MIROS Road Safety Audit PDF

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MIROS Road Safety Audit Report

MRSA 01/2012

Road Safety Audit

Stage 5 Post Audit of T-Junction in Seksyen 26 Jalan Hulu Tinggi 26/6–Jalan Ijuk 26/5– Jalan TP 7/9, Off Jalan Batu Tiga Lama, Shah Alam Selangor

Ramizam Noor Zaman Alvin Poi Mohd Wai Hoong Jamilah Marjan, PhD Muhammad Marizwan Abdul Manan, P Eng Saidatul Amanina Ariffin

 

 

Road Safety Audit Stage 5 Post Audit of T-Junction in Seksyen 26 Jalan Hulu Tinggi 26/6–Jalan Ijuk 26/5– Jalan TP 7/9, Off Jalan Batu Tiga Lama, Shah Alam Selangor

Ramizam Noor Zaman Alvin Poi Wai Hong Jamilah Mohd Marjan, PhD Muhammad Marizwan Abdul Manan, P Eng Saidatul Amanina Arifn

 

MIROS  ©  2012 All Rights Reserved

Published by: Malaysian Institute of Road Safety Research (MIROS) Lot 125-135, Jalan TKS 1, Taman Kajang Sentral, 43000 Kajang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.

For citation purposes

Ramizam Alvin PoiofWH, Jamilah MM, Muhammad Mariz Marizwan wan AM &26/6–Jalan Saidatul AAIjuk (2012), Road Safety Audit: Stage 5NZ, Post Audit T-Junction in Seksyen 26, Jalan Hulu Tinggi 26/5–Jalan TP 7/9, Off Jalan Batu Tiga Lama, Shah Alam, Selangor, MRSA 01/2012, Kuala Lumpur: Malaysian Institute of Road Safety Research.

Printed by: Publications unit, MIROS  Typeface : Verdana Size : 10 pt / 15 pt

DISCLAIMER None of the materials provided in this report may be used, reproduced or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including recording or the use of any information storage and retrieval system, without written permission from MIROS. Any conclusion and opinions in this report may be subject to reevaluation in the event of any forthcoming additional information information or investigations.

 

 Road Safety Audit

Contents Page

List of Tables, Figures and Plates

iv

Acknowledgement

v

Abstract

vii

1.0

Introduction

1

2.0

Objectives

1

3.0

Methodology

2

4.0

Data Collection

3

5.0

Discussion

6

5.1

Encroach Area

6

5.2

Roadside Features

9

5.3

Landscaping

11

5.4

Signage

12

5.5

Road Markings

15

6.0

Conclusion

18

References

19

iii

 

 Road Safety Audit 

List of Tables Page

Table 1

Pre-audit data result

3

Table 2

Post-audit data result

4

Table 3

List of defective items, recommendations and rectications

6

Table 4

Rectication work safety benet

18

List of Figures Figure 1

Vehicle directional ow

4

Figure 2

Improved layout and turning radius

5

Figure 3

Potential conict between trafc from Jalan TP 7/9 and Jalan Ijuk 26/5 and also from Jalan Hulu Tinggi 26/6 and Jalan Ijuk 26/5 has been eliminated

Figure 4 (a) Before – No warning sign installed

8 13

Figure 4 (b) After – Location of warning signs installed at the approach of the junction

14

Figure 5 (a) Before – Poor visibility of road marking

16

Figure 5 (b) After – Improved road marking

17

List of Plates Plate 1

Better and safer manoeuving space for vehicles

Plate 2

Plate (a) shows that the line of sight is obstructed and this has been improved in Plate (b)

Plate 3 Plate 4

7 10

Kerbs were installed to properly segregate pedestrian from motorised trafc

10

Trees permanently removed from the junction

11

 

iv

 

 Road Safety Audit

Acknowledgement The author would like to take this opportunity to convey the highest gratitude to the many people who assisted the production of this report such as the former Director General of MIROS, Prof Dr. Ahmad Farhan Bin Mohd Sadullah and the Director of Road Engineering and Environmental Research Centre of MIROS, Dr Jamilah Binti Mohd Marjan and MIROS’ staff for the support and guidance in publishing this report. Last but not least, the authors would like to acknowledge the Shah Alam City Council (MBSA), Subang Jaya Municipal Council (MPSJ), and other relevant parties which whi ch were involved in rectifying the  junction based on MIROS recommendation recommendation in the effort to make the junction safer to road users. It is hoped that this modest endeavor will continue to become a success in future collaborations between the relevant authorities in contributing to a safer road and road environment.

