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Chapter 3 – Engine Room Plant (Motor Ship)
3.
Original Date: 01 Mar. 2008 Revision Date:
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Engine Room Plant (Motor Ship) Engine Room Plant consists of various machineries, arranged according to their functions and in some other way integrated to a single control system to ease the operation in one location. Main Propulsion Plant The power is being develop from the main engine and transfer the torque to the propeller via the shafting arrangement. This is the main plant in the engine room that provides power to propel the ship. When in operation, the watch keeper’s monitors and records various parameters such as pressure, temperatures etc. Any discrepancy of parameters from operating standards is being rectified. Fig. 3.1-1 Main Propulsion Plant
3.1.1 Shafting Arrangement To transmit the power of the main engine to the propeller, shafting arrangement is provided. The number of shafts and bearings varies depend on the design of the ships. In the modern ships, there is one thrust shaft, one or more intermediate shaft and a propeller shaft which are all supported by bearings. a. Thrust shaft is the shaft next to main engine which is connected to the flywheel and supported by the thrust bearing. The main purpose is to transmit the rotational thrust of the main engine connecting rod to the propeller. The thrust bearing maintains the alignment of the thrust shaft and absorb the axial thrusts that are being generated during transmission of force. b. The intermediate shaft is the intermediary shaft between the thrust shaft and the propeller shaft. One or more intermediate shaft is connected and the number
Chapter 3 – Engine Room Plant (Motor Ship)
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depends on the length of the engine to the propeller. The intermediate shaft is supported by an intermediate bearing and the plummer block. c. The propeller shaft is the last shaft connected in the shafting arrangement. One end of the shaft is tapered and where the propeller is seating. The propeller shaft is supported by the stern tube bearing with seals to prevent sea water leakage to the engine room. 3.2
Main Propulsion Plant Piping System Main propulsion plant requires various piping system for operation. The piping systems provides fuel oil, lubrication/cooling oil, cooling water, starting and control air, etc. Various equipments are also installed in the piping system such as pumps, tanks, filters, valves, sensors etc. These equipments provide the proper amount of lube oil/cooling water/fuel oil supply, correct pressure, temperature and flow direction to the engine are maintained. They are arranged systematically in the engine room according to their purpose and had provisions for easy facilitation of maintenance procedures. See Fig. 3.2-1 Simplified Main Propulsion Plant Piping System
3.2.1 Lubrication Oil Piping System Main purpose is to provide lubrication to reduce friction and resistance to sliding parts, provides cooling and prevention of corrosion to various moving parts of the diesel engine such as bearing’s, piston rings etc. Various lubrication piping systems is also connected, such as cylinder oil and piston cooling which has different function during operating condition. Hydraulic oil system is also provided for the operation of main engine exhaust valves and others. 3.2.2 Central Cooling Fresh Water Piping System Main purpose is to provide cooling water to the cylinder liner, cylinder head, exhaust valve, etc., during running operation of the diesel engine. It also allows warming procedure of the engine while on idling condition and provides heating to fresh water generator. In addition, the system also provides cooling water to L.O. Cooler and other heat exchangers. 3.2.3 Fuel Oil Piping System Provides fuel oil to the engine during running condition and facilitate warming condition of fuel oil at required temperature during idling condition. The fuel oil is circulated in the system to maintain the required temperature and to be readily available at all times. 3.2.4 Starting Air and Control Air Piping System The system provides compressed air for starting of the engine and for instrumentation purposes of various controls.
