MetroSite EDGE BTS Product Description
Short Description
MetroSite EDGE BTS Product Description...
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468963A Nokia MetroSite EDGE BTS, CXM 4.1, Update Doc.
MetroSite EDGE BTS Product Description
DN05106254 Issue 2 en
# Nokia Corporation
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MetroSite EDGE BTS Product Description
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# Nokia Corporation
DN05106254 Issue 2 en
Contents
Contents Contents 3 1 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.3.1 1.3.2 1.4 1.5
Statutory Information 7 CE Marking 7 FCC Statement 8 Environmental information 10 RoHS compliance 10 WEEE 10 Collection and disposal directive within European Union Statutory statements for ITN C3 transmission units 11
2 2.1 2.1.1 2.1.2 2.1.3 2.1.4 2.1.4.1 2.1.4.2 2.1.4.3 2.1.4.4 2.1.4.5 2.1.5 2.1.6 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6
Technical overview of MetroSite EDGE BTS 13 Technical overview of MetroSite EDGE BTS 13 General description 13 Construction 15 Operation 16 Features 21 Building capacity 21 High-network quality 24 Telecommunications 26 Easy and fast deployment 27 Advanced operation and maintenance 29 Transmission 32 Related software 34 Interfaces of the BTS 35 Compatibility between HW and SW 36 Compatibility between BTS, BSC, NetAct, BTS Manager and LMU SW 39 Compatibility between new operating and application SW of BTS SW CXM4.1 and other network elements 41 Assembly tree 41
3 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.3.1 3.3.2 3.3.3 3.3.4 3.3.5 3.4 3.5 3.6 3.7 3.8 3.9 3.10 3.11
Technical specifications for MetroSite EDGE BTS 51 Technical data for the BTS 51 Power consumption 52 International recommendations 55 Common standards 55 Electrical standards 56 Environment 59 Mechanical standards 59 Base station interface equipment 60 Safety distance requirements 62 Operating conditions 65 Space requirements 68 Power supply requirements for maintenance and upgrades Grounding (earthing) requirements 71 Current limiting protection requirement 72 Wall requirements 72 Pole requirements for pole installation 72
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3.12 3.13 3.14 3.15 3.16 3.16.1 3.16.2 3.16.3 3.16.4 3.16.5 3.16.6 3.16.7 3.16.8
Overview of unit technical descriptions 73 Tools requirements 74 Torque settings 76 System requirements for Nokia SiteWizard 76 RF properties of MetroSite EDGE BTS 77 Overview of technical data for 5W and 10W transceiver units Technical data for the 5W GSM 900 transceiver unit 78 Technical data for the 5W GSM 1800 transceiver unit 79 Technical data for the 5W GSM 1900 transceiver unit 80 Technical data for the 5W GSM/EDGE 850 TRX 80 Technical data for the 10W GSM/EDGE 900 TRX 82 Technical data for the 10W GSM/EDGE 1800 TRX 83 Technical data for the 5W GSM/EDGE 1900 TRX 84
4 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 4.6
Configurations for MetroSite EDGE BTS 87 Overview of configurations for MetroSite EDGE BTS 87 Example configuration: one-sector, single-band configuration 88 Example configuration: four-sector, dual-band configuration 90 Example configuration: one-sector, dual-band configuration 91 Example configuration: Intelligent Coverage Enhancement (ICE) 93 Transmission connections 94
5 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4
Delivery content of MetroSite EDGE BTS 99 Delivery content of the BTS transportation package 99 Delivery content of the pole mounting kit 100 Delivery content of the GSM to GSM/EDGE upgrade kit 101 Delivery content of the BTS chaining upgrade kit 101
6 6.1 6.1.1 6.1.2 6.2 6.2.1 6.2.2 6.3 6.4 6.5 6.6 6.7 6.8
Technical specifications of MetroSite EDGE BTS cables 103 Technical data for DC power supply cables 103 Connectors, cables, and fuses for cable protection 103 Power cable specifications 103 Technical data for AC power supply cables 104 Connectors, cables, and fuses for cable protection 104 AC Power cable specifications 104 Technical data for grounding cable 105 Technical data for Flexbus cable 106 Technical data for the LMP cable 108 Technical data for the Abis cable 110 Technical data for jumper cables 112 Technical data for the cable entry block 112
7 7.1 7.2 7.3 7.3.1 7.3.2 7.4 7.5
Software descriptions for MetroSite EDGE BTS 115 Network Management System (NMS)/NetAct and BSC software BTS software 115 Nokia SiteWizard software 116 Contents 116 Installation 117 Nokia BTS Manager software 117 Technical description of Nokia STM-1 Manager 119
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Contents
8 8.1 8.2 8.2.1
8.3.21 8.3.22 8.3.23 8.3.24 8.3.25 8.3.26 8.3.27 8.3.28 8.3.63 8.3.64 8.3.65
Feature descriptions of CXM software 123 General 123 New features in Nokia MetroSite EDGE BTS SW CXM4.1 124 BSS11131 Rx Antenna Supervision by comparing RSSI Value for MetroSite 124 BSS11052 Dynamic Frequency and Channel Allocation (DFCA) 124 FC STM-1 transmission card HW support in MetroSite EDGE BTS 127 Features in Nokia MetroSite EDGE BTS SW CXM4.0 128 BSS11118 Multi BCF for MetroSite BTS 128 BSS11086 Support for Enhanced Measurement Report 131 BSS11073 Recovery for BSS and Site Synchronisation 133 BSS11061 Intelligent shutdown for MetroSite BTS 135 Enhanced Automatic Frequency Correction (E-AFC) 137 BSS9011 Intelligent Coverage Enhancement Plus (ICE+) 139 BSS11037 Remote BTS Manager 141 BSS10101 GSM-WCDMA interworking 143 BSS10091 Enhanced Data Rates for Global Evolution (EDGE) 145 Enhanced General Packet Radio Service (MCS 1-9) 147 Incremental Redundancy (IR) 148 Link Adaptation (LA) 150 BSS10084 Priority Class based Quality of Service (QoS) 151 BSS10074 Support of PBCCH/PCCCH 152 BSS10045 Dynamic Abis allocation 153 EDGE HW support 155 BSS10004 Adaptive Multi Rate Codec (AMR) 155 BSS10012 Location Services for Enhanced Observed Time Difference (EOTD) phones 157 BSS10016 Tri Band - Common BCCH 158 BSS10022 Frame Erasure Rate (FER) Measurement for FH 159 BSS10102 Chaining of Nokia MetroSite BTS 159 BSS9006 General Packet Radio Service (GPRS) 160 BSS9051 Pseudo baseband frequency hopping for Nokia MetroSite BTS 160 BSS8086 Abis loop test 161 BSS8120 Transmission operability 161 BSS8132 Autodetection of site configuration 162 BSS8135 BTS fault recovery 163 BSS8136 BTS resets 163 BSS8137 BTS SW management 163 BSS9066 Supervision of transmission units 164 BSS8139 Combined O TCH/FS, speech 181 BTS2022 Logical channel configurations 181 BTS2020 RX antenna diversity 181 BTS2012 BTS time base reference from PCM 182
9 9.1 9.2
Glossary 183 Abbreviations and acronyms Terms 187
8.2.2 8.2.3 8.3 8.3.1 8.3.2 8.3.3 8.3.4 8.3.5 8.3.6 8.3.7 8.3.8 8.3.9 8.3.9.1 8.3.9.2 8.3.9.3 8.3.10 8.3.11 8.3.12 8.3.13 8.3.14 8.3.15 8.3.16 8.3.17 8.3.18 8.3.19 8.3.20
183
Related Topics 191
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Statutory Information
1
Statutory Information
1.1
CE Marking Standard 0168 .
Description Hereby, Nokia Corporation, declares that this Nokia MetroSite EDGE Base Station is in compliance with the essential requirements and other relevant provisions of Directive: 1999/5/ EC. The product is marked with the CE marking and Notified Body number according to the Directive 1999/5/EC.
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MetroSite EDGE BTS Product Description
1.2
FCC Statement Standard
Description
FCC Statement
FCC §15.21 - Information to user - This product is used as an intentional radiated equipment and any changes or modifications on the equipment without any approval by Nokia could void the user's authority to operate the equipment. FCC §15.105 - Information to user This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class B digital device, pursuant to part 15 of the FCC Rules. These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful interference in a residential installation. This equipment generates, uses and can radiate radio frequency energy and, if not installed and used in accordance with the instructions, may cause harmful interference to radio communications. However, there is no guarantee that interference will not occur in a particular installation. If this equipment does cause harmful interference to radio or television reception, which can be determined by turning the equipment off and on, the user is encouraged to try to correct the interference by one or more of the following measures:
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Reorient or relocate the receiving antenna.
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Increase the separation between the equipment and receiver.
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Connect the equipment into an outlet on a circuit different from that to which the receiver is connected.
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Consult the dealer or an experienced radio/TV technician for help. 0523
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Statutory Information
For the MetroSite EDGE to be used in the USA and continue to meet the FCC certification granted, it must be noted that the following channels are either blocked or can not be operated at a higher power level than stated below. For use in the GSM 850 band Channel 128 - For GMSK, Maximum Power Level 3 - For 8PSK (EDGE), Maximum Power Level 4 Channel 182 - Blocked for both GMSK and 8PSK (EDGE) Channel 232 - Blocked for both GMSK and 8PSK (EDGE) Channel 239 - For GMSK, Maximum Power Level 13 - For 8PSK (EDGE), transmission is Blocked Channel 240 - For GMSK, Maximum Power Level 13 - For 8PSK (EDGE), transmission is Blocked Channel 251 - For GMSK, Maximum Power Level 1 For use in the GSM 1900 band Channel 586 - Blocked for both GMSK and 8PSK (EDGE) Channel 611 - Blocked for both GMSK and 8PSK (EDGE) Channel 686 - Blocked for both GMSK and 8PSK (EDGE) Channel 711 - Blocked for both GMSK and 8PSK (EDGE) Channel 736 - Blocked for both GMSK and 8PSK (EDGE) If these channels are not blocked, or operated at the stated reduced power or lower power, then the FCC certification will be invalid.
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MetroSite EDGE BTS Product Description
1.3
Environmental information
1.3.1
RoHS compliance Nokia MetroSite EDGE BTS complies with the European Union RoHS Directive 2002/95/EC on the restriction of the use of certain hazardous substances in electrical and electronic equipment. The directive applies to the use of lead, mercury, cadmium, hexavalent chromium, polybrominated biphenyls (PBB), and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in electrical and electronic equipment put on the market after July 1st, 2006.
1.3.2
WEEE Product collection and disposal within the European Union
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Do not dispose of the product as unsorted municipal waste. The crossed-out wheeled bin means that at the end of the product’s life it must be taken to separate collection. Note: this is applicable only within the European Union (see WEEE Directive 2002/96/EC) DN0577953
1.4
Collection and disposal directive within European Union Note This directive is applicable only within European Union (see WEEE Directive 2002/96/EC).
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Statutory Information
Do not dispose of the product as unsorted municipal waste. The crossed-out wheeled bin means that at the product end-of life the product must be taken to separate collection.
Figure 1.
1.5
Separate collection icon
Statutory statements for ITN C3 transmission units Hereby, Nokia Corporation, declares that these Nokia Transmission Node units measured in Nokia MetroHub are in compliance with the essential requirements of the Directive 1999/5/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council. Complies with UL 1950, CSA 22.2 NO. 950 Information Technology Equipment. This device complies with part 15 of the FCC rules. Operation is subject to the following two conditions. (1) This device may not cause harmful interference, and (2) this device must accept any interference received, including interference that may cause undesired operation.
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MetroSite EDGE BTS Product Description
Copyright © Nokia Corporation 2005. All rights reserved.
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Technical overview of MetroSite EDGE BTS
2
Technical overview of MetroSite EDGE BTS
2.1
Technical overview of MetroSite EDGE BTS
2.1.1
General description Nokia MetroSite EDGE Base Station (BTS) is a complete, all-climate base transceiver station. It can be used in GSM 900, 1800 and 1900, GSM/EDGE 850, 900, 1800 and 1900 systems, or as a dual band GSM 900/1800 or dual band GSM/EDGE 900/1800 or 850/1900 BTS. Both omni and sectored configurations are supported. The small-sized Nokia MetroSite EDGE BTS cabinet accommodates up to four transceiver units (TRXs). Nokia MetroSite EDGE BTS can be fitted with 5W GSM TRXs or 5W GSM/ EDGE TRXs or 10W GSM/EDGE TRXs.
Note The introduction of EDGE requires EDGE capable TRXs. EDGE also requires CXM 3.3 (for 850 and 1900 MHz frequency bands) or CXM3.3-1 (for 900 and 1800 MHz frequency bands) software (or later) to be available at the BSC.
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MetroSite EDGE BTS Product Description
Figure 2.
Nokia MetroSite - an ideal solution for dense, urban environment
Nokia MetroSite EDGE BTS is the core element in the Nokia MetroSite Capacity Solution, which comprises complete sites equipped with base stations, transmission equipment, and auxiliary equipment. However, Nokia MetroSite EDGE BTS can be integrated into other mobile network applications as well. The optimised RF performance, versatile installation options, and the flexible radio transmission solution using Nokia MetroHopper Radio for last kilometre access allow for a large number of base stations being installed in a small area. Consequently, Nokia MetroSite EDGE BTS is an ideal solution for special hot spots - like downtown areas, sports arenas, shopping centres, underground stations, and office buildings - where high capacity is needed.
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Technical overview of MetroSite EDGE BTS
Note For more information on the Nokia MetroHopper Radio, see Nokia MetroHopper Product Overview.
To ensure high-quality calls, Nokia MetroSite EDGE BTS supports versatile features, such as frequency hopping. Because of its compact size, low weight, and high level of integration, Nokia MetroSite EDGE BTS is fast and easy to install, either indoors or outdoors with minimal preparations. Both wall and pole installations are supported. From the network planning point of view, Nokia MetroSite EDGE BTS can be installed at optimal locations. The plug-in construction of Nokia MetroSite EDGE BTS also provides great flexibility when, for example, capacity expansion is considered. In addition to its other versatile and advanced properties, Nokia MetroSite EDGE BTS is designed for easy commissioning. The Nokia BTS Manager incorporates a commissioning wizard and BTS configuration autodetection. Nokia MetroSite EDGE BTS’s size and ease of deployment help the operator to reduce site planning and site acquisition costs. The fast startup and quick integration into the network enable immediate revenue flow to the operator. Furthermore, the operational costs are low as the BTS management is to a large extent carried out remotely from the OSS.
2.1.2
Construction Similarly to all the other properties of Nokia MetroSite EDGE BTS, its construction has been optimised for microcellular, building infill and roadside coverage solutions. The chassis and units are easy to install and move, and the compact structure provides new installation possibilities. Nokia MetroSite EDGE BTS features a lightweight aluminum chassis with a stainless steel sheet metal backplate, aluminum die-cast guides, and a backplate cover. Nokia MetroSite EDGE BTS chassis has a compact plug-in construction covered by a separate two-tone plastic cover (coloured light grey NCS-S-2500-N and grey NCS-S-1500-N). If desired, the cover can be painted so as to better blend into the surrounding environment. The cover shields the BTS against water, snow, or solid foreign objects. The actual ingress protection and EMC shielding are provided by the chassis and the units.
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MetroSite EDGE BTS Product Description
The cover is made from high-impact polycarbonate and when fitted, Nokia MetroSite EDGE BTS is designed to meet the requirements for GR-487-CORE. It is recommended that the WCMA should not be painted.
2.1.3
Operation In general terms, base stations perform the radio function for the base station system. A base transceiver station (such as a Nokia MetroSite EDGE BTS) is connected to a transmission node (such as a Nokia MetroHub Transmission Node) or directly to the base station controller (BSC) via the Abis interface and to the mobile stations (MS) via the Air interface (see Base station system (BSS)). The BSC is further connected to the mobile switching centre (MSC) and to the operational support system (OSS). BTS
Abis interface
Transmission node
BTS Air interface
Abis interface
Abis interface
BSC
BTS
Abis interface
DN98916606
Figure 3.
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Base station system (BSS)
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Technical overview of MetroSite EDGE BTS
Signalling between network, BTS, and MS
The general principle of signalling between the network, BTS, and Mobile Station (MS) is presented in the following figure. For more information, see also Transceiver unit.
BTS TRX
D-bus
TX Duplex filter
Baseband RX
TRX TX Duplex filter
Baseband RX
TRX TX Transmission unit
Duplex filter
Baseband RX
TRX
Abis from network
TX Duplex filter
Baseband
Abis to network
RX
DN99102854
Figure 4.
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General principle of signalling between network, BTS, and mobile station
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MetroSite EDGE BTS Product Description
In the uplink direction, the signal from the MS is picked up by the antennas and then passes through the duplex filter to the RX part of the transceiver unit. In the RX part, the signal is converted to the intermediate frequencies (IF) and filtered. The baseband module performs the digital signal processing and sends the signal via the D-bus to the transmission unit. The transmission unit connects the BTS via the Abis interface to the BSC. The Abis interface can be either a cable, optical fibre, or radio link. In the downlink direction, the signal from the network is submitted via the transmission unit and D-bus to the baseband module for digital signal processing. The transmitter part of the transceiver unit receives the modulated baseband signal from the baseband module, filters the signal to sufficient output spectrum purity, and raises it to the carrier frequency. The signal goes through the duplex filter to the antenna. The antenna sends the signal via the air interface to the receiving MS.
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Technical overview of MetroSite EDGE BTS
Internal BTS signalling
Nokia MetroSite EDGE Base Station
TRX 4
Power supply unit
Power supply
TRX 3
LMP EAC Interface unit
Q1
Backplane
Extension connection TRX 2
Abis
Transmission unit TRX 1
Fan unit DN98621973
Figure 5.
Nokia MetroSite EDGE BTS block diagram
BTS internal buses
The BTS internal signalling and the signalling between the BTS and the adjacent external equipment is handled by the following buses:
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MetroSite EDGE BTS Product Description
Bus
Description
D1-bus
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Handles the data transfer and signalling between the TRX units and the transmission unit.
D2-bus
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Provides main communication channel between the master TRX and slave TRXs.
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Handles software downloading
Local Management Bus (LMB)
Used for the BTS and the transmission units’ control.
Q1int-bus
Used for local transmission management.
Q1-bus
Used for external equipment management.
F-bus
Used for data transfer and signaling between TRX units.
I2C-bus (cabinet management bus)
Handles the alarm and control signalling between passive units (all units except for transmission units).
Physically, the buses are located on the BTS backplane. Base control functions
Nokia MetroSite EDGE BTS does not have a separate plug-in unit for base control functions (BCF) because one of the TRXs is configured as the master TRX of the BTS. Currently, the master TRX is always located in TRX slot 1 (the lower left TRX slot, next to the transmission unit and interface unit slots). The master TRX handles the following tasks: .
BTS control
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Message delivery to the BSC
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Alarm handling
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Timing functions
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Software downloading
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Self-testing of the BTS
Power distribution
The electrical power (AC or DC) from the external power source is distributed within Nokia MetroSite EDGE BTS by the BTS’s power supply unit. The power supply unit distributes DC power to the plug-in units. All electrical connections are conveyed via the backplane. For more information on the output voltages, see output voltages.
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Technical overview of MetroSite EDGE BTS
The power supply unit is capable of feeding power to the maximum BTS configuration which includes either two Nokia MetroHopper Radio outdoor units or two Nokia FlexiHopper Microwave Radio outdoor units.
230 VAC or 110 VAC or + 24 VDC - 48 VDC
Power outlet for 1-2 radio outdoor units, 55 VDC
2.1.4
Features
2.1.4.1
Building capacity
TRX
TRX
TRX
TRX
VIFA
Fan unit
DN99104116
Figure 6.
PSU
Power distribution in Nokia MetroSite EDGE BTS
Nokia MetroSite EDGE BTS can be used for building capacity in areas of heavy telecommunication traffic, such as for building infill, street corners, sports arenas, shopping centres, and underground stations. It can also be used for coverage of gaps in networks, such as for unfriendly terrain or roadside coverage.