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 Road Safety Audit

Abstract A pre-audit was performed on 6 August 2008 and a report was sent to the relevant authorities. Recommendations were given to increase the safety level of the junction. A post-audit was then carried out on 4 October 2009 during the off-peak hours at daytime to evaluate the rectication works made at the junction. In the post-audit, the parameters observed and measured were junction layout, roadside features, landscaping, road marking and signage. The 85th percentile speed was determined for 100 vehicles samples and an hour’s worth of video recording was conducted for trafc count and trafc characteristic determination purposes. The objective of this report is to present the immediate safety benet resulting in from the rectication made by the relevant authorities to the junction, based on the recommendations given in the pre-audit report. The rectication safety benets are presented in the discussion chapter. The safety implications of each element that were recommended in the pre-audit report are discussed in this report in terms of the comparison of its condition before and after the upgrading works, together with relevant photos and sketches as evidence to the claims made. This audit found out that trafc ow through the junction has generally increased with heavy vehicles being the major contributor. Conicts are reduced and visibility issues at the junction have been eliminated by layout improvement and the removal of landscape. The installation of road signage and road kerb together with improvements on road markings have made the junction more visible and have assisted in better segregating pedestrians and motorised road users. It can be concluded that the relevant authorities have done the rectication based on the recommendations given in the pre-audit report and the junction has been observed to be safer to road users.

vii

 

 Road Safety Audit

1.0 Introduction A Stage 5 Road Safety Audit was carried out on 6 August 2008 and a report has been published and sent to MBSA and MBSJ for their further actions (Refer to MRSA 01/2009). In the report, recommendations were given to the relevant parties for the purpose of increasing the safety of the junction to road users. The recommendations are as follows: i.

the encroached area to be removed permanently,

ii.

warning and speed signs to be installed appropriately, appropriately,

iii. landscaping, especially trees to be maintained regularly, regularly, iv.. TNB feeder pillar and street lamps at the encroached area to be iv relocated, and v.

pavement markings to be maintained properly at all times.

In response to the pre-audit report, the relevant road authority has carried out rectifying works on the junction. In order to assess the immediate safety benet of the rectication work, a visit to the site was conducted on 4 October 2009 to conduct a post-audit of the site. The team member has made an effort to collect the data for the rectied  junction. The data collected at the site are the new junction layout, trafc volume and speed during a weekday so as to compare it to the data collected in the pre-audit. The same approach used in the pre-audit has been taken. The apparatus that were used are a video camcoder, measuring wheel, measuring tape and laser speed gun.

2.0 Objectives In general, the execution of this safety audit is in line and in accordance with Stage 5 Road Safety Audit (RSA). All procedures involved in the road audit were carried out based on the “Road Safety Audit Guidelines for Safety Audit of Roads and Road Projects in Malaysia” as published by Public Publi c Works Department (PWD) and Road Engineering Association of Malaysia (REAM). The objectives

1

 

 Road Safety Audit 

of this report are to present the immediate safety benet resulting in from the rectication by reviewing the impacts on trafc movements and geometric layouts.

3.0 Methodology Geometrical layout  Traffic flow In situ road marking Pedestrian facilities



Site observation

• • •

Site measurement

• •



Data collection

• •



Discussion

• •

Conclusion and recommendation



Geometric features Cross section

Spot speed  Traffic count  Traffic characteristics

 Traffic flow and and control Geometrical layout Road sign and markings

Safety benefit resulting from rectification

Site observation was conducted during 4 October 2009 site visit. The elements observed were the change in geometrical layout, trafc ow pattern, visibility visibili ty of in situ road marking and pedestrian facilities provided since there is a housing area located in the vicinity. The junction layout was sketched to include road markings and other roadside features introduced after the rectication work. Digital photos were taken as evidence of the claims made in the report.   The junction geometrics and cross section sect ion were measured. The site measurement taken will be incorporated in the junction sketch made earlier in the observation process. The measurement taken may assist in the discussion later.

