Modelos de Transporte
February 17, 2023 | Author: Anonymous | Category: N/A
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56 on Lerz` oni 3=33
^JBVNSTBOEO _NDJ@IÔABDE ON D@EH^BIE _ÂDJBD@ T^]NSB@S ^JBVNSTB_ESB@ ]S@DNT@T ON LEJ^FED_^SE
DEONJET ON T^LBJBT_S@
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TECNS
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K@TN I^BT TEJO@VEI
EJANI BTEED CNSJEI JEVE
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>]BLEJ^F_V
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SEL@T ESB[]N D@EH^BIE
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L@ONI@T ON _SEJT]@S_N; NTU^BJE J@S@NT_N, J@S@NT_N L@OBFBDEOE, V@ANI R _SEL Lât`o` on ie Nsqubje J`r`nstn (Eia`rbtl` on _rejsp`rtn nj ]r`areledbôj Ibjnei)
Ni Lât`o` on ie Nsqubje J`r`nstn (` nsqubje supnrb`r bzqubnroe) ns uje hnurìstbde qun sn epibde e uje nstrudture nspndbei on pr`cinles on ]r`areledbôj Ibjnei iieleoe L`oni` on _rejsp`rtn, iieleoe _rejsp`rtn, ie duei pnrlbtn esnaurer qun nxbste uje uje s`iudbôj s`iudbôj cåsbde fedtbcin bjbdbei (j` ertbfbdbei). @tr`s lât`o`s pere ie `ctnjdbôj on uje s`iudbôj cåsbde on bjbdb` s`j ni ni Lât`o` on D`st` Lìjbl` y Lât`o` on Epr`xbledbôj on V`ani. Nj V`ani. Nj anjnrei, ni Lât`o` on V`ani pr`oudn ie lnk`r s`iudbôj cåsbde on bjbdb` y ni on ie Nsqubje J`r`nstn ie pn`r, sbj nlcera`, ni Lât`o` on ie Nsqubje J`r`nstn blpibde ni lìjbl` on dåidui`s. Ni Lât`o` on ie Nsqubje J`r`nstn d`lbnjze nj ie dnioe (rute) d`rrnsp`jobnjtn e ie nsqubje j`r`nstn, ` supnrb`r bzqubnroe, on ie tecie (verbecin
). E d`jtbjuedbôj, d`jtbjuedb ôj, uje
onsdrbpdbôj on i`s pes`s; ]es` 5; Esbajer t`o` i` p`sbcin e ie dnioe sninddb`jeoe y ekuster ies dejtboeons es`dbeoes on `fnrte y onlejoe rnstejo` ie dejtboeo esbajeoe. ]es` 3; Teibr on ie fbie ` ie d`iulje duejo` sn eidejdn `fnrte ` onlejoe dnr`, y tedheri`, pere bjobder qun j` sn punonj hednr lås esbajedb`jns e nse fbie `
d`iulje. Tb uje fbie y uje d`iulje oej dnr` ei lbsl` tbnlp`, tedher sôi` uj` (ie fbie ` d`iulje) y onker uje `fnrte (onlejoe) dnr` nj ie fbie (d`iulje) qun j` sn tedhô. ]es` 4; Tb qunoe nxedtelnjtn uje fbie ` d`iulje sbj tedher, ontnjnrsn. Nj des` d`jtrerb`, evejzer e ie dnioe on ie onrndhe sb sn edece on tedher uje d`iulje, ` e ie on ecek` sb sn tedhô uj rnaiôj. Tnaubr d`j ni ]es` 5. Lât`o` on ie Nsqubje J`r`nstn ]ere biustrer ie epibdedbôj oni Lât`o` on ie Nsqubje J`r`nstn d`jsbonrnl`s ni sbaubnjtn pr`cinle ceiejdneo` on ttrejsp`rtn rejsp`rtn qun dd`jsbonre `jsbonre 4 sb sbi`s i`s pr`oudt`s (`fnrte) qun setbsfednj ies jndnsboeons on ? l`ibj`s (onlejoe). Ni eia`rbtl` on trejsp`rtn sn cese nj ie hbpôtnsbs qun ni l`oni` nstå ceiejdneo`, ns ondbr, qun ie onlejoe t`tei ns bauei e ie `fnrte t`tei (sb ni l`oni` j` nstå ceiejdneo` sbnlprn sn p`orå eulnjter d`j uje funjtn ` uj onstbj` fbdtbdb`s pere rnsteurer ni nqubibcrb` ` ceiejdn).
I`s d`st`s ujbterb`s on trejsp`rtn onson ni sbi` b ei l`ibj` k
sn rnprnsnjtej nj ie
nsqubje supnrb`r onrndhe on deoe dueor`. ]`r nknlpi` ni d`st` ujbterb` on njvber uje ujboeo on pr`oudt` onson ni sbi` 5 ei l`ibj` 5 ns on $5=. Eobdb`jeilnjtn i`s sbi`s 5, 3 y 4 tbnjnj depedboeo u `fnrte on 5>, 3> y 5= ujboeons, rnspndtbvelnjtn.
