m.n roy

DEPARTMENT OF LAW

PRESTIGE

Presentation on M.N Roy

Presented By:Mradul Jain

Life Sketch 

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M. N. Roy was prominent Indian philosopher of a twentieth century. He started his career as a militant political activist and left India in 1915 in search of arms for organizing an insurgence against British rule in India. He was also a great speaker, who had a very distinct and dynamic style; and he had written huge number of texts. Roy was a creator of the Mexican Communist Party and the Communist Party of India. He was also a representative to congresses of the Communist International and Russia's aide to China.

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Roy recognized that the congress was "the leader of the movement for national liberation" and appealed for the adoption of a liberal economic program dedicated to enhance the standard of living of the disadvantaged workers and peasants. The manifesto stated that only by working for the economic  betterment of the masses, the congress hope to gain their support in the struggle for independence and thus become a real mass movement. Roy was harshly critical of the exploitation of workers' turbulence by the nationalist for their political aim. He urged the Indian National Congress to procure the support of the workers and peasants by including the redress of their immediate grievances in its programmed.

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The groundwork of the Communist Party of India was significant event in the country's political life and played an immense role in stimulating the struggle of the Indian people for national freedom and social advancement. M.N.Roy wanted to make the communist party of India as a legal and national political party like the Congress and Swaraj parties. Roy conversed the matter with Singaravelu who had already formed a Labour and Kisan party of Hindustan in Madras.  According to Roy, main task of the party was to fight for freedom and the demand of social liberation was a secondary. The question of national liberation was primary because "the release of all the forces of social production is the first step towards the ultimate realization of our programme which is the end of class domination."

Roy’s Humanism 

Roy was a born revolutionary. He was influenced by Marxists when stayed in USA. He was one of the learned person of Marxist in world. Later on, some differences arose between Roy and Stalin and Roy  was criticized as a revisionist. With time, Roy  became critic of Marxist. In later years, he transformed his philosophy from Marxism to radical humanism which was called new humanism. It was great contribution of Roy in the arena of modern Indian political thought. The uttermost piece of his original work which is planned to be man's ultimate fulfillment is New Humanism.

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The basic elements of New Humanism arc three: rationality, morality and freedom  As a rational creature man is involved in a struggle for material existence. This struggle takes two forms —at the savage plane it signifies the satisfaction of his mundane  wants and at the higher plane, it signifies his struggle for freedom. Freedom of the individual is one of the central themes of Roy’s scientific politics.  Apart from Roy’s effort to trace the quest for freedom and search for truth to the biological struggle for existence, the basic idea of the first three theses of Roy is: individualism.

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 According to Roy, the central idea of the TwentyTwo Theses is that “political philosophy must start from the basic idea, that the individual is prior to society, and that freedom can be enjoyed only by individuals”. Quest for freedom and search for truth, according to Roy, constitute the basic urge of human progress. The purpose of all-rational human endeavor, individual as well as collective, is attainment of freedom in ever increasing measure.

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Morality( नैितिका ), which emanates from the rational desire for harmonious and mutually beneficial social relations, is rooted in the innate rationality( िचेना ) of human beings.  According to Roy, human beings are moral, because they are rational.

 चेतना   जीवधारयो म यो के औ अपने आसपास के

 िवाावण के िो का बध हने  उ समझने िथा उनकी िबाो  का मूाोकन कने की श का नाम है! ,

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New Humanism of Roy aims at instilling a sense of primacy of values and the urge for eternal freedom. Roy described that democracy would be efficacious only when spiritually free individuals assume the conduct of public affairs. He strongly believed in the greatest good of the greatest number that can be accomplished only when members of the government are responsible in the first place to their respective morality.

Roy’s Disagreements with Marxism 

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 According to Roy, the materialism of Marx was dogmatic and unscientific and neglected the creative role of the human subject. Though the movement through thesis and anti-thesis appears to be a logical argumentation, according to Roy, it is ridiculous to state that matter and forces of production move dialectically. He strongly believed that the dialectic materialism is materialistic only in name it is essentially idealistic in nature. Roy strongly believed that the Marxian interpretation of history is defective because it allowed no role to mental activity in the social process. History can never be interpreted solely with reference to materialistic objectivism.The intelligence of human beings and their cumulative actions are  very powerful social forces.

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Roy criticized the economic interpretation of history as envisaged by Marx. According to Roy, prior to man becoming an economic being, he was driven by biological needs in satisfying his quest for economic amenities. Early anthropological studies revealed that of early activities and struggles of human beings revolved around finding means to subsistence. These activities were driven by biological urges of human beings and not economic. Roy criticized the concept of sociology of class struggle. Though there are a number of social classes and despite the presence of tension among these classes, they are all operating in a cohesive manner. Further, the failure of contemporary( समकालीन ) society to get bifurcated into antithetical polarized( तवधी ुवीकण ) sectors as prophesied in the Communist Manifesto raised additional queries about the Marxist thesis.

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Marx proved to be a complete failure with his prediction that the middle class would disappear. In fact, the expansion of economic process also leads to the increase in the number of the middle class. Further, the cultural and political leadership of the middle class is a patent fact of the post-World War I period.