Data collection was carried out at a similar time of the day so as to come up with a fair comparison between the pre- and the post-audit study. Vehicle spot

2

 

 Road Safety Audit

speed for both direction from Jalan Ijuk 26/6 and Jalan TP 7/9 were taken for 100 samples. Trafc ow was recorded for an hour at the site, trafc count was conducted and trafc characteristics were determined in the ofce lab.

The benets of the rectication work are presented in the discussion chapter. The discussion will look at the impact to the safety of the trafc ow and how the junction geometrical layout, signage, road markings and road side features provide a safer environment to road users at the junction. Finally a conclusion will be drawn based on the discussion. The percentage of the rectication work done to the site as per the recommendation made in the pre-audit will also be evaluated.

4.0 Data Collection The trafc count reveals that there is an increase of 30% in the trafc volume passing through the junction. Data in Table Table 2 shows a signicant change in terms of the trafc composition whereby the volume of two-axle lorries increased by 50% and the three-axle lorry volume has doubled from the previous audit.

 Table  Tab le 1 Pre-audit data result Traffic composition

Traffic count / hour by direction (0900–1000) 1

Car Motorcycle

2

3

4

5

6

 Total  T otal

171 57

0 0

165 66

9 9

12 3

9 3

366 138

Lorry (2-axle)

51

0

54

6

6

0

117

Lorry (3-axle)

6

0

3

0

0

0

9

Van

3

0

18

3

0

0

24

Bus

0

0

3

0

0

0

3

288

0

309

27

21

12

657

 Total  To tal

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 Road Safety Audit 

 Table  Ta ble 2 Post-aud Post-audit it data result Traffic composition

Traffic count / hour by direction (0900–1000) 1

Car

2

3

4

5

6

 Total  To tal

147

9

210

0

9

6

381

Motorcycle

60

3

66

6

6

0

141

Lorry (2-axle)

42

6

102

6

6

9

171

Lorry (3-axle)

3

0

3

0

3

9

18

Van

39

0

93

0

0

0

132

Bus

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

291

18

474

12

24

24

843

 Total  To tal

    Y     R     O     T     C     A     F

Street Lighting

Street Lighting

Street Lighting

  a   a  m   L  

  a    i  g  u  T   t   u   B a

   a n  J a l a

Street Lighting

Fire Hydrant

Street Lighting

Feeder Pillar

Housing Area

Figure 1  1  Vehicle directional flow

4

FACTORY  TNB

 

 Road Safety Audit

The geometric features of the junction have changed signicantly. Figure 2 (a) shows the situation before the improvements while Figure 2 (b) shows the change in the layout that took place. The turning radius has been increased, providing more space for vehicles from Jalan Hulu Tinggi 26/6 turning into Jalan Ijuk 26/5 as shown in the Figures 2 (a) and (b) below.

   r    e     d    r    o     B

    6     /     6     2     I     G     G     N     I     T     U     L     U     H     N     A     L     A     J

Street Lighting

Street Lighting

   y    r    o    t    c    a     F

    A

   M

Street Lighting

   A    L  G A   T     I G  BA  T U JALAN B

Fire Hydrant

JALAN TP 7/9 Street Lighting

JALAN IJUK 26/5 Feeder  Pillar Street Lighting

Fire Hydrant  TNB PPU

FACTORY

Housing Area

(a) Before

    Y     R     O     T     C     A     F

Street Lighting

Street Lighting   a   m

   a  a  L

Street Lighting

 g   T   i g   t u   B a  n B

 a  J a  l a

Street Lighting

Fire Hydrant Feeder  Pillar

Housing Area

(b) After Figure 2  2  Improved layout layout and turning radius

5

Street Lighting FACTORY

 TNB

 

 Road Safety Audit 

5.0 Discussion In this section the before and after effects to the road users will be discussed. In the previous report recommendations that are believed to increase the safety level of road users at the junction were made. In order to evaluate the before and after safety effects of the rectication work to road users, it is necessary to compare the number of work perform to the recommendations made in the pre-audit. Tabulated below is the recommendations made in the earlier report and the rectifying work performed on the junction.