Chapter 3 – Engine Room Plant (Motor Ship)
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3.2.5 Central Cooling Sea Water Piping System The system provides cooling sea water to various coolers/condensers in the engine room. Sea water is taken directly from the sea, passes through the coolers/condenser and discharged overboard. Sea water is the primary cooling medium of the engine room machineries. In this system, the sea water is mainly supplied to Central Cooling Fresh Water Cooler. 3.2.6 Steam Service Piping System Steam being generated by Exhaust Gas Economizer or Boiler is supplied to various heaters and other equipments for heating and maintenance purposes. There are two ways that steam is being generated onboard; by means of exhaust gas economizer or the auxiliary boiler. Exhaust gas economizer produces required steam while the main engine is in navigational operation and auxiliary boiler is normally used during maneuvering or in port condition. 3.3
Plant Condition Plant condition differs according to the ship operational requirements and it is also corresponds to the ship situation and/or location. Plant condition commonly classified as:
3.3.1 Navigational Condition (At Sea) When the ship is navigating at sea, the main engine is in full operational condition and all main equipments are in full running condition. Intensive monitoring of various parameters is required. See Fig. 3.3.1-1 Simplified Main Propulsion Plant Piping System (Navigational Condition) 3.3.2 Maneuvering Condition (Entering and Leaving Port) The ship is in maneuvering operation for entering or leaving Port, channels etc. Main propulsion plant is use for maneuvering and speed varies from stop to full power as required. Reversing of propeller rotation is available and most of the machinery is in stand-by condition. See Fig. 3.3.2-1 Simplified Main Propulsion Plant Piping System (Entering and Leaving Port Condition) 3.3.3 In-Port Condition (Idling Condition) Main propulsion plant is not in used and keeps in warm condition. Minimum machineries are in running condition. Electrical generating equipment is maintained to supply power to various machineries as required. See Fig. 3.3.3-1 Simplified Main Propulsion Plant Piping System (In Port Condition)
Original Date: 01 Mar. 2008 Revision Date:
Chapter 3 – Engine Room Plant (Motor Ship)
Notes: 1. This piping system was based on the actual Very Large Container Vessels piping arrangement owned by NYK Line (NYK Terra, NYK Themis, & NYK Theseus). 2. Piping colors denotes the kind of fluid flowing in the system, e.g. blue (Fresh Water), red (F.O./D.O.), yellow (L.O.), green (S.W.),etc. 3. Arrows denotes the fluid flow direction in the system. 4. The arrangement of equipment as indicated by symbols follows the manufacturer finished plan and use for instructional purposes only. It was simplified to facilitate easy understanding of the user’s. 5. Some instruments / equipments symbols as per actual plan were omitted. Please refer to actual piping diagrams onboard for a complete piping system.
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Fig. 3.2-1 Simplified Main Propulsion Plant Piping System
M.D.O. SERV. TANK
EXH. GAS ECONOMIZER
L.S.H.F.O. SERV. TANK
F.W. EXPANSION TANK
TO G/E F.O. LINE
F.O. RETURN PIPE
BOILER F.O. SETT TANK
H.F.O. SERV. TANK
F.O. SUPPLY PUMP
3-WAY CHANGEOVER VALVE
HIGH SEA CHEST
F.O. CIRC. PUMP
BLR. F.O. HEATER
M.E. F.O. HEATER BOILER F.O. PUMP
6K-STEAM
CENTRAL F.W. COOLER
6K-STEAM
HIGH SUCTION STRAINER
VISCORATOR HOMOGENIZER
FWG EJECTOR PUMP
3-WAY TEMP. CTRL VALVE
AUX. BOILER
CYL.OIL MEAS. TANK
F.W. GENERATOR
TO AUX. COOL. LINE
M/E HYDRAULIC OIL SYSTEM
F M/E STARTING AIR SYSTEM
6K-STEAM
J.C.F.W. HEATE R
T/C
STEAM RETURN/DRAIN FROM 6K STEAM LINE
M.C. SEA WATER PUMP
CENTRAL COOL. F.W. PUMP
FROM AUX. COOL. LINE
3-WAY TEMP. CTRL VALVE
J.C.F.W. PUMP
F
M.G.P.S.
