Modul 3 Teori Elektron Bebas

 

]OJXL OGOI]XJ@ HOHES SJAAOXNOGM

5

 

]ojrl Mrumo (ajmog)- Gjro`tz to`te`d tre`spjrtesl ogoitrj` megea gjdea Iogeiue` ogoitrj` hohes megea gjdea mepet mlpe`me`d soportl etja eteu ajgoiug peme des soapur`e. ]o`ede tjteg ogoitrj` ij`muisl seae mo`de` to`ede il`otli`ye ]ojrl Mrumo

Des ogoitrj` soportl des soapur`e

]ojrl Gjrotz 

Des ogoitrj` ao`dliutl stetlstli Aexwogg-Hjgtzae` 

]ojrl Mrumo-Gjro`tz arpi tojrl igesli igesli ao`dliutl ao`dliutl stetlstli stetlstli A-H 8

 

Mrumo ajmog ( igesli) 3

]ormepet = esuasl ye`d mldu`ee` u`tui ao`mosirlpslie` ajmog Mrumo. 5.Ogoctrj`s ero troetom es cgesslceg pertlcgos wltfl` e nroo-ogoctrj` epprjxlaetlj`. ]fus,

l` tfo ehso`co jn oxtor`eg ogoctrjaed`otlc nlogms oecf ogoctrj` ls teio` tj

ajvo u`lnjragy l` e streldft gl`o, `odgoctl`d tfo l`torectlj`s wltf jtfor ogoctrj`s e`m lj`s. L` tfo proso`co jn oxtor`eg nlogms oecf ogoctrj` ls teio` tj ajvo eccjrml`d tj  @owtj`'s gews jn ajtlj`. ajtlj`. 8. Ogoctrj`s ajvo nroo j`gy hotwoo` cjgglslj`s wltf scettorl`d co`tors. Cjgglslj`s, es l` il`otlc tfojry, ero l`ste`te`ojus ovo`ts tfet ehruptgy egtor tfo vogjclty jn e` ogoctrj`. Mrumo ettrlhutom tfoa tj tfo ogoctrj`s scettorl`d hy lj` cjros.

 

= 3. E` ogoctrj` oxporlo`cos e cjgglslj`, rosugtl`d l` e` ehrupt cfe`do l` lts vogjclty, wltf e prjhehlglty por u`lt tlao 5/   .  ]fls

lapglos tfet tfo prjhehlglty jn e` ogoctrj` u`mordjl`d e cjgglslj` l` e`y l`nl`ltoslaeg tlao l`torveg jn go`dtf mt ls kust mt /  .



]fo tlao ls tforonjro e` evoredo tlao hotwoo` tfo twj cj`socutlvo scettorl`d ovo`ts.  ]fo rogexetlj` tlao ls tteio` eio` tj h hoo l`mopo`mo`t jn e` ogoctrj`'s pjs pjsltlj` ltlj` e`m vogjclty.

=. Ogoctrj`s ero essuaom tj ecflovo tforaeg oqulglhrlua wltf tfolr surrju`ml`ds j`gy tfrjudf cjgglslj`s. ]foso cjgglslj`s ero essuaom tj ael`tel` gjceg tforajmy`ealc oqulglhrlua l` e pertlcugergy slapgo wey; laaomletogy entor oecf cjgglslj` e` ogoctrj` ls teio` tj oaordo wltf e vogjclty tfet ls `jt rogetom tj lts vogjclty kust honjro tfo cjgglslj`, hut re`mjagy mlroctom e`m wltf e spoom epprjprleto tj tfo toaporeturo provelgl`d et tfo pgeco wforo tfo cjgglslj` jccurrom.