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MetroSite EDGE BTS Product Description
DN0125958
Figure 7.
Roadside coverage with Nokia MetroSite EDGE BTS
Efficient frequency re-use requires that the size of the coverage area (cell) be limited. The following figure shows how the buildings surrounding Nokia MetroSite EDGE BTS can be used to limit the cell size and shape in an urban environment.
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Technical overview of MetroSite EDGE BTS
BTS
BTS
DN99107819
Figure 8.
Microcells built with Nokia MetroSite EDGE BTS
For more information on example configurations, see Overview of configurations for MetroSite EDGE BTS. Chaining of Nokia MetroSite EDGE base stations
Internal bus and Abis chaining are both possible with Nokia MetroSite EDGE BTS. For more information on Abis chaining, see Transmission with Nokia MetroSite EDGE BTS.
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MetroSite EDGE BTS Product Description
To further increase the capacity expansion possibilities, Nokia MetroSite EDGE base stations can be chained as one BCF object to include up to 12 TRXs. Chaining is done by extending the BTS internal buses through the extension interface on the interface unit. Each BTS is connected to the next BTS in the chain with only one cable (up to five metres). Only one of the BTSs (the master BTS) incorporates a transmission unit (FXC type). One BTS acts as the master BTS, in which the master TRX of the chain is located. However, each BTS has a dedicated TRX to control the heating and cooling functions. The chained BTSs share the same frame clock (FCLK) and frame number and the sector configuration is therefore not limited by the cabinet boundaries. The chain can be commissioned in various diversity configurations. For example, a chain with three BTSs can be configured with two sectors and six TRXs per sector. Nokia MetroSite EDGE BTS can also be connected to a Nokia MetroHub Transmission Node. This can be done in an efficient way by chaining the MetroHub to MetroSite via the extension interface. RF power and sensitivity for microcellular applications
The RF performance of Nokia MetroSite EDGE BTS is suitable for microcellular, building infill, and roadside coverage applications. There are two maximum RF power outputs of Nokia MetroSite EDGE BTS transmitter, either 5W or 10W at the antenna connector. For more information on RF power levels in EDGE modulation mode and RX sensitivity, see Technical data for 5W and 10W transceiver units. The output power and receiver sensitivity of Nokia MetroSite EDGE BTS, together with the use of surrounding buildings to limit the cell size, allow efficient frequency re-use with minimised interference. Smooth capacity expansion
As the operator’s demand for capacity grows, additional TRXs can be installed to Nokia MetroSite EDGE BTS during operation without interrupting the BTS service. 2.1.4.2
High-network quality Receiver diversity
Receiver diversity (also known as uplink diversity) is available in Nokia MetroSite EDGE BTS when two or more TRXs belong to the same sector.
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Technical overview of MetroSite EDGE BTS
Multipath propagation of the radio signal may cause local variations of signal strength. Deep fades, particularly when the mobile station is near a cell border, reduce the quality of the received signal. To minimise this effect, a spatial or polarisation receiver diversity can be used, which means that two different paths are used for the received signals. Antennas are placed physically apart or they employ different polarisation so that correlation between received signals is minimised. It is probable that even if one of the receiver branches suffers from a deep fading drop, the other receives a signal of sufficient quality. The two separate paths are processed in the baseband section of the BTS transceiver, and the pre-detection weighted summing method is used to combine the signals of the two branches. Diversity can be enabled or disabled from the BSC. When diversity is employed, the BTS must be physically equipped according to the logical sector configuration at the BSC. Frequency hopping
Nokia MetroSite EDGE BTS supports synthesised (RF) frequency hopping when there are at least two TRXs in the same sector. The most significant property of frequency hopping is that it enables averaging of the interference to RF signal between network users. Frequency hopping can be used to minimise signal quality degradation caused by frequency selective fading, especially for slow moving MSs and narrow band interfering signals. Synthesised frequency hopping enables each TRX to change frequency on successive time slots, so that a given carrier can hop at several frequencies in quick succession. It is possible to use either a cyclic or random frequency hopping scheme as defined in GSM 05.02, 05.08 recommendations. Antenna solution
The MetroSite antenna is a small and unobtrusive dual-band antenna designed for microcellular, building infill, and roadside coverage. It is a directional, two-port antenna with two antenna elements in one casing. This means that two TRXs can be connected to one antenna. The gain of the antenna is 6 dBi, and it provides 130˚ coverage. Other directional, omnidirectional, and cross-polarised antennas can also be used with Nokia MetroSite EDGE BTS. Furthermore, distributed antenna systems (DAS), which are primarily used for building fill-in coverage, can be employed.
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MetroSite EDGE BTS Product Description
When Nokia MetroSite EDGE BTS itself is installed inside a building, the antennas can be located outdoors. The size of antenna feeders, 1/4” and 3/8”, support the flexibility of installation. The TRX test includes an antenna cable detection feature which, in most cases, verifies whether the cable connection between the TRX and the antenna is fault free. In addition, the following software is used:
2.1.4.3
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CXM3.3 for 850/1900
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CXM3.3-1 for 900/1800
Telecommunications Half-rate speech coding
The use of half-rate (HR) speech coding makes it possible to almost double the amount of available traffic channels on the radio path. This is achieved with the existing transmission lines on the Abis interface. Half-rate coding enables the use of 8 Kbit/s channels. Enhanced full-rate speech coding
Enhanced full rate (EFR) speech coding improves the voice quality in all channel conditions. The coding is based on improvements made for half-rate coding applied to the existing GSM full rate channel coding. Support for data services .
High-Speed Circuit Switched Data (HSCD) - This feature provides accelerated data rates for the end-user applications, such as browsing the Internet, file transfer, and facsimile.
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14.4 Kbit/s GSM data services - This feature provides accelerated user data rates at 14.4 Kbit/s level. This feature can be combined with HSCSD.
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Non-transparent and transparent data (9600, 4800, 2400 bit/s). - Nontransparent means that the data rate can be changed automatically during the call (due to increased traffic, for example). Transparent data uses a fixed data rate throughout the duration of a call.
General Packet Radio Service (GPRS)
GPRS is designed to make the GSM data services more compatible with LAN, WAN, and the Internet. In GPRS, the radio resources are used only when there actually is data to be sent or received. GPRS also provides immediate connectivity and very short setup for sending a data packet. The throughput is as high as in high-speed circuit switched data (HSCSD). Nokia MetroSite EDGE BTS supports GPRS coding schemes 1 and 2.
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Technical overview of MetroSite EDGE BTS
Enhanced General Packet Radio Service (EGPRS)
EGPRS is built on top of GPRS to increase the data rate of GPRS by applying EDGE modulation and increasing the Air interface throughput. The data rate of GPRS is increased up to threefold with EGPRS. Nokia MetroSite EDGE BTS supports EGPRS modulation and coding schemes (MCS) 1 to 7. EGPRS requires EDGE capable TRXs to be fitted in the BTS and CXM 3.3 software or later. 2.1.4.4
Easy and fast deployment Installation
Variety of installation possibilities Due to its small size, unobtrusive appearance, low weight, and high level of integration, the Nokia MetroSite EDGE Base Station accommodates a variety of new installation possibilities. The extended environmental performance of the Nokia MetroSite EDGE Base Station enables installation indoors and outdoors, even in extreme climatic conditions. Mounting options are available for both wall and pole installations. The Nokia MetroSite EDGE Base Station can also be mounted horizontally on its back. For more information on mounting positions refer to Nokia MetroSite EDGE Base Station: Requirements for Installation and Operation.
Delivery and installation procedure Nokia MetroSite EDGE BTS is delivered to the site with the ordered plug-in units. Shield units will be installed in those unit slots that are not occupied by functional units. The purpose of shield units is to provide protection for the backplane connectors, ensure optimal air flow inside the cabinet, and provide EMC and weather shielding for the BTS. Any spare or open transmission unit slots should be fitted with a shield unit (VTSA). Any spare or open transceiver unit slots should be fitted with a dummy unit (VXSA). Nokia MetroSite EDGE BTS is then installed on a wall or a pole. In wall mountings, the packing cardboard can be used as a template for drilling the anchor screw holes to the wall. In pole mountings, an additional pole mounting kit is used to attach the BTS to the installation pole. After the plug-in units are installed, the cabinet ground and power cables are connected. The next step is to connect the diversity cables, transmission cables, and antenna cables. The BTS is powered up and commissioning is started. Finally, the lock and cover are installed to the BTS.
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MetroSite EDGE BTS Product Description
Commissioning with the Nokia BTS Manager
Autodetection The BTS software includes an autodetection feature that identifies the BTS hardware. This reduces the time spent for commissioning as the user does not have to create a separate HW database for the BTS. The system data is replicated to each TRX so that none of the BTS parameters are lost when the units are replaced. No external measuring devices are needed for BTS commissioning tests. For more information, see Overview of Commissioning the BTS.
Figure 9.
Nokia BTS Manager Commissioning Wizard
Manual commissioning Before the commissioning at the BTS site can be started, the following tasks must be performed:
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.
The LAPD links must be created at the BSC
.
The PCM port at the BSC must be set to active
The commissioning procedure performed on site with the Nokia BTS Manager includes the following steps: .
Transmission configuration
.
Checking alarms and EACs
.
Running the tests
.
Creating the BTS commissioning report
In the near future, the use of the Site Configuration File (SCF) will considerably ease the commissioning as most of the parameters can be fed directly from the file, for example, the Abis time slot allocation can be automated. The Nokia BTS Manager automatically produces a commissioning report at the end of the commissioning process. 2.1.4.5
Advanced operation and maintenance Integration of TRX and BCF
The TRX in slot 1 is configured as the master TRX of the BTS. Physically, there is no difference between the master TRX and the slave TRXs. In addition to the normal TRX functions, the master TRX handles the BTS operation and maintenance functions. Consequently, there is no need for a dedicated plug-in unit to handle these functions. For more information, see Operation. The O&M signalling and TRX signalling can also be combined into one channel to optimise the use of transmission capacity. BTS diagnostics, alarms, and TRX test
Alarm diagnostics Nokia MetroSite EDGE BTS features a BTS diagnostics system that considerably reduces the number of alarms. Relevant alarm information is easily accessible and understandable. A detailed description of Nokia MetroSite EDGE BTS alarms can be found in the software release documentation. The alarm diagnostics system filters out spurious alarms, reporting only those alarms that directly affect the BTS service level. The alarms are addressed to the unit level, which helps the maintenance engineers locate the faulty unit.
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MetroSite EDGE BTS Product Description
In the case of a mains power failure, Nokia MetroSite EDGE BTS provides sufficient backup time for an alarm to be sent to the BSC.
TRX test The TRX test is a multi-purpose test designed for testing the total performance of the intended TRX and Radio Time Slot (RTS). The test can be run locally from the Nokia BTS Manager, or remotely from the BSC/OSS when the Abis connection is established. Locally, the TRX test is usually performed during commissioning of Nokia MetroSite EDGE BTS. The TRX test covers all functions between the Abis and Air interfaces: .
digital and RF parts
.
antenna cable detection
.
RX sensitivity
.
TX level
The main reason for providing a single multi-purpose test is to minimise the total test time. Once the time slot is reserved for testing, the test time is used effectively. The test utilises the multifunctional RF loop, and it is automatically performed for both RX branches. The test time is approximately 15 seconds. The test can be used as an RF performance supervision test when performed according to a regular schedule from the NMS/2000. For more information on the TRX test, see Software Release Binder. Battery backup with Nokia MetroSite Battery Backup
If additional battery backup is needed, the Nokia MetroSite Battery Backup unit can be used for this purpose. The Nokia MetroSite Battery Backup provides one hour backup time for Nokia MetroSite EDGE BTS operating at 400 W. The Nokia MetroSite Battery Backup is an external unit with the same appearance and mounting options as Nokia MetroSite BTS itself. For more information on Nokia MetroSite Battery Backup, see Nokia MetroSite Battery Backup User Manual. Temperature control
Nokia MetroSite EDGE BTS operates in the ambient temperatures ranging from 40ºC to +50ºC (-40ºF to +122ºF), solar radiation 1120 W/m2.
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-40 C
-10 C
+10
C
+20
C
+50 C
-40 F
+14 F
+50
F
+68
F
+122 F
HEATING
full heating
COOLING
reduced heating
heating off/ cooling off
cooling on variable fan speed
DN9979905
Figure 10.
Temperature management diagram
The BTS has a cooling fan and built-in heaters to provide a smooth temperature controlling facility. The BTS software controls the heating and cooling to provide operation conditions which are as stable as possible. Heating and cooling are adjusted gradually to ensure low temperature gradients and noise levels. The temperature is continuously monitored with sensors placed on active units. The heater elements are located inside the transceiver and transmission units. When the BTS starts up in an extremely cold environment, the units are warmed up to the operation temperature range (-10ºC or +14ºF within each TRX) before the actual BTS operation starts. The fan unit generates the cooling air flow inside the BTS. The fan unit has 16 speeds, ensuring low temperature gradients and noise levels. If the temperature of any unit rises too high because of a broken fan unit or too hot conditions on the site for example, the TRX issues an analysed temperature alarm to the BSC. The master TRX then shuts down the appropriate TRX. Similarly, if the power supply is overheated, the master TRX switches off the power for all units. The power supply switches the power back on when the temperature has returned to the operational range. During operation, the master TRX starts the heating process if the internal temperature drops below the specified limit.
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MetroSite EDGE BTS Product Description
2.1.5
Transmission The following radio link transmission unit is available for Nokia MetroSite EDGE BTS: FXC RRI (VXRB) .
Maximum 16 x 2 Mbit/s capacity
.
Support for two microwave radio outdoor units (two TNC connectors)
.
Grooming, branching and loop protection support
.
Cross-connection at 8 Kbit/s level
FXC RRI transmission units are used with Nokia MetroHopper Radio and Nokia FlexiHopper microwave radio. For more information on the radios and transmission units, refer to Nokia MetroHopper Radio Product Description and Nokia FlexiHopper microwave radio Product Description. The transmission unit is connected to the Nokia MetroHopper Radio with a single coaxial cable, referred to as Flexbus (FB).
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FXC RRI
FB2
FB1
DN02146389
Figure 11.
Radio link transmission unit alternatives
The following wireline transmission units are available for Nokia MetroSite EDGE BTS: FC E1/T1 (VXEA)
The FC E1/T1 transmission unit:
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.
Provides one Abis line interface to the 2 Mbit/s (E1) or 1.5 Mbit/s (T1) transmission line
.
Operates as the termination point in a chain or star configuration
.
Has no cross-connection capability
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MetroSite EDGE BTS Product Description
FXC E1 (VXTA)
In addition to digital speech data, the FXC E1 transmission unit can also transfer operating and maintenance information to other equipment in the network. The FXC E1 offers the following main features: .
Four Abis line interfaces to the 2 Mbit/s (E1) transmission line
.
Grooming, branching and loop protection support
.
8 Kbit/s level cross-connection functions between the four Abis line interfaces and the D-bus
.
Nokia Q1 E2E traffic routing model, which allows easy transmission network planning
FXC E1/T1 (VXTB):
In addition to digital speech data, the FXC E1/T1 transmission unit can also transfer operating and maintenance information to other equipment in the network. FXC E1/T1 offers the following main features:
2.1.6
.
Four Abis line interfaces to the 2 Mbit/s (E1) or 1.5 Mbit/s (T1) transmission line
.
Grooming, branching and loop protection support
.
8 Kbit/s level cross-connection functions between the four Abis line interfaces and the D-bus
.
Nokia Q1 E2E traffic routing model, which allows easy transmission network planning
Related software The following Nokia software applications relate to Nokia MetroSite EDGE BTS:
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.
Network Management System (NMS) and BSC software
.
Nokia SiteWizard
.
MetroSite EDGE BTS software
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BTS software updates
When Nokia MetroSite EDGE BTS software is updated, it can be loaded either locally with the Nokia BTS Manager, or remotely from the BSC or the OSS (via the BSC). The transmission unit software is downloaded transparently from the network management system (NMS) or locally with Nokia BTS Manager. The BTS SW is loaded to the master TRX which in turn updates the software in the slave TRXs. When new TRXs are added for more capacity, or when TRXs are replaced for maintenance reasons, the master TRX updates the software in the new slave TRXs if their software version is different from the master TRX SW. Nokia MetroSite EDGE BTS software can be downloaded as a background operation without interrupting the BTS operation. The activation of new software causes a short break in service. However, the activation can be done remotely from the BSC/OSS during the hours of low telecommunication traffic. For more information, see Software Release Binders. Nokia MetroSite EDGE BTS software updates are delivered to the customer on diskettes which contain the current version of the BTS software. The Nokia BTS Manager is delivered on CD-ROM with Nokia SiteWizard. For more information on Nokia MetroSite EDGE BTS SW, refer to Nokia MetroSite EDGE BTS software release documentation.
2.2
Interfaces of the BTS Table 1.
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BTS connectors
Interface connector
Number of connectors
Connector type
Cable type/diameter
Antenna connector
1 for each TRX
N-type
1/4" or 3/8" RF cable
External Alarms and Controls
1 (10 alarm inputs, 4 control outputs)
26-pin mini D (female)
13-pair 28 AWG, 106 Ω Flexible SCSI-2 Cable type CL2/FT1
Extension connectors
2
50-pin mini D (female)
N/A
Q1 interface
1
TQ
2-pair telecom cable, max. 6 mm
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Table 1.
2.3
BTS connectors (cont.)
Interface connector
Number of connectors
Connector type
Local Management Port
1
BQ, RS- 232 (at the BTS end)
Cable type/diameter
2-pair telecom cable. For more information, refer to Nokia MetroSite EDGE Base D9 female (at the Station: Commissioning. PC end)
Compatibility between HW and SW This section provides information on the compatibility between Nokia MetroSite EDGE GSM 800/900/1800/1900 Base Station Software (BTS SW) release and unit hardware (HW). The table below shows the compatibility between HW and SW in Nokia MetroSite EDGE BTS.
Table 2.
Compatibility between HW and SW in Nokia MetroSite EDGE BTS SW Releases Unit version
CXM3.3
CXM4.0
CXM4.0
CXM4.1
Unit
Unit code
(-1)
(-1, -2, -3)
(-4)
CTGA
469690A
.101, .202, .203
Y
Y
Y
Y
469874A
.101, .102
Y
Y
Y
Y
469875A
.101, .102
Y
Y
Y
Y
469691A
.101
Y
Y
Y
Y
469712A
.101
Y
Y
Y
Y
469773A
.101
Y
Y
Y
Y
468582A
.101
Y
Y
Y
Y
(EDGE 900 10W) CTGH (EDGE 900 10W) CTGJ (EDGE 900 10W) CTDA (EDGE 1800 10W) CVSA 12 (10W MetroSite AC 240V) CVSG 12 (10W MetroSite AC 150-300V) HVCU 11
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Table 2.
Compatibility between HW and SW in Nokia MetroSite EDGE BTS (cont.) SW Releases CXM3.3
CXM4.0
CXM4.0
CXM4.1
Unit
Unit code
Unit version
(-1)
(-1, -2, -3)
(-4)
HVMC 11
468383A
.101, .102
Y
Y
Y
Y
HVMF 11
468263A
.101, .102, .103
Y
Y
Y
Y
HVSA 11
468260A
.101, .102, .104
Y
Y
Y
Y
468260A
.205
Y
Y
Y
Y
468261A
.101, .103
Y
Y
Y
Y
468261A
.204
Y
Y
Y
Y
469042A
.101
Y
Y
Y
Y
468262A
.101, .102, .103
Y
Y
Y
Y
468262A
.204
Y
Y
Y
Y
468186A
.101
Y
Y
Y
Y
468191A
.101
Y
Y
Y
Y
468190A
.101
Y
Y
Y
Y
468187A
.101
Y
Y
Y
Y
468188A
.101
Y
Y
Y
Y
(AC 230V) HVSA 12 (10W MetroSite AC 240V) HVSB 11 (AC 110V) HVSB 12 (10W MetroSite AC 110V) HVSC 11 (DC 24V) HVSD 11 (DC 36V/48V/60V) HVSD 12 (DC 48V) HVTG 11 (GSM 900 TRX) HVTH 11 (GSM 900 TRX filter H) HVTJ 11 (GSM 900 TRX filter J) HVTD 11 (GSM 1800 TRX) HVTP 11 (GSM 1900 TRX)
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Table 2.
