Micro Para Reviewer

MICROBIOLOGY & PARASITOLOGY

1.

Many Many of of this this type type of bacte bacteria ria do not not poss possess ess supe superox roxide ide dismu dismutas tase e and and catal catalase ase  A. obligate aerobes aerobes B. obli obliga gate te anaero anaerobe bes s C. facultat facultative ive anaerob anaerobes es D. microa microaer erop ophil hiles es p. 66

2.

It is is the the peri period od he hen n the the bacte bacteriu rium m is asse assessi ssing ng the the nutri nutrien ents ts pre presen sentt in mediu medium! m! the the bacterium does not divide but there is an intense metabolic activity. "he phase of bacterial groth is A. Lag #. $og C. %tat %tatio iona nary ry D. Decli eclin ne p. &'

'.

(hic (hich h the the best best to ster steril ili) i)e e scis scisso sors rs and and oth other er shar sharps ps* * A. Glut Glutara arald ldeh ehyd yde e #. +orm +ormal alde dehy hyde de C. Iod Iodopho ophor  r  D. ,henol p. 6-

.

"hes "hese e are are group groups s of gene genes s that that are are clus cluste tered red toget together her in the the D/A D/A of some some bacte bacteria riall species and hich may enable them to invade a host A. Pathoge Pathogeni niity ity island island #. 0pisome somes s C. "rans ranspo poso sons ns D. epli eplico cons ns p. 3

&.

(hic (hich h is is tru true e abo about ut the the bac bacte teri rial al chro chromo moso some me* *  A. Contains Contains histones histones that stabili)e stabili)e the the D/A #. Composed Composed of a single pair pair of homologous homologous chromosomes chromosomes C. eplicates eplicates in a very differe different nt manner from from that of eu4aryotic eu4aryotic chromosomes chromosomes !. Contai Contain n single single o"y o"y o# eah eah gene gene p. 

6.

A non5e non5enca ncaps psula ulate ted d stra strain in of of emo emophi philus lus influ influen) en)ae ae ac7 ac7uir uires es the the gen gene e for for caps capsule ule production from a D/A extract of another encapsulated strain. "he event that has occurred is  A. "ransformati "ransformation on B. Con$ Con$ug ugat atio ion n C. "ransdu ransduct ction ion D. "ranscr ranscript iption ion p. 1-6

1

8.

(hat (hat is the the subs substan tance ce pri primar marily ily res respon ponsi sible ble for for the the stru struct ctura urall integ integrit rity y of the the bact bacteri erial al cell all and is susceptible to lyso)yme*  A. Cytoplasmic Cytoplasmic membrane membrane #. "eicho eichoic ic acid acid C. Pe"t Pe"tid idog ogly lya an n D. $ipo $ipopol polys ysacc acchar haride ide p. 22

3.

A hospi hospital tali)e i)ed d patie patient nt ith ith dysur dysuria ia and and supra suprapu pubic bic pain pain is is treat treated ed ith ith cipr ciprofl ofloxa oxaci cin. n. (hat is the mechanism of action of this antibiotic*  A. It inhibits inhibits D/A5depende D/A5dependent nt /A polymerase polymerase #. It inhibits inhibits protein synthesis synthesis by binding binding to the '-% ribosomal ribosomal subunit subunit C. It inhibits protein protein subunits subunits by binding binding to the &-% &-% ribosomal ribosomal subunit !. It inhibit inhibits s to"oiso%eras to"oiso%erase e II !'A !'A gyrase( p. 16

.

(hich (hich bacte bacteria riall stru struct ctur ure e may may carry carry gene gene for for anti antibi bioti otic c resi resist stanc ance* e*  A. Mesosome #. ,eri ,eripl plas asm m C. Plas Plas%i %id d D. 9ute 9uterr membr membran ane e p. 3

1-. 1-.

(hat (hat is is the the predo predomin minan antt ind indige igenou nous s flor flora a of of the the colon colon* * A. Anaerobi) Anaerobi) gra%*negat gra%*negati+e) i+e) non*s"ore* non*s"ore*#or%in #or%ing g bateria bateria #. Anaerobic: Anaerobic: gram5posit gram5positive: ive: non5spore5formin non5spore5forming g bacteria bacteria C. Aerobic: Aerobic: gram5negative gram5negative:: non5spore5fo non5spore5forming rming bacteria D. Aerobic: Aerobic: gram5posit gram5positive: ive: spore5forming spore5forming bacteria p. 1

11.

(hich (hich of the the foll follo oing ing is the the tru true e rega regardi rding ng the the bac bacter terial ial cell* cell* A. e motility of bacteria is due to flagella: axial filaments or cilia B. "he ability to coloni)e cell surfaces is dependent on toxic production C. The ability ability to sur+i+e sur+i+e in soil #or #or a long "eriod "eriod o# ti%e is de"enden de"endentt on the "rodution o# endos"ores !. It has the same ribosomes as that of a eu4aryotic cells p. '&

12.

(hich (hich of the folloi folloing ng is is the the counte counterpa rpart rt of of mitoch mitochond ondria ria in a bacteria bacteriall cell* cell*  A. Cell all all #. 0ndo 0ndosp spor ores es C. ibos ibosom omes es !. Cell Cell %e%b %e%bran rane e p. 18

1'. 1'.

(hich (hich of the the foll follo oing ing agents agents posse possess ss eith either er D/A D/A or /A /A* * A. ,iruse ruses s #. ,rions C. #act #acter eria ia D. +ungi p. 2 2

8.

(hat (hat is the the subs substan tance ce pri primar marily ily res respon ponsi sible ble for for the the stru struct ctura urall integ integrit rity y of the the bact bacteri erial al cell all and is susceptible to lyso)yme*  A. Cytoplasmic Cytoplasmic membrane membrane #. "eicho eichoic ic acid acid C. Pe"t Pe"tid idog ogly lya an n D. $ipo $ipopol polys ysacc acchar haride ide p. 22

3.

A hospi hospital tali)e i)ed d patie patient nt ith ith dysur dysuria ia and and supra suprapu pubic bic pain pain is is treat treated ed ith ith cipr ciprofl ofloxa oxaci cin. n. (hat is the mechanism of action of this antibiotic*  A. It inhibits inhibits D/A5depende D/A5dependent nt /A polymerase polymerase #. It inhibits inhibits protein synthesis synthesis by binding binding to the '-% ribosomal ribosomal subunit subunit C. It inhibits protein protein subunits subunits by binding binding to the &-% &-% ribosomal ribosomal subunit !. It inhibit inhibits s to"oiso%eras to"oiso%erase e II !'A !'A gyrase( p. 16

.

(hich (hich bacte bacteria riall stru struct ctur ure e may may carry carry gene gene for for anti antibi bioti otic c resi resist stanc ance* e*  A. Mesosome #. ,eri ,eripl plas asm m C. Plas Plas%i %id d D. 9ute 9uterr membr membran ane e p. 3

1-. 1-.

(hat (hat is is the the predo predomin minan antt ind indige igenou nous s flor flora a of of the the colon colon* * A. Anaerobi) Anaerobi) gra%*negat gra%*negati+e) i+e) non*s"ore* non*s"ore*#or%in #or%ing g bateria bateria #. Anaerobic: Anaerobic: gram5posit gram5positive: ive: non5spore5formin non5spore5forming g bacteria bacteria C. Aerobic: Aerobic: gram5negative gram5negative:: non5spore5fo non5spore5forming rming bacteria D. Aerobic: Aerobic: gram5posit gram5positive: ive: spore5forming spore5forming bacteria p. 1

11.

(hich (hich of the the foll follo oing ing is the the tru true e rega regardi rding ng the the bac bacter terial ial cell* cell* A. e motility of bacteria is due to flagella: axial filaments or cilia B. "he ability to coloni)e cell surfaces is dependent on toxic production C. The ability ability to sur+i+e sur+i+e in soil #or #or a long "eriod "eriod o# ti%e is de"enden de"endentt on the "rodution o# endos"ores !. It has the same ribosomes as that of a eu4aryotic cells p. '&

12.

(hich (hich of the folloi folloing ng is is the the counte counterpa rpart rt of of mitoch mitochond ondria ria in a bacteria bacteriall cell* cell*  A. Cell all all #. 0ndo 0ndosp spor ores es C. ibos ibosom omes es !. Cell Cell %e%b %e%bran rane e p. 18

1'. 1'.

(hich (hich of the the foll follo oing ing agents agents posse possess ss eith either er D/A D/A or /A /A* * A. ,iruse ruses s #. ,rions C. #act #acter eria ia D. +ungi p. 2 2

1.

Most pathoge pathogenic nic microorg microorgani anism sm gro best at the temperat temperature ure range range of of about about ;;;;;. ;;;;;.  A. 1&52- !. Baterial #lagella are not antigeni in hu%ans #acterial flagella are made of proteins and are useful in distinguishing serovars or variation of gram negative bacteria such as 0. coli . antigens %al.  .antigens. eferenceB Linsser. Chapter '

==.

"he most common site of asymptomatic gonococcal infection in omen is theB A. B. C. !.

Eagina Myometrium Jrethra 5ndoer+i1

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"he columnar epithelial cells here are the ones that are being infected by /. gonorrhea.=A>. Eaginal alls composed of stratified s7uamous epithelial cells hich are not coloni)ed. =#> and =C> are not affected. eferenceB Linsser p. &6 =3.

"he folloing etiologic agents are 4non to cause diarrhea 0C0,"B A. Clostridium perfringens B. otavirus C. E. cholera !. Proteus +ulgaris ,rotues vulgaris produce urinary tract infection. C. clostridium perfringens diarrhea thru itFs invasiveness so blood and mucus is => E. cholera5produced diarrhea by virtue of enterotoxin. otavirus most common cause of viral gastroenteritis in small children. eferenceB Linsser p. &&2

=-.  A 2- year old male developed a carbuncle ith surrounding cellulitis. ram stain revealed gram positive cocci: catalase and coagulase positive. (hich of the folloing antibiotics is initially appropriate for this patient* A. Eancomycin B. Clo1aillin C. Cefriaxone !. ,enicillin

-N of %. aureus strains are resistant to penicillin because pf production of plasmid5derived O5lactamses. %uch organisms can be treated ith O5 lactamase5resistant penicillin such as cloxacillin or dicloxacillin oxacillin. 9xacillin and /afcillin have unpredictable absorption by oral route: thus is not recommended eferenceB Linsser p. 12 =2.

