Mobile Combustion CO2 Emissions Calculation Tool

12/05/2008 Summary of CO2 Emissions From Mobile Sources

Home Page: Mobile Combustion CO2 Emissions Calculation Tool. January 2005. Version 1.3 WRI-WBCSD GHG Protocol Initiative Tip: Do not edit this page. This page displays totals that come from the detailed worksheets you can access by clicking on the sheet tabs below.

Summary of CO2 Emissions (in metric tonnes CO ) 2

Source of Emissions Road

Calculated from fuel use:

Edit details

0.0 mt

Vehicles

Calculated from distance:

Edit details

0.0 mt

Trains Ships Aircraft

Calculated from fuel use:

Edit details

0.0 mt

Calculated from distance:

Edit details

0.0 mt

Calculated from fuel use:

Edit details

0.0 mt

Calculated from distance:

Edit details

0.0 mt

Calculated from fuel use:

Edit details

0.0 mt

Calculated from distance:

Edit details

0.0 mt

Total Emissions:

0.0 mt

12/05/2008 Summary of CO2 Emissions From Mobile Sources

12/05/2008 Summary of CO2 Emissions From Mobile Sources

12/05/2008 Summary of CO2 Emissions From Mobile Sources

12/05/2008 Summary of CO2 Emissions From Mobile Sources

12/05/2008 Summary of CO2 Emissions From Mobile Sources

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Introduction to Worksheets for CO2 Emissions from Mobile Sou

This brief introduction supplements the guidance document, "Fossil Fuel Combustion in Mobile Sources: Gui Please read the accompanying guidance document before using these worksheets.

### The intellectual property rights of this calculation tool belong to WRI and WBCSD, unless stated otherwise in any of the tools. ### Please cite the orginial reference when using this tool. ### ###

Purpose and domain of this section

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Assumptions

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The combustion of hydrocarbon fuels produces carbon dioxide (CO2), water vapor, trace amounts of methane (CH4), (N2O) and ash or soot (from incomplete combustion). This workbook makes a simplifying assumption that the combus is 100% complete, whereby all the carbon in fuel is converted to CO2. By itself, this assumption results in an approxim overestimate of CO2 emissions from combustion. This overestimate is offset by a second assumption that by itself wo roughly 1% underestimate of global warming impact. The second assumption is that the emissions of CH4 and N20 fr are so small and uncertain that they may be ignored in the calcuation. Each gram of CH4 and N2O has a greater impa gram of CO2. Even so, the amounts emitted during combustion are so small, and the factors for these emissions are is little benefit in calculating their global warming impact. (Processes other than combustion do produce significant am and these have non-trivial global warming impacts.) The combined effect of these assumptions is likely to alter results a variance that will in most cases be negligible.

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Companies that wish to calculate global warming from N2O and CH4 can do so as a last step, by multiplying their tota with an appropriate small percentage. This is justified because the ratio of N2O and CH4 to CO2 emissions from com across fuels and equipment.

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Calculation Approaches

Two calculation approaches are provided in these worksheets. The first calculates emissions based on amount of fu The second calculates emissions based on distance traveled or equipment activity, i.e. truck kilometers traveled. Co approach or approaches which make best use of available data. When fuel use data is available, it is usually more reli If fuel use data and distance data are of equal quality, the fuel use data should be used (fuel composition varies less th If distance data and fuel economy factors are known, use the calculator provided on the 'fuel use' worksheet to calcula Approaches can be combined, but to avoid double counting do not enter the same activity twice. These guidelines and worksheets are intended to help all companies calculate their direct and/or indirect CO2 emissio Default or average-case factors are included for your information as a possible alternative if custom emission factors a If mobile sources are a significant source of direct emissions for your organization, and your fuel records are not accur recommended that you compile emission factors that accurately reflect the characteristics of the equipment and techn Note that the default emissions per distance factors were developed in the United States and/or Europe, and m not be accurate for countries with different traffic conditions, vehicle sizes, and average number of passenger

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Possible Methods and Related Emission Factors to Calculate CO2 Emissions from Mobile Sources

