Mixed Cost

 

  Jgst

‫عإكو‬

i`cnvfgr

Hfx`m Jgst5 N jgst tcnt stnys tc` snb` fd tgtnl ns gutput jcnda`s fs n hfx`m jgst iut vnrf`s p`r udft fdv`rs`ly.

 

N vnrfnil` jgst fs n jgst tcnt, fd tgtnl, vnrf`s fd mfr`jt prgpgrtfgd tg jcnda`s fd gutput g utput iut hfx`m p`r udft.  

Z]@_ JGZ]    Zt`p-jgsts `xcfift n mfsjgdtfdugus mf sjgdtfdugus i`cnvfgr pntt`rd. ▯ Zt`p-jgsts nr` jgdstndt hgr n j`rtnfd rnda` gh gutput, tc`d eubp tg ndgtc`r l`v`l, r`bnfdfda jgdstndt nanfd gv`r n j`rt `rtnfd rn rndd ` gghh gguut ut  ▯

Bfx`m Jgst

N bfx`m jgst  fs n jgst tcnt cns igtc n hfx`m

]gtnl Jgst 2 Hfx`m Hfx`m Jgst + Xnrfnil` Jgst p`r udft x Njtfvfty L`v`l

nd ndm m n vnrf vnrfnil nil`` jgb gd` gd`dt. dt.

V 2 n +

i

S

Jnpnjfty nbgudt gh nd njtfvfty n jgbpndy jnd p`rhgrb _rnjtfjnl Jnpnjfty tc` l`v`l nt wcfjc n jgbpndy jnd p`rhgrb `hhfjf`dtly. Hl`xfil` r`sgurj`s nr` r`sgurj`s njqufr`m ns us`m ndm d``m`m.

(MB) (^undtfty supplf`m 2 ^undtfty m`bndm`m 2 dg `xj`ss jnpnjfty)

Jgbbftt`m r`sgurj`s nr` supplf`m fd nmvndj` gh usna`. (Iuyfda gr l`nsfda n iuflmfda), (^undtfty supplf`m su pplf`m ≯ ^undtfty m`bndm`m 2 `xj`ss jnpnjfty)

Fd tcfs `quntfgd, V 2 ]c` tgtnl bfx`m jgst (m`p`dm`dt vnrfnil`) n 2 ]c` tgtnl hfx`m jgst (tc` v`rtfjnl fdt`rj`pt gh tc` lfd`) i 2 ]c` vnrfnil` jgst p`r udft gh njtfvfty (tc` slgp` gh tc` lfd`) S 2 ]c` l`v`l gh njtfvfty (Fdm`p`dm`dt Xnrf Xn rfni nil` l`

Hfx`m jgst hudjtfgd (V 2 n) Xnrfnil` jgst hudjtfgd (V 2 i S) Bfx`m Jgst Hudjtfgd ( V 2 n + i S)

Fm`dtfhyfda tc` hfx`m ndm Xnrfnil` `l`b`dts gh Bfx`m jgst >>-   Zjntt`r arnpcfda. 99-   Cfac ‚ Lgw b`tcgm. ::-   Y`ar`ssfgd ndnlysfs. ---------------------------------------------------------   --------------------------------------------------------

Cfac  Lgw B`tcgm Y`vf`w _rgil`b >5 Cfac-Lgw B`tcgm  ‚

]c` nmbfdfstrntgr gh Nznl`n Cflls Cgspftnl wgulm lfk` n jgst hgrbuln lfdkfda tc` nmbfdfstrntfv` jgsts fdvglv`m fd nmbfttfda nmb fttfda pntf`dts tg tc` dubi`r gh pntf`dts nmbftt`m murfda n bgdtc. ]c` Nmbfttfda M`pnrtb`dt‖s jgsts ndm tc` dubi`r gh pntf`dts nmbftt`m murfda tc` fbb`mfnt`ly pr`j`mfda `fact bgdtcs nr` afv`d fd tc` hgllgwfda tnil`5

Y`qufr`m5 >. Ps` tc` cfac-lgw b`tcgm tg `stfbnt` tc` hfx`m ndm vnrfnil` jgbpgd`dts gh nmbfttfda jgsts. 9. @xpr`ss tc` hfx`m ndm vnrfnil` jgbpgd`dts gh nmbfttfda jgsts ns n jgst hgrbuln fd tc` hgrb V 2 n + iS.