(hich of the folloing features help distinguish group A streptococcus from other streptococcal species* A. Baitrain suse"tibility B. #ile solubility C. 9ptochin sensitivity !. roth inhibition in 6.& N /aCl roup A streptococcus is a O5hemolytic streptococcus and can usually be distinguished from the other O5hemolytics by its bacitracin susceptibility or by precipitation ith specific anti sera =against its P$ancefrield antigenP>. #ile solubility test and optochin test distinguishes the $5hemolytic streptococci: %. pneumoniae is bile soluble and optochin sensitive. Among the hemolytic streptococci: %. viridans groth is inhibited by 6.&N /aCl hile 0nterococcus species gros in 6.&N /aCl. eferenceB Linsser p. 1

=.

(hich of the folloing Clostridia cause gangrene* A. Clostridium tetani B. Clostridium botulinum C. Clostridiu% "er#ringens !. Clostridium difficile C. tetani causes loc4a. C. botilinum causes botulism. C. difficile causes antibiotic associated pseudomembranous colitis. C. perfringens cause gasgangrene and +ood poisoning. eferenceB Linsser p. 6' 16

=.

"his gram positive rod is usually associated ith bacterial vaginosis producing malodorous vaginal discharge and Pclue cellsP A. 0rysipelothrix rhusopathiae B. $actobacillus acidophilus C. Gardenella +aginalis !. ,ropionibacterium acnes 0. rhusopathiae causes erysipeloid s4in infection that resembles erysipelas occurring among meat and fish handlers. $. acidphilus is normal flora of genital tract and is the main source of lactic acid. ,. acnes produces lipase hich contributes to the genesis of acne. eferenceB Linsser p. 6-56-&

=/.

(hich of the folloing organisms is M9%" li4ely to involve invasion of the intestinal mucosa. A. Eibrio cholera B. Shigella sonnei C. 0nterotoxigenic 0. coli !. Clostridium botulinum %higella sonnei is the only invasive: presence of blood and mucus in the stool. Clostridium botilinum : E. cholera and 0nterotoxigenic 0. coli causes diarrhea by producing enterotoxin eferenceB Linsser p. &61

=>.

+ood poisoning that produces gastrointestinal symptoms approximately 152 hours after eating is most li4ely to be due toB A. %almonella enteritidis B. Campylobacter euni C. Clostridium perfringens !. Sta"h. aureus %taph aureus Q the incubation period is 152 hrs. after ingestion of contaminated food. %al. enteritidis Q 6 hrs. Q 2 days. Campylobcacter Q 3 hrs. Q l day. C. perfringens Q 3 hrs. Q 12 hrs. #acillus aureus Q 3 hrs. Q 12 hrs. E. cholera Q 2 Q ' days. E. parahaemolyticus Q 3 hrs. Q 2 days eferenceB Linsser p. 12

=.  A '- year old pregnant oman had a normal delivery but the fetus as stillborn. C%+ examination shoed positive rods. "he pathogen is most li4elyB A. Listeria %onoytogenes B. ardenerella vaginalis C. roup # %treptococcus !. %taphylococcus aureus

$isteria monocytogenes is a gram positive rod and can infect pregnant omen and poses the threat of stillbirth or serious damage to the fetus and also cause neurological disease. ardenella vaginalis gives rise to frothy: fishy odor vaginal discharge: it can also cause premature births and lo5birth5 eight infants. eferenceB Linsser 3

17

==.

(hich of these organisms is a maor pathogen for nosocomial infections because of its ubi7uitous present in the hospital environment* A. %taph. Aureus B. %taph. 0pidermidis C. %erratia marcescens !. Pseudo%onas aeroginosa ,seudomonas aeruginosa: %. aureus 5 yello gold pigment hen cultured at room temperature. %: epidermidis 5 hite pigment hen cultured at room temperature. %erratia marcescens 5 red pigment eferenceB Linsser p. &88

===.  An individual experiences severe diarrhea after eating sushi =ra fish> in a (est Coast restaurant. "he most probable etiologic agent isB A. Rersenia enterocolitica B. %almonella enteritidis C. %higella sonnei !. ,ibrio "arahae%olytius

Eibrio parahaemolyticus 5 is a salt loving organism and found in fishes. %almonella enteritidis 5 found in chic4en: pig. Rersenia enterocolitica5 reserviors rodents eferenceB Linsser p. &81 ==3.

(hen symptoms to typhoid fever first become apparent: %almonella typhi is most fre7uently isolated fromB A. +eces B. Jrine C. Blood !. #one marro #lood 5 on the first ee4 of infection: +eces 5 second ee4. Jrine 5 third ee4. eferenceB Linsser p. &6'

==-.

"he area in the body here %almonella typhi resides if one is a chronic carrier  A. small intestine B. 4idney C. blood stream !. gall bladder  all bladder 5 here organisms are found and are excreted in the stool and urine of the chronic carrier of %almonella. eferenceB Linsser p. &62

==2.  A ' year old boy as diagnose to have meningitis C%+ culture on Chocolate agar shoed groth of small gram negative rods. "he most probable etiologic agent isB A. /. meningitides B. %. aureus C. roup # %treptococcus !. 4. in#luen@ae ty"e b

. influen)ae type b 5 is the most commonly isolated etiologic gram negative rods causing meningitis. /. meningtidis 5 gram negative plo. roup # %trep 5 gram positive cocci. eferenceB Linsser p. 62

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==.  Among the gram negative rods producing gastroenteritis: the most infectious isB A. E. cholera B. 0. coli =-1&8> C. %al. "yphimurium !. Shig. !ysenteriae ty"e =

%higella 5 only 2-- cells is enough to cause diarrhea hile A5C you need to 1- ' 5 1- & cells to produce infection. eferenceB "ortora et al ==.

,neumococci primarily cause disease byB A. toxin production B. en)yme production C. eluding "hagoytosis and #a+oring in+asi+eness !. producing delayed immunologic reaction ,neumococci does not produce toxins and en)ymes. Capsules are virulence factors hich interfere ith phagocytosis and favoring invasiveness. eferenceB Linsser p. '&

==/.

"he formation of pseudomembrane in diphtheria is due toB A. inhibitions by to1in o# "rotein synthesis by A!P ribosyslation o# 5D*3 B. spores hich spread subcutaneously C. invasion of mononuclear phagocytic cells !. neutrali)ation of exotoxin by antibody of bloc4ing the interaction of fragment # ith receptors Diphtheria toxin inhibits protein synthesis of eu4aryotic cells thereby causing cell death. ,seudomembrane formation is due to accumulation of necrotic tissue. eferenceB Linsser p. 33

==>.

$yme disease is an endemic inflammatory disorder ith this distinctive s4in disorder.  A. Chronic dermatitis #. erythema marginatum C. erythe%a hroniu% %igrans D. ecthyma gangrenosum 0rythema chronicum migrans is a tic45borne associated syndrome. eferenceB $ippincott Illustrated evie in Microbiology p. 22&

==.

%erology in the diagnosis of %yphilis using a non5treponemal tests is the folloing 0C0,"B A. Microhemagglutination assay B. ,enereal !isease Researh Laboratory C. +luorescent Antibody "ests !. eiter ,rotein Complement +ixation "o different types of test are used. /on5treponemal tests detects (asserman or reagenic antibodies! a fe examples of the nontreponemal tests include ED$: automated regin: ahn: plasmacrit: inton and line tests. "reponemal tests detect antibodies specific for treponemal antigens! they include +"ASA#%: ". pallidium immunoboli)ation and hemagglutination tests. eferenceB Linsser p. 66'566

19

=3.

Mycoplasmas are very pleomorphic and cannot be classified as to shape because they lac4 the folloingB A. Pe"tidoglyan B. lipid bilayer C. nucleus !. lipopolysaccharide $ac4ing cell alls: mycoplasmas are enclosed instead by a membrane composed of a lipid bilayer. "hey are therefore plastic and very pleomorphic. eferenceB Linsser p. 8''

=3=.  A definitive identification of M. tuberculosis can be obtained by doing the folloing procedure* A. Liehl5/eelsen stain B. ADB Culture C. #iopsy of "uberculin test !. /ucleic acid amplification

Cultures can detect small numbers of organism in the original sample. "he presence of Acid5fast organism on Liehl /eelsen cannot distinguish on morphologic groups M. tuberculosis from the other mycobacteria that are saprophytic. /ucleic acid amplification utili)es en)ymes that rapidly I% ribosomal /A hich can be used for patients ith positive smears and hile culture results are pending. eferenceB $ippincott Illustrated evie for Microbiology p. 2&1 =33.

ifamficin a broad antimicrobial agent is effective treatment for tuberculosis byB A. selective inhibition of the biosynthesis of the arabinogalactan and lipo5 arabinomannan B. mediating drug permeability and efflux C. Inhibiting peptidoglycan synthesis by bloc4ing action of D5alanise synthesis !. binding to R'A "oly%erase thereby inter#ering 6ith %R'A synthesis ifamficin is a broad spectrum antimicrobial agent that acts the interferring ith the synthesis of m/A by binding to /A polymerase. %elective inhibitions by ethamentol of the biosynthesis of arabinogalactan and lipoarabinomannan: 4ey structural components of the mycobacterial cell all. Cyclosine inhibits synthesis of peptidoglycan by bloc4ing the action of the D5 alanine synthetase. eferenceB "ortora p. &61

=3-.

In primary disease: M. tuberculosis survives and gros ithin these host cells A. %aro"hages B. basophils C. neutrophils !. eosinophils M. tuberculosis may continue to survive and remain dormant in activated macrophages here it is protected from phagocytosis eferenceB $ippincott Illustrated evie of Microbiology p. 28

=32.

Members of the genus ic4ettsia are morphologically H biochemically similar to A. gram5positive bacteria B. gra% negati+e bateria C. clostridia !. viruses

20

ic4ettsias are short5rod shaped or cocci bacillary organisms measuring -.3 to 2.- um long eferenceB $ippincott Illustrated evie of Microbiology p. 2& =3.

"he hallmar4 of viral infection of the cell is the production of  A. inclusion bodies B. multinucleated giant cells C. yto"athi e##et !. granule formation "he hallmar4 of viral infection of the cell is the cytopathic effect. "his change begin ith a rounding and dar4ening of the cell and culminates in either lysis or giant cell formation. Infected cells fre7uently contain inclusion bodies hich are discrete areas containing viral particles. eferenceB Linsser p. '

=3.

"he complete infectious forms of epatitis # isB A. #eAg B. !ane "artiles C. #sAg !. #cAg "he Dane particle is the complete form of epatitis # hereas the antigens are subunit forms of the surface and core of the virus. eferenceB Linsser p. 1--

=3/.