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Fuel used

Distance

Traveled

###

Fuel per distance factor

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Fuel used

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emissions per fuel factor

emissions per fuel factor

emissions per distance factor

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Emissions

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Emissions

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Blue line shows calculation sequence for Based on Fuels Worksheet Brown line shows caculation sequence for Based on Distance Worksheet Dotted line shows emission factors built into the calculation of emissions per distance factor

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Suggested Sequence 1 2

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5

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Make a back-up copy of this workbook, in its blank unused state. Determine your direct and indirect emission sources from mobile combustion. If you have both direct and indirec make two copies of the workbook for accounting them separately. Review the default values proposed for emissions factors, and enter any different local default emission factors o custom values that best represent your emission sources. Check coal factors since they vary widely by country. Complete each of the applicable worksheets, filling in relevant light green cells and optional values in cells shade entry row similar to an existing row, select the existing row, then click on the Add a Row button. A new row will b the row you selected. Be certain to change user-entered values in the new row. Worksheets are color coded but may be printed in black and white. Review the Summary on the "Home" page. Totals there should automatically reflect totals computed on each wo Print the Summary page. Make a back-up copy of this completed workbook.

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Top Tips 1

Color Scheme: Labels:

2 3

Click on "Twisties" 6 4 to expand and collapse sections. To add another data entry row, select the row you want duplicated, and click on the "Add a Row" Button. A ne

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Help Warnings

Enter data green cells

Optional data entry light blue cells

Auto calculated value in gray cells

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4 5 6

layout and formulas will be inserted beneath the row you selected. Be sure to change the user-supplied values! Navigate from one spreadsheet to another using the tabs at the bottom of your screen. To print in black and white (without shadings) check the appropriate box in the Sheet tab of the Page Setup com To fit the active section of the workbook to your screen, adjust the zoom percentage shown in the Stardard icon

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Acknowledgements

This workbook was developed by David Cross of RPM Systems, The RETEC Group, Inc., with contributions from Pankaj Bhatia/WRI, Michael Gillenwater/US-EPA, Vincent Camobreco/US-EPA, Matthew Addison/Nexant Inc, a from WRI/WBCSD. All intellectual property rights belong to GHG Protocol Initiative. Please cite the original refere While the workbook is largely self explanatory, for questions or suggestions on workbook mechanics, contact DC For comments on workbook content, contact Pankaj Bhatia at [email protected]. Please visit the GHG Protocol Initiative at www.ghgprotocol.org for other GHG calculation tools.

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rom Mobile Sources

on in Mobile Sources: Guidelines",

amounts of methane (CH4), nitrous oxide assumption that the combustion of carbon mption results in an approximately 1% assumption that by itself would result in a emissions of CH4 and N20 from mobile combustion and N2O has a greater impact on climate than a ors for these emissions are so uncertain, that there on do produce significant amounts of CH4 and N20, ptions is likely to alter results by less than 0.5%,

step, by multiplying their total CO2 emissions to CO2 emissions from combustion varies little

ions based on amount of fuel consumed. ruck kilometers traveled. Companies should use the ailable, it is usually more reliable than distance data. uel composition varies less than vehicle efficiency). uel use' worksheet to calculate fuel consumption.

and/or indirect CO2 emissions from mobile sources. if custom emission factors are not available. ur fuel records are not accurate, it is of the equipment and technology you are operating. tates and/or Europe, and may erage number of passengers per vehicle.

have both direct and indirect emissions,

cal default emission factors or they vary widely by country. optional values in cells shaded light blue. To add a data Row button. A new row will be inserted below

t totals computed on each worksheet.

Auto calculated value in gray cells

Default values light yellow cells

he "Add a Row" Button. A new row with the same

ge the user-supplied values!

et tab of the Page Setup command in the File Menu. shown in the Stardard icon bar.

p, Inc., with contributions from Gwen Parker/WRI, tthew Addison/Nexant Inc, and project team members Please cite the original reference whenever using this tool. book mechanics, contact [email protected].

