Problems resulted from the 4G migration to 5G...
Migration from 4G to 5G - Revolution or Evolution ? Sept. 4th, 2013 The 6th International Workshop on 5G Yukitsuna Furuya Tokyo Institute of Technology
1
General Mobile Technology Trend by Generations 1st Generation Radio
FM
2nd Generation
3rd Generation
TDMA
CDMA
4th Generation OFDMA
CS
PS
Network
IMS
Tel Service
Data 2
What is 4G ? Officially IMT-A Mobility is 4G. High Enhanc IMT-2000ed IMTBut people call LTE 2000 Enhancement as 4G, since there is a large change from Low 3G. 1
10
New Mobile Access
100
1000
Peak Useful Data Rate (Mb/s)
What will be 5G then ? Nobody knows yet 3
My view on Generation technology Start from limited area
Cover the whole area
Replace the previous generation
If there is a technology called 5G, it must be applicable to Macro Cell 4
Requirements to future Macro Cell technology Very high flexibility, although many people say higher bit rate
5
Frequency allocation to mobile operators in Japan Band NTT docomo
700M
900M 1.5G 1.7G 2G
UQ
30
WCP
30
30
Softbank E-mobile
Wilcom
30 30
*1
30 20
30 20 20
*2
40
Total
2.5G (MHz) 160 110 90 50 30
KDDI
20 20
800M
40 40 40
30
*3
31.2
Total: 500MHz 17% of spectrum below 3GHz Small portion compared with industry size
31.2
6
Current wireless systems • Below 3GHz, many different usage – Broadcasting (TV, radio ) – Special Mobile Radio
• Ship, Railway, Taxi, Truck, Electricity, Gas
– Public radio
• Military, police, ambulance,・・・
– Satellites
• LEO, Mobile satellites, GPS
– Amateur radio – Wireless LAN, PAN – And so on
• Too many systems ! 7
From national economy viewpoint • Government should maximize economical value of spectrum • Mobile systems are far more spectrum efficient than other systems – Late comer – Very high traffic demand compared with spectrum allocated
• Each system has its own requirements, but many of then can be covered technically by mobile systems 8
SMR system trends • SMR systems are based on either TRTRA or iDEN, – Police, ambulance, disaster warning, train, ship, taxi, electricity, gas,,,,
• They need to change to broadband systems • There are many independent SMR systems, each of them has a small chunk of spectrum – This makes broadband difficult – Infrastructure cost is high, because many overlapped coverage by independent systems 9
SMRs should adopt LTE for broadband • LTE can provide wireless broadband service with high spectrum efficiency, much higher than SMRs • Cellular systems will converge to LTE – Because of its market size, cost of equipment will come down , even if it is complicated
• LTE will keep evolving – Big industry effort is spent on 3GPP to make LTE system better – Even if some function is not in LTE now, it will be included in the future 10
Band operation re-arrangement Railway A
Railway B
Taxi
Electricity
ｆ Operator X New Service
t
New Service
TDMA 11
frequency
OFDM Arrangement
New Service
time
12
Additional requirements to LTE • Most SMRs require exclusive spectrum resource – This can be realized appropriate resource allocation. TDMA is an example – It can be introduced to LTE – High reliability is also required
• Many SMRs require group call function – LTE already have eMBMS
• Some SMRs require strong security – LTE security is reasonably strong – If necessary, it can be enhance by higher protocol 13
Running LTE SMR (1) • Currently, SMR license is divided into small pieces – Each company has 100KHz or 200KHz band
• A new operating company, handling many SMR license should be established and that operator should deploy broadband LTE – FirstNet is a good example – The operator should guarantee traffic to previous license holders
• Several business models are possible 14
Running LTE SMR (2) • There will be surplus frequency resource for new services since LTE spectrum efficiency is higher than current SMR • Who will use the surplus resource on what, should be determined based on LTE network investment • Business model should be deeply discussed
15
700MHz band allocation in US
Band 17: AT&T:LTE Band 13: Verizon:LTE
Band 14： Public Safety Broadband Military, police, ambulance,, combined broadband Operator will be the FirstNet, part of government 16
Basic FirstNet concept • A new band is allocated for broadband public safety in US – 99% area coverage of US
• FirstNet will provide service – FirstNet is a new US organization to run braodband public safety
• Technology is LTE • FirstNet will share the network with mobile operators – To reduce the investment on base stations
• US government made some functional request to 3GPP 17
Restoration form a disaster
・On emergency, communication tool is very important ・Special consideration should be paid on safety wireless 18
Introduction of Very Low Rate
Expand the coverage of non-damaged base station Activity has started in 3GPP under M2M WI
19
TV broadcast should be LTE based • Currently, digital TV systems use their own transmission method – US, JAPAN, EU, China has their own standards
• All digital TV should be TD-LTE based – Two-way communication capability on TV will help a interesting TV program a lot – Ratio can be 20 down, 1 up link – No technical difficulty exist – Global standard – Internet TV, Mobile TV will be much simpler 20
TV broadcast should be LTE based • TV White Space will be effectively used by two way communications • Spectrum license holder can be broadcaster or other people • 3GPP WI: L-band for Supplemental Downlink in E-UTRA and UTRA is a starting point of this, same as MediaFLO.
21
PMSE should be LTE based • PMSE (Program Making Special Event） is a communication system to deliver TV signal to center site • If it is LTE based, it can use cellular LTE system, when spectrum resource is available. • Currently, TV white space usage is under consideration. • If both broadcasting and PMSE are LTE based, white space can be used very effectively 22
Wireless LAN can be LTE based • Wireless LAN physical layer can be LTE layer 1 – Wireless LAN chip is already produced enough – Cost down effect LTE WLAN is not so large – Interwork between LTE-WLAN will be easier
• WLAN MAC should be CSMA-CA based – CSMA-CA is essential for unlicensed band – 3GPP may better consider introduction of CSMACA to LTE
23
What should not be LTE based • PAN (Personal Area Network) should not be changed to LTE – For a short distance communications, spectrum efficiency is not an issue – In many cases, cost and power efficiency is more important than spectrum efficiency for PAN – LTE is not designed for such a purpose
24
Summary on LTE convergence • Most of the wide area wireless systems are better evolved to LTE • This does not mean mobile operator should control most of the spectrum – There should be considerations on non-economic value
• If most of the systems deploy LTE, there will be a vast economical benefit as a whole • US FirstNet is the starting point of this activity – US may introduce LTE TV broadcasting as well 25
Conclusions • High speed transmission in higher frequency is important, but we should look at lower frequency optimization as well • LTE will be applied to almost all wide area wireless systems – US will lead this through FirstNet – Broadcasting will (may?) be LTE based as well
• Next change to mobile radio technology is to increase flexibility so that it can be applied to many other wireless systems 26
5G Mobile Communication Networking Technology Professor WANG Jing Tsinghua University, China
[email protected] 2013.07.17.