]`r `tre pertn i`s l`ibj`s 5, 3, 4 y ? tbnjnj rnqunrblbnjt`s ` onlejoe on >, 5>, 5> y 5> ujboeons, rnspndtbvelnjtn. Ni l`oni` nste ceiejdneo` (sule `fnrte < sule onlejoe < >= ujboeons). Ei epibder ni Lât`o` on ie Nsqubje J`r`nstn ei nknlpi` ejtnrb`r sn `ctbnjnj i`s sbaubnjtns rnsuiteo`s. Ies findhes bjobdej ni `ronj nj ni qun sn anjnrej ies dejtboeons esbajeoes;
•
Ie dejtboeo esbajeoe e ie dnioe
s`j > ujboeons, oeo` qun sb cbnj ni sbi`
5 tbnjn depedboeo on 5> ujboeons, ni l`ibj` 5 sôi` jndnsbte (onlejoe) > ujboeons (j` sn rneibzej lås esbajedb`jns e ie d`iulje 5 d`rrnsp`jobnjtn ei l`ibj` 5).
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E d`jtbjuedbôj j`s l`vnl`s e ie onrndhe y esbajel`s i` låxbl` p`sbcin (5= ujboeons rnlejn rnlejnjtns) jtns) e ie dnioe
(d`j i` duei sn d`lpinte ie
depedboeo oni sbi` 5 y nj d`jsndunjdbe j` ns p`sbcin snaubr rneibzejo` esbajedb`jnss nj ie fbie 5). esbajedb`jn
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Iuna` esbajel`s > ujboeons e ie dnioe
i` duei ns p`r dbnrt` lnj`r qun
ie depedboeo oni sbi` 3 pnr` i` sufbdbnjtn pere setbsfednr i`s rnqunrblbnjt`s oni l`ibj` 3 (eh`re j` ns p`sbcin anjnrer esbajedb`jns eobdb`jeins e ie d`iulje 3).
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J`s l`vnl`s e ie onrndhe y sn esbajej 5> ujboeons oni sbi` 3 ei l`ibj` 4 ( ) i` qun ducrn bjlnobetelnjtn i`s rnqunrblbnjt`s oni l`ibj` 4 (j` ns jndnserb` esbajer lås nj ie d`iulje 4).
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Junvelnjtn j`s l`vnl`s e ie onrndhe y esbajel`s i` låxbl` p`sbcin (> ujboeons qun ns ie depedboeo rnlejnjtn oni sbi` 3, ns ondbr,
) d`j i`
duei ni sbi` 3 `pnre e låxble depedboeo (eh`re ye j` ns p`sbcin junves esbajedb`jnss nj ie fbie 3). esbajedb`jn
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Fb Fbje jeil ilnnjtn jtn sn esb sbaajej jej 5= ujbo ujboeo eons ns on onii sbi sbi`` 4 ei l l``ibj` ibj` ? (
) du duccrb rbnnjo` jo`
ie onlejoe on obdh` l`ibj` (y ie depedboeo oni d`rrnsp`jobnj d`rrnsp`jobnjtn tn sbi`). Nj
d`jsndunjdbe
ns; pr`arele
(vei`r
ie
s`iudbôj nj
cåsbde ie
fedtbcin
bjbdbei
qun rnp`rte uj d`st` oni fujdbôj `ckntbv`)
on; [(5=)+5=(3)+>(1)+5>*(2)+>(3=)+5=*(58)3=. J`ter qun sb sn blpinlnjte d`lputedb`jeilnjtn ni pr`cinle ejtnrb`r hedbnjo` us` on on T`ivnr on Nxdni y utbibzejo` d`l` l`t`r on rns`iudbôj TblpinxPI] sn eidejze ie sbaubnjtn s`iudbôj ôptble (dnioes elerbiies) d`j d`st` lìjbl` (vei`r ôptbl`) on $?4>.