(hich of the folloing virusKes containKs emagglutinin on its surface* A. epatitis # B. epatitis C C. In#luen@a +irus !. all of the above "he antigen hemagglutinin is characteristic of Influen)a virus. eferenceB Linsser p. &

=3>.

In their multiplication: they produce D/A hich is integrated into the cell genome. A. 4e"adna+irus B. eovirus C. ,icornavirus !. erpesvirus epadnavirus transforms non5permissive cells by integration of D/A transcripts into host cell genome. "hey carry an /A5dependent D/A polymerase =reverse transcriptase>. eferenceB Linsser p. 31-

=3.

"he most common intrauterine viral infection is caused byB A. Cyto%egalo+irus B. ubella C.  Adenovirus !. erpes simplex Cytomegalovirus accounts for the biggest T of intrauterine infection folloed by rubella. eferenceB Linsser p. 62

21

=-.

%mallpox as eradicated by the global use of vaccine hich containsB A. 4illed virus B. attenuated li+e +irus C. preformed antibodies !. preformed antibodies and live attenuated virus %mallpox disease as eradicated by use of a live attenuated vaccine. $ive vaccine are used because duration of immunity is longer ith greater effectiveness of protection: both IgA and Ig are elicited hen administered by the natural route of infection hich is intradermally here the virus replicates. Cell mediated immunity is produced. eferenceB Linsser p. 

=-=.

"he most important laboratory test for the detection of early epatitis # virus infection isB A. i%%unoassay #or 4BsAg B. immunoassay for #eAg C. immunoassay for Anti #c !. immunoassay for Anti #s #sAg appears during the incubation period and is detectable in most patients during the prodrome and acute phase! falls to undetectable levels during convalescence. #eAg arises during the incubation period and is present during the prodome and early acute disease. Its presence is an important indicator of transmissibility. Anti #c is detectable during prodrome and acute disease. Anti #s is detectable during late convalescence. eferenceB Linsser p. 1-'

=-3.  A common upper respiratory tract disease produced by adenovirus isB A. hinitis B. atypical pneumonia C. "haryngoon$unti+itis !. parotitis

 Adenoviruses cause a variety of upper and loer respiratory tract disease. ,haryngoconunctivitis is common. eferenceB Linsser p. 8=--.

"he virus that is increasingly being recogni)ed as cause of nonbacterial infant diarrhea A. etrovirus B. Rota+irus C. 9rbivirus !. Calicivirus otavirus gastroenteritis is one of the most common childhood illness and a leading cause of infant deaths in developing countries. eferenceB Linsser p. '

=-2. In the laboratory this protein from Influen)a virus agglutinates red blood cells hereas in vivo: it binds to the surface receptor of the host cell to initiate infection. A. 4e%agglutinin B. /euramidase C. emolysin !. capsid antigen

"he Influen)a virus has an envelope covered ith 2 different spi4es emagglutinatinin and neuramidase. emagglutination initiates infection in the host and in the lab causes agglutination of #CUs. /euramidase cleaves

22

neuramic acid =sialic acid> to release progeny virus from the infected cell. emolysin is from bacterial cells and causes hemolysis of #C. eferenceB Linsser p. 883 =-.

In the prevention of poliomyeletis: the use of oral vaccine is preferred becauseB A. indues intestinal IgA B. induces humoral Ig C. can produce lifelong immunity !. can produce immunity to unimmuni)ed adults "he oral vaccine or %abin vaccine hich is a live attenuated vaccine is preferred over the %al4 vaccine or 4illed vaccine because =1> it interrupts fecal5oral transmission by inducing secretory IgA in the I"! 4illed vaccine does not. #oth 4inds of vaccine induce humoral Ig. Infection provides lifelong type specific immunity. eferenceB Linsser p. 31

=-. and5foot5and5mouth disease characteri)ed by versicular rash on the hands and feet and ulcerations in the mouth: mainly in children is caused byB A. 0chovirus B. ,arainfluen)a virus C. Co1sa8ie +irus Grou" A !. Coxsac4ie virus roup #

0chovirus causes aseptic meningitis. ,arainfluen)a causes croup. Coxsac4ie # causes pleurodynia. Coxsac4ie A causes herpangina and hand5foot5and5 mouth disease. eferenceB Linsser p. 88 =-/.

"he most common fungal opportunistic infection is caused byB A.  Aspergillus fumigatus B. Cryptococcus neoformans C. Candida albians !. Mucor  Candida albicans 5 it is endogenous: a lot of ris4 factors li4e pregnancy: diabetic person: prolonged used of antibiotic: used of birth control pills eferenceB Linsser p. 11'

=->.

"he most common mode of infection of systemic fungi is thruB A. ingestion B. traumatic implantation C. inhalation !. all of the above Inhalation of infectious particles =spores> hich are suspended in the air. eferenceB Linsser p. 1-1

=-. A & year old post 4idney transplant patient develop fever and pneumonia ith mar4ed neutropenia. #ronchial ashing sho dichotomously branching filamentous fungi. "he fungi involved isB A. sprorothrix B. cryptococcus C. candida !. as"ergillus

23

In immunocompromised patient: inhalation of spores of Aspergillus can lead to pneumonia and are seen as dichotomous branching hyphae =filamentous>. eferenceB Linsser p. 1128 =2. In a 8 year old malnourished boy ith multiple nematode infections: the most severe complication ill come fromB A. Asaris lu%brioides B. "richuris trichiura C. /ecator americanus !. 0nterobius vermicularis

 Ascaris has a tendency to migrate to other openings causing more severe disease. eferenceB #ron 6 th ed. p. 11512: oberts and Vanovy p. 22 =2=.

$oefflerFs syndrome can be seen in the folloing parasitic infections 0C0,"B A.  Ascariasis B. %trongyloidiasis C. /ecatoriasis !. Trihuriasis $oefflerFs syndrome is eosinophilic lung. As the parasitic larvae =rhaditiform for Ascaris: filariform for %trongyloides and /ecator> travels to the pulmonary5 circulatory system: the body reacts ith an anaphylactic type of hypersensitivity that produces the eosinophilic lung condition. "richuris does not have a pulmonary circulatory pathay. eferenceB #ron 6 th ed. p. 11: 126: 1'-! oberts H Vanovy p. '36: 22

=23.  All cestodes re7uire an intermediate host 0C0,"B A. Diphyllobothrium latum B. "aenia saginata C. 4y%enole"is nana !. 0chinococcus granulosus

Man gets . nana infection by ingesting the eggs directly. All other cestodes re7uire an intermediate host eferenceB #ron 6 th ed. p. 12 =2-.

Cysticercosis due to "aenia solium is ac7uired through ingestion ofB A. cysticercus larva B. cysticercoid larva C. procercoid larva !. egg  A more dangerous se7uence can occurs hen a person ingests the egg of "aenia solium in contaminated food or ater rather than eating ra or undercoo4ed por4 containing the larva cystercus. Cysticercoid larva pertains to D. caninum and . nana. ,rocercoid larva is for D. latum. "he ingested egg hatch in the small intestines and the oncopheres burro through the all into a blood vessel: here they can disseminate to many organs. "his condition is called cysticercosis. eferenceB #ron 6 th ed. p. 2-8

24

=22.

"he infective stage to man of /ecator americanus isB A. rhabditiform larva B. #ilari#or% lar+ae C. embryonated egg !. Microfilaria +ilariform larvae of hoo4orms penetrate the s4in eferenceB oberts H Vanovy p. 1-

=2.

"his cestode possess a 7uadrate scolex ith  circular suc4ers and no rostellum or hoo4letsB A. Diphyllobothrium latum B. ymenolepis nana C. Taenia saginata !. 0chinococcus granulosus D. latum has an elongated scolex. . nana has a globular scolex ith  suc4ers: a short retractile rostellum armed ith a single ro of hoo4lets. 0. granulosus has  suc4ers ith a rostellum and a double ro of hoo4lets. eferenceB #ron 6 th p. 1: oberts H Vanovy p. '''

=2.  Amoebic abscess of the liver is mostly found in the A. left anteromedial lobe B. right "osterosu"erior lobe C. inferior lobe !. middle lobe

%pread of amoeba from the large intestines is by the portal vein and deposit on the right posterosuperior lobe eferenceB Chatteree p. 2& =2/.

$ittle Voey as fre7uently sic4 of various infectious diseases. e as found to have lo CD lymphocytes titers. (hich of the folloing immune response processes ould still be functional in VoeyFs body* A. " cell help for # lymphocytes B. ecognition of peptide5MC complex C. Phagoyti #untion #or #oreign %oleules !. "5dependent antigen recognition "his is an innate natural cellular immune ability of the host to respond to foreign molecules hich is independent of the "h series. eferenceB %tanley p. 2! 12

=2>.

"he host immune response in viral infections is mostly byB A. "h cells B. # cells C. T ells !. / cells Eiral infections produce endogenous peptides hich are presented on the surface of cells in conunction ith MC Class 2. "hese are recogni)e primarily by "c cells. # cells are mostly for exogenous peptides that are antibody mediated mainly stimulated by "h cells hile the / cellsF maor activity is to directly destroy aberrant cells such as in cancer. eferenceB oitt: #rostoff H Male p. 1&.'51&.

25

=2.  A 4illed virus is the maor component of the vaccine against this pathogenic organism. A. measles B. rubella C. mumps !. rabies

Measles: rubella: mumps vaccines contain living but attenuated virus =also for  chic4enpox: %abin polio> abies vaccine =also for ep A: %al4 polio: influen)a> contain 4illed or inactivated viruses. ep # vaccine contains antigenic fragments of the virus usually using recombinant technology =yeast5 derived>. %ubunit vaccines are also used as in pertussis. "etanus and diphtheria utili)e toxoids hich are inactivated toxins or antitoxins: antibodies against these. . influen)ae type b vaccine is conugated to a protein hich can be a diphtheria toxoid. eferenceB "ortora p. &-2 =.  Al4aline p in urine seen in ,roteus is due to its ability to split urea intoB A. '4- & C3 #. Cl H Ca C. Ca H Mg D. /a H Cl

 AnserB A =pp.2-3> ==.

It is responsible for 0scherichia coli causing meningitis in infants A.  antigen #. $,% C. < antigen D. 9 antigen  AnserB C =pp.2-3>

=3.

Ei antigen for %almonella typhi  A. penetrates epithelial lining of the intestinal tract B. antigeni struture assoiated 6ith in+asi+eness C. interfere ith antibody binding to bacteria D. confers a certain degree of immunity  AnserB # =p 2->

=-.

Initial recognition event for the activation of the alternative pathay A. C-b #. C1 C. C D. +actor D  AnserB A =p 1-3>

=2.