Outline Future
Requirements Technology Developments Hyper-cellular Architecture Conclusions
Future Requirements
Future Requirements
Mobile terminal market
Mobile Service Market
Over 3 billions of Laptops, Pads and Smart phones
Over 5 billions of download applications
Mobile data traffic is doubled every 13 months
Requirement Forecast
Total subscriber base increases 10% YoY
Mobile broadband penetration to reach 100% by 2020
Traffic volume per subscriber increases 25-40% YoY
Traffic volume increases by:
x150-500 from 2010 to 2020 and x3000-30000 from 2010 to 2030
The 1000x data challenge (ref 2010) may likely happen during the period 2022-2026
Technology goals of the 5G
METIS Project Objectives
• C5G Project Objectives • • • •
Area Data Throughout of 25 times Improvement to 4G Frequency Efficiency of 10 times Improvement to 4G Service Data Throughput of 10Gbps Energy Efficiency of 10 times Improvement to 4G
Technology Developments
Air Interface Technologies
4G UMTS
3G 2G
GSM
1990
GPRS
EDGE
1995
5G
??? LTE-C
LTE
LTE-A
LTE-B
HDPA
HSPA+
UMTS-A
EDGE+
2000
New Air Interface
QAM+OFDM+MIMO
GMSK+CC +TDMA QPSK+TC +CDMA
2005
Evolution
2010
2015
2020
Transmission Technology Contributions
Where are we going to? MIMO
ICIC
System Architecture Evolution
R99R5R8 (3GPP) From Tree to full mesh
Coverage Limitations Frequency efficiency of cell edge Environment Downlink Uplink (bit/s/Hz) (bit/s/Hz) Indoor 0.1 0.07 Microcellular 0.075 0.05 Base coverage 0.06 0.03 urban High speed 0.04 0.015
Average frequency efficiency Environment Indoor Microcellular Base coverage urban High speed
Downlink (bit/s/Hz)
Uplink (bit/s/Hz)
3 2.6 2.2
2.25 1.80 1.4
1.1
0.7
Small Cell Limitations • Path loss exponent decreases with reducing cell size because of LOS happening more • Inter-cell Interference increases Significantly with Decreasing of Path loss exponent
Capacity (users/MHz/km2)
Network capacity does not improve Continuously with decreasing cell size because of ICI Cell size
Possible Solutions for 1000x
3x increase in spectrum
6x improvement in spectral efficiency
Re-farming Existing bands for more efficient use New licensed bands, including higher frequencies for hot-spot Higher-order modulation to 256QAM to increase the amount of data transported per Hz of spectrum 3D MIMO and massive antenna beam forming with arrays of as many as 100+ antenna elements Coordinated multiple point transmission and interference management techniques to improve cell-edge performance
56x higher average cell density in HetNet configurations
The addition of many layer cells including macro, micro, pico, femto, relay, phantom, …… Traffic Balancing and offloading of many modes including 2G, 3G, 4G, 5G, WiFi, …… Clouds of antennae will provide the biggest boost to capacity through extreme frequency reuse.
Source：http://www.wiseharbor.com/index.html
ICI Cancellation Performance 仙
霞
路
古 北 路
芙 蓉 江 路
档案馆 运动场
AP1 虹古路
AP2
• 4X4 MIMO • 20MHz Bandwidth @ 3.5GHz • APs(antennas only) connect Computing Unit by RoF
MT AP1+AP2 CoMP
only only
Source: China FuTURE Project
•TACSGSM：4 times（2G） •GSM UMTS：2.5 times（3G） •UMTS LTE：2.5 times（4G）
Spectral Efficiency x 25
Lessons learnt from Past 40 Years
Spectrum Employed x 25
Network density improves system capacity of 60 times compared other domains.
Source: http://www.arraycomm.com/technology/coopers-law
5G Technologies should Enable ‘Net Work’
CoMP: ICIC
Cell Density: 250m33m
Algorithm + Architecture Small cell, phantom cell HetNet: layers and modes
Mobility:
Handover：horizontal and vertical Connectivity：always online
Hyper-Cellular Architecture
Hyper-Cellular Architecture (HCA)
Separating the Coverage of C-Plane and D-Plane
Seamless coverage of C-Plane/U-Plane Soft coverage of D-Plane Soft access mode matching Unified Signaling Procedure of diverse systems
D-Plane Implemented by Distributed Wireless Communication Systems (DWCS)
Virtual Node-B Virtually Cell
Separating the Coverage of C-Plane and D-Plane
The decoupling of the control signaling coverage and traffic data coverage
Coverage Example
Soft access mode matching Unified Signaling Procedure of diverse systems
C-Plane
GSM 900MHz
D-Plane
WiFi 2.4GHz
LTE 3.5GHz
DWCS Based D-Plane
Node C1
Node C2 Node A MT1
Cable/Fiber MT2
Node C3
Node C4
Elements in DWCS
NodeA: Antenna Units
NodeC: Computation Units
MT oriented Processing
Virtual Cells
2013/8/27
High performance mashed network
Virtual NodeB=NodeAs+NodeC
Modems, filters,…
Connection Between NodeA and NodeC
Interfaces between air and fiber
MT oriented coverage 23
Inter-Antenna Interference Cancellations under DWCS
MTs with WCDMA voice 1
Outage probability
0.1
m=1,=3 m=2,=3 m=4,=3 m=1,=4 m=2,=4 m=4,=4
0.01
1E-3
1E-4 10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Number of mobiles per antenna
Source: IEEE Communication Magazine, 2003
90
100
110
DWCS Example – C-RAN
C-RAN is proposed by the China Mobile (CMCC)
Baseband processing is Centralized logically
Radio processing is Cooperative
Computation Units is real-time Cloud
Systems is Clear (Green ), energy saving systems
C-RAN Construction BBU Pool
…
BBU Pool
BBU Pool
X2+ PHY/MAC PHY/MAC
…
X2+ PHY/MAC
PHY/MAC
PHY/MAC
PHY/MAC
负载均衡 高速交换
Real-time Cloud Fiber Transmission
Cooperative Radio
Distributed RRU RRU
RRU
RRU
RRU RRU
RRU
RRU
RRU
RRU
HCA Advantages
Connection Suitable for Diverse RANs
Different operation modes: 2G, 3G, LTE, WiFi, …… Different coverage layers: Macro, Micro, Pico, Femto, Relay, Phantom, …… Different AI constructions: eNodeB, NodeB, DAS, C-RAN, DWCS, ……
Energy Management: AP on/off, Power control, …… Good Performance
Good Connectivity & Mobility Flexibility, Scalability, Cost & Energy efficiency
Challenges of HCA Realization
Optimize Coverage of C-Plane
Optimize Coverage of D-Plane
Service oriented UE oriented Energy oriented
Redefine Radio Resources
Unified signaling capacity Special services in U-Plane
Time slot, frequency band, location, beams, mode, layer, etc.
Redefine the signaling procedure
Defining Cell-ID, Synchronizing, Accessing, Handover, Paging, Power control, Radio resource management, etc.