LÂ_@O@ L@OBFBDEO@ ON IE NTU^BJE J@S@NT_N. Ie s`iudbôj bjbdbei fedtbcin anjnreoe p`r ni lât`o` on ie nsqubje j`r`nstn punon snr uje s`iudbôj e pertbr on ie duei iinaer e ie s`iudbôj `ptble rnqunrboe uj pr`dns` iera` y tnob`s` d`j julnr`ses bjtnreddb`jns. ^je l`obfbdedbôj qun ed`rte nst` ns ni lât`o` l`obfbdeo` on ie nsqubje j`r`nstn. Nstn lât`o` rnqubnrn uje rn`rbnjtedbôj on ie nsqubje bjbdbei d`j ie lås ôptble esbajedbôj on tei f`rle qun ies dejtboeons obsp`jbcins y rnqunrboes sn njdunjtrnj setbsfndhes. Nste rnaie bjtnjte tnjnr uje luy cunje s`iudbôj on tei lejnre qun snej jndnserbes uj lnj`r jûlnr` on dåidui`s bjtnredtbv`s. bjtnredt bv`s. Nste rnaie j` esnaure ie `ptblbzedbôj nj ie prblnre s`iudbôj fedtbcin, pnr` anjnreilnjtn rnqubnrn uj jûlnr` iblbteo` on bjtnreddb`jns. Nste epr`xbledbôj tbnjon e d`i`der ie sbtuedbôj lås onsnecin nj ie nsqubje j`r`nstn (equniie dnioe qun tnjae lnj`r d`st`), ie obfnrnjdbe d`j ni lât`o` on ie nsqubje j`r`nstn ns prndbselnjtn ni onserr`ii` on ie prblnre tecie fedtbcin. Ni rnst` oni pr`dnoblbnjt` ns boâjtbd`. Eia`rbtl` on Lât`o`. 5)
Nlpbnze ejeibzejo` ies dnioes j` esbajeoes
3)
Bonjtbfbde ie dnioe j` esbajeoe qun tnjae ni lnj`r d`st` Dbk nj
ie letrbz y esbajn nj niie tejt` d`l` sne p`sbcin oncbo` e ies rnstrbddb`jns d`j ie fbie y d`iulje. 4)
Snouzde i` esbajeo` oni d`rrnsp`jobnjtn rnqunrblbnjt` y
obsp`jbcbiboeo, niblbjejo` ie d`iulje ` fbie d`rrnsp`jobnjtn e nstes qun sn heye rnoudbo` e dnr`. ?)
D`jtbjûn d`j ie fbie ` d`iulje j` niblbjeoe y esbajn nj ie dnioe
qun tnjae lnj`r d`st`. Tb sn he tnrlbjeo` on esbajer, br ei pes` 3. >)
Snpbte ni pes` 3 heste qun i` rnqunrbo` y i` obsp`jbcin sne
esbajeo`.
Nknlpi` 3; Snsunive ni pr`cinle oni nknlpi` 5 utbibzejo` ni lât`o` l`obfbdeo` on ie nsqubje j`r`nstn. Nxelbjejo` ie tecie on d`st`s oni nknlpi` 5, sn `csnrve qun ies dnioes d 3 tbnjn ni d`st` lås cek` (Dd3 ?
4
3
6
6
1
2
?
Snqunrblbnjt`s ?= Ni lnrdeo` 3 tbnjn uje onlejon e on ?= ujboeons y ie piejte D punon pr`oudbr ?> ujboeons. ]ere j` vb`ier ies d`jobdb`jns on nqubibcrb`, ?= ujboeons s`j esbajeoes nj ie dnioe d3(xd3 ) ies dueins setbsfednj ni lnrdeo` 3. ]nr` ie piejte D euj tbnjn > ujboeons p`r esbajer. Tninddb`jejo` ni lnrdeo` d`j ni les cek` d`st` on njtrn i`s 4 lnrdeo`s rnstejtns (5,3 y ?). Esbajer ni lnrdeo` ? ei rndbcbr ies > ujboeons on ie piejte D. LNSDEO@ ]IEJ_E
3
? 5
D
?=
DE]EDBOEO 6
8
8 ?>
> ?
4
3
6
6
1
2
?
Snqunrblbnjt`s ?=
3=
Ni lnrdeo` ? euj jndnsbte 5> ujboeons eobdb`jeins. On ies piejtes rnstejtns (E y C), ie piejte C ns d`i`deoe nj ie tecie y e qun tbnjn ni d`st` les cek` on $ 4 nj ni lnrdeo` ?. ]`r i` d`jsbaubnjtn nj e dnioe c? (x c3) sn esbajej 5> ujboeons, ies dueins setbsfednj ni lnrdeo` ?. LNSDEO@ ]IEJ_E
3
? 5
D
?=
DE]EDBOEO 6
8
8
> ?
?> 4
3
6
5> 6 Snqunrblbnjt`s ?=
3= 1
2
?
3=
Ie piejte C eûj tbnjn > ujboeons sbj esbajer, sninddb sninddb`jejo` `jejo` ni lnrdeo` d`j ni d`st` les cek` on njtrn on i`s o`s lnrdeo`s rnstejtns (5, 4), d`l` sn lunstre e d`jtbjuedbôj nj ni lnrdeo` 5 tbnjn uj rnqunrblbnjt` on 3> ujboeons, d`jsbonrejo` ies > qun t`le on ie piejte C, e uj tbnjn jndnsboeo on 3> ujboeons ies qun punonj snr esbajeoes on ie ûjbde piejte rnstejtn (E).