Compatibility between HW and SW in Nokia MetroSite EDGE BTS (cont.) SW Releases CXM3.3
CXM4.0
CXM4.0
CXM4.1
Unit
Unit code
Unit version
(-1)
(-1, -2, -3)
(-4)
LMU (GSM 800, 1900/1800)
469592A
SW4.1
N
N
N
N
SW4.3
N
N
Y
Y
LMU (GSM 900, 1800/1900)
468765A
SW4.1
N
N
N
N
SW4.3
N
N
Y
Y
VCUA 11
466804A
.101
Y
Y
Y
Y
VIFA 11
467208A
.101, .102, .103, .2041, .205
Y
Y
Y
Y
VIFA 12
467208A
.204, .205
Y
Y
Y
Y
VMCA 11
466797A
.102, .103
Y
Y
Y
Y
VMFA 11
467207A
.101, .102
Y
Y
Y
Y
VSAA 11
466798A
.101
Y
Y
Y
Y
466974A
.101
Y
Y
Y
Y
466799A
.101
Y
Y
Y
Y
467202A
.101
Y
Y
Y
Y
467620A
.101
Y
Y
Y
Y
467621A
.101
Y
Y
Y
Y
467203A
.102
Y
Y
Y
Y
467204A
.101, .102
Y
Y
Y
Y
467201A
.101, .102, .103, .104
Y
Y
Y
Y
(AC 230V) VSAB 11 (AC 110V) VSDA 11 (DC 36V/48V/60V) VTGA 11 (GSM 900 TRX) VTGH 11 (GSM 900 TRX filter H) VTGJ 11 (GSM 900 TRX filter J) VTDA 11 (GSM 1800 TRX) VTPA 11 (GSM 1900 TRX) VXEA 11 (FC E1/T1)
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Table 2.
Compatibility between HW and SW in Nokia MetroSite EDGE BTS (cont.) SW Releases CXM3.3
CXM4.0
CXM4.0
CXM4.1
Unit
Unit code
Unit version
(-1)
(-1, -2, -3)
(-4)
VXOC
00002795
03
N
N
N
Y
467610A
.101, .102, .103, .104, .105, .106
Y
Y
Y
Y
467612A
.101, .102, .103, .104, .105, .106
Y
Y
Y
Y
467611A
.101, .102, .103, .104, .105, .106
Y
Y
Y
Y
468654A
.101, .102
Y
Y
Y
Y
468231A
.101
Y
Y
Y
Y
(FC STM-1) VXRB 11 (FXC RRI) VXTA 11 (FXC E1 75 Ω) VXTB 11 (FXC E1/T1 120/ 100 Ω) WTFA (EDGE 800) WTPA (EDGE 1900) Y = Compatible N = Not compatible 1
EDGE compatibility from VIFA version .204.
2.4
Compatibility between BTS, BSC, NetAct, BTS Manager and LMU SW This section provides information on the compatibility between the following software:
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Nokia MetroSite EDGE Base Station Software (BTS SW)
.
Nokia BTS Manager Software (BTS Manager SW)
.
Base Station Controller Software (BSC SW)
.
NetAct Software (NetAct SW)
.
Nokia Location Measurement Unit Software (LMU SW)
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MetroSite EDGE BTS Product Description
The tables below show the level of compatibility between the software versions.
Table 3.
Compatibility between BTS, BTS Manager and BSC SW
BTS SW
BTS Manager
BSC SW
S10.5
S10.5
S11
S11.5
ED CXM3.0 (-2)
3.0
Y
N
Y
Y
CXM3.0-3
3.0
Y
Y
Y
Y
CXM3.0-4
3.0
Y
Y
Y
Y
CXM3.3 (-1)
3.3.2
Y
Y 1
CXM4.0 (-1, -2, -3, -4)
4.0
Y
CXM4.1
4.1.0
N
Y
Y
1
Y
Y
Y
Y1
Y
Y
Y = Compatible N = Not compatible 1
BSS11 level features cannot be used.
Table 4. BTS SW
BTS Manager
Compatibility between BTS, BTS Manager, NetAct and LMU SW NetAct SW
LMU SW
OSS
OSS
OSS
OSS
3.1
3.1
3.1
3.1
ED1
ED2
ED3
SW4.1
SW4.3
CXM3.0 (-2)
3.0
Y
Y
N
Y
N
N
CXM3.0-3
3.0
Y
Y
Y
Y
N
N
CXM3.0-4
3.0
Y
Y
Y
Y
N
N
CXM3.3 (-1)
3.3.2
N
Y
N
N
CXM4.0
4.0
N
Y
CXM4.0 -1, -2, -3
4.0
N
CXM4.0-4
4.0
CXM4.1
4.1.0
Y 1
Y 1
1
Y
Y
N
N
Y
Y
Y
N
N
N
Y
Y
Y
N
Y2
N
Y
Y
Y
N
Y2
Y = Compatible N = Not compatible
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Table 4.
BTS SW
BTS Manager
Compatibility between BTS, BTS Manager, NetAct and LMU SW (cont.) NetAct SW
LMU SW
OSS
OSS
OSS
OSS
3.1
3.1
3.1
3.1
ED1
ED2
ED3
SW4.1
SW4.3
1
BTS software creation from OSS to BSC is not possible if both MetroSite EDGE BTS SW CXM4.0 and UltraSite EDGE BTS SW CX4.0 are created at the same BSC.
2
If BSS11 BTS Site Synchronisation Recovery feature is used, LMU SW4.3 or later is required.
2.5
Compatibility between new operating and application SW of BTS SW CXM4.1 and other network elements The table below shows the compatibility between the new operating and application SW of BTS SW CXM4.1 and the SW of other network elements.
Table 5.
Compatibility between new operating and application SW of BTS SW CXM4.1 and other network elements
New BSS11.5 operating and application SW in BTS
BSC SW
NetAct SW
Dynamic Frequency and Channel Allocation (DFCA)
S11.5
OSS3.1 ED3
RX Antenna Supervision by comparing RSSI value for MetroSite
S11
OSS3.1 ED3
S11.5 FC STM-1 transmission card HW support in MetroSite EDGE BTS
2.6
-
OSS3.1 ED3
Assembly tree Note The current power supply types are CVSB and CVSD. Both of these products are RoHS compliant and fully backwards compatible.
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Table 6.
Product tree for the Nokia MetroSite EDGE BTS
Category level
Unit level
Photograph
Cover (one per BTS)
Cover unit (HVCU)
Cover unit (HVCU)
Cabinet (one per BTS)
Cabinet unit (HVMC)
Cabinet unit (HVMC)
Fan unit (HVMF)
Fan unit (HVMF)
Interface unit (VIFA)
Interface unit (VIFA)
TRX unit, GSM 900, 5W (HVTG/J/H)
Transceiver unit (HVTx, WTxx and CTxx)
TRX unit, GSM 1800, 5W (HVTD)
Transceiver shield unit (VTSA)
Transceiver (four per BTS)
TRX unit, GSM 1900, 5W (HVTP) TRX unit, GSM EDGE 850, 5W (WTFA) TRX unit, GSM EDGE 1900, 5W (WTPA) TRX unit, GSM EDGE 900, 10W (CTGA/J/H) TRX unit, GSM EDGE 1800, 10W (CTDA) Shield TRX unit (VTSA) Power supply (one per BTS)
AC power supply unit, 230 Power supply unit (HVSx and CVSG) V (HVSA or CVSB) AC power supply unit, 110 V (HVSB or CVSB) DC power supply unit, -48 V (HVSD or CVSD) DC power supply unit, +24 V (HVSC or CVSD) AC power supply unit, 230 V, wide input range (CVSG)
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Table 6.
Product tree for the Nokia MetroSite EDGE BTS (cont.)
Category level
Unit level
Photograph
Transmission (one per BTS)
FC E1/T1 transmission unit, 75 ohm or 120 ohm (VXEA)
FC E1/T1 type transmission unit (VXEA)
FXC E1 transmission unit (VXTA) FXC E1/T1 transmission unit (VXTB)
FXC E1 type transmission unit (VXTA) FXC E1/T1 type transmission unit (VXTB)
FXC RRI type FXC RRI transmission unit transmission unit (VXRB) (VXRB) not shown Shield transmission unit (VXSA) Optional
Customer documents
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# Nokia Corporation
Pole mounting kit (VMPA)
not shown
Additional keys
not shown
Nokia MetroSite EDGE Base Station Product Documentation Set
not shown
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MetroSite EDGE BTS Product Description
Figure 12.
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Nokia MetroSite EDGE BTS with all units installed (except the cover unit)
# Nokia Corporation
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Technical overview of MetroSite EDGE BTS
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Figure 13.
Cover unit (HVCU)
Figure 14.
Cabinet unit (HVMC)
# Nokia Corporation
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MetroSite EDGE BTS Product Description
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Figure 15.
Fan unit (HVMF)
Figure 16.
Interface unit (VIFA)
# Nokia Corporation
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Figure 17.
Transceiver unit (HVTx, WTxx and CTxx)
Figure 18.
Transceiver shield unit (VTSA)
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Figure 19.
Power supply unit (HVSx and CVSG)
Figure 20.
FC E1/T1 type transmission unit (VXEA)
# Nokia Corporation
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Figure 21.
FXC E1 type transmission unit (VXTA)
Figure 22.
FXC E1/T1 type transmission unit (VXTB)
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MetroSite EDGE BTS Product Description
Figure 23.
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FXC RRI type transmission unit (VXRB)
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Technical specifications for MetroSite EDGE BTS
3 3.1
Technical specifications for MetroSite EDGE BTS Technical data for the BTS Table 7.
Common technical data
Property
Value
Note
Height
871 mm (34.3 in)
954 mm (37.56 in) including the cables cover
Width
310 mm (12.20 in)
-
Depth
215 mm (8.46 in)
-
Weight
Maximum 40 kg (88.18 lb) with four TRXs
Approximately 18 kg (39.68 lb) without TRXs. Heaviest single part is 8 kg (17.66 lb).
Low temperature limit
- 40°C (-40°F)
-
High temperature limit
+ 50°C (122°F)
-
Ingress protection class
IP55
Protection class of units within cabinet
UL50-3R Acoustic noise
55 dBA typical
(Sound power)
61 dBA maximum Nominal input voltage (external supply voltage)
110/230 VAC
Wide range AC PSU
230 VAC
Standard range 230 VAC PSU
110 VAC -48/+24 VDC -48 VDC +24 VDC
Standard range 110 VAC PSU Wide range DC PSU Standard range -48 VDC PSU Standard range +24 VDC PSU
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Table 7.
Common technical data (cont.)
Property
Value
Note
The equipment is guaranteed to operate within the following voltage parameters
85 VAC to 286 VAC
Wide range 110/230 VAC PSU (Shut off voltage: 310 to 320 VAC)
184 VAC to 276 VAC 85 VAC to 145 VAC ±18 VDC to ±60 VDC -28 VDC to -72 VDC +20 VDC to +28 VDC
Standard range 230 VAC PSU Standard range 110 VAC PSU Wide range -48/+24 VDC PSU Standard range -48 VDC PSU Standard range +24 VDC PSU
The equipment is guaranteed to operate within the following frequency parameters
44 Hz to 65 Hz
All AC PSUs
Typical power demand
200 W
5W GSM TRXs
230 W
5W GSM/EDGE TRXs
310 W
10W GSM/EDGE TRXs
Maximum power demand
Cooling fan capacity
3.2
.
Four TRXs
.
FC E1/T1
.
No heating
290 W
5 W GSM TRXs
320 W
5 W GSM/EDGE TRXs
400 W
10 W GSM/EDGE TRXs
120 m3/hr (4238 ft3/hr)
.
1900 MHz TRXs
.
Four TRXs
.
FXC RRI
.
2 FlexiHoppers
.
Worst case heating scenario
-
Power consumption The power consumption of the Nokia MetroSite EDGE Base Station is dependent on the following factors:
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.
BTS configuration
.
ambient temperature
.
direction of the temperature change
The following graphs show the BTS power consumption when configured with 5 W and 10 W TRXs. These TRXs operate at -40 ºC ambient air temperature up to the BTS internal operational temperature of -10 ºC. Then with a steady increase in ambient air temperature up to 55 ºC. The BTS operational point can be seen as a sharp rise in input power. The BTS power consumption can increase with a reduction in ambient air temperature. This result is attributed to the heaters function within the BTS, powering on to ensure a constant operational temperature. The graph also shows this in reverse where the ambient air temperature rises, and consequently, the heaters have to be turned off. A smaller rise power increase can be seen with a continued rise in ambient air temperature and attributes to the steady increase in the fan cooling speed, to ensure minimal fluctuation in BTS internal operating temperature. The falling power consumption at system switch on switch on (far left of the graphs) is the system starting at –40 ºC with full heating power. The exponential fall in power is attributed to the heater foil’s increasing resistance and is the expected characteristic when driven from a constant voltage source.
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MetroSite EDGE BTS Product Description
320
Input Power Watts
300
280
260
240
220
200 -40
-40
-40
-40
-23
-3
17
37
55
55
55
Ambient Temperature C Input Power Profile DN03462512
Figure 24.
54 (194)
Power consumption of the 5W BTS
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400 380 360
Input Power Watts
340 320 300 280 260 240 220 200 -40
-40
-40
-40
-23
-3
17
37
55
55
55
Ambient Temperature C Input Power Profile DN03461622
Figure 25.
Power consumption of the 10W BTS
3.3
International recommendations
3.3.1
Common standards
Table 8.
DN05106254 Issue 2 en
Common standards
Standard
Description
ETSI GSM 05.05/11.20/11.21/11.22/11.23
Standard for base station equipment
T1.713-2000
Personal Communications Services, PCS 1900 Specifications
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Table 8.
3.3.2
Common standards (cont.)
Standard
Description
TIA/EIA PN-3777
EMC specific
Electrical standards
Table 9.
Input voltage standards
Standard
Description
ETS 300 132-1:1996
Equipment Engineering Power Supply Interface at the input to Telecommunications Equipment Interface Operated by Alternating Current (AC)
ETS 300 132-2:1996
Power Supply Interface at the input to telecommunications equipment interface operated by direct current (DC)
GSM 11.20
Standard for base station equipment
ETS 300 253, 1995
Earthing and bonding of telecommunication equipment in telecommunication centres
Table 10.
Electrical safety standards
Standard
Description
EN 60950: 2000
Safety of Information Technology Equipment.
IEC 60950: 1999 UL 60950: 2000 CSA-C22.2 No 60950-00
56 (194)
FCC Part 68
Rules for Registration of Telephone Equipment PART 68: 1995
GR-1089-CORE: 1994
Electromagnetic Compatibility and Electrical Safety-Generic Criteria for Network Telecommunications Equipment
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Table 11.
Product specific EMC standards
Standard
Description
ETS 300 342 2, 1994
Radio Equipment and Systems (RES); Electro-Magnetic Compatibility (EMC) for European digital cellular telecommunications system (GSM 900 and DCS 1800 MHz) Part 2: Base station and ancillary equipment
d-ETS 300 342-3:1997
Radio Equipment and Systems (RES); Electro-Magnetic Compatibility (EMC) for European digital cellular telecommunications system Part 3: Base station and ancillary equipment and repeaters meeting, Phase 2, GSM requirements
ETSI GSM 11.20
Standard for base station equipment
ETSI GSM 11.21
Standard for base station equipment
ANSI T1.713-2000
Personal Communications Services; PCS 1900 Specifications
TIA/EIA PN-3777
EMC specific
Table 12.
Basic EMC standards based on d-ETS 300 342-3:1997
Standard
Description
ETSI GSM 11.20
Standard for base station equipment (microcell)
ETSI GSM 11.21
Standard for base station equipment (macrocell)
EN 55022, class B, 1994 (IEC/CISPR 22, 1993)
Limits and methods of measurement of radio interference characteristics of information technology equipment
EN 55022/A1:1995 EN 61000-4-2: 1995 IEC 1000-4-2: 1995 EN 61000-4-3: 1995 IEC 1000-4-3: 1995 EN 61000-4-4: 1995 IEC-1000-4-4: 1995 EN 61000-4-5: 1995 IEC-1000-4-5: 1995 EN 61000-4-6: 1996 IEC 1000-4-6: 1996
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Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC) Part 4: Testing and measurement techniques Section 2: Electrostatic discharge immunity test: Basic EMC publication Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC) Part 4: Testing and measurement techniques Section 3: Radiated, radiofrequency, electromagnetic field immunity test Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC) Part 4: Testing and measurement techniques Section 4: Electrical fast transient/burst immunity test: Basic EMC publication Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC) Part 4: Testing and measurement techniques Section 5: Surge immunity test Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC) Part 4: Testing and measurement techniques Section 6: Immunity to conducted disturbances, induced by radio-frequency fields
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Table 12.
Basic EMC standards based on d-ETS 300 342-3:1997 (cont.)
Standard
Description
IEC 1000-4-11: 1994
Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC) Part 4: Testing and measurement techniques Section 11: Voltage dips, short interruptions and voltage variations immunity tests
EN 61000-4-11: 1994 GR-1089-CORE: 1994
Table 13.
Additional EMC standards
Standard
Description
FCC Part 15
FCC Rules for Radio Equipment Devices
FCC Part 24
Personal Communication Services
IEC 1000-3-2,
Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC) Part 3: Limits - Section 2: Limits for harmonic current emission (equipment input current ≤16 A per phase)
EN 60555-2 BS 5406 Part 2 IEC 1000-3-3: 1994 EN 61000-3-3: 1995 EN 60555-3: BS 5406
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Electromagnetic Compatibility and Electrical SafetyGeneric Criteria for Network Telecommunications Equipment
Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC) Part 3: Limits - Section 3: Limitation of voltage fluctuation and flicker in low-voltage supply systems for equipment with rated current ≤16 A
IEC 1000-4-8: 1993
Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC) Part 4: Testing and measurement techniques Section 8: Power frequency magnetic field immunity test: Basic EMC publication
IEC 1000-4-9: 1993
Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC) Part 4: Testing and measurement techniques Section 9: Pulse magnetic field immunity test: Basic EMC publication
IEC 1000-4-10: 1993
Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC) Part 4: Testing and measurement techniques Section 10: Damped oscillatory magnetic field immunity test: Basic EMC publication
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3.3.3
Environment
Table 14.
Environmental standards
Standard
Description
ETS 300 019-1-1:1992
Equipment Engineering (EE); Environmental conditions and environmental tests for telecommunications equipment Part 1-1: Classification of environmental conditions: Storage
ETS 300 019-2-1:1994 ETS 300 019-1-2:1992
ETS 300 019-2-2:1994 ETS 300 019-1-4:1992
ETS 300 019-2-4:1994
3.3.4
Equipment Engineering (EE); Environmental conditions and environmental tests for telecommunications equipment Part 2-1: Specification of environmental tests: Storage Equipment Engineering (EE); Environmental conditions and environmental tests for telecommunications equipment Part 1-2: Classification of environmental conditions: Transportation Equipment Engineering (EE); Environmental conditions and environmental tests for telecommunications equipment Part 2-2: Specification of environmental tests: Transportation Equipment Engineering (EE); Environmental conditions and environmental tests for telecommunications equipment Part 1-4: Classification of environmental conditions: Stationary use at non-weather protected locations Equipment Engineering (EE); Environmental conditions and environmental tests for telecommunications equipment Part 2-4: Specification of environmental tests: Stationary use at non-weather protected locations
Mechanical standards
Table 15.