DEARATOR
M/E T/C L.O. COOLER
MAIN L.O. COOLER
AIR CLR
F
(M/E) HYUNDAI B&W
DUMP COND/ DRAIN COOLER
F
FERROUS ION
PISTON COOL. L.O. INLET
11K98ME-C
BACKWASH FILTER
3-WAY TEMP. CTRL VALVE
F LOW SUCTION STRAINER
MAIN L.O. PUMP
FEED FILTER TANK
M/E T/C L.O. TANK
L.O. SUMP TANK
LOW SEA CHEST
Chapter 3 – Engine Room Plant (Motor Ship)
Notes: 1. Lines description: Solid line means “active” piping’s Dotted line means “in-active” 2. Arrows denotes flow direction. 3. Piping condition indicated in the diagram is based in Navigational Condition of the ship. Condition may vary based on ship to ship basis.
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Fig. 3.3.1-1Simplified Main Propulsion Plant Piping System (Navigational Condition)
M.D.O. SERV. TANK
EXH. GAS ECONOMIZER
L.S.H.F.O. SERV. TANK
F.W. EXPANSION TANK
TO G/E F.O. LINE
F.O. RETURN PIPE
BOILER F.O. SETT TANK
H.F.O. SERV. TANK
F.O. SUPPLY PUMP
3-WAY CHANGEOVER VALVE
HIGH SEA CHEST
F.O. CIRC. PUMP
BLR. F.O. HEATER
M.E. F.O. HEATER BOILER F.O. PUMP
6K-STEAM
CENTRAL F.W. COOLER
6K-STEAM
HIGH SUCTION STRAINER
VISCORATOR HOMOGENIZER
FWG EJECTOR PUMP
3-WAY TEMP. CTRL VALVE
AUX. BOILER
CYL.OIL MEAS. TANK
F.W. GENERATOR
TO AUX. COOL. LINE
M/E HYDRAULIC OIL SYSTEM
F BOILER CIRC.PUMP
M/E STARTING AIR SYSTEM
6K-STEAM
J.C.F.W. HEATE R
T/C
STEAM RETURN/DRAIN FROM 6K STEAM LINE
M.C. SEA WATER PUMP
CENTRAL COOL. F.W. PUMP
FROM AUX. COOL. LINE
3-WAY TEMP. CTRL VALVE
J.C.F.W. PUMP
F
M.G.P.S.
DEARATOR
M/E T/C L.O. COOLER
MAIN L.O. COOLER
AIR CLR
F F FERROUS ION
(M/E) HYUNDAI B&W
DUMP COND/ DRAIN COOLER
11K98ME-C
T/C L.O. PUMP
FEED FILTER TANK
M/E T/C L.O. TANK FEED WATER PUMP
BACKWASH FILTER
3-WAY TEMP. CTRL VALVE
F LOW SUCTION STRAINER
MAIN L.O. PUMP
L.O. SUMP TANK
LOW SEA CHEST
Chapter 3 – Engine Room Plant (Motor Ship)
Notes: 1. Lines description: Solid line means “active” piping’s. Dotted line means “in-active”. 2. Arrows denotes flow direction. 3. Piping condition indicated in the diagram is based on Entering/Leaving Port Condition of the ship. Condition may vary based on ship to ship basis.