LNSDEO@ ]IEJ_E
3
?
5
5
6
?=
D
DE]EDBOEO 8
8
>
?>
?
4
3
6
5> > 6 Snqunrblbnjt`s ?=
3=
1 3=
2
?
4=
D`l` sn lunstre, ie piejte E eûj tbnjn 5= ujboeons j` esbajeoes y nstes s`j esbajeoes nj ni lnrdeo` rnstejtn (4). D`j nst` sn he `ctnjbo` ie s`iudbôj bjbdbei fedtbcin. LNSDEO@ ]IEJ_E
3
? 5
D
?=
5 6
4 8
DE]EDBOEO 8
> ?
?> 4
3
5> 6
6
> 1
3= 2
? 5=
3> Snqunrblbnjt`s ?=
3=
4=
Jûlnr` on dnioes esbajeoes < 4+?-5
O) ]S@DNOBLBNJ_@ ON @]_BLB[EDBÔJ. ]ertbnjo` on uje s`iudbôj bjbdbei fedtbcin (V`ani, Nsqubje J`r`nstn, ntd.) ns jndnserb` pr`cer ie `ptblbzedbôj on ie esbajedbôj nveiuejo` t`oes ies dnioes j` esbajeoes (vedìes) y ontnrlbjejo` ie d`jvnjbnjdbe on esbajer nj niies. Nj ie nveiuedbôj on ies dnioes vedìes pere uj p`sbcin lnk`relbnjt`, uje rute dnrreoe (dbdi`) ns sninddb`jeoe. Ie rute tbnjn l`vblbnjt`s h`rbz`jteins y vnrtbdeins, d`jsbonrejo` qun ies dnioes esbajeoes y j` esbajeoes punonj snr crbjdeoes nj ni l`vblbnjt` pere i`deibzer uje dnioe eondueoe. D`j ie nxdnpdbôj on ie dnioe qun nstå sbnjo` nveiueoe, ni rnst` on ies dnioes nj ie rute oncnj tnjnr uje esbajedbôj. Duejo` j`s l`vblbnjt`s eirnono`r on ie rute dnrreoe, delcb`s on obrnddbôj nj åjaui` rndt` (l`vblbnjt`s vnrtbdeins y h`rbz`jteins) s`j rneibzeo`s nj deoe dnioe qun t`qun ie rute, qun rnsuite d`j ie eobdbôj on uje ujboeo y ie rnste on uje ujboeo on deoe fbie, y ie d`iulje bjdiuboe nj ie rute (d`j esbajedbôj eitnrjeoe on sbaj`s p`sbtbv`s y jnaetbv`s e i`s d`st`s on ies dnioes nj ie rute). Ie eobdbôj y ie rnste esnaure qun ies rnstrbddb`jns on ie ujboeo on depedboeo y ie ujboeo on rnqunrblbnjt`s j` snråj vb`ieoes. ]ere nveiuer ie dnioe vedìe sn rneibze ie sulet`rbe on i`s d`st`s on deoe uje on ies dnioes nj ie rute. Tb eiauje on nstes nveiuedb`jns err`kerå uj sbaj` jnaetbv` (pere uj pr`cinle on lbjblbzedbôj), njt`jdns sn oncnrå esbajer nj equniie dnioe d`j ie nveiuedbôj lås jnaetbve. Nst` bjobderå qun uje rnouddbôj nj ni d`st` t`tei punon i`arersn trejsfbrbnjo` tejtes ujboeons d`l` sne p`sbcin e nse dnioe. Ni jûlnr` on ujboeons p`sbcins e snr trejsfnrbo` snrå bauei e ie lìjble dejtboeo qun sn njdunjtre esbajeoe nj ies dnioes on ie rute d`j d`st` jnaetbv`. Ei rneibzersn nste trejsfnrnjdbe oncn esnaurersn qun ies rnstrbddb`jns on ie depedboeo y on rnqunrblbnjt`s j` snej vb`ieoes (nst` (nst ` sn hedn earnaejo` ies ujboeons njd`jtreoes
e esbajer nj ies dnioes d`j sbaj` p`sbtbv` y rnstejo` nstes ujboeons on ies dnioes d`j sbaj` jnaetbv`). Tb ie nv`iudbôj on t`oes ies dnioes vedìes err`ke vei`rns p`sbtbv`s, njt`jdns sn obdn qun ie esbajedbôj ns ôptble.
Nknlpi`s on rutes; 24=
6 + ?
1
> 3
4> ?
6
4
3= 8 +
3= 5 -
5> 4=
8
5=
4=
6 3=
5=
?>
3=
5==
Nveiuedbôj nj ie dnioe 5, 4 < ? — 8 + 5 — 6 < - 2 _ECIE -
2+
4=
6
?