Mechanical standards
Standard
Description
EN 60659
Degree of Protection Provided by Enclosures (IP Code)
BS 5490
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ISO 3744, 1988
Acoustics determination of sound power levels of noise sources: Engineering methods for special reverberation test rooms
ETS 300 753
Acoustic noise emitted by telecommunications equipment
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Table 15.
3.3.5
Mechanical standards (cont.)
Standard
Description
IEC 68-2-57: 1989
Environmental Testing Part 2: Test Methods: Vibration Timehistory Method.
GR-63-CORE:1995
Network Equipment-Building System (NEBS): Physical Protection
GR-487-CORE
Corrosion Resistance - Temperature Cycling/High Humidity
Base station interface equipment The following standards and recommendations relate to base station interface equipment. Please note that these recommendations are related to the transmission environment and the BTS transmission equipment complies with them - but because the transmission equipment is used as a part of BSS, there is a special (stricter) requirement for the BSS synchronization. To meet the BTS Air interface accuracy requirement 0.05 ppm (set by ETSI), the Abis interface must meet the long-term accuracy of 0.015 ppm. This kind of accuracy is attained if the network master clock (PRC) fulfills the ITU-T recommendation G.811 and the synchronization of the network is correct. The maximum jitter/wander of the Abis interface is specified in the ITU-T recommendation G.823. Another possibility is that the source for BTS master clock reference is an external 2.048 MHz clock signal. In that case, the FXC unit is configured so that the fourth interface is not used for 2.048 Mbit/s traffic, but as a 2.048 MHz synchronization input. The Abis accuracy requirement above applies also for the FXC synchronization input interface.
Table 16.
60 (194)
Flexbus interface
Standard
Description
ITU-T G.704 (10/94)
Synchronous frame structures used at primary and secondary hierarchical levels
ITU-T G.706 (1991)
Frame alignment and cyclic redundancy check (CGC) procedures relating to basic frame structures defined in Recommendation G.704
ITU-T G.823 (03/93)
The control of jitter and wander within digital networks which are based on the 2048 Kbit/s hierarchy
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Table 16.
Flexbus interface (cont.)
Standard
Description
ITU-T G.826 (08/96)
Error performance parameters and objectives for international, constant bit rate digital paths at or above primary rate
ITU-T G.921
Digital sections based on the 2048 Kbit/s hierarchy
Table 17.
2048 Kbit/s E1 interface
Standard
Description
CCITT (Blue Book): .
G.703
.
Digital Interface Characteristics
.
G.704
.
Functional Interface Characteristics
.
G.706
.
CRC Multiframe Structure
.
G.711
.
PCM Coding Law
.
G.732
.
Primary PCM Multiplexer
.
G.736
.
Synchronous 2 Mbit/s Digital Multiplexer
.
G.826
.
Jitter and Wander
.
G.823
.
Performance Parameters
.
I.460
.
Multiplexing, Rate Adaption
GSM: .
03.50
.
Transmission Planning Aspects
.
08.51
.
BSC-BTS Interface, General Aspects
.
08.54
.
BSC-BTS Interface Principles
.
08.52
.
BSC BTS Interface Layer 1, Structure of Physical Circuits
Table 18.
1544 Kbit/s T1 interface
Standard
Description
ANSI T1.403 and T1.102
Digital Interface Characteristics
ANSI T1.403
Functional Interface Characteristics PCM Coding Law Primary PCM Multiplexer Synchronous 2 Mbit/s Digital Multiplexer Performance Parameters
AT&T TR 62411
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Jitter and Wander Multiplexing, Rate Adaptation
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3.4
Safety distance requirements The BTS generates electromagnetic radiation. This can exceed safety levels very close to the antennas. Personnel must observe the general guidelines and calculate and apply the minimum safety distance. General guidelines
Warning Do not disconnect the antenna when the BTS is transmitting!
Warning This equipment generates electromagnetic radiation which can exceed safety levels when a person is working in very close proximity to the antennas. Calculate and observe the minimum safety distance precautions when working in close proximity to antennas operating at full power!
Warning Electromagnetic radiation can leak from loose or improperly connected antenna connectors. Personnel must ensure that antenna connectors are properly connected when carrying out procedures such as installation and commissioning and must not touch unshielded connectors when RF power is on.
Warning Do not install the BTS or its antennas in areas where there is a potential risk for interference with inadequately shielded medical equipment, such as life supporting devices, hearing aids or other electrically or magnetically sensitive devices!
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Warning When installing the BTS or its antennas, the emission of other antennas nearby must be known beforehand so that ambient emissions can be managed properly.
Formula for minimum safety distances
(G-L) 10
r min =
N10 Pout 4 S DN02152589
Figure 26.
Formula for calculating minimum safety distances
The equation refers to the following factors:
DN05106254 Issue 2 en
.
G is the antenna gain (in dB) compared to isotropically radiating antenna
.
P is the power delivered to the antenna (W)
.
L is the total loss (in dB) between the transmitter and the antenna input
.
N is the number of transmitters combined to the antenna
.
S is the maximum allowed power density in air (W/m2).
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Formula for maximum power density
Table 19.
Calculating maximum power density, in preparation for a safety distance calculation
Environment
Formula / Description
Controlled Environments*
The minimum distances are calculated using the reference levels for maximum power density presented in the CENELEC test standard EN 50360:2001, as follows: For the frequency range 400 to 2000 MHz, S = f/ 40 W/m2 (where S is the maximum power density and f is the frequency in MHz) averaged over any 6 minute time interval.
For example, Smax for 5W at 900 MHz is 22.5 W/ m2.
These reference levels are in agreement with other guidelines (such as IEEE/ANSI, IRPA, NCRP, FCC). Uncontrolled Environments*
The minimum distances are calculated using the reference levels for maximum power density presented in the CENELEC test standard EN 50360:2001, as follows:
For the frequency range 400 to 2000 MHz, S = f/ 200 W/m2 (where S is the maximum power density and f is the frequency in MHz) averaged over any 6 minute time interval.
For example, Smax for 5W at 900 MHz is 4.5 W/m2.
These reference levels are in agreement with other guidelines (such as IEEE/ANSI, IRPA, NCRP, FCC).
* Controlled environments refer to locations where there is exposure to persons aware of the potential exposure. Uncontrolled environments refer to locations where there is exposure to persons not aware of the potential exposure and who have no control over it.
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Safety distance calculation example
Warning The safety distance calculations presented in this section do not provide actual safety distances for a BTS site, they are only an example of how to use the formula. Safety distance calculations must be done by trained professionals for each individual BTS site.
Table 20. Parameter
Calculating minimum safety distances (example site only)
Unit
Example values for a MetroSite EDGE BTS with a 7dBi indoor panel antenna 5W
10W
f (frequency)
MHz
850
900
1800
1900
900
1800
Pout (maximum TX power)
W
5
5
5
5
10
10
L (loss, cable and combiner)
dB
5
5
5
5
5
5
G (antenna gain)
dB
7
7
7
7
7
7
N (number of TRXs per antenna)
N
1
1
1
1
1
1
S, controlled environment (power density)
W/m2
21.25
22.50
45
47.5
22.50
45
S, uncontrolled environment (power density)
W/m2
4.25
4.5
9
9.5
4.5
9
Example safety distance for rmin [m] the example parameter values in a controlled environment
0.17 m
0.17 m
0.12 m
0.12 m
0.24 m
0.17 m
Example safety distance for rmin [m] the example parameter values in an uncontrolled environment
0.39 m
0.38 m
0.27 m
0.26 m
0.54 m
0.38 m
3.5
Operating conditions Note When surveying the prospective sites, consider the values presented in this section.
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MetroSite EDGE BTS Product Description
Operating conditions are defined as stationary: the equipment is mounted on a structure or mounting device, or it is permanently placed at a site. The BTS is not intended for portable use. International standard for operation
According to the standard ETS 300 019-1-4:1992, BTS equipment is class 4.1. Climatic conditions for operation
In respect to climatic conditions during operation, the BTS complies principally with class 4.1. However, temperature and humidity values represent extended operational climatic conditions, which differ from class 4.1. The weather shielding of the BTS is valid when the BTS is mounted in the recommended positions.
Table 21.
Climatic conditions for operation (class 4.1, extended)
Environmental parameter
Class 4.1 value
Extended value for the BTS
Low air temperature
-33°C
-40°C
-27°F
-40°F
+40°C
+50°C
+104°F
+122°F
Low relative humidity
15%
-
High relative humidity
100%
High air temperature
3
0.03 g/m3
Low absolute humidity
0.26 g/m
High absolute humidity
25 g/m3
36 g/m3
Rain intensity
6 mm/min
-
0.24 in./min Temperature change rate (average of 5 minutes)
0.5 °C/min
Low air pressure
70 kPa
-
0.9 °F/min -
10.15 psi High air pressure
106 kPa
-
15.37 psi Solar radiation
1120 W/m2
-
Heat radiation
insignificant
-
Surrounding air movement
50 m/s
-
164 ft/s
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Table 21.
Climatic conditions for operation (class 4.1, extended) (cont.)
Environmental parameter
Class 4.1 value
Extended value for the BTS
Conditions of condensation
yes
-
Conditions of precipitation (rain, snow, hail etc.)
yes
-
Low rain temperature
+5°C
-
+41°F Conditions of water from sources other than rain
splashing water
-
Conditions of icing and frosting
yes
-
Mechanical conditions for operation
In respect to mechanical conditions during operation, the BTS complies with ETS 300 019-1-4:1992 class 4.1. Ingress protection
The electronic components inside the units of the BTS are protected against the ingress of rain, snow and dust to the minimum level of IP55 of European standard EN 60529, and level 3R of UL standard 50. Acoustic noise
The maximum acoustic noise generated by the BTS is 61 dBA. The acoustic noise is measured according to ISO 3744. The noise type is sound power. EMC shielding
The chassis and the units of the BTS together provide the electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) shielding. Safety
The BTS cabinet fulfils the relevant safety requirements: EN 60215, EN 60950 and UL 1950. Cabinet cover (HVMC)
The standard cover fitted is the HVMC.
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MetroSite EDGE BTS Product Description
For more information about international standards that cover BTS operating conditions, see International recommendations.
3.6
Space requirements The packing cardboard in the BTS transportation package includes a marked-out template for defining the clearances around the BTS and for marking the drilling holes needed for wall mounting. Use the template for defining how much space is required: .
to remove units from the BTS when it is installed on a wall or pole
.
to remove and replace the cover when the BTS is installed on a wall or a pole
.
for cables and for cooling under the BTS
For more information on using the cardboard template, see Overview of wall mounting the cabinet.
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Top view
NOTE: DIMENSIONS mm (inch)
245 (9.65) Min 50 (2.0)
260 (10.2)
260 (10.2)
260 (10.2)
235 (9.3)
235 (9.3)
235 (9.3)
100 (3.94)
100 (3.94)
100 (3.94)
480 (18.9)
Front view
870mm (34,25 in)
1270mm (50 in)
300 (11.9)
300 (11.9)
300 (11.9)
310 (12.2)
Figure 27.
3.7
Clearances around BTS
Power supply requirements for maintenance and upgrades Prevent injury to personnel or damage to the BTS equipment by following the power supply rules for maintenance and upgrade procedures.
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MetroSite EDGE BTS Product Description
Warning Potentially lethal voltages! The BTS power must be switched OFF at the main disconnect device or circuit breaker before starting maintenance work which involves the risk of electric shocks.
Note The switch on the power supply unit (PSU) of the BTS has two positions: ON and Stand-by.
Table 22.
Power supply rules during BTS upgrade or maintenance procedures
BTS upgrade or maintenance procedure
Power supply rule for BTS
Replacing a power supply unit or PSU cable
.
Power OFF at main disconnect device
.
PSU switch to Stand-by
Replacing a grounding connection
.
Power OFF at main disconnect device
.
PSU switch to Stand-by
Disconnecting or connecting antenna or diversity cables on a TRX
PSU can be switched to ON but TRX must be blocked
Replacing a TRX
PSU can be switched ON but TRX must be blocked
Disconnecting or connecting transmission PSU can be switched ON but TRX must cables be blocked Replacing a transmission unit
PSU switch to Stand-by
Connecting or disconnecting cables to the PSU switch to Stand-by is advised interface unit (VIFA) Connecting cables to the interface unit for PSU switch to Stand-by BTS chaining
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Replacing an interface unit
PSU switch to Stand-by
Replacing a fan unit
.
Power OFF at main disconnect device
.
PSU switch to Stand-by
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3.8
Grounding (earthing) requirements To protect the BTS from damaging over voltages through antenna equipment, communication cables, or power supply lines, grounding cabling must be planned and installed before installation of the base station. To avoid interference, it is recommended that large grounding systems be designed case-specifically. An electrical plug with a ground connection is not sufficient for the BTS. Grounding must have a fixed, non-removable connection.
Note Regulations issued by local authorities must be followed when planning the grounding of a BTS site!
Note A grounding cable can be ordered from Nokia.
In general, grounding is planned according to the following requirements: .
The grounding cable is connected to the grounding points inside the BTS cabinet. All Nokia MetroSite EDGE Base Stations are equipped with two grounding point alternatives: a cable clamp location and a pair of grounding studs. Selection is made in accordance with local regulations.
DN05106254 Issue 2 en
.
The minimum cross-section of the grounding cable's copper (Cu) conductor is 16 mm2 (5 AWG) in outdoor installations. In indoor installations, the minimum cross-section of the copper conductor is 2.5 mm2 (12 AWG).
.
The maximum cross-section of the grounding cable's copper conductor is 35 mm2 (2 AWG).
.
The maximum value for ground resistance is 10 mΩ.
.
The grounding cable must be connected to a main grounding bus bar.
.
The routing of the grounding cable must be as direct as possible. Unnecessary loops should be avoided.
.
The external antenna feeders must also be grounded if the antennas are exposed to the risk of lightning.
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MetroSite EDGE BTS Product Description
3.9
Current limiting protection requirement Caution For 850 MHz and 1900 MHz frequency units to meet the requirements of GR1089-CORE an approved external current limiting protector (such as heat coils) must be fitted to the FXC E1/T1 ports to protect them from over-current fault conditions!
3.10
Wall requirements The installation must be inspected by qualified personnel before mounting the BTS. This is to ensure that the mounting is strong enough to bear the weight of the BTS (maximum 40 kg / 88.2 lb) in its operating environment. Anchor screws are used for attaching the Nokia MetroSite EDGE Base Station to the wall. These screws are not included in the delivery. The anchor screws must be M6 size, stainless steel, and with the minimum breaking strength (Rm) of 800 N/mm2. An appropriate mounting counterpart for the anchor screw (such as an anchor plug) must be selected according to the screw and the mounting base material. If the anchor screws are of a type other than metric, they must be selected to meet the strength requirements mentioned above.
3.11
Pole requirements for pole installation The installation wall or pole must be inspected by qualified personnel before mounting the BTS. This is to ensure that the mounting is strong enough to bear the weight of the BTS (maximum 40 kg / 88.2 lb) in its operating environment. Pole mounting kit
An optional pole mounting kit is required for pole installations. This kit is ordered separately if required. The pole diameter can be between 60 and 300 mm (2.36 and 11.81 in.). Wind load
For pole mounting, select a pole strong enough to withstand stormy conditions.
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Table 23.
Wind loads and pole strength requirements
Wind velocity
Load imposed on the pole
40 m/s
410 N
89 mph 50 m/s
640 N
112 mph
3.12
Overview of unit technical descriptions The plug-in units are connected to the BTS backplane via the connectors on their back panels. The following plug-in units have been fitted in the cabinet mechanics:
DN05106254 Issue 2 en
.
Up to four transceiver units
.
Interface unit
.
Transmission unit (FC E1/T1, FXC E1 and E1/T1, FXC RRI, and FC STM)
.
Power supply unit
.
Fan unit
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MetroSite EDGE BTS Product Description
3
8
4 2
5
6
1
7
DN98916021
1
Lock
2
Cover
3
Backplane
4
Power supply unit
5
Interface unit
6
Transmission unit
7
Fan unit
8
Transceiver units
Figure 28.
3.13
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Arrangement of units
Tools requirements
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Technical specifications for MetroSite EDGE BTS
Table 24.
Tools list
Tool
Notes
Torque driver with 60 mm (2.4 in.) shaft Required for: and: . Unit retaining screws . T10 and T25 Torx bits . BTS fixing screws, cable entry block . screws, ground cable 4 mm Allen bit Torque socket spanner/wrench with 80 mm (3.1 in.) extension shaft and: .
6 mm Allen bit
.
8 mm hexagon socket
.
10 mm hexagon socket (optional)
Required for: .
Bolts in pole brackets, L-beam screws
.
Locking device for pole brackets, grounding cable nut
.
Removing grounding bridges on transmission units
Torque key
For attaching diversity cables
Side cutting pliers
For cutting cable ties and preparing grounding cable for crimp terminal
Crimping tool
For attaching crimp connector to cable in grounding alternatives 1 and 3
Spirit level
For checking the horizontal level of the BTS
Cable stripper
For preparing the grounding cable
Ladder (depending on the installation height from the ground) Cable ties
For securing the cable routing out of the BTS
Antistatic wrist strap
To prevent electro-static discharge damage
Tape measure
DN05106254 Issue 2 en
T20 Torx torque driver
For removing and tightening the BTS cover top retaining screws (optional)
Centre punch
For marking drill hole locations when mounting the BTS on a wall (optional)
Laptop PC
For running Nokia SiteWizard software, version 3.0 or later.
LMP cable
For connecting the BTS Manager PC to the BTS via the LMP port on the interface unit
BTS key
For accessing the BTS cabinet during upgrade or maintenance
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MetroSite EDGE BTS Product Description
Note A set of tools needed for assembling the cable connectors is available from Nokia.
3.14
Torque settings
Table 25.
Torque settings
Bolt/screw type
Torque
Unit retaining screws
1.5 Nm (1.11 ft-lb)
BTS fixing screws
5.5 Nm (4.06 ft-lb)
Ground cable
5.5 Nm (4.06 ft-lb)
Bolts in pole bracket version 1
12 Nm (8.85 ft-lb)
L-beam offset screws
12 Nm (8.85 ft-lb)
Worm screw in pole bracket version 2
10 Nm (7.37 ft-lb)
Grounding nut
5.5 Nm (4.06 ft-lb)
Diversity cables
1 Nm (.74 ft-lb)
3.15
System requirements for Nokia SiteWizard
Table 26.
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System requirements for Nokia SiteWizard software
Operating system
Compatibility
Microsoft Windows 98 Second Edition
.
Local on-site use only supported
Microsoft Windows 2000 (Service Pack 3)
.
Local on-site use supported
.
Remote use (Non-NetAct Node Manager Server) supported
.
NetAct Node Manager Server not supported
# Nokia Corporation
DN05106254 Issue 2 en
Technical specifications for MetroSite EDGE BTS
Table 26.
System requirements for Nokia SiteWizard software (cont.)
Operating system
Compatibility
Microsoft Windows 2000 Server Edition
.
Local on-site use supported
.
Remote use (Non-NetAct Node Manager Server) supported
.
NetAct Node Manager Server not supported
.
Local on-site use supported
.
Remote use (Non-NetAct Node Manager Server) supported
.
NetAct Node Manager Server not supported
Microsoft Windows XP (Service Pack 2)
3.16
RF properties of MetroSite EDGE BTS
3.16.1
Overview of technical data for 5W and 10W transceiver units There are 5W (HVTx) GSM TRX versions available for the 900, 1800, and 1900 MHz frequencies, 5W (WTxx) GSM/EDGE TRX versions available for the 850 and 1900 MHz frequencies, and 10W (CTxx) GSM/EDGE TRX versions for the 900 and 1800 MHz frequencies.
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Technical data for the 5W GSM 900 transceiver unit Technical data for the 5W GSM 1800 transceiver unit Technical data for the 5W GSM 1900 transceiver unit Technical data for the 5W GSM/EDGE 850 transceiver unit Technical data for the 10W GSM/EDGE 900 transceiver unit Technical data for the 10W GSM/EDGE 1800 transceiver unit Technical data for the 5W GSM/EDGE 1900 transceiver unit
3.16.2
Technical data for the 5W GSM 900 transceiver unit
Table 27.