"he characteristic morphologic feature of influen)a responsible for antigenic changes of  the virus A. 0nvelope B. seg%ented geno%e C. capsid D. nucleic acid  AnserB # =p '2->

26

=.

eplicate in the cytoplasm of the host cell  A. Adenovirus #. 9rthomyxovirus C. Po1+iruses D. IE  AnserB C =p''2>

=.

"he exudative lung parenchymal lesion ith lympadenopathy in primary tuberculosis infection is called  A. tuberculosis #. granuloma C. ghon o%"le1 D. fibrotic lesion  AnserB C =p283>

=/.

(hich of the folloing statementKs is correct regarding neonatal herpes A. infections are almost alays asymptomatic B. %ost o%%on route o# in#etion is thru ontat 6ith her"eti lesion during +aginal deli+ery C. causes latent infection !. usually cause by %E 1  AnserB # =p'86>

=>.  An 13 year old college student developed fever folloed by aundice. Acute viral hepatitis as entertained. esults of the hepatitis profile are as follosB anti5AE IgM =5>: anti5bsAg =5>: anti5#c IgM =>: anti5#c Ig negative. e most probably hasB  A. epatitis A B. 4e"atitis B C. epatitis C D. epatitis 0

 AnserB # = p 1-> =.  A 21 yKo male ith history of sexual contact  days ago resents ith painful urination and purulent penile discharge. (hich of the folloing is most li4ely*  A. primary syphilis #. genital herpes C. gonorrhea D. lymphogranuloma venerum

 AnserB C =p2&> =.  A 1 and half yKo boy developed fever: cory)a and cough folloed  days later by maculopapular rashes starting from the hairline and becoming generali)ed. +ever persisted. "he most li4ely etiology is aKan A. R'A +irus #. D/A virus C. gram positive coccus D. gram negative bacillus

 AnserB A = p 8->

27

==.  A neonate is born ith the folloing featuresB microcephaly: aundice: poor suc4 and chorioretinitis. A congenital infection is entertained. "he most common congenital infection is due toB  A. Chlamydia #. IE C. CM, D. %E

 AnserB C = p '32> =3.  A 2 month old girl as brought to you because of mil4 curd5li4e lesions in the mouth noted for a ee4. "he hitish lesions ere adherent to the oral mucosa ith pinpoint bleeding hen the mother tried to remove them. "his is caused by  A. herpes simplex 1 #. Coxsac4ie A C. albians D. neoformans

 AnserB C = p &&-> =-.  A 2' yKo office or4er found out that his sexual partner had IE infection. "he screening procedure of choice for IE infection is  A. ,C B. 4I, 5lisa C. estern blot D. northern blot

 AnserB # =p &2&> =2.  A 6 month old baby has acute atery diarrhea. (hich of the folloing is the most common cause of diarrhea in this age group*  A. 0"0C B. Rota+irus C. 0,0C D. E. cholerae

 AnserB # = p'> =.  A health or4er ho did not receive prior mumps vaccine developed parotid selling and fever. "he folloing belongs to the same virus family as mumps virus  A. A. german measles B. RS, C. Influen)a D. Vapanese # virus

 AnserB # = p 81> =.  A 2& yr old saleslady developed high fever: chills and cough. 9n ,0 she had crac4ling rales on the right lung base. "he diagnosis is pneumonia. "he most common bacterial cause of this condition in this age group isB  A. %. aureus #. /. meningitidis C. S. "neu%oniae D. emophilus influen)ae

 AnserB C = p 21'>

28

=/.

Infection ith this organism is the most common ris4 factor for cervical CA  A. IE #. /. gonorrhea C. 4P, D. %E 2  AnserB C = p&12>

=>.

Most common cause of J"I in omen is characteri)ed by A. Jrease production B. fruity odor on culture C. greenish %etalli sheen !. sarming phenomenon  AnserB C = p 21>

=.

(hich of the folloing laboratory tests can be used to monitor response to treatment in syphilis* A. +"A5A#% B. ,!RL C. Dar4field microscopy !. 0$I%A  AnserB # = p 238>

=/.  An encapsulated fungi that causes meningitis is  A. . capsulatum B. neo#or%ans C. C albicans D. immitis

 AnserB # = p &&2> =/=.

"he folloing statements are true regarding /. meningitidis  A. it is the only specie that is oxidase positive B. o1idi@es %altose and gluose C. oxidi)es glucose only D. it is the only gram negative specie  AnserB # =p2&6>

=/3.

"he folloing statements are true about %. aureus A. it is catalase negative B. an serete "re#or%ed to1ins C. prefers anaerobic condition !. cannot gro in 8.&N /AC$  AnserB # =p.1>

=/-.

"oxic shoc4 syndrome secondary to %taphylococcus tend to commonly cause infection among A. ta%"on users #. asthamtics C. IE drug users D. infants  AnserB A =p 2-1>

29

=/2.  A 1 year old male has high fever for a ee4: tonsillitis: hepatosplenomegaly and cervical lymphadenopathy. ,eripheral smear shos 1-N atypical lymphocytes. "he most li4ely diagnosis isB  A. %treptococcal sore throat #. leu4emia C. in#etious %ononuleosis D. diphtheria

 AnserB C =p '36> =/.

%treptococcal sore throat is definitively diagnosed by  A. A%9 titer B. throat s6ab ulture C. rapid antigen testing from throat sab D. ram stain  AnserB # =p 21->

=/.

(hich of the folloing: hen positive: indicates an acute 0pstein5#arr virus infection*  A. anti50#/A #. anti5ECA Ig C. anti*,CA IgM D. anti50#E D/A  AnserB C =p '33>

=//.

"he hallmar4 of Dengue emorrhagic +ever is  A. thrombocytopenia #. shoc4 C. "las%a loss D. positive tourni7uet test  AnserB C =p &2>

=/>.

Dengue virus has ho many serotypes*  A. one #. to C. three !. #our    AnserB D = p &2>

=/.

"he most common vector of Dengue virus is = p &2>  A. Anopheles minimus #. Mansonia sp. C. Aedes aegy"ti D. Aedes albopictus

=>.  A 1 year old girl has high fever for four days: cory)a: hac4ing cough and poor  appetite. 9n ,0: she has congested pharynx and opli4Fs spots. "he causative agent of  this condition  A. is a D/A virus #. has three serotypes C. belongs to the "ara%y1o+irus #a%ily D. has double5stranded /A

 AnserB C = ,32>

30

=>=.

(hich of the folloing diseases is currently vaccine5preventable*  A. cytomegalic inclusion disease B. Ger%an %easles C. Dengue fever  D. epatitis C  AnserB # = p 3&>

=>3.  A 2- year old male developed fever: vomiting and poor appetite for four days folloed by aundice. A diagnosis of viral hepatitis is entertained. "he results of the hepatitis profile are as follosB positive anti5AE IgM: negative anti5 #sAg: positive #sAg: negative anti5#c IgM. (hich is correct* A. B. C. !.

The "atient has aute 4e"atitis A and is %ost li8ely a 4e"atitis B arrier  e has acute epatitis # e has acute epatitis C e does not have acute viral hepatitis

 AnserB A = p 11> =>-.

"he protective antibody folloing immuni)ation against epatitis # is  A. anti5#c IgM #. anti5#c Ig C. anti*4BsAg D. anti5CE  AnserB C = p 1&>

=>2.

(hich of the folloing agents of viral hepatitis is fecal5oral in transmission and causes more severe disease in pregnant omen*  A. epatitis A B. epatitis # C. epatitis C !. 4e"atitis 5  AnserB D = p -3>

=>.

#ovine spongiform encephalopathy =mad co disease> is caused by an agent hich has the folloing characteristic  A. double5stranded D/A #. single5stranded /A C. double5stranded /A !. does not ontain nulei aid  AnserB D = p &-->

=>.

uman influen)a virus hich undergoes antigenic shift and can cause pandemics A. in#luen@a A influen)a # B. influen)a C C. highly5pathogenic avian flu !.  AnserB A =p 6'>

31

=>/.

+etal hydrops is a prominent complication of maternal infection ith  A. rubella B. "ar+o+irus B= C. measles D. cytomegalovirus  AnserB # = p '&8>

=>>.  An 3 month old girl developed high fever for three days but as otherise playful. 9n the fourth day: fever as gone but she had maculopapular rashes on the face hich rapidly spread all over the body. "his common disease is caused by A. B. C. !.

measles virus hu%an her"es+irus  parvovirus #1 rubella virus  AnserB # = p'3>

=>.  A 22 year old sex care or4er anted to be tested for human immunodeficiency virus =IE>. (hat test ould you initially recommend* A. B. C. !.

(estern blot 4I, 5lisa CDBCD3 ratio ED$  AnserB # = p &26>

=.

IE infection causes the ratio of CD to CD3 " cell ratio to fall. CD " cells are also called A. " cytotoxic cells B. cytolytic " cells C. T hel"er ells !. suppressor " cells  AnserB C =p &21>

==.

"he maor function of CD3 " lymphocytes is A. to 8ill ells in#eted by intraellular "athogens li8e +iruses B. antibody5dependent cellular cytotoxicity C. opsoni)ation !. phagocytosis  AnserB A =p 116>

=3.  A one and a half year old boy has recurrent bacterial pneumonia and middle ear  infection. An antibody deficiency is entertained. Antibodies are produced in large 7uantities by A. # lymphocytes B. " lymphocytes C. "las%a ells !. mast cells

 AnserB C =p 12&>

32

=-.

Immunoglobulins aid phagocytosis because they can bind to phagocytes via A. +ab receptors B. D ree"tors C. CD receptors !. C'b receptors  AnserB # = p 12&>

=2.

"he folloing virusKviruses exhibitKs latency in nerve ganglia A. smallpox virus B. hi8en"o1 +irus C. cytomegalovirus !. adenovirus  AnserB # =p '83>

=.  A virus hich infects # lymphocytes by attaching to the latterFs complement eceptors A. cytomegalovirus B. 5"stein*Barr +irus C. Vapanese # encephalitis virus !. IE

 AnserB # = p '36> =.  A 1 year old infant had exposure to a caregiver ith cavitary tuberculosis. Chest x5ray as negative. Mantoux test done shoed induration of 12 mm after 2 days. "he Mantoux tuberculin test result is an example of A. "ype I hypersensitivity B. "ype II hypersensitivity C. delayed*ty"e hy"ersensiti+ity !.  Arthus reaction

 AnserB C = p 1'-> =/.