Challenges of DWCS Realization
High Quality Network Broad band up to Tbps High timing accuracy reach ps Full meshed connection
High Performance Computing Units Reconfigurable Scalable Reliable Real-time Cloud
Conclusions Networking technologies play an important role in the 5G systems The Hyper-Cellular architecture splits coverage of signaling and data to meet the evolution of mobile networks DWCS can meet requirements of radio technology evolution
5G 포럼 WORKSHOP
김성국, 이호원
Past Decades
All-IP
IP absorbed other communication protocols
Personalization Customized services Smartphone is a personal computer
Mobile
Most used information device is a mobile phone
Social Sharing information with acquaintances Users produce information
Smartphone
The biggest disruption 3G(4G) + Cloud service + Mobility Mobile device is not inferior but superior
Future Internet Trends
Scalability billion (2008) 2 billon (2014) PCs 200 million (2008) 2 billion (2014) smartphones 5 exabytes (2005) 990 exabytes (2012) data 13 exabytes (2010) 42 exabytes (2014) consumer monthly data 1
Heterogeneity vehicles,
sensors, smartphones, home appliances
Mobility From Internet of contents to Internet of services
Accelerating Trends
On-demand Context-aware
information Services should be ready before requested
Personalization From
Mobile New
personal device to personal service services will start from mobile services
Social More
information will be spread through social network
New Challenge
Information inequality Access
to information is a part of basic right Bigger gap between economic status
Cyber security Mobile
services are more prone to security attack
More intelligent devices How
to embed intelligence into more mundane devices
New Service Area
Conquer non-IP communication Broadcasting,
Expand into not-yet computerized/connected area Automotive
law enforcement, medical services
to clothing
Augmented Human Intelligence Health Care Reduce
medial cost From public health care to personal health service
Requirement
Continuous flow of information Virtually limitless flow of information Bi-direction flow of information High value knowledge extraction from information Device-transparency
Mobile Cloud
Cloud centric services are not sustainable Too
much traffic between mobile network and IP backbone
Mobile backhaul will be a cloud network Mobile
backhaul will be bigger than current cloud datacenter
Cloud Networking
Cloud service = computing + networking
Diverse traffic characteristics
Customer traffic Multimedia Interactive service
Infra traffic Short important messages Bulk data transfer Inter-data center traffic
Data source is integrated with delivery channels Strong incentives on network innovation
Network performance has huge impact on service quality
New Topology
Cloudservice provider (Naver, Google, …)
Future network
Current network
5G 예시 휴대전화
Future Radio Access for 5G Yoshihisa Kishiyama NTT DOCOMO, INC.
NTT DOCOMO, INC., Copyright 2013, All rights reserved.
1
Network/Communication Society in 2020 and Beyond Extension/enrichment of wireless services
Everything Connected by Wireless Monitor/collect information & control devices Multiple personal devices
Transportation (Car/Bus/Train)
Deliver rich contents in real-time & ensure safety Video streaming
New types of terminal/HI
4K Interaction across multiple devices
Consumer electronics
Entertainment, Navigation Traffic information
Watch/jewelry/cloth s
4K/8K video resolutions Video on newspapers Background video
Healthcare
Human interface and healtchcare sensors
Remote operation using personal terminal
Education
Remote health check & counseling
House
Sensors
Cloud computing
Remote control of facilities House security
Smart power grid Agriculture and farming Factory automation Weather/Environment
All kinds of services supported by the mobile personal cloud
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Glasses/Touch internet
Distance (remote) learning Any lesson anywhere/anytime
Safety and lifeline system
Prevention of accidents Robustness to disasters
2
FRA concept and requirements
• 500 -1000 x capacity/km2
• 100 x more connected devices • Lower overhead incl. reduced control signaling • Enhanced connectivity, e.g., deep inhouse
• 10-100 x higher user data rates • Reduced latency to < 1 ms • Support of high mobility • Terminal battery saving
• Very small/light BS with energy saving • Reduced network cost incl. backhaul • Automatic network optimization for diverse environments incl. emergency cases
Future Radio Access (FRA) will provide a total solution to satisfy the requirements by future drivers NTT DOCOMO, INC., Copyright 2013, All rights reserved.
3
Evolution paths for FRA •
Further LTE enhancements – Macro-assisted small cell enhancement (Phantom cell) – Further general LTE enhancements
•
Potential new RAT
Performance
– Should prioritize the achievement of more big gains over backward compatibility – Consider new spectrum allocations of WRC-15 and beyond – Some technical components may be applied to further LTE enhancements
Macro-assisted small cell enhancement (Phantom cell) LTE-Advanced
LTE
Rel-12/13 Rel-10/11
Rel-8/9 Pico/Femto
CA/eICIC/CoMP for HetNet
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WRC-15
~2015
Future Radio Access (= Future IMT = 5G?)
Potential New RAT Big gain
Rel-14/15,… Further LTE enhancements WRC-18/19 ~2020
Year
4
Considerations on New RAT • New RAT should achieve significant gains • New RAT could be non-backward compatible to LTE Æ What is the major change that characterizes New RAT? – – – – – –
•
New numerology? New waveform? New frame structure? New idle mode? Other things? Or combinations of above?
New RAT should support all scenarios supported by LTE or not? Option 1
Option 2
– New RAT covers all LTE scenarios in addition to specific scenarios that LTE does not support
– New RAT covers part of LTE scenarios and specific scenarios that LTE does not support
New RAT
New RAT
LTE
LTE
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5
Directions of evolution: “The Cube” A set of radio access technologies is required to satisfy future requirements Required performance Spectrum efficiency Traffic offloading TRx TRx TRx
WiFi
TRx TRx TRx TRx TRx
Non-orthogonal multiple access
Controller
3D/Massive MIMO, Advanced receiver
Network densification
Current capacity
Hotspot Dense urban Shopping mall
Study for new interference scenarios
Tx-Rx cooperative access technologies
Spectrum extension Existing cellular bands
Cellular network assists local area radio access
Higher/wider frequency bands Very wide
Super wide
New cellular concept for cost/energyefficient dense deployments
Frequency
Efficient use of higher spectrum bands NTT DOCOMO, INC., Copyright 2013, All rights reserved.
6
FRA technical concept Combined usage of lower and higher frequency bands Æ Higher frequency bands become useful and beneficial! Existing cellular bands
Higher frequency bands
(high power density for coverage)
(wider bandwidth for high data rate) Very wide (e.g. > 3GHz)
Super wide (e.g. > 10GHz)
9 No coverage issue any more 9 Can provide very high throughput using wider bandwidth 9 Big offloading gain from existing cellular bands
Frequency
FRA technical concept Further cellular enhancements al n o g tho ess r o Non le acc . ip c mult MA), et (NO
Exploitation of higher frequency bands t p e c on c l l e c m lit) o p t s n Pha U plane (C/
NTT DOCOMO, INC., Copyright 2013, All rights reserved.
O, M I e M rame v i s Mas ology/f er c. t m e u , N gn desi 7
Phantom cell concept • Proposed architecture to utilize higher frequency bands “Phantom cell” – Split of C-plane & U-plane between macro and small cells in different frequency bands [1, 2] Macro cell
Upl an e
C- p
Phantom cell
lan e
Existing cellular bands
Higher frequency bands [1] NTT DOCOMO, 3GPP RWS-120010, June 2012. [2] H. Ishii et al., IEEE Globecom 2012 Workshop, Dec. 2012.
C-plane: Macro cell maintains good connectivity and mobility using lower frequency bands NTT DOCOMO, INC., Copyright 2013, All rights reserved.