Specific technical data for the 5W GSM 900 TRX
Property
Value
Note
TX frequency range
A: 925 - 960 MHz
Extended GSM
H: 943 - 960 MHz
H and J are customer specific filters
J: 935 - 960 MHz RX frequency range
A: 880 - 915 MHz
J: 890.1 - 915 MHz
H and J with improved isolation between TX and RX bands
Channel spacing
200 KHz
-
Available radio channels
174
-
TX output power at antenna connector, nominal
37 dBm
± 2dB at 20°C (68° F), ± 2.5dB at extreme temperatures
Dynamic power range
30 dB (15 x 2 dB steps)
-
Static RX sensitivity
-110.0 dBm
Nominal
-108.0 dBm
Minimum
RX diversity
Yes
With two or more TRXs in one sector
Isolation requirement for antenna or external combiner equipment
Minimum 25 dB
-
H: 897.5 - 915 MHz
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Technical specifications for MetroSite EDGE BTS
Note For the sensitivity parameter, the indicated production limit is quoted together with the minimum value. (Minimum value accounts for measurement uncertainties).
3.16.3
Technical data for the 5W GSM 1800 transceiver unit
Table 28.
Specific technical data for the 5W GSM 1800 TRX
Property
Value
Note
TX frequency range
1805 - 1880 MHz
-
RX frequency range
1710 - 1785 MHz
-
Channel spacing
200 KHz
-
Available radio channels
374
-
TX output power at antenna connector, nominal
37 dBm
± 2 dB at 20°C (68°F), ± 2.5 dB at extreme temperatures
Dynamic power control
30 dB (15 x 2 dB steps)
-
Static RX sensitivity
-110.0 dBm
Nominal
-108.0 dBm
Minimum
RX diversity
Yes
With two or more TRXs in one sector
Isolation requirement for antenna or external combiner equipment
Minimum 25 dB
-
Note For the sensitivity parameter, the indicated production limit is quoted together with the minimum value. (Minimum value accounts for measurement uncertainties).
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3.16.4
Technical data for the 5W GSM 1900 transceiver unit
Table 29.
Specific technical data for the 5W GSM 1900 TRX
Property
Value
Note
TX frequency range
1930 - 1990 MHz
-
RX frequency range
1850 - 1910 MHz
-
Channel spacing
200 KHz
-
Available radio channels
293 (298)
Five blocked channels. More options available for certain markets in the future.
TX output power at antenna connector, nominal
37 dBm
± 2 dB at 20°C (68°F), ± 2.5 dB at extreme temperatures
Dynamic power control
30 dB (15 x 2 dB steps)
-
Static RX sensitivity
-110.0 dBm
Nominal
-108.0 dBm
Minimum
RX diversity
Yes
With two or more TRXs in one sector
Isolation requirement for antenna or external combiner equipment
Minimum 25 dB
-
Note For the sensitivity parameter, the indicated production limit is quoted together with the minimum value. (Minimum value accounts for measurement uncertainties).
3.16.5
Technical data for the 5W GSM/EDGE 850 TRX
Table 30.
RF properties
Property
Value
Notes
TX frequency range
869 - 894 MHz
-
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Technical specifications for MetroSite EDGE BTS
Table 30.
RF properties (cont.)
Property
Value
Notes
RX frequency range
824 - 849 MHz
-
Channel spacing
200 KHz
-
Available radio channels
119 (123)
Four blocked channels
TX output power at antenna 37 dBm (GMSK) connector, nominal 35 dBm (8-PSK)
2 dB at 20°C (68°F), ± 2.5 dB at extreme temperatures
Dynamic power range
-
Static power level range (BCCH): .
18 dB (GMSK)
.
8 dB (8-PSK)
Total (static + dynamic) power level range: .
30 dB (GMSK)
.
14 dB (8-PSK)
Step size: 2 dB RX diversity
Yes
With two or more TRXs in one sector
Isolation requirement for antenna or external combiner equipment
Minimum 25 dB
-
Table 31.
BTS Output Power TRX output
Table 32.
RF performance Output Power dBm
W
37.0
5
BTS receiver sensitivity
BTS Receiver Sensitivity
Sensitivity (dBm)
2-way diversity
-114.0
Single branch
-111.0
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3.16.6
Technical data for the 10W GSM/EDGE 900 TRX
Table 33.
RF properties
Property
Value
Note
TX frequency range
A: 925 - 960 MHz
Extended GSM
H: 943 - 960 MHz
H and J are customer specific filters
J: 935 - 960 MHz RX frequency range
A: 880 - 915 MHz
H and J with improved isolation between TX and RX bands
H: 898 - 915 MHz J: 890 - 915 MHz Channel spacing
200 KHz
-
Available radio channels
174
-
TX output power at antenna 41 dBm (GMSK) connector, nominal 36 dBm (8-PSK)
± 2 dB at 20°C (68°F), ± 2.5 dB at extreme temperatures
Dynamic power range
Step size: 2 dB
Static power level range (BCCH): .
18 dB (GMSK)
.
10 dB (8-PSK)
Total (static + dynamic) power level range: .
30 dB (GMSK)
.
16 dB (8-PSK)
RX diversity
Yes
With two or more TRXs in one sector
Isolation requirement for antenna or external combiner equipment
Minimum 25 dB
-
Table 34. BTS Output Power GSM 900 TRX output
82 (194)
RF performance Output Power dBm
W
41.0
13
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DN05106254 Issue 2 en
Technical specifications for MetroSite EDGE BTS
Table 35.
BTS receiver sensitivity
BTS Receiver Sensitivity GSM 900
Sensitivity (dBm)
2-way diversity
-114.0
Single branch
-111.0
3.16.7
Technical data for the 10W GSM/EDGE 1800 TRX
Table 36.
RF properties
Property
Value
Note
TX frequency range
1805 - 1880 MHz
-
RX frequency range
1710 - 1785 MHz
-
Channel spacing
200 KHz
-
Available radio channels
374
-
TX output power at antenna 41 dBm (GMSK) connector, nominal 36 dBm (8-PSK)
± 2 dB at 20°C (68°F), ± 2.5 dB at extreme temperatures
Dynamic power control
-
Static power level range (BCCH): .
18 dB (GMSK)
.
8 dB (8-PSK)
Total (static + dynamic) power level range: .
30 dB (GMSK)
.
14 dB (8-PSK)
Step size: 2 dB RX diversity
Yes
With two or more TRXs in one sector
Isolation requirement for antenna or external combiner equipment
Minimum 25 dB
-
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Table 37.
RF performance Output Power
BTS Output Power GSM 1800 TRX output
Table 38.
dBm
W
41.0
13
BTS receiver sensitivity
BTS Receiver Sensitivity GSM 1800
Sensitivity (dBm)
2-way diversity
-115.0
Single branch
-112.0
3.16.8
Technical data for the 5W GSM/EDGE 1900 TRX
Table 39.
RF properties
Property
Value
Note
TX frequency range
1930 - 1990 MHz
-
RX frequency range
1850 - 1910 MHz
-
Channel spacing
200 kHz
-
Available radio channels
293 (298)
Five blocked channels. More options available for certain markets in the future.
TX output power at antenna connector, nominal
37 dBm (GMSK)
± 2 dB at 20°C (68°F), ± 2.5 dB at extreme temperatures
Dynamic power control
Static power level range (BCCH):
35 dBm (8-PSK)
.
18 dB (GMSK)
.
10 dB (8-PSK)
Step size: 2 dB
Total (static + dynamic) power level range:
RX diversity
84 (194)
# Nokia Corporation
.
30 dB (GMSK)
.
16 dB (8-PSK)
Yes
With two or more TRXs in one sector
DN05106254 Issue 2 en
Technical specifications for MetroSite EDGE BTS
Table 39.
RF properties (cont.)
Property
Value
Note
Isolation requirement for antenna or external combiner equipment
Minimum 25 dB
-
Table 40.
RF performance
BTS Output Power GSM 1900 TRX output
Table 41.
DN05106254 Issue 2 en
Output Power dBm
W
37.0
5
BTS receiver sensitivity
BTS Receiver Sensitivity GSM 1900
Sensitivity (dBm)
2-way diversity
-115.0
Single branch
-112.0
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MetroSite EDGE BTS Product Description
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Configurations for MetroSite EDGE BTS
4 4.1
Configurations for MetroSite EDGE BTS Overview of configurations for MetroSite EDGE BTS One Nokia MetroSite EDGE BTS incorporates up to four transceiver units and thus provides sufficient capacity to handle a large amount of telecommunication traffic. Nokia MetroSite EDGE BTS can be sectored very flexibly. Every transceiver unit has its own antenna connector. Every transceiver unit also incorporates a duplex filter, and one antenna therefore handles both transmitting and receiving. Any cell can incorporate up to four transceiver units and, on the other hand, every transceiver unit can form a sector of its own within a cell. A sector consists of one broadcast control channel (BCCH) transceiver unit and, often, one-to-three traffic channel (TCH) transceiver units. The maximum number of transceiver units in one sector is four. At the BSC, one of the slave transceiver units is by default defined as the BCCH transceiver unit. The BCCH transceiver unit is the most likely transceiver unit to need replacement and a slave transceiver unit can be replaced without interrupting the BTS operation. If desired, the BCCH can be forced on the master transceiver unit by using the preferred BCCH feature at the BSC. By using the different sectoring possibilities provided by Nokia MetroSite EDGE BTS and by directing the antennas, different types of coverage areas can be created. The actual shape of the coverage areas varies depending on the environment. The dual-band feature enables the operator to configure any sector to operate either on a 900 or 1800 MHz frequency, thus increasing the capacity of the network. CXM3.3 (or later) software (for 850 and 1900 MHz frequencey bands) or CXM3.3-1 (or later) software (for 900 and 1800 MHz frequency bands) must be available at the BSC. 850/1800 MHz and 900/1900 MHz dual-band frequencies are also possible.
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MetroSite EDGE BTS Product Description
Note The term “cell” is used in the network management system (NMS) context, referring to the coverage area of transceivers from the same base station. Transceiver units from different sectors can be connected to one antenna. The following examples assume that the MetroSite antenna is used. The diversity applications may differ from the examples presented here, if different antenna types are used.
4.2
.
Example configuration: one-sector, single-band configuration
.
Example configuration: four-sector, dual-band configuration
.
Example configuration: one-sector, dual-band configuration
.
Example configuration: Intelligent Coverage Enhancement (ICE)
Example configuration: one-sector, single-band configuration The following figure presents a single-band (GSM/EDGE 900) BTS that has four transceiver units in one sector. The antennas are directed to the same direction. The resulting coverage area comprises four transceiver units. In order to employ diversity, it is most feasible to connect the transceiver units that share the diversity to different antennas.
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Configurations for MetroSite EDGE BTS
Coverage pattern (principle)
BTS configuration - 4 TRXs - 1 sector - Single band - Diversity
Antennas directed to form one coverage area including 4 GSM/EDGE 900 TRXs.
BTS T R X 3
T R X 4
DIV OUT
DIV OUT
DIV IN
DIV IN
T R X 1
T R X 2
DIV OUT
DIV OUT
DIV IN
DIV IN
GSM/EDGE 900 =
GSM/EDGE 1800 =
Dual band =
DN0127777
Figure 29.
Four transceiver units in one-sector, single-band configuration
Another way to build overlapping GSM/EDGE 900 and GSM/EDGE 1800 cells is to direct single-band GSM/EDGE 900 and GSM/EDGE 1800 antennas towards the same direction. The BTS can be used to build fill-in coverage in areas that are difficult to reach with conventional base stations. In these cases, it is recommended that high-gain antennas are used.
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MetroSite EDGE BTS Product Description
4.3
Example configuration: four-sector, dual-band configuration With dual-band antennas, such as the MetroSite antenna, overlapping GSM/ EDGE 900 and GSM/EDGE 1800 coverage areas can be created by connecting transceiver units from a GSM/EDGE 900 sector and transceiver units from a GSM/EDGE 1800 sector to one antenna. The following figure shows schematically the coverage areas created with a BTS that has four sectors (two GSM/EDGE 900 sectors and two GSM/EDGE 1800 sectors) in a (1+1)/(1+1) configuration. One GSM/EDGE 900 and one GSM/ EDGE 1800 sector are connected to each antenna. The antennas are directed to different directions.
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Configurations for MetroSite EDGE BTS
BTS configuration
Coverage pattern (principle)
- (1+1)/(1+1) TRXs - Dual band - No diversity
Antennas directed to form two coverage areas
T R X 3
T R X 4
DIV OUT
DIV OUT
DIV IN
DIV IN
T R X 1
T R X 2
DIV OUT
DIV OUT
DIV IN
DIV IN
GSM/EDGE 900 =
1 GSM/EDGE 900 TRX + 1 GSM/EDGE 1800 TRX in each coverage area
BTS
GSM/EDGE 1800 =
Dual band =
DN0127808
Figure 30.
4.4
(1+1)/(1+1) dual-band configuration
Example configuration: one-sector, dual-band configuration The 2+2 dual-band configuration can be used to build one directional dual-band coverage area. This configuration has one GSM/EDGE 900 sector that includes two transceiver units, and one GSM/EDGE 1800 sector also including two transceiver units. One transceiver unit from the GSM/EDGE 900 sector and one transceiver unit from the GSM/EDGE 1800 sector are connected to one antenna.
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MetroSite EDGE BTS Product Description
The antennas are directed to the same direction. Consequently, the coverage area comprises four transceiver units (two GSM/EDGE 900 and two GSM/EDGE 1800 transceiver units). Diversity can also be utilised in this type of configuration.
Coverage pattern (principle)
BTS configuration
- 2+2 TRXs - Dual band - Diversity
Antennas directed to form one coverage area including 2 GSM/EDGE 900 TRXs + 2 GSM/EDGE 1800 TRXs.
BTS T R X 3
T R X 4
DIV OUT
DIV OUT
DIV IN
DIV IN
T R X 1
T R X 2
DIV OUT
DIV OUT
DIV IN
DIV IN
GSM/EDGE 900 =
GSM/EDGE 1800 =
Dual band =
DN0127859
Figure 31.
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2+2 dual-band configuration
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DN05106254 Issue 2 en
Configurations for MetroSite EDGE BTS
4.5
Example configuration: Intelligent Coverage Enhancement (ICE) When an existing site is upgraded with new EDGE capable transceiver units (and there is a corresponding difference in output power in GMSK), the Intelligent Coverage Enhancement Plus (ICE+ type) feature may be enabled from the BSC. In the following figure, the preferred BCCH transceiver units are TRX3 or TRX4.
BTS configuration Dual polarity Dual polarity
Coverage pattern (principle)
BTS T R X 3
T R X 4
DIV OUT
DIV OUT
DIV IN
DIV IN
T R X 1
T R X 2
DIV OUT
DIV OUT
DIV IN
DIV IN
Capacity
Coverage
GSM/EDGE
GSM
DN03448995
Figure 32.
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Intelligent coverage enhancement configuration
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MetroSite EDGE BTS Product Description
4.6
Transmission connections This section describes the transmission topologies that can be built by using the transmission unit capacity of Nokia MetroSite EDGE BTS. The transmission node that expands the transmission capacity is typically the Nokia MetroHub Transmission Node. For more information on the larger configurations, refer to Nokia MetroHub Transmission Node documentation. The transmission unit takes care of the transmission between Nokia MetroSite EDGE BTS and the BSC through the Abis interface. The transmission media can be either radio link (RRI), optical fibre (STM-1), or wireline (E1/T1). FXC RRI transmission units are used with Nokia MetroHopper radios and/or Nokia FlexiHopper microwave radios. The FC E1/T1, FXC E1 and FXC E1/T1 transmission units are used for wireline transmission. The FC STM-1 unit is used for transmission via optical fibre.
Note When EDGE transmission is being used, the FC E1/T1 transmission unit is not recommended because of the high-data transfer rates that are possible with EDGE.
The FXC RRI, FXC E1, FXC E1/T1, and FC STM-1 transmission units have a cross-connect capability. The bidirectional connection between two interface ports (B2 cross-connection) can be made with 2M, nx64k, 64k, 32k, 16k, and 8k granularities. Granularity refers to the number of bits connected into a specific direction in the cross-connection. In addition, the FC STM-1 offers cross-connect capability at the VC-12 layer. In addition to digital speech data, the FC STM-1 transmission unit can also transfer operating and maintenance information to other equipment in the network. The FC STM-1 unit provides the following main features:
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.
Two STM-1 L-1.1 long-haul optical interfaces
.
Automatic laser shutdown (ALS)
.
Both SDH STM-1 TM and STM-1 ADM (in chaining configuration) node types
.
Fully non-blocking cross-connections on TU-12 level between both STM1 aggregate interfaces and the add/drop traffic
.
SDH S12 SNC/I+ (Inherently monitored subnetwork connection protection), that is, protection on the VC-12 level
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DN05106254 Issue 2 en
Configurations for MetroSite EDGE BTS
.
Up to 4 x TU-12 (2M) drop capacity from SDH
.
Grooming via PDH cross-connections for the add/drop traffic with the following granularity: 8k, 16k, 32k, 64k, Nx64k
.
Interface statistics collection in compliance with ITU-T G.826
.
Easy management of settings and transmission configuration (locally and remotely) with the Nokia Q1 management protocol; management is carried out with a Nokia NetAct compatible node manager
.
Remote and local software download
FC E1/T1 transmission units are used in the termination points of the transmission chain. Depending on the type of transmission unit, it is possible to use the following network topologies:
DN05106254 Issue 2 en
.
Chain connection (see A and B in Examples of transmission connections figure)
.
Star connection (see C and D in Examples of transmission connections figure. With the radio transmission alternative, the centre point of the star is always a transmission node.)
.
Loop connection (see E and F in Examples of transmission connections figure)
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MetroSite EDGE BTS Product Description
FC E1(/T1)
FXC RRI
FXC E1(/T1)
FXC RRI
FXC E1(/T1)
FXC RRI
BSC
n x E1
FXC RRI B
A
FXC RRI FXC RRI F
FC E1/T1
FC E1/T1 FXC E1(/T1)
FXC E1(/T1)
FXC E1(/T1)
FXC E1(/T1)
FXC E1(/T1) E
C FC E1/T1
FXC RRI
FXC RRI D
FXC RRI
Nokia MetroSite EDGE BTS with FXC RRI transmission unit
Transmission node Radio hop
FXC RRI DN9982559
Figure 33.
Examples of transmission connections
Furthermore, Nokia MetroSite EDGE BTS can be directly connected to the BSC.
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Configurations for MetroSite EDGE BTS
Nokia MetroSite EDGE BTS supports 16 Kbit/s, 32 Kbit/s and 64 Kbit/s Abis TRX signalling. The O&M signalling speed alternatives are 16 Kbit/s, 32 Kbit/s and 64 Kbit/s. To optimise the use of transmission capacity, combined O&M and TRX signalling is also supported at all these speeds. Locally, the transmission configuration is managed with the Nokia BTS Manager. Information on how to create different transmission configurations can be found in the BTS Manager’s on-line Help.
Note Since EDGE can carry higher data rates than GSM, the specification of the transmission unit and its configuration should be of suitably high capacity when using GSM/EDGE TRXs.
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Delivery content of MetroSite EDGE BTS
5
Delivery content of MetroSite EDGE BTS
5.1
Delivery content of the BTS transportation package Table 42.
Checklist for contents of the transportation package for the Nokia MetroSite EDGE Base Station
Part
Notes
BTS chassis with the ordered units preinstalled.