 

Gl`i aetorl ye`d hlse mlglfet uti ao`eahef aetorl AI 5. (L`tr (L`trjmuctl jmuctlj` j` tj Sjg Sjglm lm Stet Steto o Rfyslc Rfyslcs, s, Goctu Gocturo ro =; Mrumo e e`m `m Sjaa Sjaaornog ornogm m ]fojrlos jn Ogoctrj`s l` Sjglms ) fttps;//www.yjutuho.cja/wetcf:v1[][JE 8. ( Mrumo ]fojry jn cj`muctlj` Rert 8 (]foraeg Cj`muctlvlty) ( Nroo Ogoctrj` ]fojry)||8256 fttps;//www.yjutuho.cja/wetcf:v1ipyuqV[I-iMzf tps;//www.yjutuho.cja/wetcf:v1c>I-iMzfE`E E`E =. Mrlnt ^ogjclty ; fttps;//www.yjutuho.cja/wetcf:v1qd2K\=D@I2w fttps;//www.yjutuho.cja/wetcf:v1-IA?hq2J=6j ?. Ajm-25 Goc-25 Rrl`clpgos jn Cj`mo`som Aettor Rfyslcs ; fttps;//www.yjutuho.cja/wetcf:v1ZCif>2H>G\&glst1RGhA^jd^k?`KXkGrVp3iAtrLJ6i[g5M5Kp ?

 

Struitur etja (ajgoiug) megea irlsteg toretur, klie mlglfet merl horhedel sumut pe`me`d, ao`u`kuiie` hlme`d8.

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Nrja tfo Mrumo ajmog

Reme hohorepe porseaee` porseaee` ye`d ao`ddeaherie` ao`ddeaherie` slnet-slnet slnet-slnet nlslie ye`d mlporjgof merl Ajmog Mrumo tlmei Ael`gy, aoaporfltu`die` aoaporfltu`d ie` mlstrlhusl stetlstlc ertliog. Mrumo ogoctrlc ls ye` Ogoitrj` sohedel pertliog me`ddep sohedel pertliog des des

ao`dlutl lstrlhusl Noral ye`d horielte` m`ode` iocopete` {Wmlspge

{O} Wque 1Wsldae {Wmlspge {`oP{8}W Wquem Ws wforo {  ls tfo c Waetfhn ogoctrlc

ogoctrj` ls 4tfo a

 

ls tfo og

6

 

Erus glstrli me` dorei auete` ( tl`k. Alirjsijpls) Hoser`ye auete` glstrli toriue`tlsesl megea ioglpete` hug huget et auete` ogoitrj`.  Erus glstrli emegef doreie` auete`–auete` glstrli ye`d   ao`deglr md` ioc iocopete` opete` fe`yut (mrlnt vogjclty) mga ij`muitjr

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(5) 52

 

]ojrl Iue`tua Sjaaornogm

Igesli Mrumo Ajmog & Stetlstli Noral-Mlrec

Mrumo – Sjaaornogm Ajmogg

^(x)1 2 u`tui 2 7 x 7 G ^(x)1   u`tui x  2 me` x  G       )      x       (       ^

2

x G

(5) 55

 

(l)O`ordl ye`d au`dil` mlalglil

Dogjahe`d ye`d pe pegl`d gl`d au` au`dil` dil` torho` torho`tui tui sope` sope`ke`d ke`d G peme irlsteg 5 M 58

 

Mo`de` aoaesuiie` syeret hetes

` (2)

1 2 me`

`

(G) 1 2 

(8) Me` o`ordl`ye

(3) 8

 O `   

` f

8 8

6aG

(=)

 O `    `8

Nu`dsl dgh ye`d sumef ml `jraeglsesl

 `

 `    ( x)    sl`    x  G    G   8

(?) 53

 

_`tui tlep tl`diet to`ede horlsl 8 ogoitrj` mo`de` spl` _p me` mjw` .

Klie @ emegef kuagef tjteg ogoitrj`, u`tui ` do`ep

8`     @   N 

`N ao`dd  ao`ddeaherie` eaherie` hlge`de` iue`tua uteae peme go govog vog Noral Klie @ 1 `N , pors (=) ao`keml 8

 O `



8

8

  N          `  @             8a   8 G   8a   8 G  

8

(>)

5=

 

Hoser to`ede Noral torde`tu`d peme kuagef ogoitrj` me` pe`ke`d ijtei (hjx ) 4

Alseg ; @/G 1 2,? o ogoitrj`/Ï goitrj`/Ï et eteu eu ?. ?.52 52 ogoitrj`/ca 8  O `

  @      58 3 , 4 52 ord or d  8,=o^      8a   8 G   

8

(ll) ]o`ede ]jteg ]o`ede tjteg aorupeie` kuagefe` soguruf to`ede ogoitrj`  @  / 8

 O 2

 O 2

`

  8 5 O  `

8

    / 8 8 8   ` 8a   G  5  

8

 @ 

`

5?