U-plane: Small cell provides higher throughput and more flexible/costenergy efficient operations using higher/wider frequency bands 8
Massive MIMO • Massive MIMO – Beamforming using massive antenna elements in higher frequency bands – Essential technology to achieve effective cell range Example 2D antenna configuration d 20cm
：
：
：
：
LTE 3D-MIMO Massive MIMO
Antenna element spacing (d)
3.5 GHz (λ = 8.6 cm)
10 GHz (λ = 3 cm)
20 GHz (λ = 1.5 cm)
0.5 λ
16
169
676
0.7 λ
9
81
361
20cm
Æ Compensation of increased path loss & Improved spectrum efficiency Cell range extension by beamforming gain
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Improved spectrum efficiency with (multi-user) spatial multiplexing
9
Massive MIMO & Macro-assisted
Massive MIMO Potential issue – Coverage for common channels (system information, paging, synchronization signal, etc.)
?
Small cell
Macro cell
The combination of Massive MIMO and Macro-assisted small cell will provide adequate cell coverage even with a high frequency NTT DOCOMO, INC., Copyright 2013, All rights reserved.
10
Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access (NOMA) Processing power in Devices
Effort for Effort for Orthogonality Interference Mitigation Equalizer, FDMA,TDMA, MIMO CDMA, OFDMA Canceller
Exploitation of power-domain, path loss difference among users, and UE processing power NTT DOCOMO, INC., Copyright 2013, All rights reserved.
Intentional Non-orthogonality
NOMA Cell CellThroughput Throughput(Mbps) [Mbps]
f,ｔ, code
f,ｔ, code
25 OMA with frequency scheduling NOMA with wideband scheduling
20 30% gains
15 OMA with wideband scheduling
10 0
20 40 60 80 UEspeed[km/h] UE Speed(km/h)
100 11
Other potential technologies •
New numerology and frame structure for: – – – – –
•
Higher frequency bands Wider frequency bandwidths Small cells Reduced latency etc.
New waveforms – UL OFDM – FBMC, FTN, etc.
•
Contention based UL access for: – Lower overhead and reduced latency for small packets from, e.g. M2M terminals
•
Flexible NW for: – – – – – – – –
NW cost reduction Coverage enhancement Mitigation of fronthaul/backhaul bottlenecks QoE improvement Moving NW/mobile relay D2D Caching at base station/mobile terminal etc.
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12
FRA Real-time Simulator The potential performance gains of applying key FRA technologies are demonstrated using FRA real-time simulator. Demo Scenario ¾ Spectrum extension x NW densification • Efficient exploitation of higher frequency bands using small cells
¾ Key technology for small cells • Massive MIMO
• Key technology for macro cells • Non-orthogonal Multiple Access (NOMA)
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13
FRA real-time simulator 400 MHz BW@10 GHz Æ 600 MHz BW@20 GHz Æ With Massive MIMO
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14
11 GHz Band 10 Gbps Field Experiments Specifications of off-line experimental system Transmission scheme
8x16 MIMO-OFDM
Transmit power per antenna
25 dBm
Occupied bandwidth
400 MHz
Subcarrier spacing
195 kHz
No. of active subcarriers
pilot: 32, data: 2000
Modulation scheme
64QAM
Channel coding
turbo code, R = 3/4 (11.8 Gbps)
MIMO detection
turbo detection
Transmitter inside MS
Measurement course (Ishigaki Island, Japan) MS with 8 transmit antennas
16 BS receive antennas: 65 degrees beam, 15 dBi
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15
Measurement Results on Field Experiments Measured average SNR
Throughput Performance
Measured delay spread
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16
Summary • We presented our views on vision, requirements and potential key techologies for Future Radio Access (FRA): – Macro-assisted small cell, i.e., Phantom cell, and Massive MIMO are promising in the long-term future for higher/wider frequency bands – Non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) is a promising technology for future cellular enhancements – Other technologies, e.g. new numerology/frame structure, new waveform, contention based UL and flexible NW need to be further studied
FRA technical concept Combined usage of lower and higher frequency bands
Further cellular enhancements al n o g tho ess r o Non le acc . ip c mult MA), et (NO
Exploitation of higher frequency bands pt e c n o c l l e mc lit) o p t s n Pha U plane (C/
NTT DOCOMO, INC., Copyright 2013, All rights reserved.
O, M I e M rame v i s Mas ology/f er tc. m e u , n N g desi 17
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18
To Beyond 4G Mobile Communication and 5G
Pang-An, Ting ICL / ITRI September 2013
Copyright 2013 ITRI 工業技術研究院
1
Outline Perspective requirements in 2020 Technologies in beyond 4G (B4G) Feasible technologies for 5G ITRI’s planning on 5G system
Copyright 2013 ITRI 工業技術研究院
2
Outline Perspective requirements in 2020 Technologies in beyond 4G (B4G) Feasible technologies for 5G ITRI’s planning on 5G system
Copyright 2013 ITRI 工業技術研究院
3
Progress of Telecommunication Era --- My Viewpoints Generations
5G 4G 3G 4G
Regard 3G as a platform of
3G
• Gossip
+ • Globalization
• Gaming • Girls
• Radio bands • Standard
+ • Growth • Gbps everywhere • Giga number of devices
Time 2000 Copyright 2013 ITRI 工業技術研究院
2010
2020 4
Definition of Beyond 4G 3GPP activities
LTE-Advanced (4G)
Source: “4G: LTE/LTE-Advanced for Mobile Broadband “ by Erik Dahlman etc.
