Mini Lecture SGD 1. Sistematika Berfikir

 

 Ecmc

7 Eurun Oce`pco

 E@M

7 Z8:18468::2: Z8:18468::2:

Zrid`

7 Zriafs` H`dce

M@E@ NFBTVXF RLD 3.  R@RTFMCT@KC HFXA@K@X

Hfrp`k`r (to`ek`el) mfrupckce suctu kfl`ctce mfetcn ycel d`cncm` sfsfircel h`nc mfrfkc d`ocdcpkce pcdc suctu mcscnco ctcu s`tucs` ycel ocrus d`pfbcokce. Hfrp`k`r mfrupckce prisfs ycel d`ecm`s ycel dcpct d`nuk`skce mfeurut prisfs ctcu gcnceeyc. Zrisfs hfrp`k`r `tu pcdc pikikeyc tfrd`r` dcr` 2 ncelkco, yc`tu pfmhfetukce pfelfrt`ce, pfmhfetukce pfedcpct, dce  pfecr`kce kfs`mpunce. Zinc hfrp`k`r ctcu m`edsft cdcnco sfkumpunce kfpfrbcycce (hfn`fa) ctcu bcrc hfrp`k`r ycel mfmpfelcruo` pfr`ncku dce s`kcp sfsfircel, ycel cko`reyc ckce mfefetukce nfvfn kfhfrocs`nce o`dupeyc. R`stfmct`s cdcnco sflcnc uscoc uetuk mflurc`kce dce mfrumuskce sfsuctu dcncm ouhuelce ycel tfrctur dce nil`s sfo`ellc mfmhfetuk suctu s`stfm ycel hfrcrt` sfbcrc utuo, mfeyfnuruo, tfrpcdu, mcmpu mfegfncskce rcelkc`ce sfhch ck`hct mfeycelkut ihyfkeyc. Gcd` pfelfrt`ce pinc hfrp`k`r s`stfmct`s cdcnco bcrc kfmcmpuce hfrp`k`r s`swc uetuk mfelfrgckce ctcu mfeyfnfsc`kce suctu tulcs sfsuc` dfelce urutce, tcocpce, ncelkco-ncelkco dcncm suctu kfrcelkc. Zfefmuce `ed`kctir kftfrcmp`nce pinc hfrp`k`r s`stfmct`s dcpct d`uelkcpkce mfncnu` cspfk-cspfk pfr`ncku ycel d`uelkcpkce dcncm dfa`e`s`  hfrp`k`r kr`t`s. Mfeurut hfhfrcpc dfa`e`s` ycel d`uelkcpkce tfrdcounu, tfrdcpct hfhfrcpc kfl`ctce ctcu pfr`ncku ycel mfel`ed`kcs`kce hcowc  pfr`ncku tfrsfhut mfrupckce kfl`ctce-kfl`ctce dcncm pinc hfrp`k`r s`stfmct`s. Celfni mfel`dfet`a`kccs` n`mc pfr`ncku ycel s`stfmct`s dcncm pinc hfrp`k`r s`stfmct`s. Zfe`ncku tfrsfhut cdcnco sfhclc` hfr`kut7

3.  Kftfrcmp`nce Mfelcecn`s`s

 

Kftfrcmp`nce

mfelcecn`s`s

mfrupckce

suctu

kftfrcmp`nce

mfelurc`kce sfhuco struktur kf dcncm kimpiefe-kimpiefe clcr mfelftcou` pfelirlce`scs`ce struktur tfrsfhut. Dcncm kftfrcmp`nce tfrsfhut tuguce pikikeyc cdcnco mfmcocm` sfhuco kiesfp lnihcn dfelce bcrc mfelurc`kce ctcu mfr`eb` lnihcn`tcs tfrsfhut kf dcncm  hcl`ce-hcl`ce ycel nfh`o kfb`n dce tfrpfr`eb`. Kctc-kctc ipfrcs`iecn ycel mfel`ed`kcs`kce

kftfrcmp`nce

hfrp`k`r

cecn`t`s,

d`cetcrceyc7

mfelurc`kce, mfmhuct d`clrcm, mfel`dfet`a`kcs`, mfellcmhcrkce, mfelouhuelkce, mfmfr`eb`, dsh. 8.  Kftfrcmp`nce Mfes`etfs`s Kftfrcmp`nce  hfrncwcece

dfelce

mfes`etfs`s

mfrupckce

kftfrcmpn`ce

kftfrcmp`nce

mfelcecnns`s.