 

 s

`

8



` 5

5 >

 s ( 8 s

8

 3 s  5) 

5

 s

3

3

]o`ede tjteg`ye ;  O 2

8



8

8

3

5           5   @       

8a   G  3   8    O 2

5   

3

 @O  N 

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8

  @     

8

 @ 

3 8a   8 G   (4)

5>

 

Mo`slty jn Stetos (MJS) ; MJS emegef kuagef ioemee` ogoitrj` ye`d tormepet megea slstoa tlep setue` re`do to`ede  M ( O   )



m`

mO 

_`tui ogoitrj` hohes, tlep tl`diet to`ede horlsl 8 ogoitrj`.  M( O  ) 

8

m`

mO 

Merl pors (=) ye`d ao`dfuhu`die` e`tere O me` `, mlporjgof. 5/ 8

5/ 8

= G   a    6aG    M ( O )   8      f  8 O     f  O    8

54

 

?.3 ]ojrl Ogoitrj` Hohes megea 3 M

56

 

5<

 

82  

 Epgliesl Ajmog Des Des Ogoitrj` Hohes Iepesltes Re`es Ogoitrj`li ]o`ede il`otli rete-rete u`tui ogoitrj` hohes hormeser aoie`lie stetlstli igesli  O 2   

3 8

i  H] 

Megea aoapu`yel @ ogoitrj` hohes, to`ede gjdea il`otliye`d tjteg`ye  O 2   

3 8

 @i  H] 

85  

Iepesltes pe`es ogoitrj`li C  ^ 



mO     m] 

3 8

@i   H

Feslg l`l l`l tor`yete tlmei sosuel sosuel mo`de` mo`de` io`yetee`. Reme sufu ieaer ij`trlhusl ogoitrj`li torfemep iepesltes pe`es se`det ioclg 7 2,25 merl 3/8 @ i H. Merl sumut pe`me`d aoie`lie iue`tua, fe`ye ogoitrj` ye`d aoapu`yel to`ede mlsoilter to`ede Noral seke ye`d horpore`. Klie des ogoitrj` mlpe`esie` peme sufu ], ogoitrj` aoaporjgof teahefe` to`ede iH] me` eie` aogjapet io tl`diet to`ede ye`d gohlf tl`ddl

88  

He`yei`ye ogoitrj` ye`d ao`yuahe`d peme iepesltes pe`es, hoser`ye i  ]      @    O        H

eteu

 N 

]       @   ]        N 

Iepesltes pe`es des ogoitrj`, ao`keml

Iepesltes pe`es zet pemet ;

83  

Rrjhgoa Cf. ?.4

Rorei ( ncc) aoapu`yel etja 5,== Ï, E`ddep porei aorupeie` gjdea kerl-kerl aj`jvego`sl. Fltu`d hoser to`ede Noral, sufu Noral me` iocopete` Noral ]o`ede Noral porei ml`yeteie` jgof pors.

Sohedel gjdea aj`j vego`sl, 5 etja porei ao`yuahe`d 5 ogoitrj` hohes.

8=  

Reme struitur ncc e1 (88) r . ]lep sog horlsl = etja ^jguao 5 sog ^ 

 e   r   8 8   5,==  52    8 8   >4,?>   52-32 a3   3

3

 @  

52

3

=  @  ^ 



= >4,?>  52

32

 2,2?<  5232 ogoitrj`/a3

8?  

(5,2?  52 )

3= 8



 O 



8   

Sufu Noral  N   O  ]  N   i  H

 hlse mlfltu`d so`mlrl

Iocopete` Noral

  v  3  a     

5/ 3

8

 @  

 ^   

 hlse mlfltu`d so`mlrl

84  

86  

8<  

32  

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