LTE
B4G
Source : MTK
Rel-12 Copyright 2013 ITRI 工業技術研究院
5
Perspective Requirements at 2020 Demand of mobile data traffic
Spectrum supply and usage
Annual Traffic(ExaB) Source：NSN, Cisco, (Oct 2012)
Copyright 2013 ITRI 工業技術研究院
Source：Rysavy Research (Oct 2012)
6
Perspective Requirements at 2020
(xMbps to xGbps) (x sec to x msec)
Copyright 2013 ITRI 工業技術研究院
7
Perspective Requirements at 2020
Copyright 2013 ITRI 工業技術研究院
8
Three Dimensions for Capacity Improvement Spectrum Efficiency
×
Spectrum Extension/ Utilization
×
Network Efficiency/ Density
=
1000x Capacity
Dimensions
Feasible technologies
Spectrum efficiency
• Interference management and traffic adaptation (IMTA) • Multiple antennas (MIMO) / Massive MIMO / Smart antenna
Spectrum extension
• • • • •
• • Network • configuration • & optimization • • Copyright 2013 ITRI 工業技術研究院
New Carrier Type (NCT) Carrier aggregation (CA) TV white space Visible Light Communication (VLC) Cognitive Radio (CR) Small cell deployment (relay / backhaul) Efficient machine type communication (MTC) Direct communication (D2D) Self-organizing network (SON) Heterogeneous network (HetNet) Software-defined network (SDN) 9
Outline Perspective requirements in 2020 Technologies in beyond 4G (B4G) Feasible technologies for 5G ITRI’s planning on 5G system
Copyright 2013 ITRI 工業技術研究院
10
LTE Release 12 and Beyond
Copyright 2013 ITRI 工業技術研究院
11
LTE Release 12 and Beyond
Bandwidth expansion
Signaling supporting up to 100 MHz from carrier aggregation
Densification
2 bps/Hz
HetNet interference management Mobility management
4x2
3 bps/Hz
2.8 bps/Hz
12%*
4x4
eMIMO CoMP
8x2
He tNe t (4
DL avg. cell throughput
LP
no
7%*
des
2.3%
) eICIC CoMP
Spectral efficiency
10 bps/Hz 0.06 bps/Hz
0.09 bps/Hz
0.07 bps/Hz
4x2
4x4
(4 Net Het
CoMP MIMO More successful in fairness improvement than increasing spectral efficiency Managed to bend the curves somewhat, but haven’t been able to shift the curves much
2.7%
LP n s) ode
DL cell edge user throughput
8x2
4%
eICIC
10%* eMIMO
30%* CoMP
20%
CoMP
0.07 bps/Hz * w.r.t. 4x2 SU-MIMO Copyright 2013 ITRI 工業技術研究院
12 12
Potential Technologies Small Cell Enhancement
Copyright 2013 ITRI 工業技術研究院
13
Potential Technologies LTE-WiFi Integration
Copyright 2013 ITRI 工業技術研究院
14
Outline Perspective requirements in 2020 Technologies in beyond 4G (B4G) Feasible technologies for 5G ITRI’s planning on 5G system
Copyright 2013 ITRI 工業技術研究院
15
Two paths toward 5G : Revolution + Evolution Revolution path (Radio Access)
Evolution path (Network Architecture)
Peak Rate
System Performance
LTE-B,C enhanced Local Area Access
LTE-A LTE
Mbps
UMTS WCDMA
Rel-12/13 onward Kbps
CA/eICIC/CoMP
GSM
Rel-10/11
Pico/Femto Rel-8/9
bps
AMPS
Time Time
Copyright 2013 ITRI 工業技術研究院
LTE OFDMA
1980
1990
2000
2010
16
Two paths toward 5G : Revolution + Evolution Evolution path
Cloud RAN Multi-RAT aggregation ( License / unlicensed bands )
(Bandwidth aggregation)
Carrier Aggregation
HetNet
Massive MIMO
3D antenna
Beam Forming with mobility
(New Carrier Type)
MMWave NCT
2012
Copyright 2013 ITRI 工業技術研究院
2013
Revolution path
2014
2015
2016
17
Potential Technologies CA of Alternative Spectra
Current Layer 2 structure has good flexibility and extensibility to aggregate 3GPP or non-3GPP families of technologies. Not much impact on Layer 2 and upper layers Better resource management for both LTE and non-LTE carriers
Continue the success and bring in more spectra Radio Bearers
Radio Bearers ROHC
...
ROHC
Security
...
...
ROHC
ROHC
...
ROHC
Security
Security
...
Security
Segm. ARQ etc
Segm. ARQ etc
...
Segm. ARQ etc
...
PDCP
RLC
RLC
Segm. ARQ etc
...
...
ROHC
ROHC
...
ROHC
Security
...
Security
Segm. ARQ etc
...
Segm. ARQ etc
...
PDCP Security
...
Security
Segm. ARQ etc
...
Segm. ARQ etc
...
CCCH BCCH PCCH
CCCH BCCH PCCH
Logical Channels
Logical Channels
Unicast Scheduling / Priority Handling
Unicast Scheduling / Priority Handling Multiplexing UE1
...
Multiplexing UEn
MAC
MAC
Multiplexing UE1
...
HARQ
Multiplexing UEn
HARQ
HARQ
...
HARQ
DL-SCH
DL-SCH
Layer 2 Structure for DL Copyright 2013 ITRI 工業技術研究院
HARQ
...
HARQ
Transport Channels
Transport Channels BCH
PCH
DL-SCH on CC1
DL-SCH on CCx
DL-SCH on CC1
DL-SCH on CCy
BCH
PCH
Layer 2 Structure for DL with CA 18 18
CA of Alternative Spectra Candidates for Further Aggregation
3GPP family
LTE + HSPA, LTE FDD + TDD
Unlicensed bands Visible Light Communication (VLC) ideal for LTE CA
Non-3GPP based technologies
Integration of WiFi happening in different levels
Utilize all available means of communication in a phone
IP layer at PDN Gateway outside of core network IP layer at nodeB or other nodes inside core network
ima ge s ens o
r
Elevated TSG SA working groups activities herald changes are coming RAN plays important role in 2nd level integration CA of WiFi can be a third and tightest level of integration
BW = 76 MHz SMH (TV bands) 700 MHz
BW = 140 MHz
BW = 90 MHz
BW = 97 MHz
BW = 530 MHz
BW = 8.64 GHz
Cellular
PCS
AWS
WLAN 802.11b/g/n
WLAN 802.11a/n/ac
Wireless Gigabit
Visible Light Communication
800 MHz
1900 MHz
2100 MHz
60 GHz
700 THz
BW = 50 MHz
2.4 GHz
5 GHz
Frequency
US spectrum map Copyright 2013 ITRI 工業技術研究院
19 19
Potential Technologies 3D Beamforming and Massive MIMO
Copyright 2013 ITRI 工業技術研究院
20
Potential Technologies A Vision of Network Architecture beyond 4G
Copyright 2013 ITRI 工業技術研究院
21
Potential Technologies Ultr-Dense Network
Copyright 2013 ITRI 工業技術研究院
22
Potential Technologies Diverse Radio Access Technology Convergence
Copyright 2013 ITRI 工業技術研究院
23
Potential Technologies Network Intelligence
Copyright 2013 ITRI 工業技術研究院
24
Potential Technologies Device to Device Communication
Copyright 2013 ITRI 工業技術研究院
25
Potential Technologies Wireless Transport Network
Copyright 2013 ITRI 工業技術研究院
26
Potential Technologies Cloud Based Management & SON
Copyright 2013 ITRI 工業技術研究院
27
Key Enablers
Copyright 2013 ITRI 工業技術研究院
28
Outline Perspective requirements in 2020 Technologies in beyond 4G (B4G)
Feasible technologies for 5G ITRI’s planning on 5G system
Copyright 2013 ITRI 工業技術研究院
29
5G System Architecture (1/2) Global Control Local Data Scenarios
Salient Features Control plane is backward compatible to 4G access technology 5G access acts as a new carrier component of 4G
5G New Carrier Type (NCT) •
mmWave radio
•
Live-demo at peak data rate higher than 1Gbps by end of 2014
•
5G fast data transmission under 4G signaling & control
Wireless backhaul with low latency Aggressive module and system designs regarding massive MIMO technologies
Coverage up to 2Km
4G/5G multi-RAT / multi-mode Coexistence
Inter-BS wireless backhaul 4G LTE Carrier 5G New Carrier VLC Carrier
4G eNB
5G eNB
W ire d
RRH
ba ck ha ul
radio
backh aul
5G eNB
VLC b ackha ul
Activ e
`
Syste m
...