Shield units are installed in the slots that are not populated with functional units
BTS cover
Standard cover HVCU
T-shaped mounting rack
Provides the fixing base for the BTS
Two Allen screws, M6 x 20
For fixing the BTS to the mounting rack
Cable cover
For cables routed out of the BTS
Cable cover support
Mounting for the cable cover
Diversity cables Safety strap
For securing the cover to the chassis
Four unit retaining screws
Spare parts
Spare counterparts for the unit retaining screws
Attached to the uppermost TRX guide beam on the top of the BTS
Key for BTS lock
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5.2
Delivery content of the pole mounting kit Table 43.
Checklist for contents of the optional pole mounting kit
Part
Notes
Two front bracket blocks
Upper and lower bracket blocks are identical.
Two back bracket blocks
Upper and lower bracket blocks are identical.
Four Allen screws, M6 x 20
For fixing the front bracket blocks to the mounting rack.
Four long bolts, M8 x 120
For fixing the back block to the front block (smaller diameter poles).
Four flat washers Four flat, square nuts, 20 x 20 x 4 mm
For fixing the back bracket block to the front bracket block (smaller diameter poles).
Two metal bands 1010 mm (39.8 in.)
For fixing the front bracket block to the pole (larger diameter poles).
Two locking devices
Worm drive clamps with hexagon nut/ screw, for tightening the metal band to the pole (larger diameter poles).
Table 44.
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Parts and pole diameters required for pole installation
Part
Notes
Mounting rack
Provided in the BTS transportation package
Pole mounting kit, containing:
For poles of diameter:
.
Small-pole kit: 2 front blocks, 2 back blocks, 4 bolts, 4 square nuts, 4 washers, 4 Allen screws
.
Small poles: 60 - 120 mm (2.4 - 4.7 in)
.
Large-pole kit: 2 front blocks, 2 metal bands, 2 locking devices, 4 Allen screws
.
Large poles: 120 - 300 mm (4.7 - 11.8 in)
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Delivery content of MetroSite EDGE BTS
5.3
Delivery content of the GSM to GSM/EDGE upgrade kit Table 45.
Parts required for a GSM/EDGE upgrade on the Nokia MetroSite EDGE Base Station
Upgrade type
Parts required
5W GSM to 5W GSM/EDGE upgrade
.
5W GSM/EDGE TRX units
.
Nokia SiteWizard 3.1 with Nokia BTS Manager 3.2.2 or later and CXM 3.3 software or later.
.
FXC type transmission unit (if not already fitted)
.
10W GSM/EDGE TRX units
.
Nokia SiteWizard with Nokia BTS Manager 3.3 or later and CXM3.3 software or later (for 850, 900, 1800 and 1900 MHz frequency bands).
.
FXC type transmission unit
.
HVSA12, HVSB12, HVSC11, HVSD12, CVSB, CVSD, or CVSG higher capacity type power supply unit (see Power Supply unit alternatives)
5W GSM to 10W GSM/EDGE upgrade
5.4
Delivery content of the BTS chaining upgrade kit The following parts are required for a BTS chaining upgrade. The number of items depends on whether there will be one or two slave cabinets in the chain. One of each item is required for each slave BTS installed.
Table 46.
Content of the BTS chaining upgrade kit
Part
Notes
Nokia MetroSite EDGE BTS base station with GSM/EDGE TRXs without transmission units.
MetroSite BTS cabinet installation is described in Overview of BTS installation at a new site or Overview of BTS installation at an existing site. The parts required for BTS installation are listed in Delivery content of the BTS transportation package.
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MetroSite EDGE BTS Product Description
Table 46.
Content of the BTS chaining upgrade kit (cont.)
Part
Notes
Nokia MetroSite BTS extension cable kit.
There are two different lengths of extension cable, as follows: .
.
extension cable kit, part number 467614A: .
one 3 metre (9.8 feet) cable
.
two terminators for VIFA EXT connectors
long extension cable kit, part number 469585A: .
one 5 metre (16.4 feet) cable
.
two terminators for VIFA EXT connectors
Transmission unit shield
Part number 467619A
Nokia SiteWizard 3.1 with Nokia BTS Manager 3.2.2 or later and CXM 3.3 software or later.
-
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Technical specifications of MetroSite EDGE BTS cables
6
Technical specifications of MetroSite EDGE BTS cables
6.1
Technical data for DC power supply cables
6.1.1
Connectors, cables, and fuses for cable protection
Table 47.
Connectors, cables and recommended fuses Connector type at the end of cable
Cable
-48 VDC
Anderson Power Pole
Multicore cable 3 x 2.5 mm2
No recommendation, refer to local regulations
+24 VDC
Anderson Power Pole
Multicore cable 3 x 5.3 mm2
No recommendation, refer to local regulations
Power supply type
6.1.2
Recommended fuse for cable protection
Power cable specifications The -48VDC power cables for DC connectivity are light and flexible. They can be installed in dry, damp, and wet environments, both indoor and outdoor, in addition to fire-sensitive locations. Each cable type has three conductors made of high-quality, tinned copper insulated with EPDM rubber and is 10 m in length.
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Table 48.
Specifications for the DC power cable (Product code CS72452.52)
Code
Detail
Maximum voltage Uo / U
450 V/ 750 V
Maximum continuous operating current temperature
+85o C (+ 185o F)
Minimum recommended handling temperature
- 50o C (- 58o F)
Minimum bending radius
68 mm
Live wire colour
Brown
Neutral wire colour
Blue
Earthing cable colour
Green-yellow
Sheath colour
Black
6.2
Technical data for AC power supply cables
6.2.1
Connectors, cables, and fuses for cable protection
Table 49.
Connectors, cables and recommended fuses
Power supply type 110/230 VAC
6.2.2
Connector type at the end of cable IEC 320 (female) with notch
Cable Multicore cable 3 x 1.5 mm 2 (15½ AWG)
Recommended fuse for cable protection 10A for 1.5 mm2 (15½ AWG)
AC Power cable specifications The power cables for AC connectivity are light and flexible. They can be installed in dry, damp, and wet environments, both indoor and outdoor, in addition to firesensitive locations. The cables are 10 m in length and have three conductors made of high-quality tinned copper insulated with EPDM rubber. One end of the cable is fitted with an IEC320 three-pin female connector, and the other end is without connector.
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Table 50.
6.3
Specifications for the 230/110 VAC power cable (Product code CS72452.51)
Code
Detail
Cross-section
1.5 mm2
Nominal diameter
9.5 mm
Nominal voltage Uo / U
450 V/750 V
Maximum continuous operating temperature
+ 85o C (+ 185o F)
Maximum contact temperature (IEC Hot connector
+ 120o C (+ 248o F)
Minimum recommended handling temperature
- 50o C (- 58o F)
Minimum bending radius
54 mm
Live wire colour
Brown
Neutral wire colour
Blue
Earthing cable colour
Green-yellow
Sheath colour
Black
Technical data for grounding cable The grounding cable is plastic insulated copper wires with a yellow-green colour insulation cover identification.
Table 51.
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Grounding cable specifications (Product code CS73174)
Code
Details
Cross-section
16 mm2
Nominal diameter
7.2 mm
Nominal voltage Uo / U
450 V/ 750 V
Maximum continuous operating temperature
+ 60o C (+ 140o F)
Minimum recommended handling temperature
- 50o C (- 58o F)
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Table 51.
6.4
Grounding cable specifications (Product code CS73174) (cont.)
Code
Details
Minimum recommended bending radius (single bend)
22 mm
Colour
Yellow-green
Technical data for Flexbus cable This coaxial cable is suitable for both straight and right-angled BNC/TNC plug connector types. Flexbus uses 50 Ω cable with TNC male connectors of both types, as applicable. The cable is capable of handling frequencies up to 2.8 GHz and is, for example, used to connect the radio outdoor unit to the transmission unit. Cables, type RG223, of 4 m, 8 m and 15 m lengths terminated with TNC male straight connectors are available.
1
5
2
3
4
DN99258727
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1
Outer conductor (layer 2)
2
Outer conductor (layer 1)
3
Inner conductor
4
Dielectric core
5
Sheath
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Technical specifications of MetroSite EDGE BTS cables
Figure 34.
Flexbus cable - Product codes - T36626.01 (RG223) and T36629.01 (RG214)
Table 52.
Flexbus cable characteristics
Property
Value
Cable type
Coaxial cable, double shielded or semi-rigid (recommended types RG-223, RG-214)
Characteristic impedance
50 ± 2 Ω
DC resistance
< 4.6 Ω (sum of inner and outer conductor)
Data attenuation
< 9.0 dB at 19 MHz
Flexbus signals
DC power supply Bidirectional data (37 Mbit/s, NRZ code, 1.4 V pulse amplitude)
Length
Maximum 140 m (153 yards) for RG-223 Maximum 300 m (328 yards) for RG-214
Table 53.
Flexbus cable specifications RG214 cable
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G223 cable
Parameter
Detail
Inner conductor
2.28 mm (.59 in) diameter
0.9 mm (.03 in) diameter
Silver plated copper wires (7)
Silver plated copper wire (single)
5.6 Ω/km at 20o C (68o F
29.4 Ω/km at 20o C (68o F)
50 +/- 2 Ω impedance
50 +/- 2 Ω impedance
101 nf/km capacitance at 800 Hz
106 nf/km capacitance at 800 Hz
201 g/m weight
59 g/m weight
Attenuation: 23 dB/ 100 m at 800 MHz
Attenuation: 69 dB/ 100 m at 1000 MHz
Specification: DIN 40500/T4
Specification: DIN 40500/T4
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Table 53.
Flexbus cable specifications (cont.) RG214 cable
Parameter
Detail
Dielectric core
7.4 mm diameter
3.05 mm diameter
PE
PE
Colour: neutral
Colour: neutral
Braided shield, silver plated copper wires
Braided shield, silver plated copper wires
Specification: DIN 40500/T4
Specification: DIN 40500/T4
9.1 mm diameter maximum
4.39 mm diameter maximum
Braided shield, silver plated copper wires
Braided shield, copper plated wires
Outer conductor (layer 1)
Outer conductor (layer 2)
Specification: DIN 40500/T4 Sheath
10.9 mm diameter PVC Black Specification: DIN 53505
6.5
G223 cable
Specification: DIN 40500/T4 5.55 -0.2 mm diameter PVC Black Specification: DIN 53505
Technical data for the LMP cable The LMP cable connects the Nokia BTS Manager PC to the BTS.
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BQ on the BTS end of cable 4 2
3 LMP out 1 LMP in
3 1
= Hole = Pin
Figure 35.
D9P (female) on the PC end of cable
4 GND 2 nc
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
nc RD TD nc GND nc nc nc nc
4
5 9
2
3 8
7
1 6
GND = Ground RD = Received data TD = Transmitted data nc = not connected
LMP cable connectors
LMP
4
3
2
1
= Hole = Pin
DN99181647
Figure 36.
Pin order of the LMP connector
Table 54.
Connector pin order
BTS end, D9 male, pin PC end, D9 female, pin PC end, D25 female, number number pin number 2, LMP in
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# Nokia Corporation
3, transmitted data
2, transmitted data
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Table 54.
Connector pin order (cont.)
BTS end, D9 male, pin PC end, D9 female, pin PC end, D25 female, number number pin number
6.6
3, LMP out
2, received data
3, received data
5, ground
5, ground
7, ground
Technical data for the Abis cable Table 55.
Abis PCM cables and accessories
Item
Product code
Abis PCM cable for Nokia MetroSite, 3 m, 120 Ω
T36612.01
Abis PCM cable for Nokia MetroSite, 15 m, 120 Ω
T36612.05
Abis PCM cable for Nokia MetroSite, 50 m, 120 Ω
T36612.04
Abis PCM cable, 75 Ω/m
T36602.01
Abis PCM cable, 120 Ω/m
T36614.01
BT43 plug, 75 Ω, 6 T36601.01 pieces for ABC cable TQ plug, 120 Ω, 1 piece
CS73214.02
PCM cable 75 Ω
The 75 Ω PCM cable is used for 2 Mbit transmission between the Nokia MetroSite GSM/EDGE BTS and a BSC. This high quality coaxial cable consists of a plain copper inner conductor, polyethylene dielectric material, two copper braids, and a PVC outer jacket.
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Technical specifications of MetroSite EDGE BTS cables
Table 56.
PCM cable 75 Ω specifications
Characteristic impedance
75 + / - 4 Ω
Mutual capacitance
67 pF/m
Wave attenuation 1 MHz
2.3 dB/100 m
Wave attenuation 4 MHz
4.5 dB/100 m
Wave attenuation 20 MHz
9.2 dB/100 m
Operating voltage
300 V rms
Minimum bending radius
18 mm
Diameter
3.55 mm
Colour
Black
PCM cable 120 Ω
The 120 Ω PCM cable is used for 2 Mbit transmission between the Nokia MetroSite GSM/EDGE Base Station and a BSC. This high quality cable consists of four bare copper wires, polyethylene wire insulation, intermediate plastic tape insulation, tinned copper wire gauze, and a halogen-free outer sheath. The cables available are 3 m, 15 m, and 50 m, terminated with a TQ plug at each end.
Table 57.
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PCM cable 120 Ω specifications
Characteristic impedance
120 + / - 10 Ω
Mutual capacitance
40 nF/km
Wave attenuation 1 MHz
1.7 dB/100 m
Wave attenuation 4 MHz
3.5 dB/100 m
Wave attenuation 20 MHz
7.8 dB/100 m
Operating voltage
300 V rms
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111 (194)
MetroSite EDGE BTS Product Description
Table 57.
PCM cable 120 Ω specifications (cont.)
Minimum bending radius
30 mm
Diameter
4.1 mm
Colour
Grey
BT43 plug
This connector is used with the TZC5024 cable. TQ plug
This Abis 120 Ω interface connector supports the use of cables with outer diameter of 4 - 13 mm and wires of dimension AWG 26 - 30. The cable is provided already assembled and is 2 m in length.
6.7
Technical data for jumper cables Table 58.
6.8
Jumper cable accessories
Code
Description
CS72680.04
Jumper 2.5m 3/8in. N-m angle/N-m Tgrey
CS72680.06
Jumper cable 1.25 m, 3/8 in N-m angle/N-m, telegrey
CS72680.07
Jumper cable 2 m, 3/8 in N-m right-angle/7-16f, telegrey
CS72680.08
Jumper 0.5m 3/8in. N-m/N-m Telegrey
CS72680.10
Jumper 0.7m 3/8in. N-m/7-16f Telegrey
Technical data for the cable entry block The size of the cable entry holes must be considered when planning the cabling of the BTS. The holes can accommodate various cable diameters.
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2 3
4
1 DN99183509
1
Extension cables
2
Antenna cables
3
Power supply cable
4
Grounding cable, 1 pc Transmission cables, max 8 pcs External alarms and controls
Figure 37.
DN05106254 Issue 2 en
Cable entry block: cable diameters
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MetroSite EDGE BTS Product Description
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Software descriptions for MetroSite EDGE BTS
7 7.1
Software descriptions for MetroSite EDGE BTS Network Management System (NMS)/NetAct and BSC software NMS/NetAct software manages the entire GSM/EDGE network, including the BTS, using the BSC. This remote software minimises the need for on-site BTS management. NMS/NetAct software incorporates a full range of functions — from fault, performance and configuration management to transmission, trouble, and security management. Software updates are delivered via Nokia Online Services (NOLS). For more information, see Nokia NMS/NetAct documentation.
7.2
BTS software The BTS can store two software packages in its non-volatile memory. The software can be loaded to the BTS either locally from the Nokia BTS Manager or remotely from the BSC or NetAct. The software packages are loaded to the nonvolatile memory of each TRX. The BSC updates the BTS SW packages if they are different from the BSC software. After downloading, new software is activated by reset and the initialisation takes approximately one minute. The BTS and its units can be reset separately for testing purposes, locally with the Nokia BTS Manager and remotely from the BSC or the NetAct. The BTS startup procedure has been optimised to shorten the bootup time. No time-consuming tests are done during the BTS startup, which contributes to rapid deployment of the BTS and shorter breaks in service after power failures.
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MetroSite EDGE BTS Product Description
Alarms generated by the BTS are radically reduced by advanced diagnostics and alarm management. Only the unit level and BTS level alarms are sent to the BSC. Correlation rules and fault diagnostic procedures ensure that the appropriate recovery procedure is activated automatically. The fault diagnostics make it possible to locate a fault to a specific unit of the BTS or to a specific part of the BTS system.
7.3
Nokia SiteWizard software
7.3.1
Contents Nokia SiteWizard is a collection of software used to manage the BTS on-site. The applications run under Windows NT 4.0, Windows 98, Windows 2000, or Windows XP. Nokia SiteWizard is an application package for the commissioning and maintenance of Nokia UltraSite and MetroSite GSM base stations. The CD-ROM contains manager applications for the BTS and related transmission equipment on a BTS site. Nokia SiteWizard includes the following applications:
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.
Nokia BTS Manager for managing MetroSite EDGE BTS
.
Nokia BTS Hardware Configurator for configuring the MetroSite EDGE BTS cabinet
.
Nokia RRI Manager for FXC RRI transmission unit and connected Nokia MetroHopper and FlexiHopper Radio
.
Nokia E1/T1 Manager for FC E1/T1, FXC E1, and FXC E1/T1 transmission units
.
Nokia Hopper Manager for FIU19(E) and connected Nokia MetroHopper and FlexiHopper Radio
.
Nokia UltraSite BTS Hub Manager for commissioning/administration of the FXC transmission unit in the BTS hub
.
Nokia PSM Manager
.
Nokia MetroHub Manager
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Software descriptions for MetroSite EDGE BTS
Note Nokia SiteWizard software package also contains manager applications for other Nokia BTS products. These applications are not included in the previous list.
Only BTS HW Configurator, UltraSite BTS Hub Manager, and BTS Manager are directly used in the commissioning.
Note Only one application can be communicating with the BTS at a time. Close BTS HW Configurator before starting UltraSite BTS Hub Manager, and close Hub Manager before starting BTS Manager.
7.3.2
Installation The installation program of Nokia SiteWizard installs the applications on the PC hard disk and creates the Nokia Applications submenu in the Start | Programs menu in Windows. You can launch the applications from this menu. For more information on the installation, see instructions on the Nokia SiteWizard CDROM case. Software updates are delivered via Nokia Online Services (NOLS). For further information, see SiteWizard Product Description (also available in NOLS).
7.4
Nokia BTS Manager software Nokia BTS Manager is primarily used to commission the BTS and carry out maintenance tasks locally. BTS sectoring and TRX numbering can be read from the Nokia BTS Manager’s display. During normal operation, the BTS is managed remotely from the OSS. Nokia BTS Manager provides a graphical user interface, running in Windows NT, Windows 95, Windows 98, and Windows XP (CXM4.0 and later) environments. The Nokia BTS Manager provides a commissioning wizard to ease the process of BTS commissioning. Instructions on how to use the Nokia BTS Manager are given in a context-sensitive on-line Help.
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1
Equipment View in the Supervision window
2
BTS Events window
3
Alarms window
Figure 38.
Nokia BTS Manager desktop
Note Nokia BTS Manager is part of the Nokia SiteWizard software package.
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7.5
Technical description of Nokia STM-1 Manager The FC STM node is managed with Nokia FC STM-1 Manager. The Manager Equipment view presents the cabinet with the different units.
Figure 39.
Equipment view
Note The FC STM node consists of an FC STM-1 unit and an FC Bridge unit. These boards are shown in the Equipment view, although both are within the same mechanical housing.
Clicking on the FC STM-1 unit or the FC Bridge unit starts the related manager program. Unit-specific menus for the FC STM-1 and FC Bridge unit appear before the Tools menu of Nokia FC STM-1 Manager on the menu bar.
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MetroSite EDGE BTS Product Description
Figure 40.
STM-1 Manager menu bar
Under the STM-1 menu you can:
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.
manage FC STM-1 unit identifications and installation data
.
manage STM-1 interface settings (Optical Section, Regenerator Section, Multiplex Section, and Virtual Container 4 settings) for interfaces 1 and 2
.
manage SDH-PDH channel settings (Trail Trace Identifier, Performance Collection, VC-12 Path Label settings, and VC-12 Mapping Mode)
.
manage alarm properties information • enable/disable alarm monitoring states
.
view and reset G.828 statistics and statistics history
.
view measurements
.
manage interface loops
.
manage forced indications
.
download and activate new software for the FC STM-1 unit and for the SDH part of the FC Bridge unit
.
check the manager version in the About Nokia STM-1 Manager box
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Figure 41.
