MODERN BEE KEEPING AND HONEY PROCESSING TECHNOLOGY

MODERN BEE KEEPING AND HONEY PROCESSING TECHNOLOGY Written By :

EIRI Consultants and Engineers

© Copy Reserved by Sudhir Gupta, Delhi

ISBN : 978-81-39765-14-9

4449, Nai Sarak, Main Road, Delhi-110 006 (India) E-Mail : [email protected] Website: www.eiriindia.org

Click Here to Buy This Book Online

Preface Honeybees are true social insects that live in large colonies of 10 to 100 thousand. They belong to the animal group "Insecta" which ordinarily are known for their solitary existance, high reproductive capacity, very functional and protective body structure and the habit of persistence. Every one has heard of the story of "Spider and King Bruce" in a cave where he saw her make seven attempts to reach the ceiling. Spiders are first cousins of insects and are very similar in habits. Owing to their solitary existance almost all insects are subject to the theory of chance for their survival under given circumstances. However, social honeybees are different, since they have to live in colonies, maintain a certain temperature for rearing their young ones and stock sufficient food stores for themselves and their progeny. The presence of food being prominent in their house (combs), and they having stock of sweet honey, are in constant danger of attack from wild animals and man. They are evolved for a specialized life of different castes and "functions" and they are also in possessions of defence mechanisms to combat the attacks of enemies. The book 'Modern Bee Keeping & Honey Processing Technology' covers various methods including Honey, Introductory, Life of the Honey Bee, Species of Bee Keeping, Site Selection and Arrangement of Apiary, Beehive, Food Gathering by Bees, Beekeeping, Management of Bee Colonies, Pest Management and Diseases, Extraction of Honey & Processing, Honey Extraction, Quality of Honey, Equipments, Economics of Bee-keeping, Honey Based Formulations, Flavour Formulations based on Honey, Honey a Miraculous Food, Hard Honey Cider, Hard Cider Formulae, Plant Economics Honey Processing & Packing & Plant Economics of Bee Keeping. The book has been written for the benefit and to prove an asset and a handy reference guide in the hands of new entrepreneurs and well established industrialists.

Director

Nai Sarak, Main Road, Delhi-110 006 (India) E-mail : [email protected]

Click Here to Buy This Book Online

CONTENTS AND SUBJECT INDEX Chapter

Page No. Chapter 1

Honey

1-4

- Adulteration of Honey - Fiehe's Test - Other Test to be Applied to Honey Specific Rotation - Sucrose - Reducing Sugars - Microscopic Examination - Honey - Chemicals for Flavour Matching - Uses and Notes

2 2 3 3 3 3 3 3 4

2

Introductory

5-10 3

Life of the Honey Bee -

Caste System Body Structure Life History Jobs of Worker Bees Doings of a Drone The Remarkable Queen Bee Swarming Communication Among Bees

11-29 11 13 19 20 22 22 25 26

4

Species of Bee Keeping -

Species of Honey Bee Indian Bee Rock Bee Little Bee Italian Bee Colony Organization Queen Worker Drone Development of Honey Bee How to Differntiate Castes? What is a Colony Nest? How do Bees Communicate with each other?

30-36 30 30 31 31 31 31 31 32 33 33 33 34 34

Page No.

- What are the useful Products produced by Bee - Bee-wax - Bee-venom - Royal Jelly - Pollen - Propolis

35 36 36 36 36 36

5

Bee-Pasturage

37-41 6

Site Selection and Arrangement of Apiary -

42-49

Criteria for Selection of Beehive What is an Apiary? Location of an Apiary Bee Equipment Arrangement of beehives

42 45 45 46 48

7

Beehive

50-52

-

Different Sources of Honey Bees Purchase of Honey Bee Colony Precautions Procedure Sub Unit 4b: Multiplication of of Colonies Materials Required - Procedure

50 50 50 51 51 51

8

Food Gathering by Bees 53-58 -

Requirements of a Colony Foraging by the Bees Factors Influencing Field Activity Bee Flora

53 54 55 57

9

Bee Keeping - Tools and Equipment - Placement of Colonies - From where the get Bee Colonies?