d ire W
Inter-eNB resource aggregation
RRH
Ante nna
ba ha ck ul
Spatial modulation
Massive MIMO D2D VLC Cell
Copyright 2013 ITRI 工業技術研究院
30
5G System Architecture (2/2) Phase array design for multiple antennas
Scenarios
mm-Wave link between BS and UE for 1Gbps data rate
Coverage up to 2Km
Salient Features High resolution phase array using modified BUTLER matrix system Laser Induced Metallization process for high integrated and high gain UE antenna Beam-forming by massive MIMO with beam acquisition & tracking
6-sector mm-Wave Base Station
mm-Wave UE module Copyright 2013 ITRI 工業技術研究院
31
Baseband Requirements
Requirements for advanced 5G access platform technology High sampling and data exchange rate for large bandwidth High computing power capability for high throughput signal processing Support for massive MIMO and hybrid beamforming
Requirements for advanced 5G baseband signal processing technology High throughput modulator and de-modulator and MIMO detector High throughput channel codec 3D hybrid beamforming and UE beam tracking optimization
In-campus Prototyping and Deployment
UE
BS
•
Massive MIMO
•
Massive MIMO
•
Laser Induced Metallization process for high integrated and high gain UE antenna
•
6-sector MMWave
•
Copyright 2013 ITRI 工業技術研究院
Scenarios
mm-Wave link between BS and UE
5G New Carrier Type (NCT)
BW : scalable bandwidth up to 1GHz
•
mmWave radio
•
Live-demo at peak data rate higher than 1Gbps
•
Coverage up to 2Km
•
MMWave link
Massive MIMO
•
Carrier freq. : 24 GHz
Inter-BS wireless backhaul
Salient Features
High resolution phase array using modified BUTLER matrix system
Laser Induced Metallization process for high integrated and high gain UE antenna
Beam-forming by massive MIMO with beam acquisition & tracking 33
Conclusion My viewpoint on 5G
Driving Force as Bowstring
•
Take GROWTH as a key word
•
In terms of –
Capacity per area
–
Devices by IoT
Evolution Path as Bow
•
LTE/LTE-A supports infrastructure
•
Horizontal/Vertical HetNet
弓 Evolution Path
箭 Revolution Path
Revolution Path as Arrow
•
Take NCT as a good opportunity for 5G
•
Higher band radio such as millimeter wave technology
•
Massive MIMO radio such as phase array technology
Copyright 2013 ITRI 工業技術研究院
弦 Driving Force
34
Fast Moving Backhaul
ILGYU KIM Mobile GiGa Transmission Research Section Wireless Transmission Research Department Communications Internet Research Laboratory
0
Ⅰ Introduction Increase of mobile data traffic
bandwidth killer: portable and intellingent terminal
By Device Type Terabytes per Month Nonsmartphones Smartphones
=
(=X 24)
Laptops and Netbooks Tablets Home Gateways
=
X 515
=
X 122
M2M Other Portable Devices
2011.Feb., Cisco Visual Networking Index: Global Mobile Data Traffic Forecast Update, 2010-2015
1
Ⅰ Introduction Increase of data traffic at high speed transportation Most consumers uses high speed wireless internet services at “Low” or “high” mobility environments. 90% of traffic Big Bang comes from VoD and Cloud services
Wireless Internet use
Seamless service is required for 6.9 billion (BUS), 2.2 Billion (Subway), 1 Billion (train) users in Korea
Freedom of two hands !
Low
Medium
High mobility (above 100km/h )
2
Ⅰ Introduction Property of existing cellular systems Optimized for (low speed) pedestrian user Performance Characterization
0~15 km/hr
:
Optimal
15~120 km/hr
:
High
120 ~ 350 km/hr :
Functional
Existing cellular system cannot meet user requirement at high mobility !
Wireless Internet use
Velocity Range
Low
Medium
High mobility (above 100km/h )
3
Ⅱ MHN Project Goal Same QoS is provided for high speed mobile users compared to static/low-speed moving users Provide very high data rate (Gbps level) for wireless backhaul Target spectrum efficiency is 4 bps/Hz @ 400 km/hr
Wireless Internet use
MHN : Mobile Hotspot Network
Low
Medium
High mobility (above 100km/h )
4
Ⅱ MHN Project overview Development of a next generation mobile wireless backhaul system to provide gigabit mobile service to users on a high-speed transportation By using mmWave (SHF/EHF) Mobile Hot spot Network
SHF : Super-High Frequency (3 GHz – 30 GHz)
User Equipment
Smallcell
mTE
EHF : Extremely-High Frequency (30 GHz – 300 GHz)
3G/4G Network
Public Internet
WiFi Femto 4G & MHN Service
mRU
MHN Server
mTE
mDU
mTE
MHN Transport Network
mGW
mGW
* mGW: mobile gateway, mDU: mobile node-B digital unit, mRU: mobile node-B RF unit, mTE: mobile terminal equipment
5
Ⅱ MHN High-speed train usage case (Railways) • •
SHF : Super-High Frequency (3 GHz – 30 GHz) EHF : Extremely-High Frequency (30 GHz – 300 GHz)
mTE Device on the roof of the carriage top Inside : WiFi or Femto HSS
MME
PCRF
eNB
Public Internet
SGW
eNB
PGW
Cellular
Cellular
mDU
mGW
mDU mRU
mRU
mRU
SHF/EHF
mTE WiFi/Femto
WiFi/Femto
mRU
mTE WiFi/Femto
6
Ⅱ MHN High-speed bus/car usage case (Highways) • •
mTE Device on top of the bus Inside : WiFi or Femto HSS
MME
PCRF
eNB
SGW
Public Internet
eNB
PGW
Cellular
Cellular
mDU
mGW
mDU mRU
mRU
mRU
SHF/EHF mTE WiFi/Femto
mTE WiFi/Femto
mRU mTE WiFi/Femto
7
Ⅱ MHN Challenging development items Radio transmission technology optimized for wideband mmWave spectrum Technology to overcome high Doppler effect
Efficient AFC algorithm both on downlink and uplink Technology to overcome high path loss of mmWave
Fixed or Adaptive beamforming DAS-MIMO Efficient handover protocol at high speed (@400 km/hr)
No drop time, No data loss mRU
wireless backhaul
mTE
DAS : Distributed Antenna System AFC : Automatic Frequency Control 8
Ⅱ MHN Radio transmission bandwidth
Considering both of available frequency resources and technical issue Basic : 125 MHz carrier aggregation
125 MHz
Frequency
9
Ⅱ MHN OFDM Symbols
Considered 400 km/h speed at 27 GHz carrier center frequency Considered delay spread for 1 km cell radius Subcarrier spacing 180 kHz and 1/8 CP
CP
CP
CP
CP
1 slot = 40 OFDM symbols = 250 us
6.25 us 0.69 us
5.56 us
10 10
Ⅱ MHN Multiple Access OFDM based structure for both downlink and uplink
Spectral efficiency of 4 bps/Hz can be achieved at 400 km/h speed •
Multiple mTE can share the frequency time resources 1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
.
.
.