FC Bridge menu on the FC STM-1 Manager menu bar
Under the Bridge menu you can: .
manage FC Bridge unit identifications and installation data
.
manage SDH-PDH channel settings (in use/not in use and loop status)
.
manage alarm properties information
.
download and activate new software for the PDH part of FC Bridge
.
view statistics and statistics history
.
manage forced indications
.
check the manager version in the About Bridge Manager box
You can also use the toolbar short-cuts to access the menu items. The following tasks are performed under the respective FC STM-1 Manager:
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.
managing PDH and SDH synchronisation settings (Configuration → Synchronization)
.
managing Embedded Operations Channel (EOC) settings (Configuration → Q1 Management)
.
creating cross-connections (Configuration → Cross-connections)
.
managing service interface settings (Configuration→Service Interface)
.
viewing current Alarms (Alarms→View)
.
performing tests (Maintenance→Tests)
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MetroSite EDGE BTS Product Description
If you try to make changes that are not possible, you are notified and the previous settings are restored. To send the changes to the node, click Apply. To send the changes to the node and to close the window or dialogue box, click OK. In dialogue boxes with related menu activities (for example Modify or Refresh), you can use the buttons in the dialogue box to access the related menus or use the pop-up menus (right-click). Generally these instructions detail the use of the buttons in the dialogue box.
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8
Feature descriptions of CXM software
8.1
General For more information on all the features, refer to Nokia GSM/EDGE BSS System Documentation and Nokia BSC/TCSM Product Documentation sets. Operating and Application SW
Nokia BSS11.5 Software consists of Operating Software and Application Software: .
Operating Software means software that includes the basic functionalities and enhancements.
.
Application Software means software that consists of value-adding functionalities.
This requires no user actions in the BTS. The BSS11.5 system features will be available in the following network element releases: S11.5, DF7, CXM4.1, CX4.1. For general guidelines related to licensing, refer to BSS Licensing in the BSS System Documentation.
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8.2
New features in Nokia MetroSite EDGE BTS SW CXM4.1
8.2.1
BSS11131 Rx Antenna Supervision by comparing RSSI Value for MetroSite The purpose of this feature is to monitor the Rx antenna condition. Rx antennas can be monitored for major problems by taking a long-term average of the difference between the Main Rx RSSI (Received Signal Strength Indication) and the Div Rx RSSI. This feature provides continuous antenna supervision for the BTSs, which have main and diversity in use. The monitoring is based on the principle that all received bursts, where the Rx level of main or diversity branch is above the defined limit value (-100 dBm), are accepted as samples and used in the averaging process. The difference is calculated per TRX between received levels on main and diversity antennas. If the difference is above the threshold (default value 10 dB), an alarm is activated. The threshold default value of 10 dB can be changed by a parameter at the BSC between 3 and 64. The functionality of the feature can be disabled by using the maximum value. RSSI enhancements
BTS SW CXM4.1 includes the following enhancements to RSSI:
8.2.2
.
The sample rate in RSSI has changed to 160K samples.
.
The minimum Rx level for valid RSSI difference measurement is -100 dBm.
.
The threshold default value lower limit settable at the BSC has gone down from 5 to 3.
BSS11052 Dynamic Frequency and Channel Allocation (DFCA) Dynamic Frequency and Channel Allocation (DFCA) is a radio channel allocation software for dynamically assigning the optimum radio channel for a new connection. DFCA uses interference estimations derived from mobile station downlink (DL) measurement reports and combines them with the timeslot and frequency usage information. DFCA channel allocation algorithm selects the radio channel for a connection from a dedicated channel pool based on carrier/interference (C/I) ratio criteria. The idea in DFCA channel selection is to provide enough quality in terms of C/I, so that each connection will meet its Quality of Service (QoS)
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requirements. The different degrees of interference tolerance of different connection types are taken into account in the channel selection process. Examples of the connection types are connections using enhanced full rate speech codec (EFR) or full rate (FR) and half rate (HR) connections using adaptive multi-rate speech codec (AMR). The main DFCA functionality is located in the BSC. The DFCA channel allocation algorithm in the BSC controls the radio channel assignments of all DFCA TRXs in all BTSs controlled by the BSC. The BTSs using DFCA must be synchronised to a global clock reference provided by the GPS satellite system. This is achieved by having a Location Measurement Unit (LMU) installed in every BTS site. The LMU incorporates a GPS satellite receiver and provides a common clock signal that is used by all BTSs in the site. DFCA is used for circuit switched traffic. Packet switched traffic is not handled by this software. The (E)GPRS territory is placed on a regular TRX which has been assigned to a separate portion of the frequency band and controlled by the conventional channel allocation algorithm. DFCA is a licence-based application software. Its use is controlled by a capacity licence based on the number of TRXs. To activate DFCA, the state of the licence must be set to ON. DFCA frequency hopping is a new frequency hopping mode supported by UltraSite and MetroSite base stations with wide band combining from CX4.1 software release onwards. DFCA hopping is based on the basic principle of synthesised frequency hopping where the TRX unit changes the used frequency according to the given hopping sequence. With DFCA hopping, the TRX supports independent cyclic hopping sequences for each timeslot that can be freely selected with each channel activation. With DFCA hopping, the BSC can freely select the MA-list, MAIO and TSC for each TCH activation allowing the DFCA algorithm to choose the most suitable radio channel for each new connection or handover based on C/I criteria. This full channel selection freedom allows DFCA to achieve the best performance with DFCA hopping mode. The DFCA hopping mode is applied only in the TRXs dedicated to DFCA use (DFCA TRXs). Requirements
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.
DFCA requires either UltraSite or MetroSite base station.
.
The UltraSite base station requires wideband combining or no combiners.
.
DFCA is not supported with RTC combiners.
.
DFCA requires BSS synchronisation, which means that one LMU unit must be installed in every BTS site.
.
Within a BTS, the use of DFCA is controlled on a 'per TRX' basis.
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MetroSite EDGE BTS Product Description
In a BTS using DFCA, there are both DFCA and regular TRXs. The DFCA TRXs do not support any signalling channels and therefore the BCCH TRX of a BTS and a TRX carrying SDCCH channels must be a regular TRX. Also (E)GPRS is not supported in the DFCA TRXs. Depending on the requirements for the (E)GPRS territory size, this may require the operator to define another regular TRX, in addition to the BCCH TRX of a BTS for carrying (E)GPRS. The usage of DFCA frequencies for regular TRXs may cause some local DFCA performance degradation because of the uncontrolled interference. Interaction with other features
The following features cannot be used in a BTS using DFCA: .
IUO/IFH: DFCA will replace these features
.
Dynamic Hotspots
.
Extended cell radius
.
ICE
.
Antenna hopping
.
IDD
The following features cannot be used in a TRX using DFCA:
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Dynamic SDCCH (not usable for the DFCA TRXs)
.
FACCH call set up (not usable for the DFCA TRXs)
.
Interference Band Recommendation: DFCA will replace this functionality
.
Power optimisation in handover: DFCA will replace this functionality
.
(E)GPRS: PS territory is not allowed in DFCA TRX but only in regular TRXs in DFCA
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Benefits .
Enhanced quality: DFCA is able to handle different circuit switched traffic classes (EFR, HR, AMR, 14.4 kbit/s data) individually, and it provides the operator with means to differentiate between users. This is especially powerful when the full benefit of AMR connections is wanted without 100% AMR penetration. By guaranteeing a sufficient C/I level for each user, the network performance in terms of received signal quality (RXQUAL), frame error rate (FER) and dropped call rate can be significantly improved.
.
Capacity booster: The criteria of sufficient C/I for each connection optimises also the interference caused to other connections. This leads to significant capacity gain, as the use of the valuable frequency resources is dynamically optimised. By decreasing the effective frequency reuse distance in the network, DFCA enables the operator to accommodate more circuit switched traffic by adding more TRXs to the existing BTSs without quality deterioration. Alternatively, more frequencies can be used on the regular layer, thus increasing the performance and capacity available for (E)GPRS.
8.2.3
FC STM-1 transmission card HW support in MetroSite EDGE BTS The FC STM-1 unit enables cross-connection between Plesiochronous Digital Hierarchy (PDH) and Synchronous Digital Hierarchy (SDH) transmission rates. The unit is a complete SDH STM-1 Terminal Multiplexer (TM) or Add/Drop Multiplexer (ADM) inside Nokia base stations. The main features of FC STM-1 are:
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.
Two optical long-haul STM-1 interfaces (L-1.1, 1310 nm).
.
Support for Automatic Laser Shutdown (ALS).
.
Support for SDH STM-1 Terminal Multiplexer (TM) and STM-1 Add/ Drop Multiplexer (ADM) node types.
.
Fully non-blocking cross-connections on TU-12 level between both STM1 aggregate interfaces and the add/drop traffic.
.
SDH S12 SNC/I+ (Inherently monitored Subnetwork Connection protection) supported (protection on VC-12 level).
.
Up to 4 x TU-12 (2M) drop capacity from SDH.
.
Support for grooming via PDH cross-connections for the add/drop traffic with the following granularity: 8k, 16k, 32k, 64k, Nx64k.
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.
Interface statistics collected in compliance with ITU-T G.828.
.
Easy management of settings and transmission configuration (locally and remotely) with the Nokia Q1 management protocol. Management is carried out with a Nokia NetAct compatible node manager.
.
Remote and local software download.
Requirements
The FC STM unit only fits within the transmission slot of a MetroSite EDGE BTS and cannot be deployed in a MetroHub or UltraSite cabinet.
8.3
Features in Nokia MetroSite EDGE BTS SW CXM4.0
8.3.1
BSS11118 Multi BCF for MetroSite BTS Multi BCF Control feature allowed the combination of several BTSs into one logical cell, allowing the operator to increase the capacity of a cell while maintaining the maximum spectral efficiency. The new Multi BCF for MetroSite BTS feature enables up to three MetroSite, or ConnectSite 10 BTS cabinets to be connected to one TalkFamily BTS. The maximum number of TRXs with this combination can be 24 (12 TRXs Talk cabinet and 12 TRXs using three chained Metro cabinets). The Multi BCF for MetroSite BTS enables the Multi BCF to provide a path for site expansion from Nokia TalkFamily to Nokia Metro and UltraSite EDGE BTSs and thus an evolution path to EDGE services. The operator can arrange base stations so that the TRXs in different base stations, operating on the same frequency band, can serve the same cell with a single BCCH. At the base station site, the operator makes some installations, for example synchronisation between the base stations. At the BSC, the operator uses a new SEGMENT (SEG) object to set all BTS objects to share the same BCCH.
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Abis O&M Abis O&M
Synchronization(FN,FCLK) Extension cable BC CH T R X
T R X
T R X
T R X
T R X
T R X T R X
SEG-1 Extension cable
T R X
T R X
T R X
T R X
T R X
T R X
BC CH
T R X
T R X BC CH
T R X
T R X
Figure 42.
SEG-2 Extension cable
T R X T R X
SEG-3
METRO CHAIN
TALK BC = BCCH TRX CH
T R X T R X
T R X
= NON-BCCH TRX
Multi BCF configuration example
Segment functionality
The Multi BCF feature introduces a new architecture and radio network object, called the SEGMENT (SEG), which is essentially the same as the telecom cell. The difference between a SEG and a telecom cell is that the SEG may consist of several BTS objects. A BTS is a group of identical TRXs. A BTS must consist of TRXs of the same frequency band (Common BCCH) and TRXs of the same base station site type (Multi BCF).
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MetroSite EDGE BTS Product Description
The possibility to use the segment structure is not restricted to the Common BCCH Control and Multi BCF Control features, but is an option of its own. An operator can, for example, create multiple hopping groups in a cell by gathering TRXs of one hopping group into one BTS and have several such BTSs in a segment. Operators can use the new SEG object at the BSC to set all the BTS objects to share the same BCCH. Several BTS objects can belong to one SEG, however, only one BTS object of the SEG can have a BCCH (reconfigurations to the other BTSs are not supported). The SEG can have BTS objects that differ in: .
Frequency band - Primary GSM 900, Extended GSM 900, and GSM 1800 - GSM 800 and GSM 1900 (each band contains only TRXs of the same frequency in one or more BTSs).
.
Power levels . .
TalkFamily and UltraSite or ConnectSite 100 BTSs TalkFamily and UltraSite - TalkFamily and MetroSite EDGE BTSs
.
Normal and extended cell radius frequencies
.
EDGE capability
In its simplest form, a SEG may also consist of only one BTS/TRX.
BCF-1
BCF-2
BTS-1
BTS-2
BTS-3
TRX-1
TRX-2
SEG-1
TRX-1
BCCH
SEG-2 BTS-4 = GSM900 BCCH
Figure 43.
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TRX-1
= GSM1800
Example of a SEGMENT radio network object
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Benefits
Multi BCF for MetroSite BTS feature enhances MetroSite or ConnectSite 10 BTS as part of a Multi BCF concept which allows the combination of several BTSs into one segment. Evolution to EDGE services in TalkFamily BTS sites is enabled in addition to UltraSite, MetroSite and ConnectSite BTSs.
8.3.2
BSS11086 Support for Enhanced Measurement Report The Support for Enhanced Measurement Report (EMR) feature provides the system with enhanced serving and neighbour cell measurements. This is achieved by requesting the Mobile Station (MS) to use the EMR for reporting downlink measurements. The Enhanced Measurement Report also provides the system with information such as Downlink Frame Erasure Rate (DL FER), the usage of Bit Error Propability (BEP) instead of RX Quality during the DTX frames, and the support for reporting WCDMA RAN neighbour cells. In addition, the EMR also provides an extended range for the serving and neighbour cells downlink signal strength and the possibility to report altogether up to 15 GSM and/or WCDMA RAN neighbour cells in one report. These reports can be used by the network to enhance the generic performance of the existing system, enable the GSM/WCDMA interworking, and enhance several existing or new Nokia features, such as: .
Automated planning
.
Dynamic Frequency Channel Allocation (DFCA)
.
FER measurement
.
Intelligent Underlay Overlay (IUO) and Intelligent Frequency Hopping (IFH)
The major difference between the Enhanced Measurement Report (EMR) and the Measurement Report (MR) is that the EMR only reports on the neighbours it is told about. When the EMR reporting is requested, in addition to the neighbour cell BCCH frequencies, the BSC also sends valid Base Transceiver Station Identity Codecs (BSICs) of the neighbouring cells to the MS. Furthermore, the MSs are also provided with the Real Time Difference (RTD) information of the neighbour cells that are under the same BSC as the serving cell and in LMU synchronisation with it. The request for using the EMR for reporting, BSIC, and the RTD information of the neighbour cells, as well as all user definable parameters for EMR reporting, are sent to the MS in a 'measurement information' message on the TCH channel.
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MetroSite EDGE BTS Product Description
BSC Dualmode MS
GSM BTS
Abis
SACCH uplink block (Enhanced Measurement Report)
Figure 44.
MEASUREMENT RESULT (Enhanced measurement Report)
Enhanced Measurement Reporting
The implementation of the Support for Enhanced Measurement Report feature in the BTS requires changes in the Telecom and CHDSP SW groups. Channel DSP SW: .
Calculates 3 new parameters: .
.
.
The MEAN_BEP, the CV_BEP, defines the quality of the frames received by the DSP SW from the MS. The NBR_TX_BLOCKS, represents the number of good speech blocks transmitted in 1 SACCH multiframe.
Sends these parameters via a modified DSP-UC (Telecom) SAM (SACCH and Measurements) Message every 480 ms. This is an internal interface also used by the O&M SW.
Changes in the Telecom SW (RR and LAPDm tasks): .
Support for DL FER: .
.
.
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The MS reports the number of blocks received, and the CHDSP reports the number of blocks transmitted. The Telecom SW subtracts these two, averages over the period specified, and forwards the number of bad frames to the BSC in the Measurement Report message. The BSC then calculates the DL FER.
Averaging of the Enhanced Measurement Reports:
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.
.
The user can decide the averaging period to be used for the EMR using an MML command. It can range from 480 ms to 1920 ms. The Telecom SW is then responsible for averaging the new parameters calculated and transmitted by the DSP SW (MEAN_BEP, CV_BEP). The averaging is over N*480 ms.
The user equipment supporting the Enhanced Measurement Report is based on 3GPP release '99 or newer. Interaction with other features: .
The network does not order a MS to use the EMR for reporting when an Idle BCCH Allocation List or a Measurement BCCH Allocation List is used in active state in the serving cell.
.
With Common BCCH Control, when a call is in a non-BCCH frequency band, the serving cell BCCH frequency is added to the BCCH frequency list.
.
When the EMR is used for reporting, also the serving cell BSIC is added to the BSIC list before sending it to a MS.
Benefits
8.3.3
.
Improved generic performance of the system
.
Improved GSM/EDGE/WCDMA interworking
.
Improved performance of statistics
BSS11073 Recovery for BSS and Site Synchronisation The main purpose of the Recovery for BSS and Site Synchronisation feature is to offer automatic recovery: .
when the Location Measurement Unit (LMU) clock signal is lost, to get the chained BTS cabinet (site) into an unsynchronised mode
.
when the LMU clock signal is again available, to return the chained cabinet back into a synchronised mode
The feature also offers synchronisation recovery for a Multi BCF site. When the BTS chain is defined in the BSS radio network database, this feature automates the recovery if the BTSs in the chain are synchronised and the clock signal is lost and regained. On the other hand, if the chain is not defined or the BSS or Site synchronisation of the chain has not been activated, the used
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MetroSite EDGE BTS Product Description
functionality of the BSS and Site synchronisation is on a BSS10.5 level and the user has to lock and unlock the sites in correct order to enable the system synchronisation. The BSC receives the information for recovery from Q1 and BTS alarms. This feature can be used together with the Dynamic Frequency and Channel Allocation (DFCA) when the LMU is defined as a clock source in the BSS radio network database and the BCF is in a synchronised mode, and with the Multi BCF configuration, provided that all the unlocked BCFs are defined to the same chain operating in a synchronised mode. For TalkFamily BTS chain the maximum is 6 BTSs, and for MetroSite BTS chain a maximum of 9 BTSs. Up to 3 MetroSite EDGE BTS cabinets can be connected to 1 TalkFamily BTS. TalkFamily BTSs cannot be placed after MetroSite in the clock chain. The expansion is always made from Talk to Metro BTS. MetroSite cannot be followed by any other BTS generation in the clock chain.
Abis
BSC
FN Offset
BTS (MetroSite) (slave)
LMU (master) Q1
IN
OUT
FN, FCLK
Figure 45.
Synchronised BSS example in MetroSite chain
The BSS is synchronised by a Global Positioning System (GPS). This means that LMUs are installed to every site with GPS antennas. The clock source is a GPS satellite via LMU. When LMU feeds the clock, all BTSs are working as slaves. When the LMU clock feed is lost, the BSC starts a timer. The synchronised operation continues uninterrupted based on the BTS internal clock. If the BSC
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timer expires, the first BTS in the chain becomes a clock master and starts supplying the clock signal to the other BTSs. The BTS synchronisation status indication in BSC is changed to 'unsynchronised'. When the LMU clock is recovered, the BTS becomes again synchronised. In order to take the Recovery of BSS and Site Synchronisation feature into use, the user needs to define the LMU area configuration in BSS synchronisation, define the synchronisation configuration (BSS or Site synchronisation), activate the synchronisation of the chain, and add a slave BCF to a synchronisationenabled chain in the BSC. The operator can also define the BCF to work in an independent mode, which means that the BCF's synchronisation source is an external PCM. The independent BCF cannot be defined to a clock chain and no synchronisation recovery action is performed. This feature supports the following BTS generations and SW, when the chain is defined: .
UltraSite with CX4
.