Part 1. Emissions Calculated from Fuel Used: All Modes of Transport

Home/Summary

Note: Use this worksheet to calculate your emissions from amount of fuel consumed. A

Source Description

B

C D Fuel used Type of Fuel Used

Optional Calculator

E1 E2 F Energy used GJ per Fuel Unit GJ energy

I Emissions metric tonnes

Amount of

Fuel

Fuel

Default

Custom

Used

Default

Custom

H =FxG/1000

fuel used

Units

Type

GJ/unit

GJ/unit

F=BxE

kg CO2/GJ

CO2/GJ

Metric ton CO2

Road transportation Sample fleet

G1 G2 Emissions Factor kg CO2 per GJ

0.00 30,000.00 US gals

Gasoline

US gals

Gasoline

US gals

Gasoline

US gals

Gasoline

US gals

Gasoline

Imp. gals

Gasoline

litres

Gasoline

litres

Gasoline

Metric tonnes

Gasoline

US gals

Diesel

Imp. gals

Diesel

litres

Diesel

Metric tonnes

Diesel

lbs.

CNG

kg

CNG

lbs.

LPG

kg

LPG

US gals

LPG

litres

LPG

0.13 0.13

3,906.12

0.13 0.13 0.13

0.00

0.16 0.03 0.03

0.00

43.57 0.14 0.17

0.00

0.04 44.17 0.0228

0.00

0.0523 0.0209 0.0460

0.00

0.0942 0.0249

0.00

0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

30 = litres per 100 km

0.0

69.250 69.250

270.5

69.250 69.250 69.250

0.0

69.250 69.250 69.250

0.0

69.250 74.010 74.010

0.0

74.010 74.010 56.06

0.0

56.06 63.2000 63.2000

0.0

63.2000 63.2000

0.0

0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Rail transportation

0.00

0.0

Water transportation

0.00

0.0

Aircraft

0.00

0.0

0.0

0.0

Total NOTES

1,000 = Distance traveled 0 = miles per gallon OR 300 litres used

Part 2. Emissions Calculated from Distance Traveled, All Modes of Transport

Home/Summary

Note: Use this worksheet to calculate your emissions if you have activity data only for the distance travelled. A

B

C Transportation Activity Amount

Source Description

Transport description

E1 E2 F CO2 emissions kg CO2 per unit Total emissions Default

Activity

Activity unit

Custom

CO2/unit

CO2/unit

metric tonnes

Vehicle fuel efficiency miles per gallon

24

liters /100 km

3.9

F = CxE/1000

Road transportation activity Measurements in Miles:

kg CO2

Optional Calculator

D

of

Gas Diesel 0.38 0.43 kg CO2 per mile 0.09 0.11 kg CO2 pr km

0.0 Note: Gallons are US Gallons

4.2 l/100km

vehicle miles

0.1610

0.0

small gas auto 29 mpg

hybrid auto

8.1 l/100km

vehicle miles

0.3109

0.0

med gas auto 23 mpg

56 mpg

10.2 l/100km

vehicle miles

0.3920

0.0

large gas auto 19 mpg

12.4 l/100km

vehicle miles

0.4746

0.0

vehicle miles

0.2865

0.0

9.8 l/100km

vehicle miles

0.4330

0.0

16.8 l/100km

vehicle miles

0.6440

0.0

LPG automobile diesel auto

24 mpg

gas light truck

14 mpg

gas heavy truck 6 mpg

39.2 l/100km

vehicle miles

1.5028

0.0

diesel light truck 15 mpg

15.7 l/100km

vehicle miles

0.6928

0.0

diesel heavy truck 7 mpg

33.6 l/100km

vehicle miles

1.4847

0.0

light motorcycle 60 mpg

3.9 l/100km

vehicle miles

0.1503

0.0

your vehicle

0.0

See calculator above to obtain kg per mile

0.0

from fuel efficiency

hybrid auto 56 mpg

4.2 l/100km

passenger miles

0.0895

0.0

small gas auto 29 mpg

8.1 l/100km

passenger miles

0.1727

0.0

med gas auto 23 mpg

10.2 l/100km

passenger miles

0.2178

0.0

large gas auto 19 mpg

12.4 l/100km

passenger miles

0.2636

0.0

passenger miles

0.1591

0.0

9.8 l/100km

passenger miles

0.2406

0.0

16.8 l/100km

passenger miles

0.3578

0.0

LPG automobile diesel auto

24 mpg

gas light truck

14 mpg

gas heavy truck 6 mpg

39.2 l/100km

passenger miles

0.8349

0.0

diesel light truck 15 mpg

15.7 l/100km

passenger miles

0.3849

0.0

diesel heavy truck 7 mpg

33.6 l/100km

passenger miles

0.8248

0.0

light motorcycle 60 mpg

3.9 l/100km

passenger miles

0.0835

0.0

bus (diesel)- long distance

passenger miles

0.0781

0.0

bus (diesel)- urban transit

passenger miles

0.2997

0.0

road freight

short ton miles

0.1033

0.0

(other car mpg below)

0.0

Measurements in Kilometers: hybrid auto 56 mpg

4.2 l/100km

vehicle kilometers

0.1001

0.0

small gas auto 29 mpg

8.1 l/100km

vehicle kilometers

0.1932

0.0

med gas auto 23 mpg

10.2 l/100km

vehicle kilometers

0.2436

0.0

large gas auto 19 mpg

12.4 l/100km

vehicle kilometers

0.2949

0.0

vehicle kilometers

0.1780

0.0

LPG automobile diesel auto

9.8 l/100km

vehicle kilometers

0.2691

0.0

14 mpg

24 mpg

16.8 l/100km

vehicle kilometers

0.4002

0.0

0 gas heavy truck 6 mpg

39.2 l/100km

vehicle kilometers

0.9338

0.0

0 diesel light truck 15 mpg

15.7 l/100km

vehicle kilometers

0.4305

0.0

0 diesel heavy truck 7 mpg

33.6 l/100km

vehicle kilometers

0.9226

0.0

0 light motorcycle 60 mpg

3.9 l/100km

vehicle kilometers

0.0934

0.0

hybrid auto 56 mpg

4.2 l/100km

passenger kilometers

0.0556

0.0

small gas auto 29 mpg

8.1 l/100km

passenger kilometers

0.1073

0.0

0 gas light truck

your vehicle

0.0

See calculator above to obtain kg per km

0.0

from fuel efficiency

med gas auto 23 mpg

10.2 l/100km

passenger kilometers

0.1353

0.0

large gas auto 19 mpg

12.4 l/100km

passenger kilometers

0.1638

0.0

passenger kilometers

0.0989

0.0

passenger kilometers

0.1495

0.0

LPG automobile diesel auto

24 mpg

gas light truck

9.8 l/100km

14 mpg

16.8 l/100km

passenger kilometers

0.2223

0.0

gas heavy truck 6 mpg

39.2 l/100km

passenger kilometers

0.5188

0.0

diesel light truck 15 mpg

15.7 l/100km

passenger kilometers

0.2392

0.0

diesel heavy truck 7 mpg

33.6 l/100km

passenger kilometers

0.5125

0.0

light motorcycle 60 mpg

3.9 l/100km

passenger kilometers

0.0519

0.0

bus (diesel)- long distance

0 passenger kilometers

0.0485

0.0

bus (diesel)- urban transit

0 passenger kilometers

0.1862

0.0 0.0

road freight

Metric tonne kilometers

0.0720

diesel locomotive

passenger miles

0.1719

0.0

Rail transportation

0.0 0.0

diesel locomotive

short ton miles

0.0287

0.0

diesel locomotive

passenger kilometers

0.1068

0.0

diesel locomotive

Metric tonne kilometers

0.0200

0.0

electric locomotive

passenger miles

0.3437

0.0

electric locomotive

short ton miles

0.0574

0.0

electric locomotive

passenger kilometers

0.2136

0.0

electric locomotive

Metric tonne kilometers

0.0400

0.0

coal locomotive

passenger miles

0.2238

0.0

coal locomotive

short ton miles

0.0374

0.0

coal locomotive

passenger kilometers

0.1391

0.0

coal locomotive UK Rail

Metric tonne kilometers

0.0260

0.0

passenger miles

0.0966

0.0

UK Rail

passenger kilometers

0.0600

0.0

US Intercity Rail (e.g. Amtrak)