33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40
12
11 10
50 RB (108 MHz)
Fast moving mTE can be served 2 Gbps services over 500 MHz full bandwidth
9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
slot
11 11
Ⅱ MHN AFC is important
Doppler shift impairment UL performance degradation fo feNB-TX
UE AFC
fUE-RX
feNB-RX
fo fUE-TX
feNB-RX
2fo
eNB
12
Ⅱ MHN Candidate frequencies Frequency Usage in Korea
13
Ⅱ MHN Beamforming Coverage (Highway case) Cell radius (distance between mRUs) : 1 Km
z(높이)
y(도로폭) x(거리)
40m
1000m
Antenna beam pattern to cover service area (Elevation/Azimuth) 14 14
Ⅱ MHN DAS-MIMO/Multi-flow Multi-flow based on DAS-MIMO structure
mGW Optical fiber mDU #0
mDU #1 X2 interface
mRU #0
mRU #1
mRU #2
mRU #3
mRU #4
mRU #5
mTE
15
Ⅱ MHN Two types of HO mGW
Intra-site Multi-flow
mDU2
Inter-site Multi-flow
mDU3
mRU1
mDU1 mRU2
X2
X2
mTE
RU9
16
Ⅱ MHN HO with multi-flow
17
III Future Plans Project outline Phase 1 - Derivation of core technologies - Development of wireless access technologies - Prototype development
1st year : Core technology development / Simulation verification
2nd year : FPGA level 625Mbps verification / Indoor demonstration 3rd year : FPGA level 1.25Gbps verification / Outdoor demonstration Phase 2 - Technology advancement - ASIC level 2.5 Gbps verification - Commercialization 18
Thank you
19
Technology for the Networked Society Dongjoo Park (
[email protected]) September 4, 2013
The starting point - 22 years ago GSM
Linus Torvalds Tim Berners-Lee
Vision and Technology trends for 5G | 2013-09-04 | Page 2
Result and a new starting point 2 B. Internet users
8 T. Sms sent 2011 Vision and Technology trends for 5G | 2013-09-04 | Page 3
6 B. Mobile subscriptions
35 B. Application downloads
80% Population coverage
1,4 B. Social media users
INFLECTION POINTS DRIVING OUR BUSINESS THINGS
50 billion
Digital society Sustainable world
Personal mobile Inflection points
Global connectivity
1875
1900
PEOPLE 5 billion
PLACES 1 billion 1925
Source: Ericsson Vision and Technology trends for 5G | 2013-09-04 | Page 4
1950
1975
2000
2025
Mobile traffic, voice and data M2M traffic to be added on top
Subscriber traffic in mobile access networks Monthy Petabytes (1015)
5 000
4 000 3 000
Mobile PC & Tablets
2 000 Mobile handheld 1 000 Voice 0 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
Source: Internal Ericsson DVB-H, Mobile WiMax, M2M and WiFi traffic not included This slide contains forward looking statements
Vision and Technology trends for 5G | 2013-09-04 | Page 5
Moving to the Networked Society
By 2020, everything that benefits from a network connection will be connected. Foundation is Mobility, Broadband and Cloud
Vision and Technology trends for 5G | 2013-09-04 | Page 6
Technologies for The Networked Society
+
+ Broadband
Mobility
Cloud
Service Awareness Network and Services Exposure Services Evolution Network Enabled Cloud Capacity, Cost & Flexibility Vision and Technology trends for 5G | 2013-09-04 | Page 7
Evolution of LTE › Enhanced performance and extended capabilities – Higher capacity, higher end-user data rates, improved energy efficiency, …
› New use cases – Local-area deployments, machine communication, NSPS, …
Improved Higher capacity energy efficiency
Mobile Broadband
Rel-8
LTE
Rel-9
Higher data rates Local-area enhancements New applications
Rel-10
LTE-A
Vision and Technology trends for 5G | 2013-09-04 | Page 8
Rel-11
Rel-12
Rel-13
Rel-14
5G Wireless access 1990
5G
= evolution of existing standards
2000
2010
2020
GSM Wi-Fi
3G 4G
+ complementary new technologies
Vision and Technology trends for 5G | 2013-09-04 | Page 9
New wireless technolo 5G
Future Wireless access Key challenges Massive growth in
Massive growth in
Wide range of
Traffic Volume
Connected Devices
Requirements & Characteristics
“1000x and beyond”
“50 billion devices”
•
Data rates
•
Latency
•
Reliability
•
Device energy consumption
•
Device cost
•
.....
Affordable and sustainable Vision and Technology trends for 5G | 2013-09-04 | Page 10
Future (“5G”) radio access A set of integrated radio-access technologies jointly enabling the long-term Networked Society
Multi-hop communication
Device-to-device communication and cooperative devices
Ultra-dense deployments
Ultra-reliable communication
Inter-vehicular / vehicular-to-road communication Massive machine communication
Vision and Technology trends for 5G | 2013-09-04 | Page 11
METIS: Fact Sheet › An Integrated Project under EU Framework Programme 7 › Budget: 27 M€ › Project Length: 30 months (from 2012-11-01 to 2015-04-30) › Resource: ~ 80 persons working full time
› Contact & Information: www.metis2020.com facebook.com/metis2020 twitter.com/metis2020 Vision and Technology trends for 5G | 2013-09-04 | Page 12
METIS: Objectives Lay the foundation & Ensure a global forum & Build an early global consensus for beyond 2020 “5G”mobile & wireless communications
Exploring new paradigms, fundamentals, system concepts
Optimisation / Standardisation
Beyon d 2020 system
Implementation
Further developments on fundamentals
2012 WRC’12
Vision and Technology trends for 5G | 2013-09-04 | Page 13
2015 WRC’15
2018 WRC’18
2020
METIS Structure WP7 Dissemination, Standardization and Regulation
WP5 Spectrum
Testbed
WP1 Scenarios, Requirements & KPIs
Testbed
WP4 Multi-RAT /Multi-layer Networks Propagation
Scenarios, KPIs
WP3 Multi-node/Multiantenna Transmissions
Testbed WP2 Radio Link Concepts Testbed
WP8 Project Management
Vision and Technology trends for 5G | 2013-09-04 | Page 14
Feedback
– WP1 (DoCoMo) – WP2 (Huawei) – WP3 (AlcatelLucent) – WP4 (NSN) – WP5 (Nokia) – WP6 (Ericsson) – WP7 (Ericsson) – WP8 (Ericsson)
Solutions
WP6 System Design and Performance
› Work Packages:
Concluding remarks › 5G system will meet our long-term vision of unlimited access to information and sharing of data available anywhere and anytime to anyone and anything › Technology coordination for a combination of integrated RATs, including evolved versions of LTE and HSPA, as well as specialized RATs for specific use cases
Vision and Technology trends for 5G | 2013-09-04 | Page 15
www.huawei.com
The Unlicensed Spectrum Usage for Future IMT Technologies Efficient LTE technologies enables better performance and experience Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.
Content WHY - Plentiful Resources but low Efficiency WHAT – LTE on unlicensed spectrum How – Key Tech. and Industry Development
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.
Page 2
Plentiful Unlicensed spectrum assigned – Not Ignore !!