 Table  Tab le 3  3  List of defective items, recommendations and rectifications No 1

Item Jun unct ctio ion n ge geo ome metr tric icaal la layyou outt

Recommendations Encr En croa oach ched ed ar area ea to be rem emo oved

Rectifications Encr En cro oac ache hed d ar area ea rem emo oved

2

Roadside features

Feeder pillar and street lamps to be Feeder pillar and street lamps relocated relocated, barrier road kerb installed

3

Landscaping

Trees at the junction to be removed  Trees at the junction removed and trimmed so as to not obstruct and landscaping is now welldriver’s view maintained

4

Road signage

Warning and speed signage to be ‘Awas’, Warning and ‘Give Way’ placed at appropriate locations signs installed

5

Road marking

Visible pavement markings to be Arrows, edge line, lane line, stop better maintained and made more line and flush island are clearly visible marked

The safety benets to road users due to the junction improvements are explained below.

5.1

Encroach Area

Based on the previous audit, drivers of heavy heav y vehicles may not feel safe driving drivin g through the junction as can be seen in Plate 1(a). The limited space due to the encroachment area somewhat forces them to make an inconvenient lateral movement. The fact that there is not enough space for vehicles to travel abreast past the encroached area also worsens the problem.

6

 

 Road Safety Audit

There are also additional conicts between vehicles at the junction. This is due to the encroachment area which resulted in an additional two new conict points at the T-junction as shown in Figure 2 (a). A normal T-junction normally only has six conicts points whereas this junction has eight conicts points; increasing the risk of collisions between the vehicles. With the removal of the encroached area, the passageway now allows safe movement of the two opposing trafc directions. This is proven by the increase in the trafc count after the rectication. This may give an indication that the removal of the encroachment area has allowed for better and safer manoeuvring through the junction for heavy vehicles (Plate 1). This is true as there is also an evidence of a slight increase in the trafc volume for other vehicles, since the junction now provides better alignment for all vehicles from different approaches. The potential conict points shown in Figure 3(a) have been eliminated due to the improvements. Removal of the encroachment area has straightened the trafc ow path and therefore it can be seen from Figure 3(b) that potential conict points for vehicles coming from Jalan Ijuk 26/6 and Jalan TP 7/9; and also for left-turning vehicles from Jalan Hulu Tinggi 26/5 and Jalan Ijuk 26/6 have totally been eliminated. The risk of head-on and side-swipe collisions which could result from these conict points has been reduced; improving the safety of the junction for road users.

(a) Before Plate 1 1   Better and safer manoeuvring space for vehicles

7

(b) After

 

 Road Safety Audit 

   r    e     d    r    o     B

Street Lighting

Street Lighting

    6     /     6     2     I

   y    r    o    t    c    a     F

    G     G     N     I     T     U     L     U     H     N     A     L     A     J

   a

  m

Street Lighting

   a    L   a

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Fire Hydrant

JALAN TP 7/9 Street Lighting Feeder Pillar

JALAN IJUK 26/5

Street Lighting

Fire Hydrant  TNB PPU

FACTORY

Housing Area

(a)

Before

   y    r    o    t    c    a     F

Street Lighting

Street Lighting

  m a

Street Lighting

   L    a  g a   T    i g B a t u   B  a l a n

J

Street Lighting

Fire Hydrant Feeder  Pillar

Street Lighting FACTORY

 TNB

Housing Area

(b)

After

Figure 3  3  Potential conflict between traffic from Jalan TP 7/9 and Jalan Jalan Ijuk 26/5 and also also from Jalan Jalan Hulu Tinggi 26/6 and Jalan Ijuk 26/5 has been eliminated

8

 