passenger miles

0.1909

0.0

US Intercity Rail (e.g. Amtrak)

passenger kilometers

0.1186

0.0

US Transit Rail (e.g subway, tram)

passenger miles

0.1604

0.0

US Transit Rail (e.g subway, tram)

passenger kilometers

0.0997

0.0

US Commuter Rail

passenger miles

0.1649

0.0

US Commuter Rail

passenger kilometers

0.1025

0.0

Canadian Rail

passenger miles

0.1662

0.0

Canadian Rail

passenger kilometers

0.1033

0.0 0.0

Boat Water transportation transportation Aircraft

0.0 (distance figures are for one-stop flights, in land miles, not nautical miles- check your source)

0.0

short haul (994 miles

passenger land miles

0.1770

0.0

1 passenger land miles

0

short haul (994 miles

short ton land miles

0.8320

0.0

0 tons

0

short haul (994 miles

passenger land km

0.1100

0.0

1 passenger land miles

0

short haul (994 miles

Metric tonne kilometers

0.5700

0.0

0 metric tons

flight of 300 km

186 miles

passenger land km

0.2180

0.0

1 passenger land miles

flight of 900 km

559 miles

passenger land km

0.1420

0.0

1 passenger land miles

nonstop flight 2719 km

1690 miles

passenger land km

0.1170

0.0

1 passenger land miles

0 passenger land km

0.1170

0.0

1 passenger land miles

See more factors below

0 0

Last row above totals enter no data here

Total for indirect emissions calculated from distance traveled

Emissions factors for rail travel Type of Train kg CO 2 per passenger km

0 0 0 0 =??*N98*O98

0.0

0.0

UK Rail1

0.0600

kg CO 2 per passenger mile 0.0966

1 km equals

0.62 miles

US Intercity Rail2 (i.e., Amtrak)

0.1186

0.1909

1 mile equals

1.61 km

US Transit Rail3 (e.g., subway, tram)

0.0997

0.1604

US Commuter Rail4

0.1025

0.1649

Canadian Rail5

0.1033

0.1662

To convert from lbs to kg, multiply by 0.45

1. Source: Railtrack http://www.railtrack.co.uk/our_business/environment/benefits_of_rail/index.cfm gives annual passenger-miles and tonnes of CO2. 2. Sources: TEDB = Transportation Energy Data Book: Edition 22, 2002. Table 2.11 and A16. http://www-cta.ornl.gov/data/ EIA = Energy Information Administration, Emissions of Greenhouse Gases in the United States 2000, Appendix B, Table B1 3.Sources: TEDB = Transportation Energy Data Book, Edition 22- 2002, Table 2.11 and Table A.15. Available at http://www-cta.ornl.gov/data. EIA = ftp://ftp.eia.doe.gov/pub/oiaf/1605/cdrom/pdf/e-supdoc.pdf, page 5. Note: transit rail is defined as light and heavy rail. For definitions, please see http://www.apta.com/info/define/mode.htm 4. Source: TEDB = Transportation Energy Data Book: Edition 22, 2002. Table 2.11 and A14 http://www-cta.ornl.gov/data/ EIA = Energy Information Administration, Emissions of Greenhouse Gases in the United States 2000, Appendix B, Table B1 Note: commuter rail is defined at http://www.apta.com/info/define/mode.htm. A list of agencies that are considered commuter rail can be found at http://www.apta.com/stats/modesumm/cragency.htm 5. Source: Canada’s Climate Change Voluntary Challenge and Registry Inc. (VCR Inc.), 2002. An Action Plan for Reducing Greenhouse Gas Emissions. P 12. www.vcr-mvr.ca. Please note units are in CO2-eq.