Others: Band
Frequency Range (MHz)
ISM
24000-24250
ISM
61000-61500
Unlicensed PCS
2390-2400
Currently, the amount unlicensed spectrum assigned > the amount of licensed spectrum
In the near future, more unlicensed spectrum are planned to be allocated
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.
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A Popular technology on unlicensed spectrum: WiFi vs. LTE Coverage comparison
Peak rate comparison
TD-LTE 5.9GHz 20dBm(38m) WIFI
TD-LTE capacity is 1.09Gbps@80MHz,4X4MIMO
Low
WiFi capacity is 0.75Gbps@80MHz,4X4MIMO
5.9GHz 20dBm(28m)
Protocol design
Low
Overhead
Low Efficiency than LTE
LTE Pros. : Higher efficient scheduling mechanism Better QoS insurance Uniform OAM& SON Better Security
Simple but limited
Mobility and service continuity
DL resource efficiency
WiFi ： 52.4% to 4.8% TD-LTE：61.2% to 38.1%
Better power saving
WiFi：40.4%, 68.1% TD-LTE：30.9%, 33.3%.
Low Efficiency Unlicensed Spectrum is not fully used & Deployment is limited HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.
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High
Content WHY- Plentiful Resources but low Efficiency
WHAT – LTE on unlicensed spectrum How – Key Tech. and Industry Development
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.
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LTE on unlicensed spectrum - High Efficiency & Capacity complement
The natural advantages of LTE can improve the usage of unlicensed spectrum • • • •
Higher coverage Higher peak rate Lower overhead Higher Tx efficiency
As a good complement for LTE capacity, LTE on unlicensed spectrum can provide a better aggregating solution •
Capacity Complement
•
•
High Efficiency
•
Unlicensed secondary carriers: as capacity/offload layers Control and management based on licensed primary carrier Inherit most of the merits of LTE: manageable/security/control/etc. Make it easy to adapt LTE into fully unlicensed utilization
Here, LTE on unlicensed spectrum is named to “U-LTE” HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.
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Focuses on the Prioritized scenarios: Operator and Enterprise Main Application Scenarios for Unlicensed Spectrum
Resident
Public
Local
personal
Operators
Enterprise
Solutions to be applied:
WiFi self-evolution
Carrier WiFi @unlicensed
LTE-Hi
As secondary CR system
@unlicensed
As an integrated part of LTE licensed network, U-LTE is used in scenarios deployed by operators and enterprises. HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.
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Content WHY- Plentiful Resources but low Efficiency WHAT- LTE on unlicensed spectrum How – Key Tech. and Industry Development
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.
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U-LTE: Basic Principles What to be inherited from the LTE merits
Basic architecture: centralized scheduler & coordination between nodes Basic system BW, multiple access techniques (OFDMA on DL, SC-FDMA on UL) Basic numerology Basic mobility, security, QoS, etc.
Fit unlicensed: Self-Protection
Guarantee its quality of communication coexists with the other unlicensed systems, such as WiFi, Bluetooth, • multiple nodes or devices of coexist closely without planning. •
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.
Fit unlicensed: Fairness Guarantee the spectrum usage by the other unlicensed systems as fair as possible
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U-LTE: Three Use cases Type 1: Pico with co-located Licensed & unlicensed CA
Type 2: Macro with co-located or inter-site (with RRH) Licensed & unlicensed CA
Type 3: Macro with co-located Licensed & unlicensed CA
unlicensed spectrum has smaller range than licensed spectrum
unlicensed spectrum has similar range with good Beamforming
Note: The node transmission power is based on regulation requirements of Co-existence and Radiation safety HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.
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U-LTE: An integrated part of LTE licensed network
1. Secondary Carrier design • Option 1: DL only unlicensed carrier (FDD Pcell or TDD Pcell ) • Option 2: DL+UL unlicensed carrier (FDD Pcell or TDD Pcell
2. Co-existence
Feasibility & Efficiency
• 2.1 Inter-operator interference • 2.2 Inter-RAT system: Mainly WiFi
Better Experience • Implement the LTE valuable features (Mobility, QoS, security, …) through Pcell • Explore the wide band resources on unlicensed spectrum • It is beneficial to be compatible with the design of residential scenarios
Note: Pcell is Primary Cell
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Key point-1: Unlicensed Secondary carriers Design
Option 1: DL only unlicensed carrier (FDD Pcell or TDD Pcell )
Option 2: DL+UL unlicensed carrier (FDD Pcell or TDD Pcell)
If the QoS can be guaranteed, it is inclined to occupy unlicensed spectrum first. HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.
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Key Point-2.1: Inter operator interference Each operator has the equal right to access the unlicensed spectrum but without
coordinated geographical isolation among different eNodeBs.
Principal: Sensing or coordinating before using
It is beneficial to coordinate the occupying and releasing spectrum among different operators
Solution: Over-the air seems the only feasible way for coordination
X2 or wired line are not available between different operators
Static agreement can not be flexible
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Key Point-2.2: Principal on Coexistence with WiFi
Capacity Analysis : When the load become higher, the throughput of standalone WiFi decreases while the throughput of standalone
LTE still increases due to the different scheduling mechanisms. 140 121
Http download (Mbps)
97
100 80
TD-LTE DL WiFi DL
73 63
60
51
45.8
46.1
3 UEs
4 UEs
40 20
Cell edge UPT (Mbps)
113
120
0 1 UE
2 UEs
Besides the difference of scheduling mechanisms, due to HARQ, link adaptation based on receivers’ SINR, and periodic transmission of common channels in LTE, it is deduced that if LTE directly coexists with WiFi on the same unlicensed carrier, LTE will finally kick WiFi off when load is high.
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Key Point-2.2: Suggestions on Coexistence with WiFi
Friendly relations
Protocol Changes Less
LTE directly on unlicensed spectrum
No change to current standard
LTE on unlicensed spectrum with resource releasing after satisfy its own requirements
Adaptive Cell on/off; Channel Hopping; Time muting;
LTE on unlicensed spectrum with voluntary sacrifice
Sensing and conflict resolution; Resource coordination ; Flexible common channels; Fine time domain scheduling; Loose relationship between consequent transmissions, etc.
More HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.
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Industry Development: Business + Standardization + Chaining
LTE on unlicensed spectrum (U-LTE) Build a Healthy Industry ecosystem for U-LTE
Business: Cooperation with operators Make an available Business Model
Standardization: Focus on 3GPP Scope:
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RAN technologies changes based on LTE • RF coexistence study Timeline: Rel-13 •
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Chaining: Cooperation with operators, infrastructure, chipset, terminal vendors etc. Drive a mature industry chaining for U-LTE Page 16
Summary Scenarios
Technologies
Scenarios deployed by operators and enterprises are prioritized It is beneficial to be compatible with the design of residential scenarios
Aggregating unlicensed spectrum as the secondary component carriers with the licensed carriers Both Self-Protection and Fairness should be guaranteed LTE can provide configurable different level of fairness Inter operator coexistence should be handled Explore the wide band resources on unlicensed spectrum
Industry
Make an available business model with operators Standardization on RAN and RF technologies in 3GPP Drive a mature industry with operators, infrastructure, chipset, terminal vendors etc.
LTE on unlicensed Spectrum (U-LTE) HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.
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Thank you !
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