"he folloing are characteristics of M. tuberculosis A. have minimal lipid content in their cell all B. cannot be gron on artificial media C. retain arbol#uhsin dye a#ter e1"osure to aid*alohol !. appear as round chains on ram stain  AnserB C = p2&>

=>.

%ubacute sclerosing panencephalitis is a late complication of infection ith this virus A. Earicella B. Rubeola C. (est /ile virus !. poliovirus  AnserB # = p3'>

33

=.  A neborn presents ith lethargy: purpura: chorioretinitis and pulmonary infiltrates. (hich of the folloing could be a cause of this syndrome* A.  Amebiasis B. Candidiasis C. Cyto%egalo+irus !. uman papillomavirus

 A/%B C Medical Microbiology by Vaet).:2'rd edition: page & 3.

(hich one of the folloing is a subcellular structure that is found only in ram negative bacteria* A. endospores B. li"o"olysaharide C. mitochondria !. phosphatidylethanolamine  A/%B # Medical Microbiology by Vaet).: 2'rd ed.: page 23

3=.

(hich one of the folloing statements best describes a function of the peptidoglycan layer in bacteria* A. The ability o# bateria to sur+i+e hanges in the os%olarity o# their en+iron%ent is due to the "hysial "ro"erties o# the "e"tidoglyan layer. B. "he peptidoglycan layer contains all the en)ymes responsible for the synthesis of membrane phospholipids. C. "he peptidoglycan layer protects bacteria from the effects of ultraviolet light. !. "he peptidolgycan layer renders ram negative bacteria resistant to detergents.  A/%B A Medical Microbiology by Vaet).: 2'rd ed.: page 22

33.

. (hich one of the folloing structures is responsible for the passage of lo molecular eight solutes through the outer membrane of ram negative bacteria* A. capsules B. endospores C. flagella !. "orins  A/%B D Medical Microbiology by Vaet).: 2'rd ed.: page 28

3-.

Rour patient: suffering from a bacterial infection: receives a penicillin inection and almost immediately experiences respiratory distress and loses consciousness. "his reaction is M9%" $I0$R mediated by  A. complement. #. CD3 cytolytic " cells. C. macrophages. !. %ast ells.  A/%B D Medical Microbiology by Vaet).: 2'rd ed.: page 1-

34

32.

(hich one of these statements explains the origin of h antibodies in the blood of an h5negative mother*  A. "hey are naturally occurring in the blood of all h5negative persons. #. "hey are received through mis5matched blood transfusions. C. They are synthesi@ed by the %other in res"onse to Rh*"ositi+e ells #ro% her #irst hild. D. "hey are transferred from the h5positive father during intercourse.  A/%B C Medical Microbiology by Vaet).: 2'rd ed.: page 1'&

3.

(hich one of the folloing bacterial pathogens re7uires selective culture conditions for reliable isolation from the stool: including media ith antibiotics and incubation at 2  C in increased C92* A. Ca%"ylobater $e$uni B. 0nterohemorrhagic 0scherichia coli C. %almonella sp. !. %higella sp.  A/%B A Medical Microbiology by Vaet).: 2'rd ed.: page 28'

3.

11. (hich one of the folloing is considered facultatively intracellular for human macrophages* A. 0nteroinvasive 0scherichia coli B. 0nterotoxigenic 0scherichia coli C. Sal%onella ty"hi !. %higella sp.  A/%B C Medical Microbiology by Vaet).: 2'rd ed.: page 2&3

3/.  A 2-5year5old female presents ith severe pelvic pain: fever: nausea and vomiting. %he as on the second day of her menstrual cycle. A purulent cervical discharge as detected upon physical examination. 9xidase positive: ram5negative diplococci ere isolated on "hayer Martin agar from the endocervical sab. (hat is the M9%" $I0$R identity of this organism*  A. #ordetella pertussis #. Chlamydia trachomatis C. aemophilus ducreyi !. 'eisseria gonorrhoeae

 A/%B D Medical Microbiology by Vaet).: 2'rd ed.: page 2& 3>.  A large outbrea4 of food poisoning occurred at a company picnic. 0ighty people reported explosive vomiting and diarrhea ithin ' hours after eating. All of the victims recovered ithin 2 hours ithout medical intervention. /o 4non bacterial or viral pathogens ere isolated from the stool of affected individuals. A survey of the food eaten at the picnic suggested that potato salad as the common source of the poisoning. "he individual ho prepared the salad had a sty on her left eye. (hich one of the folloing is the M9%" $I0$R cause of this outbrea4*  A. Clostridium perfringens #. %almonella typhimurium C. Sta"hyloous aureus D. %taphylococcus epidermidis

35

 A/%B C Medical Microbiology by Vaet).: 2'rd ed.: page 22' 3.

ram5positive cocci and polymorphonuclear leu4ocytes are observed on ram stain of sputum from a 6-5year old alcoholic ith pneumonia. Culture of the sputum reveals alpha5hemolytic: catalase5negative bacteria. (hich one of the folloing laboratory tests is the M9%" A,,9,IA"0 next step in the definitive identification of this organism*  A. bacitracin sensitivity test #. beta5lactamase production test C. 0$0 test !. bile solubility test  A/%B D Medical Microbiology by Vaet).: 2'rd ed.: page 2'6

3=.  A 15year old female is admitted to an outpatient clinic ith suprapubic pain: dysuria and an urgency to urinate fre7uently. %he is otherise healthy. A clean catch midstream urine specimen as collected and sent to the laboratory. /umerous neutrophils are detected in the urine sample. "he bacteriology laboratory reports that less than 1-2 ram5positive cocci and greater than 1-& ram5negative bacilli ere recovered per milliliter of urine. (hich one of the folloing is the most li4ely cause of her infection* A. 5sherihia oli B. lebsiella pneumoniae C. ,seudomonas aeruginosa !. %taphylococcus aureus

 A/%B A Medical Microbiology by Vaet).: 2'rd ed.: page 2&2 3==.  A -5year old male hog farmer complains of intermittent fever: night seats and headaches to his physician. "he patient is hospitali)ed and blood and bone marro specimens are collected. "he physician re7uests that the laboratory incubate the cultures for at least 6 ee4s. /ine days after admission: ram negative coccobacilli that re7uire increased C92 for groth are isolated from the blood and bone marro cultures. "he patient is most li4ely to be suffering from hich one of the folloing diseases* A. Bruellosis B. #ubonic plague C. $egionnaireFs disease !. oc4y Mountain spotted fever 

 A/%B A Medical Microbiology by Vaet).: 2'rd ed.: page 23 3=3.

(hich one of the folloing diseases is most li4ely to respond favorably to treatment ith a 5lactam antibiotic*  A. $egionellosis #. Mycoplasmosis C. Sy"hilis D. "rachoma  A/%B C Medical Microbiology by Vaet).: 2'rd ed.: page ''

36

3=-.  A 2-5year old oman comes to your clinic complaining of an irritating vaginal discharge. Jpon examination: you find that the cervix and vaginal alls appear normal. "he discharge is thin and mil4y: p &.&: and has a fishy odor hen treated ith potassium hydroxide. Rou are unable to detect pseudohyphae: buds: or flagellates upon microscopic examination. A ram stain reveals numerous curved ram5negative rods: epithelial cells: and clue cells: but relatively fe ram5positive rods or (#Cs. Cervical and vaginal cultures are negative for %"Ds. (hat is your diagnosis* A. Baterial +aginosis #. Cervicitis C. "richomoniasis D. Eaginal candidiasis

 A/%B A Medical Microbiology by Vaet).: 2'rd ed.: page '16 3=2.  A 8&5year old man in a nursing home is treated ith a broad spectrum antibiotic for bed sores. "o days later he develops bloody diarrhea. A stool specimen from the patient is positive in an 0$I%A test for a necroti)ing cytotoxin: and his treatment is sitched to vancomycin. "he agent M9%" $I0$R to be responsible for this clinical syndrome is  A. #acteroides fragilis. #. Campylobacter euni. C. Clostridiu% di##iile. D. 0scherichia coli 91&8B8.

 A/%B C Medical Microbiology by Vaet).: 2'rd ed.: page 2- 3=.

(hich one of the folloing toxins is responsible for scalded s4in syndrome*  A. Alpha hemolysin B. 51#oliatin C. yaluronidase D. %taphylococcal enterotoxin  A/%B # Medical Microbiology by Vaet).: 2'rd ed.: page 22&

3=.  A &-5year old cancer patient ith severe neutropenia became septic to ee4s after being admitted to the hospital. An oxidase5positive: ram5negative rod that did not ferment glucose as isolated from the patientFs blood. (hich one of the folloing organisms is the most li4ely cause of the patientFs sepsis*  A. 0nterobacter cloacae #. 0scherichia coli C. lebsiella pneumoniae !. Pseudo%onas aeruginosa

 A/%B D Medical Microbiology by Vaet).: 2'rd ed.: page 262 3=/.

#lood culture from a 125year old ith acute osteomyelitis yields ram5positive cocci that are b hemolytic and catalase positive. (hich one of the folloing laboratory tests is the M9%" A,,9,IA"0 next step in the definitive identification of this organism* A. Coagulase test #. 9ptochin sensitivity test C. %lide agglutination test for capsular antigen type D. "est for capacity to gro in bile esculin  A/%B A Medical Microbiology by Vaet).: 2'rd ed.: page 22& 37

3=>.  Activated macrophages are the effector cells in the expression of a protective: cell5 mediated immune response against  A. Corynebacterium diphtheriae. #. aemophilus influen)ae type b. C. Listeria %onoytogenes. D. %treptococcus pneumoniae.

 A/%B C Medical Microbiology by Vaet).: 2'rd ed.: page 1&2 3=.  A patient recovering from a crushing leg inury suffered during an a motorcycle accident develops a temperature of 1--o +: a rapid pulse: and extreme pain at the site of his the ound to days after the accident. "he s4in overlying the patientFs sutured ound is bronish5 hite: shiny: and studded ith vesicles. ram stain of the atery exudate from the ound reveals ram5positive rods: ram5negative rods: and ram5positive cocci. "he ram5positive rods are M9%" $I0$R  A. #acillus cereus. #. #acteroides fragilis. C. Clostridiu% "er#ringens. D. Corynebacterium ulcerans.

 A/%B C Medical Microbiology by Vaet).: 2'rd ed.: page 2-3 33.  A 1'5year old and her 1-5year old brother are seen at an emergency room ith complaints of double vision: difficulty salloing: and progressive muscular ea4ness.  A detailed history reveals that both children attended a church picnic three days earlier but neither child has gastroenteritis. "he M9%" $I0$R presumptive diagnosis is A. botulis%. B. Chinese rice syndrome. C. uillan5#arrW syndrome. !. salmonellosis.