Air Travel factors for flights with different distances

[Based on Emission Factors provided by DEFRA (Table 9, Environmental Reporting - Guidelines for Company Reporting on GHG Emissions) for short haul and long haul flights]

Passenger calculations for bus travel based on ridership Average miles per gallon, 6.7

(DEFRA & US - DOT)

per US DOT table VM1, 1999

10 kg CO2/gallon (DEFRA says 9.99, a lower estimate than some others) AverageAssumed intercity

Assumed urban 6

6.7

9

Grams CO2/mile, per bus

2500.0

1666.7

1492.5

1111.1

g/ psgr Mile, 5 pasengers

500.0

333.3

298.5

222.2

g/ psgr Mile, 10 pasengers

250.0

166.7

149.3

111.1

g/ psgr Mile, 15 pasengers

166.7

111.1

99.5

74.1

inter-city: 48.5 g CO2 per passenger km

g/ psgr Mile, 20 pasengers

125.0

83.3

74.6

55.6

urban: 186.2 g CO2 per passenger km

Miles per gallon:

g/ psgr Mile, 30 pasengers g/ psgr km, 5 pasengers

4

83.3

55.6

49.8

37.0

310.7

207.1

185.5

138.1

g/ psgr km, 10 pasengers

155.3

103.6

92.7

69.0

g/ psgr km, 15 pasengers

103.6

69.0

61.8

46.0

g/ psgr km, 20 pasengers

77.7

51.8

46.4

34.5

g/ psgr km, 30 pasengers

51.8

34.5

30.9

23.0

Miles per gallon for typical vehicles, EPA/USA Other default emission factors are from: IPCC. 1997. Revised 1996 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories: Reference Manual

shaded cells approximate estimates derived from Btu/passenger mile estimates from US DOT

Conversion Factors and General References For most activities, the reporting worksheets include all the detail needed including default emission factors. The tables given below are provided as a general resource for those users w ho may wish to develop custom factors, or trace the derivation of factors given.

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Energy and Weight Volume Conversions Distance Factors and Conversions Table 3 Linear Measure: English Unit Metric Units 1 inch = 1000 mil = 2.54 centimeters (cm) 1 foot (ft) = 12 inches = 30.48 cm or 1 yard = 36 inches = 91.44 cm or 1 mile = 5280 ft = 1.61 kilometers (km) or 1 nautical mile = 1.149 miles = 1.85 kilometers (km) To convert liters per 100 km to miles per gallon, invert (liters per 100 km/3.785/100*1.6093) [gallons per liter * km per mile] To convert miles per gallon to liters per 100 km, divide 100 by (mpg/3.785*1.6093)

0.3 meters (M)

0.91 meters (M) 0.87 nautical miles (nm)

Converting Energy Units (worksheet) Table 4 Megajoule

Convert fuel use from Btus Tonne oil

(MJ) 1 x 10

Fuel type Sample

-3

To Gigajoule

Kilowatt

equivalent (toe)

hours (kWh)

1.05506 x 10 -6

41.86

3.6 x 10 -3

240.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

(GJ)

0.000253 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000

Sources: International Energy Annual, 1998 http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/iea/convheat.html BP Group Reporting Guidelines, 2000

Converting Mass Units (worksheet) Table 5 Convert fuel use from Short tons Long tons

Pounds (lb)

0.91

1.02

4.5359 x 10 -4

0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

To Metric tons

Fuel type 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000

Sources: International Energy Annual, 1998 http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/iea/convheat.html BP Group Reporting Guidelines, 2000