 Road Safety Audit

5.2

Roadside Features

The initial layout of the junction causes the driver line of sight to be obstructed. Plate 2 (a) shows the condition before the junction is rectied. Previously, the line of sight for both sides of the trafc is obstructed due to the presence of a TNB (Tenaga (Tenaga Nasional Berhad) Berha d) feeder pillar and a street lamp at the encroached enc roached area. Therefore vehicles travelling travellin g from Jalan Ijuk 26/5 to Jalan TP 7/9 and vice versa face difculties in anticipating oncoming vehicles from Jalan Ijuk 26/5 or Jalan TP 7/9 which are making a turn into Jalan Hulu Tinggi 26/6. There is an absence of pedestrian walkway that segregates pedestrians from motorised vehicles (Plate 3 (a)). Pedestrians from the residential area along Jalan TP 7/9 are forced to walk on the road since there is no segregating feature that separates them from the vehicles. This environment increases the risk of a collision between pedestrians and the motorised trafc. The visibility around the junction is poor. Plate 3 (a) shows that the road kerb has not been maintained properly; as proven by the faded paint on its surface. This leads to an unclear separation of the road edge from the road side for vehicles approaching the junction; especially during night time. After the road features have been improved, the line of sight has improved for vehicles from Jalan Ijuk 26/5 to Jalan TP 7/9 or vice versa. A clear line of sight is important at this junction for drivers from Jalan TP 7/9 to anticipate oncoming trafc from Jalan Ijuk 26/5 which are making a turn into Jalan Hulu Tinggi 26/6. Smaller vehicle such as motorcycles can be blocked from view by obstructions before the improvements. However, there is a clear view of the turning trafc at this junction after the improvements have been made. The removal of the encroachment area and the relocation of the feeder pillar and street lamp has improved the line of sight of the trafc as can be observed in Plate 2 (b). A roadside kerb has been installed at the approach app roach of the junction (Plate 3 (b)). The safety of pedestrians in the vicinity vicini ty of the junction especially along Jalan TP 7/9 has improved with the use of the kerbs where proper segregation between the motorised trafc and pedestrian exists.

9

 

 Road Safety Audit 

The visibility at the junction has also been increased. The newly-constructed and painted road kerb clearly marks the roadside at the approach of the junction and improves its delineation. Therefore this increases the safety of the vehicles entering and exiting the junction.

(a) Before (b) After Plate 2 2   Plate (a) shows that the line of sight is obstructed and this has been improved in Plate (b)

(a) Before

(b) After

Plate 3  3  Kerbs were installed to properly segregate pedestrian from the motorised traffic

10

 

 Road Safety Audit

5.3

Landscaping

The junction sight distance is blocked by trees planted by the junction as can be seen in Plate 4 (a) below. Drivers from Jalan Hulu Tinggi 26/6 may not have a clear view of the trafc from Jalan Ijuk 26/5 and Jalan TP7/9 when trying to manoeuvre into Jalan TP 7/9 and Jalan Hulu Tinggi 26/6. Prior to the improvements, the presence of trees near the street lights has reduced the amount of light at the junction. Therefore the junction visibility will be affected especially especi ally at night due to the light being blocked by the umbrageous trees. Further to improvement made to the trees, sight distance for drivers coming from Jalan Hulu Tinggi 26/6 has improved due to the junction modications. It can be seen in Plate 4 (b) that the trees have been removed permanently from the junction, giving a clear view of the main trafc. This veries that the new  junction layout has improve improved d the the sight sight distance for vehicles entering from Jalan Hulu Tinggi 26/6. The removal of the trees at the junction has a positive impact on the amount of lighting at the junction at night. The visibility of the junction has also improved and the safety of road users has been increased.

(a) Before

(b) After

Plate 4  4   Trees permanently removed removed from the junction

11

 

 Road Safety Audit 

5.4

Signage

There were no warning signs installed. Figure 4 (a) shows that no signs have been installed at the approach of the junction to caution drivers of the junction and the encroachment area. Drivers may not notice the junction and could end up in single or head on collision. Warning signage has been installed before the approach of the junction after the improvement was made. Signs such suc h as AWAS, warning and give way signs were installed as shown in Figure 4 (b). These signs provide important information to the drivers so that they become aware of the junction ahead and are able to take precautionary measures upon approaching the junction. The presence of these signs are also meant to inform the drivers of the right of way priority.