ycel

Kftfrcmp`nce

mfes`etfs`s cdcnco kftfrcmp`nce mfellchuelkce hcl`ce-hcl`ce mfegcd` sfhuco hfetukce ctcu susuece ycel hcru. Zfrtceycce s`etfs`s mfeuetut  pfmhcbc uetuk mfeyctupcdukce sfmuc `eairmcs` ycel d`pfrinfo dcr` mctfr` hcbcceeyc, sfo`ellc dcpct mfeb`ptckce `df-`df hcru ycel t`dck d`eyctckce sfbcrc fkspn`s`t d` dcncm hcbcceeyc. Zfrtceycce s`etfs`s `e` mfmhfr` kfsfmpctce uetuk hfrp`k`r hfhcs tfrkietrin . 2.  Kftfrcmp`nce Mfelfecn dce Mfmfbcokce Mcscnco Kftfrcmp`nce `e` mfrupckce kftfrcmp`nce cpn`kct`a kiesfp kfpcdc hfhfrcpc pfelfrt`ce hcru. Kftfrcmp`nce `e` mfeuetut pfmhcbc uetuk mfmcocm` hcbcce dfelce s`stfmct`s sfo`elc sftfnco kfl`ctce mfmhcbc sfnfsc` s`swc mcmpu mfecelkcp hfhfrcpc p`k`rce pikik  hcbcce, sfo`ellc mcmpu mfmpinc sfhuco sf huco kiesfp. Tuguce kftfrcmp`nce kf tfrcmp`nce `e` hfrtuguce clcr pfmhcbc mcmpu mfmcocm` dce mfefrcpkce kiesfpkiesfp kf dcncm pfrmcscncoce ctcu rucel n`elkup hcru. 4.  Kftfrcmp`nce Mfey`mpunkce Kftfrcmp`nce mfey`mpunkce `cnco kfl`ctce ckcn p`k`rce mceus`c  hfrdcscrkce pfelfrt`ce/pfelftcouce (kfhfecrce) ycel d`m`n`k`eyc, dcpct  hfrcegck mfebcpc` pfelfrt`ce/pfelftcouce (kfhfecrce) ycel hcru ycel nc`e. Hfrdcscrkce pfedcpct tfrsfhut dcpct d`pcocm` hcowc kftfrcmp`nce `e` mfeuetut pfmhcbc uetuk mcmpu mfelurc`kce dce mfmcocm`

 

 hfrhclc` cspfk sfbcrc hfrtcocp clcr scmpc` kfpcdc suctu airmunc hcru yc`tu sfhuco s`mpunce. Zrisfs pfm`k`rce mceus`c `tu sfed`r`, dcpct mfefmpuo duc bcrc, yc`tu 7 dfduks` dce `eduks`. Gcd`, kfs`mpunce mfrupckce sfhuco prisfs hfrp`k`r ycel mfmhfrdcyckce pfelftcouceeyc sfdfm`k`ce rupc uetuk mfelocs`nkce sfhuco pfm`k`rce ctcu pfelftcouce ycel hcru. 6.  Kftfrcmp`nce Mfelfvcnucs` ctcu Mfe`nc` Kftfrcmp`nce `e` mfeuetut pfm`k`rce ycel mctcel dcncm mfefetukce

e`nc`

sfsuctu

dfelce

hfrhclc`

kr`tfr`c

ycel

cdc.

Kftfrcmp`nce mfe`nc` mfelofedck` pfmhcbc clcr mfmhfr`kce pfe`nc`ce tfetcel e`nc` ycel d`ukur dfelce mfellueckce stcedcr tfrtfetu. tf rtfetu. 8.  ZXIRFR CECN@RC DCTC DCE ACKTC DCX@ RVCTV MCRCNCO M CRCNCO C.  Zrisfs Cecn`s`s Dctc •

  Bcusf Xiit Cecn`sys Hfrdcscrkce cecn`s`s kfncyckce mcscnco ycel tfnco d`urc`kce d`ctcs, mckc bcusf riit cecnys`s dcncm mcscnco `e` mfelluceckce mftidf 6\ + @O cetcrc nc`e7 c.  \oct Mcsyrckct ycel hfnum mfelftcou` tfetcel CDOD dce bcrc  pfecelcecceeyc sfrtc mcocneyc h`cyc pfrcwctce uetuk ceck CDOD  h.  \oy Rfhclc` pfrs`cpce hcl` ircel tuc dce luru dcncm mfelocdcp` dce mfecelce` ceck CDOD b.  \oi •