 

Zglutfgd   >. ]c` hfrst st`p fd f d tc` cfac-lgw b`tcgm fs tg fm`dtfhy tc` p`rfgms gh tc` llgw`st gw`st ndm cfac`st njtfvfty. ]cgs` p`rfgms nr` Dgv`bi`r (>,>?? pntf`dts nmbftt`m) ndm Eud` (>,6?? pntf`dts nmbftt`m). 9- ]c` s`jgdm st`p fs tg t g jgbput` tc` vnrfnil` jgst p`r udft usfda tcgs` twg mntn pgfdts5

‫ آس‬ 

:- ]c` tcfrm st`p fs tg jgbput` tc` hfx`m jgst `l`b`dt iy m`mujtfda tc` vnrfnil` jgst `l`b`dt hrgb tc` tgtnl jgst nt `ftc`r tc` cfac gr lgw njtfvfty. Fd tc` jgbputntfgd i`lgw, tc` cfac pgfdt gh njtfvfty fs us`m5

@xnbpl` Knylfd Bnduhnjturfda Jgbpndy cns tcr`` snlnrf`m njjgudts pnynil` jl`rks r`spgdsfil` hgr prgj`ssfda purjcns` fdvgfj`s. @njc jl`rk fs pnfm n snlnry gh $:?,??? ndm fs jnpnil` gh prgj`ssfda 0,??? fdvgfj`s p`r y`nr (wgrkfda `hhfjf`dtly). Fd nmmftfgd tg tc` snlnrf`s, Knylfd sp`dms $6,??? p`r y`nr hgr hgrbs, pgstna`, jc`jks, ndm sg gd (nssubfda >0,??? fdvgfj`s nr` prgj`ss`m). Murfda tc` y`nr, >9,0?? fdvgfj`s w`r` w `r` prgj`ss`m. Y`qufr`m

>. Jnljulnt` tc` njtfvfty rnt` hgr tc` purjcns` grm`r njtfvfty. Ir`nk tc` njtfvfty fdtg hfx`m ndm vnrfnil` jgbpgd`dts. 9. Jgbput` tc` tgtnl njtfvfty nvnflniflfty, ndm ir`nk tcfs fdtg njtfvfty usna` ndm udus`m njtfvfty. :. Jnljulnt` tc` tgtnl jgst gh r`sgurj`s supplf`m, ndm ir`nk tcfs fdtg njtfvfty usna` ndm udus`m njtfvfty.

Ndsw`r

@xnbpl` (9)  Kfb Qflsgd, jgdtrgll`r hgr Bnx @dt`rprfs`s, cns m`jfm`m tg `stfbnt` tc` hfx`m ndm vnrfnil` jgbpgd`dts nssgjfnt`m wftc tc` jgbpndy‖s scfppfda njtfvfty. Zc` cns jgll`jt`m tc` hgllgwfda mntn hgr tc` pnst sfx bgdtcs5

 

Y`qufr`m   

>. @stfbnt` tc` hfx`m ndm vnrfnil` jgbpgd`dts hgr tc` scfppfda jgsts usfda tc` cfac-lgw b`tcgm. Psfda tc`  jgst hgrbuln, pr`mfjt tc` tgtnl jgst gh scfppfda fh >= pnjkna`s nr` scfpp`m.

Ndsw`r 

Zjntt`r arnpcfda - Nllgws ygu tg s`` tc` mntn IP] Ft lnjks ndy gie`jtfv` jrft`rfgd hgr jcggsfda tc` i`st-hfttfda lfd`

L`nst Zqunr`s - _`rj`dtna` gh vnrfniflfty fd m`p`dm`dt vnrfnil` `xplnfd`m iy fdm`p`dm`dt vnrfnil`  - Ynda`5 ? ‚ >  - Cfac`r fs i`tt`r 

Bultfpl` Y`ar`ssfgd

- Bultfpl` r`ar`ssfgds us`s 9 gr bgr` fdm`p`dm`dt vnrfnil`s (vnrfnil` jgsts) fd nmmftfgd tg tc` y-fdt`rj`pt (hfx`m jgst) tg `xplnfd tc` m`p`dm`dt vnrfnil`.  Bndna`rfnl Eumab`dt 

- Fs n b`tcgm gh jgst nssfadb`dt us`m tg  M`t`rbfd` hfx`m, vnrfnil` jgst

-- Ps`s bndna`rfnl `xp`rf`dj`    - Ps`s pnst gis`rvntfgd gh jgst r`lntfgdscfps  - ]g r`hfd` stntfstfjnl `stfbntfgd r`sults  - Nmvndtna`5 sfbplfjfty  -Mfsnmvndtna`5 eumab`dt `rrgrs 

 

 

@v`ry Njtfvfty cns5  - ]fb` Cgrfzgd - Y`jgurs`s ( Bnt`rfnl , Lnigr, Jnpftnl)

Znrind`s Gxl`y @dcndj`m tc` rgl` gh tc` bndna`b`dt njjgudtndt iy @stnil nilfsc fscfda fda jgdtr jgdtrgls gls gv` gv`rr bndna`b bndna`b`dt `dt >- @st 9- Ynfsfda fbpgrtndj` gh bndna`b`dt‖s nss`ssb`dt gh fdt`rdnl jgdtrgls  J`rtfhfjntfgds >- Zfadf Zfadfhf`s hf`s tc` tc` njjgudtnd njjgudtndtt cns b`t b`t r`qufr`b`dt r`qufr`b`dtss hgr @mujntf @mujntfgd gd ndm @xp`rf` @xp`rf`dj` dj` 9- Zfadf Zfadfhf`s hf`s tc` tc` njjgudtnd njjgudtndtt cns pnss`m pnss`m n qunlfh qunlfhyfda yfda `xnbfdnt `xnbfdntfgd fgd