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Fig. 3.3.2-1 Simplified Main Propulsion Plant Piping System (Entering/Leaving Port Condition)
M.D.O. SERV. TANK
EXH. GAS ECONOMIZER
L.S.H.F.O. SERV. TANK
F.W. EXPANSION TANK
TO G/E F.O. LINE
F.O. RETURN PIPE
BOILER F.O. SETT TANK
H.F.O. SERV. TANK
F.O. SUPPLY PUMP
3-WAY CHANGEOVER VALVE
HIGH SEA CHEST
F.O. CIRC. PUMP
BLR. F.O. HEATER
M.E. F.O. HEATER BOILER F.O. PUMP
6K-STEAM
CENTRAL F.W. COOLER
6K-STEAM
HIGH SUCTION STRAINER
VISCORATOR HOMOGENIZER
FWG EJECTOR PUMP
3-WAY TEMP. CTRL VALVE
AUX. BOILER
CYL.OIL MEAS. TANK
F.W. GENERATOR
TO AUX. COOL. LINE
M/E HYDRAULIC OIL SYSTEM
F BOILER CIRC. PUMP
M/E STARTING AIR SYSTEM
6K-STEAM
J.C.F.W. HEATER
T/C
STEAM RETURN/DRAIN FROM 6K STEAM LINE
M.C. SEA WATER PUMP
CENTRAL COOL. F.W. PUMP
FROM AUX. COOL. LINE
3-WAY TEMP. CTRL VALVE
J.C.F.W. PUMP
F
M.G.P.S.
DEARATOR
M/E T/C L.O. COOLER
MAIN L.O. COOLER
AIR CLR
F F FERROUS ION
(M/E) HYUNDAI B&W
DUMP COND/ DRAIN COOLER
PISTON COOL. L.O. INLET
11K98ME-C
T/C L.O. PUMP
FEED FILTER TANK
M/E T/C L.O. TANK FEED WATER. PUMP
BACKWASH FILTER
3-WAY TEMP. CTRL VALVE
F LOW SUCTION STRAINER
MAIN L.O. PUMP
L.O. SUMP TANK
LOW SEA CHEST
Original Date: 01 Mar. 2008 Revision Date:
Chapter 3 – Engine Room Plant (Motor Ship)
Notes: 1. Lines description: Solid line means “active” piping’s. Dotted line means “in-active”. 2. Arrows denotes flow direction. 3. Piping condition indicated in the diagram is based in In Port Condition of the ship. Condition may vary based on ship to ship basis.
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Fig. 3.3.3-1 Simplified Main Propulsion Plant Piping System (In Port Condition)
M.D.O. SERV. TANK
EXH. GAS ECONOMIZER
L.S.H.F.O. SERV. TANK
F.W. EXPANSION TANK
TO G/E F.O. LINE
F.O. RETURN PIPE
BOILER F.O. SETT TANK
H.F.O. SERV. TANK
F.O. SUPPLY PUMP
3-WAY CHANGEOVER VALVE
HIGH SEA CHEST
F.O. CIRC. PUMP
BLR. F.O. HEATER
M.E. F.O. HEATER BOILER F.O. PUMP
6K-STEAM
CENTRAL F.W. COOLER
6K-STEAM
HIGH SUCTION STRAINER
VISCORATOR HOMOGENIZER
FWG EJECTOR PUMP
3-WAY TEMP. CTRL VALVE
AUX. BOILER
CYL.OIL MEAS. TANK
F.W. GENERATOR
TO AUX. COOL. LINE
M/E HYDRAULIC OIL SYSTEM
F BOILER CIRC. PUMP
M/E STARTING AIR SYSTEM
6K-STEAM
J.C.F.W. HEATER
T/C
STEAM RETURN/DRAIN FROM 6K STEAM LINE
M.C. SEA WATER PUMP
CENTRAL COOL. F.W. PUMP
FROM AUX. COOL. LINE
3-WAY TEMP. CTRL VALVE
J.C.F.W. PUMP
F
M.G.P.S.
DEARATOR
M/E T/C L.O. COOLER
MAIN L.O. COOLER
AIR CLR
F F FERROUS ION
(M/E) HYUNDAI B&W
DUMP COND/ DRAIN COOLER
PISTON COOL. L.O. INLET
11K98ME-C
T/C L.O. PUMP
FEED FILTER TANK
M/E T/C L.O. TANK FEED WATER PUMP
BACKWASH FILTER
3-WAY TEMP. CTRL VALVE
F LOW SUCTION STRAINER
MAIN L.O. PUMP
L.O. SUMP TANK
LOW SEA CHEST
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