  Zs`kilrca`s

•

  Dfmilrca`s Vs`c 7 86-26 tcoue Gfe`s kfncm`e 7 Nck` nck` dce Zfrfmpuce Zfkfrgcce/pfed`d`kce 7 Rftctus fkieim` 7 Mfefelco kfhcwco

 

•

  Lfilrca`s Kitc hceduel koususeyc w`ncyco pfrkitcce

d.  \ofrf D` kitc Hceduel, w`ncyco pfrkitcce f.  \ofe Rcct ceck dfelce CDOD t`dck mfedcpctkce pfecelcecce ycel tfpct sfo`ellc mfellcelu prfstcs` dcncm kfl`ctce hfncgcreyc, dce CDOD tfrhcwc o`ellc dfwcsc a.  Oiw Mfnckukce sis`cn`scs` mfelfec` CDOD `e` mcsycrckct nfh`o tcellcpdcncm mfelcmct` tumhuo kfmhcel ceck dce mfelftcou` dcncm tctcbcrc pfecelcecce kfnc`ece •

  Mctr`k R\IT Cecn`s`s ycel d`lueckce uetuk nfh`o mfelftcou` tfetcel kfnfh`oce dce kfkurcelce cdcnco sfhclc` hfr`kut7 Rtrfelto

\fckefss

  Cdceyc ncedcsce oukum tfrocdcp

•

  Mcs`o tfrhctcseyc pfelftcouce

•

dce pfecelcecce ircel tuc dce

ceck hfrkfhutuoce kousus

  Hfrs`act fdukcs` hcl` ircel tuc

luru tfrocdcp kcsus CDOD

•

dce

luru

dcncm

pfmhfkcnce

  Mcs`o sfd`k`t tfeclc priafs`iecn

•

ycel

mfelfec` ceck CDOD

  Rudco

munc`

•

rfoch`n`tcs`

hcl`

ceck

CHK

tfrmcsuk CDOD

  Mfmhukc

•

 pfeycedcel mfnckukce

uetuk

•

  Kurceleyc kietrin sis`cn ckce kfh`gckce pfmfr`etco tfetcel ceck  hfrkfhutuocce

kfsfmpctce

hcl`

CDOD

uetuk

kfl`ctce

sfbcrc

kousus

sfo`ellc

 pfecelceceycpue hfnum mfrctc mfrctc 

mcks`mccn 

Ippirtue`ty

mfecelce`

CDOD

hfrmuebuneyc

tfmpct pfncycece pfelihctce ctu

mcu

Torfct

 

  Ceck ycel mfedfr`tc CDOD t`dck

•

  M`ect hcbc mcsycrckct ycel

•

ocrus d`mcsukce RNH

munc`

  Tfkeinil` mcsck`e` ycel dcpct

mcsycrckct

•

mfmpfrmudco

`eairmcs`

  Mfel`elccteyc pfelftcouce ircel

•

tuc dcncm pfecelcecce CDOD

nfh`o

kcrfec mfellfmcr`

sfsuctu ycel hfrs`act o`hurce

nfh`o

bfpct mfeyfhcr nucs

mfeurue

  Xfedcoeyc

•

pfelocrlcce

dce

kfsfmpctce hcl` ceck CDOD uetuk hfrprfstcs`

H.  Acktc Ructu Zfrmcscncoce (Zrihnfm Rtctfmfet & Zrihnfm Rinut`ie)

Zfrmcscncoce scct `e` cdcnco mcsycrckct ycel hfnum mfelftcou` sfbcrc gfncs tfetcel CDOD sfo`ellc ceck ycel mfeycedcel CDOD  hfnum tfrtcelce` sfbcrc tfpct dce hfscreyc h`cyc uetuk pfecelcecce CDOD `e` mfmhuct pfeycedcel dcr` nctcr hfnckcel kfnuclc ycel  hfrfkieim` rfedco sun`t uetuk mfedcpctkce pfecelcece dce ncelkco  pfyfmhuoce, sfo`ellc dcr` prihnfm stctfmfet d`ctcs dcpct k`tc cmh`n  prihnfm sinut`ieeyc yc`tu mfmhuct mfd`c `eairmcs` sfhclc` ncelkco  pfmhfr`ce `eairmcs` clcr mcsycrckct nfh`o mfmcocm` tfetcel CDOD sfrtc dcpct mfelurcel` dcmpck eflct`a CDOD g`kc d`kftcou` dce d` tcelce` sfbcrc d`e`.

2.  MCECLFMFE HFXA@K@X QCXEFP

Ofnfe Qcrefy, 300