1
4
3= >=
3 -
4=
5=
?=
>
5=
>=
? +
6
4
5 -
>+
6
8
1 >
8
2 5=
6= 3
> 35
45
4=
>=
3=
6=
35
585
Nveiuedbôj nj ie dnioe ?, 5 < > — 2 + 6 — ? + 6 — > + 6 — 3 < + 4
_ECIE 2 4=
6
?
1
4
3= 3 -
>= ?
4= > + 5=
6 + 4 5=
5
?= >
6 -
?= >
8 >=
1
5= 2 -
3+
4= 4=
8
3=
6=
6= >
5 35
45 585
Nveiuedbôj nj ie dnioe 3, ? < 4 — ? + 5 — 1 + > — 3 < - ?
Nknlpi` ?; ]ertbnjo` on ie s`iudbôj bjbdbei `ctnjboe nj ni nknlpi` 5 `ctnjae ie s`iudbôj ôptble utbibzejo` nstn pr`dnoblbnjt` on `ptblbzedbôj; _ECIE
NVEI^EDBÔJ. XE4 < ? -8 +5 -6 < -2 ↝ Tn oncn esbajer ie dnioe E 4 p`r tnjnr vei`r lås jnaetbv` XE? < 1 -6 +5 -6 < -? XC5 < 3 -2 +6 -? < -> XD5 < 8 -2 +6 -5 XC? < 4 -6 +5 -? < -6 D`st` t`tei < D_ < 4=*2 +>*6 +3=*? +5>*5 +5=*8 +3=*6 D_ < $>2> In oncnj esbajer > ujboeons nj ie dnioe E 4 ye qun nj ie rute ies dnioes d`j sbaj` jnaetbv` ie esbajedbôj lnj`r ns on > ujboeons. _ECIE
NVEI^DBÔJ. XE3 < 6 -? +8 -5 < 2 XE? < 1 -6 +8 -? < > XC5 < 3 -2 +? -8 +55 -? < -5? ↝Esbajer nj ie dnioe C5 p`r tnjnr ni vei`r lås jnaetbv` XC3 < 6 -8 +5 -? < -> XC? < 4 -6 +5 -? < -6 XD5 < 8 -2 +? -8 < -> In oncnj esbajer > ujboeons nj ie dnioe C 5 ye qun nj ie rute ies dnioes d`j sbaj` jnaetbv` ie esbajedbôj lnj`r ns on > ujboeons. _ECIE.
NVEI^DBÔJ. XE3 < 6 — ? +3 -2 < -> XE? < 1 -6 +5 -? +3 -2 < -2 ↝Esbajer nj ie dnioe E? p`r snr ie lås jnaetbve. XC4 < 6 -3 +2 -? < 2 XC? < 4 -6 +5 -? ujboeons nj ie dnioe C 3 ye qun nj ie rute ies dnioes d`j sbaj` jnaetbv` ie esbajedbôj lnj`r ns on 5> ujboeons.
_ECIE.
NVEI^EDBÔJ XE3 < 6 -1 +6 -5 < ? XC3 < -3 +2 -1 +6 -5 < 2 XC4 < 6 -3 +2 -? < 2 XC? < 4 -3 +2 -1 D`l` t`oes ies nv`iudb`jns s`j p`sbtbves ie esbajedbôj ns ôptble, d`j ni rnsuiteo` sbaubnjtn; DNIOE
ETBAJEDBÔJ
D@T_@
E5
5=
5=*2
E4
5=
5=*?
E?
5>
5>*1
C5 D?
3=
3=*3 D3
?=
> D@T_@ _@_EI <
?=*5 >*6
$4?>
I@DEIB[EDB@JNT ES_BFBDBEINT (DNIOET ES_BFBDBEINT) Ni Lât`o` on _rejsp`rtn rnqubnrn qun ie sule on ies depedboeons baueins e ie on i`s rnqunrblbnjt`s. Tb ie sule on ies depedboeons j` baueie e ie sule on i`s rnqunrblbnjt`s (pr`ouddbôj (pr`oud dbôj j` baueie e ie onlejoe) uje i`deibzedbôj (dnioe) ertbfbdbei ertbfb dbei punon snr drneoe pere i`arer ie baueioeo. Ie i`deibzedbôj ertbfbdbei tnjorå esbajedbôj on dnr` nj i`s vei`rns on ie fujdbôj `ckntbv` y snrå niblbjeoe sb ie s`iudbôj fbjei bjobde eiauje esbajedbôj nj ie i`deibzedbôj ertbfbdbei. Tb i` rnqunrbo` nxdnon e ie depedboeo uje i`deibzedbôj ertbfbdbei punon rnprnsnjter uje piejte bleabjerbe. Tb ie depedboeo nxdnon e i` rnqunrbo` uje i`deibzedbôj ertbfbdbei punon rnprnsnjter uj lnrdeo` bleabjerb`. Ie i`deibzedbôj ertbfbdbei ns sblbier e ie verbecin on h`iaure nj ni Lât`o` Tblpins.
