Microgrid Presentation

Introduction To Microgrid

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Out li ne Introduction to Microgrid. Microgrid Operating Modes. The Need of Microgrid. Interconnected Microgrids – Power Parks. Environmental Aspects. Conventional Grid versus Microgrid. Advantages & Disadvantages of Microgrid. Future Directions on Microgrid Research. References. 08/26/09

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Introductio n To Mic ro grid What is Microgrid? It is a small-scale power supply network that is

designed to provide power for a small community.

It enables local power generation for local loads. It comprises of various small power generating

sources that makes it highly flexible and efficient.

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Introductio n To Mic ro grid What is Microgrid? It is connected to both the local generating units

and the utility grid thus preventing power outages.

Excess power can be sold to the utility grid. Size of the Microgrid may range from housing

estate to municipal regions.

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Introductio n To Mic ro grid Microgrid Components Distributed Generation Loads Immediate storage Controller Point of Common Coupling

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Typical Microgrid is shown below:

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Pomelo, Indonesia - Village microgrid

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Micr ogrid Ope ra tin g Mod es Grid Connected Mode:  Utility grid is active.  Static switch is closed  All the feeders are being

supplied by utility grid.

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Micr ogrid Ope ra tin g Mod es Island Mode:  Utility grid is not supplying power  Static switch is open.  Feeder A, B, C are being supplied

by Microsources.  Feeder D (not sensitive )

is dead. 08/26/09

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The Ne ed Of Mic rog ri d Microgrid could be the answer to our energy

crisis. Transmission losses gets highly reduced. Microgrid results in substantial savings and cuts

emissions without major changes to lifestyles.

Provide high quality and reliable energy supply

to critical loads 08/26/09

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Interco nn ected Mic rog ri ds Interconnected Microgrids – Power Parks Practical size of Microgrids is limited to a few

MVA. For larger loads, it is desirable to interconnect

many Microgrids to form a larger Microgrid network called Power Parks.

The advantages of this Microgrid structure

insures greater stability and controllability for the 08/26/09 11 Power Parks.

En vir onm ent al Aspe cts Microgrid encourages the use of the renewable

energy sources. Large land use impacts are avoided. CO2 Emissions are reduced.

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Con vent ion al Grid v s. Micr ogrid Efficiency of conventional grid is very low as

compared to Microgrid. Large amount of energy in the form of heat is

wasted in conventional grid.

Power sources in case of Microgrid (often

referred to as Microsources) are small and are located in close proximity to load. 08/26/09

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Ad van tage s & Disadvant age s Microgrid Advantages  A major advantage of a Microgrid, is its ability, during

a utility grid disturbance, to separate and isolate itself from the utility seamlessly with little or no disruption to the loads within the Microgrid.

 In peak load periods it prevents utility grid failure by

reducing the load on the grid.

 Significant environmental benefits made possible by

the use of low or zero emission generators.

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Ad van tage s & Disadvant age s Microgrid Advantages The use of both electricity and heat permitted by

the close proximity of the generator to the user, thereby increasing the overall energy efficiency. Microgrid can act to mitigate the electricity costs

to its users by generating some or all of its electricity needs.

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Ad van tage s & Disadvant age s Microgrid Disadvantages  Voltage, frequency and power quality are three main

parameters that must be considered and controlled to acceptable standards whilst the power and energy balance is maintained.

 Electrical energy needs to be stored in battery banks

thus requiring more space and maintenance.

 Resynchronization with the utility grid is difficult.

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Ad van tage s & Disadvant age s Microgrid Disadvantages  Microgrid protection is one of the most important

challenges facing the implementation of Microgrids.

 Issues such as standby charges and net metering

may pose obstacles for Microgrid.

 Interconnection standards needs to be developed to

ensure consistency. IEEE P1547, a standard proposed by Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers may end up filling the void.

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Fut ure Dire ction s on Micr ogrid Re se arc h  To investigate full-scale development, field demonstration,

experimental performance evaluation of frequency and voltage control methods under various operation modes.

 Transition between grid connected and islanded modes on

interaction phenomena between distribution generation and high penetration of distributed generation.

Transformation of Microgrid system today into the

intelligent, robust energy delivery system in the future by providing significant reliability and security benefits.

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Re fere nces  A. A. Salam, A. Mohamed and M. A. Hannan. "TECHNICAL

CHALLENGES ON MICROGRIDS" (DECEMBER 2008)

http://www.arpnjournals.com/jeas/research_papers/rp_2008/jeas_1208_146.pdf

 S. Abu-Sharkha, R.J. Arnolde, J. Kohlerd, R. Lia, T. Markvarta, J.N.

Rossb, K. Steemersc, P. Wilsonb, R. Yaoc. "Can microgrids make a major contribution to UK energy supply?" (September 2004) http://eprints.ecs.soton.ac.uk/11276/1/Microgrids.pdf

 John Stevens. "Characterization of Microgrids in the United States",

Sandia National Laboratories (January 2005)

http://www.electricdistribution.ctc.com/pdfs/RDC_Microgrid_Whitepaper_1-705.pdf

 Robert H. Lasseter, Paolo Piagi. "Microgrid: A Conceptual Solution",

University 08/26/09

of Wisconsin-Madison (June 2004)

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Re fere nces  "Integration of Distributed Energy Resources - The CERTS MicroGrid

Concept", Consultant Report (October 2003)

http://www.pserc.org/cgipserc/getbig/researchdo/certsdocum0/certspubli/certsmicrogridwhitepaper.pd f

 "Why the Microgrid Could Be the Answer to Our Energy Crisis" http://www.fastcompany.com/magazine/137/beyond-the-grid.html

 "How a Microgrid Works" http://science.howstuffworks.com/microgrid.htm

 “The Rise of MicroGrid Power Networks" http://www.sustainablefacility.com/Articles/Feature_Article/58905d08bd62901 0VgnVCM100000f932a8c0____ 08/26/09

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Thank You

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Queries? 08/26/09

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