Emissions Factors for Electricity Summary of English to Metric conversions Transportation Fuels Emissions Factors Table 9 Emission factors in blue shaded columns are from IPCC, 1999, Volume 2, Section 1, if not otherwise noted. Heating values in blue shaded columns are from API, 2001, if not otherwise noted. Values in other columns is derived arithmatically except as commente Fuel type Lower heat value (derived) (derived) (derived) (derived) (derived) Typical density kg CO2/tonne IEA kg CO2 / GJ GJ / liter (API, 2001) GJ/ US gallon GJ/Imp Gal GJ/tonne kgCO2/liter kgCO2/US gal lb / gal (API, 2001) Density* (UK DETR) (IPCC, 1999) Gasoline / petrol 69.25 0.0344 0.1302 0.1564 43.5674 2.3822 9.0166 6.59 0.739 t/m3 3135 Kerosene 71.45 0.0357 0.1351 0.1623 44.0768 2.5508 9.6546 6.76 3150 Jet Fuel 70.72 (EIA) 44.5900 0.780 t/m3 10.009 Aviation gasoline 69.11 (EIA) 0.0343 0.1299 0.1561 2.3774 8.9984 Diesel 74.01 0.0371 0.1404 0.1687 44.1667 2.7458 10.3927 7.49 0.840 t/m3 3142 Distillate fuel oil No.1 74.01 0.0371 0.1404 0.1687 43.9211 2.7458 10.3927 7.05 3142 Distillate fuel oil No.2 74.01 0.0371 0.1404 0.1687 43.9211 2.7458 10.3927 7.05 3142 Residual Fuel oil#4 74.01 0.0379 0.1435 0.1723 2.8050 10.6168 3142 Residual Fuel oil#5 77.30 0.0397 0.1503 0.1805 39.9535 3.0688 11.6154 8.29 0.930 t/m3 3117 Residual Fuel oil#6 77.30 0.0405 0.1533 0.1841 40.7586 3.1307 11.8495 8.29 0.930 t/m3 3117 LPG 63.20 0.0249 0.0942 0.1132 45.9779 1.5737 5.9564 4.52 Lubricants 73.28 0.0382 Anthracite 98.30 0.02860 GJ / kg 28.6000 1747.30 Bituminous coal 94.53 0.03023 GJ/kg 30.2300 2236.80 Butane 0.0258 4.84 (liquid) 1685.50 Propane 62.99 (EIA) 0.0240 47.3373 4.24 (liquid) 0.507 t/m3 Sub-bituminous coal 96.00 Wood, wood waste 100.44 (EIA) 1730.00 0.039 GJ / standard Natural gas 56.06 0.673 t/m3 cubic meter API, 2001(for heating Source: IPCC IEA (UK DETR) values) (unless noted) Density:: International Energy Annual, 1998 Technical http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/iea/convheat.html Data on Fuel, 1977, J.W. Rose; J.R. Cooper

d.

Coal, GJ per tonne by country Converting from Miles per Gallon to grams CO2 per km, also Liters per 100 km Table 11 9.02 kg CO2/gallon gas 10.39 kg CO2/gallon diesel A B Miles per Kg CO2 gallon per mile 9.016627/A 4 2.2542 5 1.8033 6 1.5028 7 1.2881 8 1.1271 9 1.0018 10 0.9017 11 0.8197 12 0.7514 13 0.6936 14 0.6440 15 0.6011 16 0.5635 17 0.5304 18 0.5009 19 0.4746 20 0.4508 21 0.4294 22 0.4098 23 0.3920 24 0.3757 25 0.3607 26 0.3468 27 0.3339 28 0.3220 29 0.3109 30 0.3006 31 0.2909 32 0.2818 33 0.2732 34 0.2652 35 0.2576 36 0.2505 37 0.2437 38 0.2373 39 0.2312 40 0.2254 41 0.2199 42 0.2147 43 0.2097 44 0.2049 45 0.2004 46 0.1960 47 0.1918 48 0.1878 49 0.1840 50 0.1803 51 0.1768 52 0.1734 53 0.1701 54 0.1670 55 0.1639 56 0.1610 57 0.1582 58 0.1555 59 0.1528 60 0.1503 61 0.1478 62 0.1454 63 0.1431 64 0.1409 65 0.1387 66 0.1366 67 0.1346

C G CO2 per mile x 1000 2254.2 1803.3 1502.8 1288.1 1127.1 1001.8 901.7 819.7 751.4 693.6 644.0 601.1 563.5 530.4 500.9 474.6 450.8 429.4 409.8 392.0 375.7 360.7 346.8 333.9 322.0 310.9 300.6 290.9 281.8 273.2 265.2 257.6 250.5 243.7 237.3 231.2 225.4 219.9 214.7 209.7 204.9 200.4 196.0 191.8 187.8 184.0 180.3 176.8 173.4 170.1 167.0 163.9 161.0 158.2 155.5 152.8 150.3 147.8 145.4 143.1 140.9 138.7 136.6 134.6