Nknlpi`; ^je d`lpeõìe fecrbde uj pr`oudt` nj 4 piejtes (E, C, R D) y njvìe ni pr`oudt` e 4 eilednjns (X, R, R [). Ni cnjnfbdb` bjdrnlnjtei p`r ujboeo pere ies obfnrnjtns piejtes d`j rnfnrnjdbe e ies d`lcbjedb`jns on i`s eilednjns ns l`streo` nj ie sbaubnjtn tecie. _ECIE LNSDEO@ ]IEJ_E
X
R 3=
[ 1
DE]EDBOEO
5=
E
5?= >
=
8
C
>= 6
D
5=
2 6=
Snqunrblbnjt`s 5== >=
4=
58=9:3>=
°Uun pr`arele on njvì`s lexblbzerå ie aejejdbe0 D`l` i`s rnqunrblbnjt`s s`j lnj`rns qun ie depedboeo (58=93>=) y p`r i` tejt` j` s`j baueins, uj eiledâj ertbfbdbei (H) oncn snr earnaeo`, i`s cnjnfbdb`s nj nste dnioe snråj dnr` y dueiqubnr esbajedbôj nj su dnioe snrå baj`reoe nj ie s`iudbôj fbjei. _ECIE LNSDEO@ ]IEJ_E
X
R
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3= 1
H 5=
DE]EDBOEO
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E
5?= >
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8 =
C
>= 6
5=
2
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D
6=
Snqunrblbnjt`s 5== >= 4=
1= 3>=
]ertbnjo` on ie tecie pr`p`rdb`jeoe sn epibde eiaûj lât`o` on i`s ye ducbnrt`s y sn `ptblbze utbibzejo` ni lât`o` oni trelp`iìj (Ttnppbja Tt`jn). Ie tecie ôptble on nstn pr`cinle ns ie sbaubnjtn; _ECIE LNSDEO@ ]IEJ_E
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R 3=
E
5==
[ 1
H 5=
DE]EDBOEO =
5=
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4= >
C
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6
8
5=
2
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>=
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>= D Snqunrblbnjt`s 5==
>=
4=
5=
6=
1=
3>=
Ni cnjnfbdb` låxbl` ns < 3=*5== + 4=*5=+>=*5= < 38== ]`r i` qun sn njvberej 5== ujboeons e ie dnioe EX, 4= ujboeons e ie dnioe E[, >= ujboeons e ie dnioe DR y dnr` nj ni rnst` on ies dnioes.
ONANJNSEDBÔJ Tb les on l + j — 5 dnioes s`j esbajeoes, hecrå les on uj dbdi` (delbj` dnrreo`) pere ni ejåibsbs on ies dnioes nj cusde on ie `ptbleiboeo. _`o`s i`s p`sbcins delbj`s oncnj snr nveiueo`s pere ontnrlbjer ie `ptbleiboeo on ies esbajeoes rneibzeoes. Tb lnj`s on l + j — 5 dnioes s`j esbajeoes, ni pr`cinle sn onj`lbje Onanjnreo` y j` t`oes ies dnioes vedìes (j` esbajeoes) tnjorå uj delbj` dnrreo` (dbdi`). Ie d`jobdbôj on onanjnredbôj punon `durrbr nj ie s`iudbôj bjbdbei ` punon bjbdbersn duejo` o`s dnioes d`j bauei esbajedbôj seinj ie s`iudbôj (ns ondbr uje on ies o`s dnioes qunoe e jbvni dnr`), duejo` uje trejsfnrnjdbe on ujboeons sn rneibze e uje dnioe on lnj`r d`st`. Nxbstnj verbes f`rles on lejnker ie onanjnredbôj. Nste obfbduiteo punon snr niblbjeoe utbibzejo` ie intre N, qun rnprnsnjte uje esbajedbôj bjfbjbtnsblei esbajåjo`ie nj equniie ` equniies dnioes qun deuser`j ie onanjnredbôj (dnioe `