 A/%B A Medical Microbiology by Vaet).: 2'rd ed.: page 2-6 33=.

0pidemics of bacterial meningitis in young: previously healthy adults are M9%" $I0$R caused by  A. 0scherichia coli 51. #. aemophilus influen)ae type b. C. $isteria monocytogenes. !. 'eisseria %eningitidis grou" A.  A/%B D Medical Microbiology by Vaet).: 2'rd ed.: page '-'

333.  A &&5year old oman develops endocarditis folloing oral surgery. ram5positive: alpha5hemolytic: catalase5negative cocci are isolated from a blood culture. "he M9%" $I0$R agent is  A. 0nterococcus faecalis =group D streptococci>. #. %taphylococcus aureus. C. %treptococcus pyogenes =group A streptococci>. !. ,iridans stre"tooi.

 A/%B D Medical Microbiology by Vaet).: 2'rd ed.: page 2'6

38

33-.  A 25month old infant is admitted to the hospital ith fever: lymphocytosis: and bouts of violent coughing that often end in vomiting. "he infantFs mother reveals that the child has not as yet received any immuni)ations. "he attending physician sabs the infantFs nasopharynx and re7uests that the sab be plated on routine media as ell as a special medium =#ordet5engou> that contains blood and glycerol. /o organisms are found on blood or chocolate agar: but small ram5negative rods are isolated on #ordet5 engou agar. "he M9%" $I0$R cause of the infantFs illness is A. Bordetella "ertussis. #. Chlamydia pneumoniae. C. Moraxella catarrhalis. D. Mycoplasma pneumoniae.

 A/%B A Medical Microbiology by Vaet).: 2'rd ed.: page 232 332.

(hich one of the folloing viruses establishes a chronic persistent infection in humans*  A. epatitis A virus B. 4e"atitis C +irus C. erpesvirus D. ,oliovirus  A/%(0B # Medical Microbiology by Vaet).: 2'rd ed.: page 8&586

33.

(hich one of the folloing viruses is transmitted via the gastrointestinal route*  A. Delta5associated agent B. 4e"atitis A C. epatitis # D. epatitis C  A/%(0B # Medical Microbiology by Vaet).: 2'rd ed.: page 8

33.  A ''5year5old pregnant oman delivered a baby boy via a normal vaginal delivery. /either she nor the father has a history of genital or oral herpes. Although she had chic4enpox as a child: she as exposed to a child ith chic4enpox about 1- days before delivery. "here as no evidence of vesicular s4in lesions on either the mother or the child at the time of delivery. "hree days after birth: the baby no develops vesicular s4in lesions on his bac4: accompanied by a fever. (hich one of the folloing viruses is M9%" $I0$R to be the cause of the babyUs infection*  A. Cytomegalovirus #. erpes simplex virus type 1 C. 4er"es si%"le1 +irus ty"e 3 D. uman herpesvirus 6

 A/%(0B C Medical Microbiology by Vaet).: 2'rd ed.: page ' 33/.

0xamination by dar45field microscopy of scrapings from a genital ulcer of 15year old female reveals mobile: spiral5shaped organisms against a blac4 bac4ground. "he M9%" $I0$R diagnosis is A. chancroid. B. Chlamydia trachomatis infection. C. gonorrhea. !. sy"hilis.  A/%B D Medical Microbiology by Vaet).: 2'rd ed.: page ''' 39

33>.

ram5positive cocci are observed on a ram stain of purulent discharge from a s4in lesion of a 85year5old. Culture of the exudate reveals beta5hemolytic: catalase5positive organisms. (hich one of the folloing laboratory tests is the M9%" A,,9,IA"0 next step in the definitive identification of this organism* A. #acitracin sensitivity test B. #ile solubility test C. Coagulase test !. 9ptochin sensitivity test  A/%B C Medical Microbiology by Vaet).: 2'rd ed.: page 228

33.

 (hich one of the folloing species or serovars of Chlamydia can be transmitted as a )oonotic infection* A. Chlamydia pneumoniae B. Chla%ydia "sittai C. Chlamydia trachomatis serovar C !. Chlamydia trachomatis serovar D  A/%B # Medical Microbiology by Vaet).: 2'rd ed.: page '6&

3-.

ram stain of synovial fluid from the 4nee of a 2-5year5old oman ith arthritis reveals ram5negative cocci. "o isolate the M9%" $I0$R responsible agent: the specimen should be plated on A. #ordet5engou agar. B. Choolate agar . C. 0osin Methylene #lue =0M#> agar. !. MacCon4ey agar.  A/%B # Medical Microbiology by Vaet).: 2'rd ed.: page 8-

3-=.

"he formation of colonic ulcers and absesses during %higella dysentery is due to A. ability of bacteria to survive stomach acidity because of the production of urease. B. bacterial survival ithin macrophages. C. invasion of enterocytes and cell5to5cell spread of the bacteria. !. production of a superantigen by the bacillus.  A/%B C Medical Microbiology by Vaet).: 2'rd ed.: page 2&&52&6

3-3.

(hich one of the folloing organisms is the M9%" C9MM9/ cause of bacterial travelerFs diarrhea* A. Campylobacter euni B. enteroto1igeni 5sherihia oli C. %almonella cholerasuis !. %higella sonnei  A/%B # Medical Microbiology by Vaet).: 2'rd ed.: page 2&2

40

3--.

Dissemination of %almonella typhi from the intestine to extraintestinal sites re7uires survival of this pathogen in hich one of the folloing host cells*  A. Colonic enterocytes #. astric epithelial cells C. M cells !. Maro"hages  A/%B D Medical Microbiology by Vaet).: 2'rd ed.: page 2&852&3

3-2.

ram stain of cerebrospinal fluid from a '5year5old child ith fever: petechiae: stiff nec4 and positive ernig and #rud)ins4iUs signs reveals ,M/s and a fe ram5negative cocci. "he M9%" $I0$R agent is A. 0scherichia coli. B. aemophilus influen)ae type b. C. 'eisseria %eningitidis. !. %treptococcus agalactiae =group # streptococci >.  A/%B C Medical Microbiology by Vaet).: 2'rd ed.: page '-2

3-.

$isteria monocytogenes infection of an adult is M9%" $I0$R to be ac7uired by A. ingestion o# onta%inated #ood. B. inhalation of contaminated aerosals. C. inoculation ith a contaminated needle. !. person5to5person contact.  A/%B A Medical Microbiology by Vaet).: 2'rd ed.: page 218

3-.

(hat is the mechanism of action of the antifungal drug flucona)ole*  A. #inds to ergosterol resulting in membrane disruption B. Inhibits ergosterol synthesis C. Inhibits protein synthesis D. Inhibits /A synthesis  A/%B # Medical Microbiology by Vaet).: 2'rd ed.: page 6&256&'

3-/.  A 1-5year5old ith a dog complains of a ?bump@ on the bac4 of his head. e says its redness and itching have increased over the last three ee4s. "he lesion is several centimeters in diameter: ith hair involvement and scaling. 0xamination of several of his hairs in a 9 preparation reveals hyphae in and around the hair shafts. (hat is your diagnosis*  A. Actinomycosis #. Candidiasis C. ,ityriasis versicolor  !. Tinea a"itis

 A/%(0B D: "inea capitis Medical Microbiology by Vaet).: 2'rd ed.: page 6'2 3->.

Rou are assigned to a hospital in ,hoenix: Ari)ona. %everal patients have been admitted in the past ee4 ith cough: chest pain: fever: and pneumonitis that has not responded to antibacterial therapy. Rou discover that most of the patients are ne arrivals to Ari)ona ho had been or4ing outdoors during the dusty ind storms that had occurred over the past fe ee4s. "he causative organism is observed in a 9 preparation of sputum. (hat is your presemptive diagnosis* 41

 A. B. C. D.

#lastomycosis Coidioido%yosis istoplasmosis ,sittacosis  A/%(0B #: Coccidioidomycosis Medical Microbiology by Vaet).: 2'rd ed.: page 6'856'3

3-.  A 6&5year5old male develops endocarditis folloing urinary catheteri)ation. ram5 positive: catalase5negative cocci are isolated from a blood culture. "he M9%" $I0$R agent is A. 5nteroous #aealis grou" ! stre"tooi( B. %taphylococcus aureus. C. %taphylococcus epidermidis. !. %treptococcus pyogenes =group A streptococci>.

 A/%B A Medical Microbiology by Vaet).: 2'rd ed.: page 2'& 32.  A 225year5old develops an abcess in his peritoneum folloing rupture of his appendix. ram stain of the exudate from his foul5smelling abcess reveals numerous polymorphonuclear leu4ocytes: ram5positive cocci: ram5positive rods: and ram5 negative rods. Aerobic culture of the exudate at '8o C on blood and MacCon4ey agar plates yields only enterococci =group D streptococci>. "he ram5negative rods are M9%" $I0$R A. Bateroides #ragilis B. 0scherichia coli C. ,seudomonas aeruginosa !. %higella dysenteriae.

 A/%B A Medical Microbiology by Vaet).: 2'rd ed.: page '- 32=.

%everal people become ill ithin to hours after leaving a summer reunion picnic. "he maority of people complain of vomiting and diarrhea ithout fever: and recovered ithin 2 hours after the onset of symptoms. "he contaminated food is determined to be a bol of colesla prepared by someone ith a stye on her left eyelid. (hich one of the folloing is the M9%" $I0$R source of the food poisoning* A. Clostridium botulinum B. Clostridium perfringens C. Sta"hyloous aureus !. %higella sonnei  A/%B C Medical Microbiology by Vaet).: 2'rd ed.: page 226

323.  A '&5year5old female presents ith fever: headache and a non5productive cough. "he patient is prescribed penicillin and sent home. "o ee4s later: she returns ith similar symptoms. A ram stain and routine culture of the patientUs sputum reveal only normal mouth flora. %putum is then cultured on speciali)ed medium containing sterols: and: after to days: tiny colonies ere visible under a microscope. (hich one of the folloing organisms does the physician suspect is the cause of the patientUs pneumonia* A. Corynebacterium diphtheriae B. aemophilus influen)ae type b C. $egionella pneumophila !. Myo"las%a "neu%oniae

42

 A/%B D Medical Microbiology by Vaet).: 2'rd ed.: page '& 32-.  A 8-5year5old male: ho is a chain5smo4er: complains of fever: diarrhea: cough and chest pain. 0vidence of pneumonia is seen by chest 5ray. Due to the inability of the patient to produce a sputum specimen: a transtrachial aspirate is obtained. /o respiratory bacterial pathogen is isolated from aspirated fluid cultured on blood agar plates. oever: poorly staining ram5negative rods are isolated on buffered charcoal5 yeast extract =#CR0> agar after three days of incubation. "he physician had already begun treatment ith erythromycin due to the detection of bacilli in the aspirated fluid using a fluorescently5labeled monoclonal antibody specific for the causative agent. "he M9%" $I0$R pathogen responsible for this pneumonia is  A. aemophilus influen)ae B. Legionella "neu%o"hila C. Mycoplasma pneumoniae D. /eisseria meningitides

 A/%B #: $egionella pneumophila Medical Microbiology by Vaet).: 2'rd ed.: page '1' 322.

