Microprocessor and Microcontroller lecturer notes

EEET 323 Microprocessor and Microcontroller Engr.Imran Fazal Office Location Library Room No:108

Text Books • Microprocessor Architecture Programming and Application with 8085 by Ramesh S. Goankar (5th Edition) • The 8051 Microcontroller Architecture Programing and Applications by Kanneth J Ayala (2nd Edition)

Course Outline • Microprocessor Fundamentals • 8085 Instruction set and Programming • Microprocessor Interfacing and Application • Architecture of 8051 Microcontroller • 8051 Instruction set, Programming Interfacing and Application. • Intel 80x86 Family of Microprocessor • Superscaler and Itanium Processor

Introduction to Microprocessor It is multipurpose programmable ,clock driven register based electronic device that reads binary instruction from a storage (Memory) It takes binary data as input process data according to those instructions from storage and provides results as output.

µcomputer it consists of input unit central processing unit memory and output unit

µprocessor it is the central processing unit it can not work stand alone

µcontroller it is stand alone system that means memory and supporting devices are on chip

µcomputer

µprocessor

µcontroller

Hardware and Software • Hardware: The physical parts of the computers are hardware that are screen printer cpu, RAM ROM • Software: The non physical parts of the computers are software that are Windows, word, excel or assembly programs instruction data.

Tri State Logic • In digital electronics there are two logics that are 0 or 1 for single line system • WHEN THE SINGLE LINE IS SHARED BY VARIOUS DIGITAL COMPONENTS • The out put on the Shared LINE will destroyed AND OUTPUT WILL BE UNPREDICTABLE • A tri-state output has the same high and low levels as standard logic outputs but it has a third state, namely high impedance • A high impedance state means that the output is not transferred to the line

Buses • Address Bus • Data Bus • Control Bus

8085 Buses •

Address Bus: It is a group of wires or lines that are used to transfer the addresses of Memory or I/O devices. It is unidirectional. In Intel 8085 microprocessor, Address bus was of 16 bits. This means that Microprocessor 8085 can transfer maximum 16 bit address which means it can address (2^16 = 65,536) different memory locations. This bus is multiplexed with 8 bit data bus. So the most significant bits (MSB) of address goes through Address bus (A7-A0) and LSB goes through multiplexed data bus (AD0-AD7).

Data Bus: As name tells that it is used to transfer data within Microprocessor and Memory/Input or Output devices. It is bidirectional as Microprocessor requires to send or receive data. The data bus also works as address bus when multiplexed with lower order address bus. Data bus is 8 Bits long. The word length of a processor depends on data bus, thats why Intel 8085 is called 8 bit Microprocessor because it have an 8 bit data bus. Control Bus: Microprocessor uses control bus to process data, that is what to do with the selected memory location. Some control signals are Read, Write and Opcode fetch etc. Various operations are performed by microprocessor with the help of control bus. This is a dedicated bus, because all timing signals are generated according to control signal.

8085

Signals and I/O Pins

8085 Microprocessor