dnioes qun pesej e jbvni dnr`) y d`j nii` sn d`lpintej ies l + j — 5 dnioes esbajeoes. ^je rnaie snjdbiie ns ie sbaubnjtn; Tb uje dnioe esbajeoe oeoe qun pese e jbvni dnr` j` tbnjn `tres esbajedb`jns nj ie fbie ` d`iulje e ies dueins pnrtnjndn, esbajn ie pnqunõe dejtboeo N nj dueiqubnr dnioe j` esbajeoe nj nse fbie ` nj nse d`iulje. Tb ie d`jobdbôj ejtnrb`r j` nxbstn, esbajn uje pnqunõe dejtboeo N, nj dueiqubnr dnioe j` esbajeoe qun pnrlbte d`lpinter ie nveiuedbôj on ies dnioes. ]r`cinle on lexblbzedbôj Duejo` sn tretn on lexblbzer utbiboeo, ae aejejdbes, jejdbes, pr`ouddbô pr`ouddbôj, j, nfndtbvboeo, ntd. i`s dbk snr jnaetbv`s (luitbpibderi`s p`r -5) y ni pr`cinle sn tretere d`l` uj` on lbjblbzedbôj utbibzejo` on f`rle j`rlei i`s lât`o`s ducbnrt`s. Ie ûjbde d`jsbonredbôj ns ie qun duejo` sn heye `ctnjbo` ie esbajedbôj `ptble i`s d bk oncnj snr junvelnjtn p`sbtbv`s (t`ler sus vei`rns `rbabjeins). @tre eitnrjetbve snrå ie on ontnrlbjer ni ley`r d bk y `ctnjnr ie obfnrnjdbe njtrn nstn vei`r y deoe uj` on i`s d bk nj ie tecie. Ni pr`cinle sn rnsunivn on ie f`rle j`rlei utbibzejo` i`s lât`o`s ducbnrt`s y uje vnz `ctnjboe ie esbajedbôj `ptble i`s d bk oncnråj t`ler sus vei`rns `rbabjeins. LN_@O@ ON ETBAJEDB@J
Ni lât`o` on esbajedbôj ns uje f`rle on ]r`areledbôj Ibjnei, qun esbaje nfbdbnjtnlnjtn pnrs`jes e ternes. Ns uj lât`o` btnretbv` qun aerejtbze njd`jtrer uj pr`arele ôptbl` on esbajedbôj sbj tnjnr qun d`jsbonrer t`oes ies p`sbcins eitnrjetbves.. Nste tâdjbde he nsteo` sbnjo` useoe pere esbajer ôronjns e låqubjes, eitnrjetbves pnrs`jes e pr`yndt`s, vnjono`rns e tnrrbt`rb`s, vnhìdui`s e sndt`rns, ntd. Ni lât`o` on esbajedbôj d`j`dbo` d`l` NI LN_@O@ ON H^JAES@ rnqubnrn uje esbajedbôj on uj` e uj` njtrn pnrs`jes y ternes, rnsuitejo` uje letrbz dueoreoe
o`jon ni jûlnr` on pnrs`jes (fbies) ns bauei ei jûlnr` on ternes (d`iuljes). Ni pr`dnoblbnjt` on s`iudbôj j` pnrlbtn ie p`sbcbiboeo on esbajer uje on ies pnrs`jes e lås on uje terne. Tb ni jûlnr` on ies pnrs`jes j` ns bauei ei jûlnr` on ies ternes, uj eanjtn ` terne on h`iaure oncnrå snr drneoe d`j vei`r dnr`, pere `ctnjnr uje letrbz dueoreoe y nses verbecins (fbdtbdbes) on h`iaure esbajeoes s`j baj`reoes nj ie s`iudbôj ôptble. I`s jûlnr`s nj ie letrbz snråj i`s vei`rns es`dbeo`s d`j deoe esbajedbôj. Nsnjdbeilnjtn nstå tâdjbde lbjblbze i`s d`st`s on `p`rtujboeo on pnroboe nj uje lejnre sblbier d`l` ni låxbl` errnpnjtblbnjt` ns on lbjblbzeo` nj t`le on ondbsb`jns cek` bjdnrtboulcrn. Ie f`rluiedbôj on nstn pr`cinle on esbajedbôj d`l` uj` on pr`areledbôj ibjnei ns ie sbaubnjtn sbaubnjtn.. j
j
@ptblbzer; [< ∕ ∕ Dbk Xbk b
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Ni `ckntbv` ns ni qun on lexblbzer ni onsnlpnõ` t`tei nj i`s dnjtr`s on trecek`, oncbo` e qun ns uj pr`cinle on lexblbzedbôj, rnstn on t`oes ies njtreoes on ies dnioes nj ie letrbz ie låxble njtreoe on dnioe (nste `pnredbôj d`jvbnrtn ie letrbz on aejejdbes nj uje letrbz on d`st`s.) Ie låxble njtreoe on dnioe ns ?=, ie letrbz l`obfbdeoe sn lunstre e d`jtbjuedbôj; DNJ_S@ ON _SECEK@ NL]INEO@
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I`s d`st`s on `p`rtujboeo pere deoe d`iulje s`j `ctnjbo`s rnstejo` ie njtreoe on d`st` lås ceke nj deoe d`iulje on i`s `tr`s d`st`s nj ie lbsle d`iulje. Ni rnsuiteo` sn lunstre e d`jtbjuedbôj; _ECIE. DNJ_S@ ON _SECEK@ NL]INEO@
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3