(hich one of the folloing fungi exhibits thermal dimorphism* A.  Aspergillus fumigatus B. Candida tropicalis. C. Cryptococcus neoformans !. 4isto"las%a a"sulatu%  AnserB D Medical Microbiology by Vaet).: 2'rd ed.: page 6-

32.  An otherise healthy '&5year5old female florist presented to her primary care physician complaining of a persistent lesion on the third digit of her left hand. "his had been present for several ee4s and shoed no sign of resolving. Jpon examination: the patient as found to have a mild fever =1---+>: the aforementioned lesion and to nodules on her left forearm. A biopsy of the lesion as performed: and the pathology report indicated the presence of numerous polymorphonuclear leu4ocytes and a rare elongated budding yeast. (hat is the M9%" $I0$R etiologic agent* A. #lastomyces dermatitidis B. S"orothri1 shen8ii C. istoplasma capsulatum !. /ocardia asteroides

 AnserB # Medical Microbiology by Vaet).: 2'rd ed.: page 6'256'' 32.

Mode of transmission of "richomonas vaginalis isB A. Ingestion of infested beef B. %4in contact ith larvae C. Mos7uito bites !. Se1ual  A/%BD Medical Microbiology by Vaet).: 2'rd ed.: page 66'566

32/.

Mode of transmission of 0nterobius vermicularis isB  A. %exual #. #lac4fly bites C. $ouse bites !. Deal*oral

43

 Ans. D Medical Microbiology by Vaet).: 2'rd ed.: page 63 32>.

9xygen re7uirements of /eisseria gonorrhoeae isB A. Aerobi #. +acultative anaerobe C. Microaerophilic D. 9bligate anaerobe  Ans. A Medical Microbiology by Vaet).: 2'rd ed.: page 2&

32.

Mode of transmission of #orrelia burgdorferi isB  A. Direct contact ith animals #. Conidia inhalation C. %exual !. Ti8 bites  Ans. D Medical Microbiology by Vaet).: 2'rd ed.: page ''6

3.

"herapy of Eibrio cholerae isB  A. "M,5%M B. ORS C. Ceftriaxone D. 0rythromycin  Ans. # Medical Microbiology by Vaet).: 2'rd ed.: page 281

3=.

+amily of Measles virus isB A. Para%y1o+iridae #. habdoviridae C. 9rthomyxoviridae D. +laviviridae  Ans. A Medical Microbiology by Vaet).: 2'rd ed.: page &&-

33.

+amily of epatitis A virus isB  A. ,apovaviridae #. epadnaviridae C. ,arvoviridae !. Piorna+iridae  Ans. D Medical Microbiology by Vaet).: 2'rd ed.: page 66

3-.

,henotypic characteristic of %treptococcus pyogenes isB  A. Alpha5hemolytic #. 9xidase PP C. 2% P5P !. Beta*he%olyti  Ans. D Medical Microbiology by Vaet).: 2'rd ed.: page 2'&

44

32.

Mode of transmission of ic4ettsia proa)e4ii isB  A. Droplet nuclei #. Direct contact ith animals C. Louse bites D. (ound infection  Ans. C Medical Microbiology by Vaet).: 2'rd ed.: page '&-

3.

,henotypic characteristic of onococcus isB A. Dastidious #. Mycolic acid in cell all C. Catalase P5P D. /on5lactose fermenter  Ans. A Medical Microbiology by Vaet).: 2'rd ed.: page 2&

3.

%taphylococcal food poisoning is the result of A. a heat labile enterotoxin. B. ingestion o# a "re*#or%ed enteroto1in "rodued by Sta"hyloous aureus during baterial %ulti"liation in onta%inated #ood. C. ingestion and multiplication of coagulase5negative %taphylococcus sp. !. multiplication of %taphylococcus aureus in the small intestine.  A/%B # Medical Microbiology by Vaet).: 2'rd ed.: page 22&

3/.  A 15year5old soldier develops fever: carditis: and migratory polyarthritis. (hile ta4ing her history: the patient remembers that she had a Psore throatP three ee4s previously.  A throat culture of the patient yields normal flora only. "he laboratory result M9%" C9/%I%"0/" ith these findings is that the patient has high titers of antibody toB A. meningococcal lipooligosaccharide. B. pneumococcal IgA protease. C. pneumococcal polysaccharide. !. stre"tolysin O.

 A/%B D Medical Microbiology by Vaet).: 2'rd ed.: page 2' 3>.  A 6&5year5old man ith a colonic tumor undergoes a boel resection. "hree days later: the patient develops a fever: and the drainage from the surgical site is foul smelling. "he s4in near the site of the drainage is mar4edly erythematous. ram stain of the drainage reveals ram5positive cocci and ram5negative rods. Aerobic culture of the drainage yields streptococci. "he ram5negative rod seen on ram stain as most li4elyB A. Bateroides #ragilis B. Clostridium perfringens C. 0scherichia coli !. ,seudomonas aeruginosa

 A/%B A Medical Microbiology by Vaet).: 2'rd ed.: page '-6 3.  A &-5year5old rancher scrapes his hand ith clippers hile shearing sheep. "o days later he notices an ulcer surrounded by vesicles at the site of the ound. 0ight days after the inury: the ound develops a blac4 necrotic center =eschar> surrounded by edematous fluid. "he rancher experiences mild systemic symptoms. "he most li4ely cause of the infection isB 45

A. B. C. !.

Baillus anthrais. Clostridium tetani. /eisseria meningitidis. %treptococcus pyogenes =group A streptococci>.

 A/%B A Medical Microbiology by Vaet).: 2'rd ed.: page 2-252-' 3.  A 15year5old college sophomore dies 2 hours after the development of fever: petechiae: purpura: and disseminated intravascular coagulation. Culture of cerebrospinal fluid and blood obtained from the patient on admission to the hospital M9%" $I0$R yieldedB A. ram5negative: lactose fermenting rods. B. Gra%*negati+e) o1idase "ositi+e di"looi. C. ram5positive: catalase negative cocci. !. ram5positive: catalase positive cocci.

 A/%B # Medical Microbiology by Vaet).: 2'rd ed.: page '-2 3=.

"he blood culture of a patient ith a presumptive diagnosis of endocarditis yields non5 hemolytic colonies of ram5positive cocci. "he isolate is catalase negative: can gro in 6.&N /aCl: and is resistant to penicillin. "he isolate is M9%" $I0$RB A. 5nterooi. B. %treptococcus agalactiae =group # streptococci>. C. %treptococcus bovis. !. %treptococcus mutans =Eiridans streptoccoci>.  A/%B A Medical Microbiology by Vaet).: 2'rd ed.: page 2''

33.  A 2&5year5old: previously healthy oman develops fever ithin 2 hours of delivery of an infant born 6 ee4s prematurely. #lood culture of the mother reveals ram5positive cocci that are catalase negative: beta5hemolytic on blood agar: and resistant to bacitracin. "he M9%" $I0$R cause of the bacteremia isB  A. 0nterococci. #. %taphylococcus aureus. C. Stre"toous agalatiae grou" B stre"tooi(. D. %treptococcus pneumoniae.

 A/%B C Medical Microbiology by Vaet).: 2'rd ed.: page 2'' 3-.  An IE5infected homosexual man presents ith aposiUs sarcoma. (hich viral genome is M9%" $I0$R to be present in his tumor biopsy* A. erpes simplex virus tupe 1 B. uman cytomegalvirus C. uman herpesvirus type 6 !. 4u%an her"es+irus ty"e >

 AnserB D Medical Microbiology by Vaet).: 2'rd ed.: page &-

32.

(hich one of the folloing viral infections is not effectively prevented by vaccination* A. epatitis # virus 46

B. ,oliovirus C. Rhino+irus !. ubella virus

 AnserB C Medical Microbiology by Vaet).: 2'rd ed.: page &' 3.

,rions cause spongiform encephalopathies including the human disease A.  AID% dementia complex. B. Creut@#eldt*Eaob disease. C. scrapie. !. subacute sclerosing panencephalopathy =%%,0>.  AnserB # Medical Microbiology by Vaet).: 2'rd ed.: page &3

3.

Congenital infection by hich one of the folloing viruses can result in birth defects* A.  Adenovirus B. Cyto%egalo+irus C. epatitis # virus !. uman immunodeficiency virus  AnserB # Medical Microbiology by Vaet).: 2'rd ed.: page '

3/.

Eiral carditis of adolescents and adults is fre7uently caused by A. Co1sa8ie+iruses. B. 9rthomyxoviruses. C. ,seudorabiesvirus. !. eoviruses.  AnserB A Medical Microbiology by Vaet).: 2'rd ed.: page &

3>.

%everal neborns housed in a neonatal intensive care unit have developed nosocomial pneumonia. Most are hee)ing and some have re7uired care such as mechanical ventilation: increased doses of oxygen: antibiotic therapy: or monitoring for apnea. A simple: rapid diagnostic test reveals a common viral antigen in nasal ash specimens from each of the patients. "he virus M9%" $I0$R to be responsible is A. Coronavirus B. 0chovirus #2 C. Res"iratory synytial +irus !. ubeola virus =measles>  AnserB C Medical Microbiology by Vaet).: 2'rd ed.: page &&35&&

3.  A 8 year5old nely adopted ussian child ho has been in the Jnited %tates 1- days presents ith fever: malaise: sore throat: and a grey membrane on the tonsils: uvula: and soft palate. "he childUs immuni)ation history is un4non. "he physician obtains a sab of the childUs throat hich provo4es bleeding of the membrane. "he sab is sent to the laboratory for routine throat culture. "o days later the laboratory reports only the presence of normal flora in the specimen. "he M9%" $I0$R organism responsible for this childUs illness isB  A. #ordetella pertussis. B. Corynebateriu% di"htheriae. C. aemophilus influen)ae type b. D. $isteria monocytogenes. 47

 AnserB # Medical Microbiology by Vaet).: 2'rd ed.: page 21 3/.