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 Road Safety Audit

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 Road Safety Audit 

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 Road Safety Audit

5.5

Road Markings

The previous audit shows that road marking at the junction is poorly maintained. maintai ned. The visibility of road marking at the junction can be described as poor, as can be seen in Figure 5 (a). There is no lane marking that could be used by drivers to maintain their lane discipline and there is also no arrow marking to direct vehicles travelling through the junction. The absence of a stop line marking for turning vehicles from Jalan Hulu Tinggi 26/6 into Jalan TP 7/9 and from Jalan Ijuk 26/5 into Jalan Hulu Tinggi 26/6 also makes it worse. After the improvement work, it was observed that arrows, edge lines, lane lines, stop lines and the ush island have been clearly marked as can be seen in Figure 5 (b) and Figure 5 (a) shows the condition before the improvements were made. Due to better markings, lane lan e discipline of the drivers at the junction juncti on has improved. Left-turning vehicles from Jalan Hulu Tinggi 26/6 and Jalan TP 7/9 now have proper channelisation due to the establishment of the ush island at the junction. Right-turning vehicles from Jalan Hulu Tinggi 26/6 are able to stop safely on the marked stop line as compared compare d to the previous condition when there was no stop line marked on the road. In addition, quality road markings has improve the visibility at the junction especially during the night and wet days.

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 Road Safety Audit 

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     a

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 Road Safety Audit

    5     /     6     2     K     U     J     I       N     A     L     A

    J

   t    n    a    r     d    y     H    e    r     i     F

    6     /     6     2     I     G     G     N     I     T     U     L     U     H       N     A     L     A     J

    B     N     T

   y   r   o   t  c  a    F    r    e    r    a     d    l     l    e    i    e    P     F

   t   g    e   n     i    e    r   t    t     h     S   g     i     L

   t   g    n    e     i    t    e    r     h    t    g     S     i     L

   t    g    n    e    i    e    t    r    t    h    g     S    i     L

    a

     m     a    L    a

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      a

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    9     /     7     P     T       N     A     L     A     J

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 Road Safety Audit 

6.0 Conclusion This audit reveals that there denitely are improvements made to the junction which resulted in better safety to the road users. This eventually creates a better and safer junction environment for trafc operation. It can be concluded that the rectication recticati on work has been done based on the overall recommendations given in the pre-audit report. The safety benets benet s with regard to the rectication work done are tabulated below.

 Table  Ta ble 4  4  Rectification work safety benefit No

Rectification work done

Safety benefit

1

Relocation of feeder pillar and street lamp

Improved line of sight

2

Removal of trees at the junction

Improved entering sight distance

3

Removal of encroach area

Elimination of conflict points

4

Inst In stal alla lati tion on of AWAS AS,, wa warn rnin ing g an and d gi give ve wa wayy si sign gnss

Veh ehic icle less pr prio iori rity ty at th the e ju junc ncti tion on

5

Pavement marking made visible

Better lane discipline and delineation

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 Road Safety Audit

References Jabatan Kerja Raya (2006), Arahan (2006),  Arahan teknik 8/86, Kuala 8/86, Kuala Lumpur: Public Works Department (Malaysia). Ramizam NZ, Alvin Poi WH & Muhammad Marizwan AM (2009), Road safety audit: t-junction in Seksyen 26, Jalan Hulu Tinggi 26/6 – Jalan Ijuk 26/5 – Jalan TP 7/9, Off Jalan Batu Tiga Lama, Shah Alam, Selangor , Kuala Lumpur: Malaysian Institute of Road Safety Research. REAM (2002), REAM-GL2/2002: A guide on geometric design of roads,  roads,  Shah Alam: The Road Engineering Association of Malaysia. Public Works Department (1997), Guidelines for the safety audit of roads and  projects in Malaysia, Malaysia, Road  Road Safety Audit, Road Branch, Kuala Lumpur: Public Works Department (Malaysia).

19

 

Road Safety Audit Stage 5 Post Audit of T-Junction in Seksyen 26 Jalan Hulu Tinggi 26/6–Jalan Ijuk 26/5– Jalan TP 7/9, Off Jalan Batu Tiga Lama, Shah Alam Selangor

Designed by : Publica tions Unit, MIROS

Malaysian Institute of Road Safety Research Lot 125-135, Jalan TKS 1, Taman Kajang Sentral 43000 Kajang, Selangor Darul Ehsan Tel el +603  +603 8924 9200 Fax + 603 8733 2005 Website   www.miros.gov.my Email [email protected] Website

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