See transport fuels emissions factors above 2.38 kg CO2/ liter gas for CO2/gallon sources 2.75 kg CO2/ liter diesel D E F G Km per Gas Diesel Liters per mile g CO2/km g CO2/km 100 km col E x= 10.392743235/9.016627 C/D To convert miles per gallon to liters per 100 km, divide 100 by (mpg/3.785*1.6093) 1.61 1401 1,614.5 58.8 Shaded table to left is used as 1.61 1121 1,291.6 47.0 basis of values in worksheet 1.61 934 1,076.3 39.2 for distance traveled by vehicles. 1.61 800 922.6 33.6 1.61 700 807.2 29.4 1.61 623 717.5 26.1 1.61 560 645.8 23.5 1.61 509 587.1 21.4 1.61 467 538.2 19.6 1.61 431 496.8 18.1 1.61 400 461.3 16.8 1.61 374 430.5 15.7 1.61 350 403.6 14.7 1.61 330 379.9 13.8 1.61 311 358.8 13.1 1.61 295 339.9 12.4 1.61 280 322.9 11.8 1.61 267 307.5 11.2 1.61 255 293.5 10.7 1.61 244 280.8 10.2 1.61 233 269.1 9.8 1.61 224 258.3 9.4 1.61 215 248.4 9.0 1.61 208 239.2 8.7 1.61 200 230.6 8.4 1.61 193 222.7 8.1 1.61 187 215.3 7.8 1.61 181 208.3 7.6 1.61 175 201.8 7.3 1.61 170 195.7 7.1 1.61 165 189.9 6.9 1.61 160 184.5 6.7 1.61 156 179.4 6.5 1.61 151 174.5 6.4 1.61 147 169.9 6.2 1.61 144 165.6 6.0 1.61 140 161.4 5.9 1.61 137 157.5 5.7 1.61 133 153.8 5.6 1.61 130 150.2 5.5 1.61 127 146.8 5.3 1.61 125 143.5 5.2 1.61 122 140.4 5.1 1.61 119 137.4 5.0 1.61 117 134.5 4.9 1.61 114 131.8 4.8 1.61 112 129.2 4.7 1.61 110 126.6 4.6 1.61 108 124.2 4.5 1.61 106 121.8 4.4 1.61 104 119.6 4.4 1.61 102 117.4 4.3 1.61 100 115.3 4.2 1.61 98 113.3 4.1 1.61 97 111.3 4.1 1.61 95 109.5 4.0 1.61 93 107.6 3.9 1.61 92 105.9 3.9 1.61 90 104.2 3.8 1.61 89 102.5 3.7 1.61 88 100.9 3.7 1.61 86 99.4 3.6 1.61 85 97.8 3.6 1.61 84 96.4 3.5

Miles per Gallon, US cars and small trucks, by year Table 12 to 15 are from National Transportation Statistics, 2000, Bureau of Transportation Statistics, USA http://www.bts.gov/btsprod/nts/Ch4_web/4-23.htm ...v/ntda/nts/NTS99/data/Chapter4/4-23.html Table 12 See also: Average Fuel Efficiency of U.S. Passenger Cars and Light Trucks http://www.bts.gov/ntda/nts/NTS99/ch4index.html Average U.S. passenger car fuel efficiency, Miles per gallon Transp Energy Data book: http://www-cta.ornl.gov/data/tedb20/Index.html (mpg) (calendar year) 1980 1985 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 Passenger car 15.9 17.4 20.2 21.1 21 20.5 20.7 21.1 21.2 Other 2-axle 4-tire vehicle 12.2 14.3 16.1 17 17.3 17.4 17.3 17.3 17.2 New vehicle fuel efficiency (mpg)a (model year) Light-duty vehicle (passenger cars plus light trucks) Domestic 21.4 24 23.9 24.4 23.9 24.3 23.7 23.8 24.1 Imported 28.6 30.3 28.5 28.4 27.9 28.1 27.7 27.9 27.7 Passenger car Domestic 22.6 26.3 26.9 27.3 27 27.8 27.5 27.7 28.3 Imported 29.6 31.5 29.9 30.1 29.2 29.6 29.6 30.3 29.7 Light truck (