59-64 59 60 61

Click Here to Buy This Book Online Chapter -

Page No. Chapter

Settling Down a New Colony Combining Two colonies Dividing and Multiplying Colonies Bee Poisioning

62 62 63 64

10

Management of Bee Colonies

65-67

- Relevant Information - What is Seasonal Management? - Management of Bees During Different Seasons - What is Dearth Period? - How does the Dearth Period affect Bees? - How can the Dearth Period be Detected? - What is Swarming? - How Swarming can be prevented

65 65 66 67 67 67 67 67

11

Pest Management and Diseases -

68-70

Pests of Bees Bacterial Diseases Viral Diseases Predators Effect of Pesticide Poisoning

68 69 69 70 70

12

Extraction of Honey & Processing -

71-74

How to Store Extracted Honey? Marketing of Honey Precautions Extraction of Honey Materials Required Procedure Processing of Extracted Honey Materials Required Procedure

71 72 72 73 73 73 74 74 74

13

Honey Extraction

75-76

14

Quality of Honey

77-80

Page No. 15

Equipments -

81-93

Introduction Hiving Equipment Hive Open hlves Traditional hives Pottery hive Basket hive Horizontal hive Wall hive Top bar hives Langstrath hive Principle of bee space Principle of population Construction of Longstroth Hive Stand Bottom board Brood chamber Standard frame Self spacing frame Staple spacing frame Super Inner cover Top cover Sloping top cover Flat top cover Swarm Catching Equipments Swarm catcher Queen cage Other Equipments Queen introduction cage Queen excluder Smoker Hive tool Bee veil Overall Gloves Bee brush Feeding Equipments Top feeder Division board feeder Syrup filled combs Additional Hive Equipments Dummy or Division Board Bee-escape Porter bee-escape or spring bee-escape

81 81 81 81 82 82 82 83 83 83 83 83 84 84 84 84 84 85 85 85 86 86 86 86 86 86 86 87 87 87 87 88 88 88 88 88 88 89 89 89 89 89 89 89 90

Click Here to Buy This Book Online Chapter -

Page No. Chapter

Wire gauze cone escape Comb Foundation Selection Fixing Honey Extracting Equipments Tangential type Parallel radial type

90 90 90 91 91 91 92

16

Economics of Bee-keeping

94-96 17

Honey Based Formulations

97-99

-

Honey Cakes 97 Honey Flavour 97 Honey Flavour Essence 97 Honey Fruit Filling (Cream Type) 98 Honey Glaze 98 Doughnut Honey Glaze 98 High Ratio Honey 98 Macaroon Cake - Honey Macaroom lcing 98 - Honey Nut Topping 99

18

Flavour Formulations 100-103 based on Honey -

Honey, Imitation No. 1 Honey, Imitation No. 2 Honey, Imitation No. 3 Honey, Imitation No. 4 Honey, Imitation No. 5 Honey, Imitation No. 6 Honey, Imitation No. 7 Honey, Synthetic No. 8 Honey, Synthetic No. 9 (For Perfumes) - Honey, Synthetic No. 10 (For Perfumes) - Honey, Synthetic No. 11 - Honey, Synthetic No. 12

100 100 100 101 101 101 101 102 102 102 103 103

Page No. 19

Honey a Miraculous Food -

104-109

Honey butter Honey Mango Squash Honey Jam Honey Candy Honey and Egg Honey Ice Cream Honey Chocolate Honey Chikki Honey Jelly Carrot salad with honey Honey lamon squash Uses of by-products of Bees Bee Pollen Propolis Royal Jelly or Bee Milk Bee Wax Bee Venom

107 107 107 107 107 108 108 108 108 108 108 108 109 109 109 109 109

20

Hard Honey Cider

110-114

- What is hard cider? - Where did hard cider originate? - Honey's advantages in hard cider - Making hard honey cider - Milling and Pressing - Fermentation

110 110 111 112 112 113

21

Hard Cider Formulae -

Bit O' Honey Cyser Ingredients for five gallons Procedure Ingredients for five gallons Procedure Ginger Honey Cider Ingredients for five gallons Procedure Strokes Sensational Elderberry Cider Procedure Herb's Happy Honey Cider Ingredients for five gallons Procedure

115-118 115 115 115 116 116 116 116 116 117 117 118 118 118

Click Here to Buy This Book Online Chapter

Page No. Chapter 22

Plant Economics Honey Processing & Packing -

Page No. 23

119-120

Land and Building Plant and Machinery Fixed Capital Raw Materials Total Working Capital/Annum Total Capital Investment Turn Over / Annum

119 119 120 120 120 120 120

Plant Economics of Bee Keeping -

121-122

Land and Building Plant and Machinery Fixed Capital Raw Materials Total Working Capital/Annum Total Capital Investment Turn Over / Annum

121 121 121 121 122 122 122