%oft cheese imported from Mexico as implicated as the vehicle in an outbrea4 of meningitis and bacteremia that occurred among attendees of a large company picnic. "enty of the - affected individuals ere pregnant omen. 9ne of the victims had  AID%. ram positive: non5spore forming rods ere isolated from the cheese that had been stored in the cold. "he M9%" $I0$R organism responsible for this outbrea4 isB  A. #acillus cereus #. Clostridium difficile C. Clostridium perfringens !. Listeria %onoytogenes  AnserB D Medical Microbiology by Vaet).: 2'rd ed.: page 218

3/=.  A 2& year old patient presents at a sexually transmitted disease =%"D> clinic ith a painful genital ulcer. 9n examination: the ulcer does not appear to be typical of herpes simplex virus. Dar4 field microscopy of exudate from the ulcer is negative for spiral5 shaped organisms. oever: a small: gram negative rod is isolated from culture of the exudate on chocolate agar. "he organism M9%" $I0$R to be responsible for the lesion isB  A. Chlamydia trachomatis. B. 4ae%o"hilus dureyi. C. /eisseria gonorrhoae. D. "reponema pallidum.

 AnserB # Medical Microbiology by Vaet).: 2'rd ed.: page 231 3/3.

(hich 9/0 of the folloing diseases is transmitted by lice* A. 5"ide%i ty"hus #. 0hrlichiosis C. ,sitticosis D. %crub typhus  AnserB A Medical Microbiology by Vaet).: 2'rd ed.: page '&-

3/-.  A young army recruit presents at a sexually transmitted disease =%"D> clinic ith acute urethritis. A ram5stained preparation of his urethral exudate reveals neutrophils ith intracellular ram5negative diplococci. "he patient is treated ith ceftriaxone and sent home. e is re7uested to return in one ee4 so that a urethral culture can be obtained to test for proof of antibiotic cure. (hich 9/0 of the folloing culture media should be used for the follo5up culture*  A. #lood agar #. #ordet engou agar C. MacCon4ey agar !. Thayer*Martin agar

 AnserB D Medical Microbiology by Vaet).: 2'rd ed.: page 2&

3/2.

"he groth in the vagina of hich 9/0 of the folloing bacteria helps maintain a protective acid p*  A. #acteroides 48

#. ardnerella C. Latobaillus D. Mobiluncus  AnserB C Medical Microbiology by Vaet).: 2'rd ed.: page '-8 3/.  A 2& year5old sexually active oman complains of vaginal itching: odor: and discharge. "he vaginal alls are red and slightly sollen: but the cervix is normal. A sample of her vaginal discharge is tested ith 1-N 9: hich produces a strong fishy odor. Jpon microscopic examination of the discharge: you find clue cells but no pear5shaped flagellates or pseudohyphae. A ram stain reveals numerous ram5negative curved rods. (hat is your diagnosis* A. Baterial +aginosis #. ,elvic inflammatory disease =,ID> C. %yphilis D. "richomoniasis

 AnserB A Medical Microbiology by Vaet).: 2'rd ed.: page '16 3/.  A 2& year5old male develops an ulcerative lesion of the hand and several fluctuant nodules along the lymphatics draining that site. "he patient is seen in the dermatology clinic at the /aval ospital. Case history reveals that he is a ee4end gardener ho cultivates roses as a hobby. (hat is the M9%" $I0$R fungal disease*  A. Chromoblastomycosis #. Mycetoma C. ,haeohyphomycosis !. S"orotrihosis

 AnserB D Medical Microbiology by Vaet).: 2'rd ed.: page 6'' 3//.  A &- year5old farmer from %orsogon ho is fond of eating freshater crabs is suffering from chronic pneumonia ith hemoptysis. (hich parasite etiology is M9%" li4ely* A. Capillaria philippinensis B. /ecator americanus C. Paragoni%us 6ester%ani !. %chistosoma aponicum 3/>.

noing the life cycle of %chistosoma aponicum: a rural health doctor is no tas4ed ith educating the population of a district in Davao del %ur about prevention of this disease. (hich specific developmental stage of this parasite should be avoided to prevent initial infection* A. eraria B. metacercaria C. miracidium !. schistosomule

3/.

In relation to 7uestion T82 above: hich of the folloing measures ould this doctor teach is most practical for preventing %. aponicum infection* A. avoid eating ra fresh ater snails B. boil drin4ing ater for 2- minutes C. clean and coo4 vegetables ell !. 6ear "roteti+e high boots 6hile 6ading in strea%s

3>.  A preventive measure against parasites is footear. (hich of these parasites enters through the s4in and its infective stage is a filariform larva* A. 'eator a%erianus 49

B. "richinella spiralis C. "richuris trichiura !. 0nterobius vermicularis

3>=.

%ome proto)oans have organelles hich enable them to move around. (hich of the folloing species possess cilia as motility organelles* A. Balantidiu% oli #. 0ntamoeba histolytica C. iardia lamblia D. ,lasmodium malariae

3>3.

"en year5old "heira has been having vague periumbilical abdominal discomfort for three months. %he does not have diarrhea. er fecalysis reveals round golden bron tri5 layered eggs ith cortication. (hat is the causative agent of her abdominal infection* A. Asaris lu%brioides B. #alantidium coli C. "aenia saginata !. "richuris trichiura

3>-.

Mrs. %intas complains to her family doctor that she has been having vague abdominal pains and bloody diarrhea for the past to days. %he had recently arrived from a business trip to $eyte. (hich of the folloing intestinal parasitic diseases is $0A%" $I0$R to present ith bloody diarrhea* A.  Amebiasis B. Giardiasis C. "richuriasis !. %trongyloidiasis

3>2.  Adult stages of intestinal parasites have their on ay of establishing themselves in their chosen habitat. (hich of these species has a long anterior end hich penetrates the mucosa to obtain tissues for its nutrition* A.  A. Ascaris lumbricoides B. #. 0nterobius vermicularis C. %trongyloides stercoralis !. Trihuris trihiura 3>.

0xcept for the %chistosome species: all trematodes have similar life cycles. "he infective stage: for example is hich of these developmental stages for the liver: lung: and intestinal flu4es* A. cercaria B. %etaeraria C. redia !. sporocyst

3>.

ydatid Disease is endemic in small areas of %outhern $u)on and #icol region here sheep are raised. (hat is the causative parasite of this disease* A.  Ancylostoma duodenale B. #rugia malayi C. 5hinoous granulosus !. +asciolopsis bus4i

3>/.

"he tropho)oite stage of this proto)oa has rbc as inclusions in the cytoplasmB =p. 121> A. 0ntamoeba coli B. 5nta%oeba histolytia 50

C. 0ndolimax nana !. 0ntamoeba hartmanii 3>>.

9ne of the folloing is not a pseudophyllidean tapeorm. =p. &1'> A. Diphyllobothrium latum B. $igula intestinalis C. %parganum proliferum !. Taenia soliu%

3>.

#achman intradermal test is a highly specific test for this disease. =p. 2'> A.  Ascariasis B. 0nterobiasis C. Trihinosis !.  Amoebiasis

3.

9ne of the folloing is not a common feature of uncomplicated ,. falciparum in peripheral smearB =p. 136> A. appli7uW form of parasite B. multiple infection of one rbc C. presence of MaurerFs clefts !. rounded %iroga%etoyte

3=.  A 1-5year5old girl: ith perianal pruritus: as brought by her mother to her pediatrician. (hat is your most probable diagnosis* A.  Ascariasis B. "richuriasis C. 5nterobiasis !. oo4orm infection

ef. Clinical ,arasitology by #eaver and Vung  th edition: pp. '-5'-& M,$B -.8& 33.  A -5year old male overseas or4er complaining of muscle pains see4 medical attention upon his arrival to the ,hilippines. #iochemical tests shoed elevated creatinine: phospho4inase: lactate dehydrogenase and myo4inase levels. esults of complete blood count shoed high blood eosinophilia. (hat is your most probable diagnosis* A. "aeniasis B. Capillariasis C. Trihinosis !. +ilariasis

ef. Clinical ,arasitology by #eaver and Vung  th edition: pp.2'352' M,$B -.& 3-.

%exually active 265year old oman consulted a ED control clinic for vaginal itching and purulent discharge. Rour tentative diagnosis should include the folloingB  A. gonorrhea #. trichomoniasis C. candidiasis !. all o# the abo+e ef. Clinical ,arasitology by #eaver and Vung  th edition: pp. &M,$B -.2&

32.  A '-5year old oman: native of #ulacan: traveled to ,alaan for a vacation. After 2 ee4s she consulted her doctor ith chills and fever as her main complains. (hat parasitologic test ould you re7uest to establish your diagnosis* 51

 A. #. C. !.

sputum examination stool examination thic4 blood smear  thi8 and thin blood s%ear  ef. Clinical ,arasitology by #eaver and Vung  th edition: pp. 13-5131 M,$B -.&

3.  A 65month old baby as brought in for a fever of one5day duration. %he is found to have a temperature of '3.&XC and ith hepatomegaly =' cm> and splenomegaly =' cm>. Microscopic examination revealed infected #C ith presence of band form stages. (hat is your most probable diagnosis* A. /ot malaria B. ,lasmodium falciparum C. ,lasmodium vivax !. Plas%odiu% %alariae

ef. Clinical ,arasitology by #eaver and Vung  th edition: pp. 13513& M,$B -.8& 3.

epatosplenomegaly is the hallmar4 of this disease hich is endemic in $eyte: %amar and Mindoro. "his is caused byB A. Shistoso%a $a"oniu% B. 0chinostoma ilocanum C. ,ila lu)onica !. Capillaria philippinensis eferenceB #ron H /eva: 13'. Basi Clinial Parasitology . &th 0dition. "he Mcra Appleton5Century Crofts. p. 21

3/.

,ruritus vulvae is a characteristic symptom in B A. "richinosis B. Triho%oniasis C. 0nterobiasis !. %cabies eferenceB #ron H /eva: 13'. Basi Clinial Parasitology . &th 0dition. "he Mcra Appleton5Century Crofts. p 6

3>.

+inding banana5 or sausage5shaped gametocytes in peripheral smear is a uni7ue characteristic ofB A. ,lasmodium malariae B. ,lasmodium vivax C. Plas%odiu% #ali"aru% !. ,lasmodium ovale eferenceB #ron H /eva: 13'. Basi Clinial Parasitology . &th 0dition. "he Mcra Appleton5Century Crofts. p. 31532

3.

(earing protective footear ould /9" prevent transmission of hich of the folloing parasite* A.  Ancylostoma 52