4
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5
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I`s d`st`s on `p`rtujboeo pere deoe fbie s`j s` j `ctnjbo`s rnstejo` ie njtreoe on d`st` lås ceke nj deoe fbie on i`s `tr`s d`st`s nj ie lbsle fbie. _`o` nst` ns d`j ni fbj on
anjnrer e lnj`s uj dnr` p`r deoe fbie y p`r deoe d`iulje. Ni rnsuiteo` sn lunstre e d`jtbjuedbôj; _ECIE DNJ_S@ ON _SECEK@ NL]INEO@
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3
4
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8
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Oncbo` e qun nxbstnj > fbies y nstes punonj ducrbr t`oes ies dnioes d`j njtreoes dnr` (d`j ni lnj`r jûlnr` on iìjnes), uje esbajedbôj ôptble sn he i`areo`). Ni pes` fbjei rnqubnrn qun ies fbies y d`iuljes d`j ûjbdelnjtn uj dnr` s`j nxpi`reoes pere ontnrlbjer ies esbajedb`jns. Ies fbies 3 y > tbnjn dnioe ûjbde d`j njtreoe dnr`, y ies d`iuljes d` iuljes 3, ? y > tbnjnj dnioe ûjbde ûjbd e d`j njtreoe dnr`, p`r i` qun ie pnrs`je 3 snrå esbajeoe ei dnjtr` dnjt r` on trecek` 4, ie pnrs`je > fbdtbdbe fbdtbd be snrå esbajeoe ei dnjtr` on trecek` 5 (i` qun bjobde qun jbjauje pnrs`je ns esbajeoe ei dnjtr` on trecek` 5), ie pnrs`je ? snrå esbajeoe ei dnjtr` on trecek` 3, ie pnrs`je 4 snrå esbajeoe ei dnjtr` on trecek` ? y ie pnrs`je 5 snrå esbajeoe ei dnjtr` on trecek` 5. Ie esbajedbôj ôptble ns ie sbaubnjtn; ]nrs`je
Dnjtr` on _recek`
5
>
33
3
4
33
4
?
?=
?
3
33
Nfbdbnjdbe
5=6
T@F_QESN NJ T@I^DBÔJ ON ]S@CINLET NJ _SEJT]@S_N D@J DE]EDBOEO ON _SECEK@ NJ IE J^CN _SEJT]@S_NX ns uje epibdedbôj Dibnjtn-Tnrvbo`r luitbusuerb` obsnõeoe pere treceker d`j Lbdr`s`ft TUI Tnrvnr Nxprnss nj su rno on årne i`dei (IEJ). Tn obstrbcuyn ie vnrsbôj (eõ`) snaûj ie pietef`rle tndj`iôabde qun lås d`jvnjae e ie nlprnse dibnjtn. _elcbâj punon utbibzer, sb i` onsne, eiauje vnrsbôj on TUI Tnrvnr qun q un sn njdunjtrn ye bjsteieoe (sbnlprn qun sne bauei ` supnrb`r e ie 3==>).
]`r utbibzer Lbdr`s`ft TUI Tnrvnr Nobdbôj Nxprnss ustno J@ tnjorå qun bjvnrtbr nj ibdnjdbes eobdb`jeins p`r bjsteier nste hnrrelbnjte. hnrr elbnjte. Ies nobdb`jns aretubtes on Lbdr`s`ft TUI Tnrvnr Nxprnss eolbtnj heste 5AC on SEL p`r bjstejdbe, ? jûdin`s on uj s`i` pr`dnseo`r y erdhbv`s on Cesn on Oet`s on heste 5=AC. Tb onsne secnr lås ednrde on ies deredtnrìstbdes y oni us` aretubt` on nste hnrrelbnjte vbsbtn ie sbaubnjtn påabje; påabje;
Nj ie l`oeiboeo on Cesn on oet`s nj ie Jucn, pere dibnjtns qun esì i` rnqubnrej, _SEJT]@S_NX use i`s snrvbdb`s on Elez`j Qnc Tnrvbdns, uje pietef`rle bjf`rlåtbde on jbvni nlprnserbei ecbnrte y finxbcin, qun lexblbze ni rnjoblbnjt`, ie d`jfbecbiboeo y ie pr`tnddbôj on i`s oet`s nj ie Jucn. Ie I e oete ns ei`keoe nj i`s Oete Dnjtnrs on EQT, qun `frndnj d`cnrture ai`cei y aerejtìe on snrvbdb` oni 22,22%. Ni snrvbdb` bjdiuyn uje nj`rln depedboeo on eilednjelbnjt` y vni`dboeo. Tb onsne secnr lås ednrde on ies deredtnrìstbdes y ni us` on nste s`iudbôj Di`uo vbsbtn ie sbaubnjtn påabje; påabje;
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