MetroSite with CXM4
.
TalkFamily DF7
.
When BSS synchronisation configuration is used, LMU SW 4.0 is required with the feature
Benefits
Automatic recovery for the loss of LMU clock, when the BTS chain is defined in the BSS radio network database:
8.3.4
.
Automatic BSC controlled recovery to unsynchronised operation
.
Automatic BSC controlled return back to synchronised operation
.
Timeslot offset parameter sending to LMU
.
BTS synchronisation configuration and mode information available from the BSC by MML and NetAct
BSS11061 Intelligent shutdown for MetroSite BTS A BTS can be equipped with a battery backup system to provide protection against a mains power break.
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MetroSite EDGE BTS Product Description
The purpose of the intelligent shutdown feature is to maintain the BTS site operation for as long as possible by reducing capacity (units turned off or reduced to low power consuming modes) so that only the essential site functions are maintained. The reduction of the site capacity is controlled by the BSC, which commands individual transceiver units to be shut down or started up. On a BTS site basis, the operator can define the service level of the site to be maintained while the battery backup is in use. The operator can also define two timers, allowing the execution of the shutdown procedure in phases, reducing capacity in a controlled way. Three service level options are available: .
Full service – Service is maintained at full capacity for as long as the battery power supply lasts. The two timers are ignored.
.
BCCH backup – The BTS maintains full capacity until the first timer expires. After that, all active calls on non-BCCH transceivers are handed off. The non-BCCH transceivers are blocked from carrying any new calls and the BSC commands the BTS to shut them down. The master and BCCH TRX(s) are maintained to offer minimum service.
.
Transmission backup – The second timer starts after the first one has expired. After the expiry of the second timer, all active calls on BCCH transceivers are handed-off. The BCCH transceivers are blocked from carrying new calls and the BSC commands the BTS to shut them down. Only the BTS transmission equipment power is maintained to secure the functionality of a transmission chain for as long as the batteries last.
When the mains power is restored, the BSC commands the BTS site to power all the shut down equipment and return back to full service. Battery backup configurations for MetroSite: .
3rd Party Battery Backup Solution
When using a 3rd party battery backup solution, an external alarm line is designated to indicate a mains power loss/restoration from that equipment. This is specified in the configuration data sent to the BTS from the BSC during the initial start-up or reset of the BTS. In case the mains power is lost, a mains breakdown alarm is sent from the battery backup system to the BTS and further to the BSC, which then triggers the shutdown procedure. The following EAC inputs must be used:
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.
Input 1: MAINS
.
Input 7: Low Battery Warning
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BTS shutdown implementation in MetroSite BTS: .
If a transceiver is to be shut down, it can be physically powered off.
.
Unless the BTS is part of a larger chained configuration, the transceiver (except for the Master transceiver) is switched off.
.
If there is more than one MetroSite cabinet in the site (for example, 2 or 3 MetroSite BTSs are chained together), the Slave cabinets can be powered off (including their master transceivers), as the Master cabinet maintains the transmission chain.
Benefits
The operation is optimal during both short and long mains breaks. Timers allow executing the shutdown procedure in several phases. Each phase reduces the battery power consumption. With intelligent shutdown you can define the service level to be applied on a mains failure to optimise the trade-off between the service level and battery power lifetime. A short mains break will not reduce the service unnecessarily, whereas during a longer break, the essential functions, such as BCCH or transmission chain, are maintained for as long as possible.
8.3.5
Enhanced Automatic Frequency Correction (E-AFC) The E-AFC feature, or in full name, Enhanced Decision Directed AFC (EDDAFC), is an EDGE receiver algorithm enhancement to support high speed users of Gaussian Minimum Shift Keying (GMSK) based speech and data services, such as someone on a train E-AFC supports the following channels: .
Signalling (FACCH, SDCCH, SACCH)
.
FR, EFR and AMR speech codecs
.
(HS)CSD
E-AFC also supports Baseband hopping and 4UD. (E)GPRS channels and Non-EDGE mode are not supported in the initial implementation of this feature. The RF performance of the BTS is impaired by various phenomena that introduce frequency errors such as:
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MetroSite EDGE BTS Product Description
.
Doppler shifts caused by the mobile user physical moving
.
Fixed offsets in the Mobile Station transmitter crystal oscillator
The Automatic Frequency Correction (AFC) algorithm estimates the frequency errors and attempts to cancel these in the received signal path. The current DDAFC algorithm implementation calculates frequency offset estimates and applies correction on a burst-by-burst basis. This is performed solely by the EQDSP. The effectiveness of this algorithm is degraded as the magnitude of the frequency offsets increases, that is the speed of the mobile increases. The E-DDAFC enhances the existing DDAFC algorithm by tracking the frequency offset over a number of bursts. This solution involves both the EQDSP and CHDSP. A long-term coarse (average) frequency offset value is calculated and updated on each new burst received per user. This 'average' value is used to apply a coarse correction to subsequent bursts from the same user prior to the current burst-byburst correction system, which makes any fine adjustments necessary. The E-DDAFC re-uses the current DDAFC burst-by-burst estimator as it is.The EQDSP additionally calculates and updates the coarse frequency offset and sends this coarse frequency estimate via Fbus to the CHDSP for storage in the AFC database. The CHDSP associates each coarse frequency offset with a particular user and current burst on air, retrieves the AFC coarse correction from the AFC database and sends this correct value back to the EQDSP in advance of each Uplink burst.
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CHDSP Coarse Freq Estimate Database Fbus
Coarse Estimate
DDAFC
Equalisation
EQDSP Burst Pre-processing DN03398916
Figure 46.
8.3.6
E-DDAFC interface overview between CHDSP and EQDSP
BSS9011 Intelligent Coverage Enhancement Plus (ICE+) With ICE+, it is possible to divide the TRXs belonging to the same sector into two groups to provide both coverage and capacity sharing one common Broadcast Control Channel (BCCH) (see the figure below).
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MetroSite EDGE BTS Product Description
2 Coverage TRXs
4 Capacity TRXs
ICE+
Figure 47.
Intelligent Coverage Enhancement Plus (ICE+)
The TRXs at the coverage area use bypass configuration to provide more output power to the antenna connector. The capacity TRXs are combined to the same TX antenna to provide more capacity. Due to TX combining, the coverage TRXs have a higher output power than the antenna connector. The BCCH carrier is in the coverage area. The figure below shows the cabling connections in an ICE+ configuration when 2 TRXs use combiner bypass for coverage and 4 TRXs use wideband combining for capacity.
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TRX 1
M2xA (2-way Receiver Multicoupler Unit)
TX RX
COVERAGE
DVxx
RX div
RX 1 RX 2
TRX 2 TX RX
RX 1 DRXIN DRX 2
RXIN
RX div
TX 1 RX 1 RX1EXT TX 2 RX 2 RX2EXT
TRX 3 TX RX RX div TRX 4 TX RX RX div TRX 5 TX RX
CAPACITY RXIN
M6xA (6-way Receiver DRX 1 Multicoupler DRX 2 Unit) DRX 3 DRX 4 DRXIN DRX 5 DRX 6
RX div
WCxA
TRX 6
TX 1 TXOUT TX 2
TX RX RX div
Figure 48.
8.3.7
RX 1 RX 2 RX 3 RX 4 RX 5 RX 6
DVxx TX 1 RX 1 RX1EXT TX 2 RX 2 RX2EXT
WCxA TX 1 TXOUT TX 2
2 TRXs using combiner bypass (coverage) and 4 TRXs using 6-way wideband combining (capacity) arranged in an ICE+ configuration
BSS11037 Remote BTS Manager The Base Transceiver Station (BTS) equipment can be controlled locally at the site by the user, via Nokia BTS Manager. To minimise the need for site visits, it is necessary that the BTS Manager functions are also accessible remotely.
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MetroSite EDGE BTS Product Description
The Remote BTS Manager feature enables to monitor and test the BTS remotely, by connecting the remote BTS Manager to the BTS via the Network Management System (NMS/2000) or NetAct. A PC with the BTS Manager software is used as a user terminal. Nokia's General Communication Server (GCS) SW Suite is used for providing both local and remote connections to the BTS. The remote BTS Manager is implemented on the basis of the existing Q1 transmission equipment protocol. BTS Manager commands are encapsulated within this protocol that is further encapsulated within a number of different signalling protocols (TCP/IP, X25, Abis). Therefore, it is possible to remotely centralise the control of several BTSs from one location.
BTS
Remote BTS MANAGER
Q1 O T M R U X
Remote BTS MANAGER Q1 over TCP/IP (using GCS protocol)
BTS
Q1 over Abis
O T M R U X
Local BTS Manager
Q1 over Abis
BSC Q1 over TCP/IP (using GCS protocol)
NetAct
Q1 over X25/LAN (using GCS protocol) Note: Either a Local or a single Remote Connection to a BTS possible at a time
Figure 49.
Remote BTS Manager connection
The user can connect to a remote BTS using the BTS Manager application, via a menu item and/or a toolbar button, or via the command line. The user is informed, via the BTS Manager User Interface (UI), of the remote connection status, when information is being requested from the remote BTS, and when received information from a remote BTS is being processed by the BTS Manager. The remote BTS Manager supports all the features available via a local connection, with the exception of the following:
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.
SW loading
.
BTS commissioning
.
Undo BTS commissioning
.
Control Abis interface (enable/disable)
.
LMB speed change
.
Local block/unblock
It is not possible to perform the BTS commissioning remotely, because the BTS must be commissioned before the BSC can send remote BTS Manager commands to it. At the BTS, the messages sent from or to the remote BTS Manager are re-routed, but handled in the same way as with the local connection.
8.3.8
BSS10101 GSM-WCDMA interworking In order for an operator to provide seamless coverage in areas where WCDMA is not available, such as rural areas, inter-system handovers are introduced. This feature facilitates handovers between GSM BSS and WCDMA RAN. Also, when the WCDMA and GSM networks overlap, an inter-system handover from GSM to WCDMA can be made to release traffic load in the GSM system. Benefits of the inter-system handover include: .
seamless coverage extension for 3G with the existing GSM network or vice versa
.
capacity extension for GSM with load sharing between 3G and GSM
.
3G services to all dual-mode subscribers
Both the circuit switched (handover and MS cell re-selection) and packet switched (MS cell re-selection and Network controlled cell re-selection) modes are supported. BSC SW release S11.5 is required for Network controlled cell reselection. In idle mode, thresholds for a mobile to select the best cell (MS cell re-selection) are based on field strength. The main principles in the idle mode cell re-selection are:
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MetroSite EDGE BTS Product Description
.
the operator is able to define the cell re-selection thresholds by Radio Network (RNW) parameters
.
those parameters are sent to the mobile in the System Information (Sys Info) or Packet System Information messages
For initial cell re-selection, the system information broadcast indicates that dual mode capable mobiles should select a certain BSS. In BSS10.5, coverage based handovers (from WCDMA to GSM) combined with load based handovers (from GSM to WCDMA) are supported.
Load and Coverage Reason Handover Circuit Switched traffic Load reason handover for speech and for HSCSD
GSM high loaded
GSM can be used to extend WCDMA coverage area
WCDMA low loaded
GSM
GSM
GSM
WCDMA
WCDMA
GSM
WCDMA
Load reason handover
Figure 50.
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WCDMA can be used to relieve GSM overload
Mobile moving
GSM
GSM
Coverage reason handover
Load and coverage reason handovers
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In handover preparation, the controller (RNC or BSC) commands the mobile to measure the neighbouring cells belonging to other systems. The mobile sends the inter-system measurement results to the RNC or BSC. Based on the measurement results, the BSC or RNC handover algorithm is able to decide whether to initiate an inter-system handover or not. A handover attempt from GSM to WCDMA is initiated: .
if the signal strength of the adjacent WCDMA cell is greater than the operator defined threshold
.
if the load of the serving GSM cell exceeds the load threshold for speech and transparent data calls
A handover from WCDMA to GSM is seen as an inter-BSC handover in the target system. Cell re-selection is performed by a Mobile Station (MS) autonomously. Parameters C32/C31, which are broadcast on PBCCH, are provided as a complement to the current GSM Packet Switched cell re-selection criteria.
8.3.9
BSS10091 Enhanced Data Rates for Global Evolution (EDGE) Enhanced Data Rates for Global Evolution (EDGE) enhances the data capabilities of GSM networks towards 3rd generation services. EDGE increases the air interface data throughput in average three-fold compared to today"s GSM and boosts both circuit and packet switched services. Additionally, EDGE is the 3rd Generation radio technology for the TDMA/EDGE operators. The Nokia BSS10.5 EDGE solution includes Enhanced General Packet Radio Service (EGPRS) for the packet switched data. The Nokia EDGE solution is implemented on top of the existing GSM network and requires only minimal hardware and software upgrades to support the new air interface modulation and increased data rates. EDGE transceivers are able to support today"s mobile terminals with GSM modulation as well as enhanced data services on timeslot basis.
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MetroSite EDGE BTS Product Description
OSS Nokia UltraSite EDGE BTS Nokia MetroSite EDGE BTS GSM compatible
EDGE functionality in network elements SGSN Gn GGSN
BTS
BSC Abis
MSC Gb
A
BTS
Edge capable terminal, GSM compatible
GSM/EDGE coverage
Figure 51.
More capacity in interfaces to support higher data usage and higher user rates
Impact of EDGE on the mobile network (ETSI release 99 implementation)
Due to the new air interface modulation and much higher data rates, transceiver (TRX) units must be changed to make a base station EDGE capable. The GSM/ EDGE capable TRXs for Nokia MetroSite EDGE BTS and Nokia UltraSite EDGE BTS are compatible with GSM TRXs and fit into the same slot in the BTS cabinets. In addition to providing EDGE services, the GSM/EDGE TRXs are fully GSM compatible and support GSM voice, data, HSCSD, and GPRS plus EGPRS. They are also backward compatible with all legacy GSM terminals. The EDGE capable base stations also simultaneously support the current GMSK modulation since the modulation choice can be done per timeslot basis.
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Benefits of EDGE
8.3.9.1
.
Migration to wireless multimedia services
.
Improved service quality through increased data capacity and higher data throughput that decrease response time for all data services
.
Flexibility in pricing due to lower cost of data capacity for high-speed data applications
.
Fast network implementation
.
EDGE does not require any new network elements and EDGE capability can be introduced incrementally to the network
.
Optimised network investment as GSM enhancement
.
Demand-based deployment of data capacity
Enhanced General Packet Radio Service (MCS 1-9)
Enhanced General Packet Radio Service (EGPRS) supports high rate packet data services across varying channel conditions. EGPRS is built on top of the packet switched data service, GPRS. As shown in the table below, EGPRS supports higher data rates compared to the basic GPRS, using several Modulation and Coding Schemes (MCSs), which vary from 8.8 kbps up to 59.2 kbps in the radio interface.
Table 59.
Peak data rates for single slot EGPRS
MCS
Modulation
Code Rate
Family
User Rate
1
GMSK
.53
C
8.8 kbps
2
GMSK
.66
B
11.2 kbps
3
GMSK
.80
A
14.8 kbps
4
GMSK
1
C
17.6 kbps
5
8PSK
.37
B
22.4 kbps
6
8PSK
.49
A
29.6 kbps
7
8PSK
.75
B
44.8 kbps
8
8PSK
.92
A
54.4 kbps
9
8PSK
1
A
59.2 kbps
Gaussian Minimum Shift Keying (GMSK) modulation provides the robust mode for wide-area coverage, while 8 Phase Shift Keying (8PSK) provides higher data rates.
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MetroSite EDGE BTS Product Description
The MCSs are organised into families to allow a re-segmentation of the data block for link adaptation. Since higher protection means lower throughput, the protection that best fits the channel condition is chosen for maximum throughput. 8.3.9.2
Incremental Redundancy (IR)
Incremental Redundancy (IR) is an efficient combination of two techniques: Automatic Repeat reQuest (ARQ) and Forward Error Correction (FEC). In the ARQ method, when the receiver detects the presence of errors in a received data block, it requests a re-transmission of the same data block from the transmitter. The process continues until an uncorrupted copy reaches the destination. The FEC method adds redundant information to the user information at the transmitter, and the receiver uses the information to correct errors caused by disturbances in the radio channel. In the IR scheme (also known as Type II Hybrid ARQ scheme), only a small amount of redundancy is sent first, which yields a high user throughput if the decoding is successful. However, if the decoding fails, a re-transmission takes place according to the ARQ method. Using IR, the re-transmission of the data block is different from the initial transmission. The transmitter sends additional redundancy that is decoded at the destination with the previously received information to allow for error correction. Since the combination includes more information than any individual transmission, the probability of correct reception is increased. The IR mechanism in EGPRS is designed around nine Modulation and Coding Schemes (MCSs). The basic characteristics of each MCS are its fixed data rate and fixed protection level. For each of the MCSs, it is possible to reach the same data rate with the same protection level, but with a different protection scheme.
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Data Block
One MCS P2
P1
P3
Transmitter
P1
P2
P3
1st transmission
1st re-transmission upon reception failure
2nd re-transmission upon reception failure
P1 No data recovered
Protection Level 1
P1
P2
Stored
Receiver No data recovered
Combination: Protection Level x 2
P1
P2
Stored
Stored
P3
Combination: Protection Level x 3
Figure 52.
Incremental Redundancy scheme
There are three protection schemes (P1, P2 and P3) for an MCS, as shown in the figure above. The data block is first protected with the P1 of a certain MCS, and sent over the air to the receiver, which tries to recover the data. If this phase fails, the received P1 is stored in the receiver[rsquo ]s memory for future use, and the transmitter sends the data block protected with the P2 of the same MCS. The receiver combines the received P2 with the stored P1 and tries to recover the data from the combination of P1 and P2 .This process continues until the data is recovered.
Note If after P3, the data still cannot be recovered, P1 is sent again and combined with the stored P1, P2 and P3 (which reaches a protection level of about four times P1), and so on until the data is recovered.
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MetroSite EDGE BTS Product Description
8.3.9.3
Link Adaptation (LA)
The Link Adaptation (LA) mechanism works to provide the highest throughput and lowest delay available by adapting the protection of the information to be sent according to the link quality. The upcoming channel quality is accurately predicted from various measurements of the past link. This prediction determines the relevant protection of the information to be sent. Therefore, enabling LA requires accurate link quality measurements and a set of Modulation and Coding Schemes (MCSs) with different degrees of protection. Accurate link quality measurements
The use of new efficient EGPRS measurements provides an accurate prediction of the upcoming link quality in several propagation channels with various speeds (such as typical urban and rural areas, and hilly terrain). Data rates and protection levels
Nine Modulation and Coding Schemes (MCSs) are designed for EGPRS. When a data block is sent, the information is encoded, using one of the MCSs, to resist channel degradation, and modulated before transmission over the air interface. Because the resources are limited, the higher the level of protection for information, the less information is sent. MCS-1 to MCS-9 range from a high protection/low bit rate, to no protection/high bit rate, as summarised in the figure below.
Scheme
Modulation
MCS-1
8.8 11.2 GMSK
14.8
MCS-4
17.6
MCS-5
22.4
MCS-6
29.6
MCS-7
8PSK
44.8
Protection decreases
MCS-2 MCS-3
Data Rate (kbps)
Code Rate
Family
.53
C
.66
B
.80
A
1
C
.37
B
.49
A
.76
B
MCS-8
54.4
.92
A
MCS-9
59.2
1
A
Figure 53.
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Data rates and protection levels for Modulation and Coding Schemes
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In EGPRS, it is possible to switch between any of the MCSs, from one data block to another, as it is in GPRS. However, in GPRS, once a data block is segmented to fit one particular coding scheme, it is not possible to switch the coding scheme on reception failure, and therefore the re-transmission takes place with exactly the same protection as for its initial transmission. In EGPRS, on the other hand, it is possible to change the MCS. This is useful, because the level of protection needed in a re-transmission may be different due to varying channel conditions and the existing protection from earlier incremental redundancy transmissions.
8.3.10
BSS10084 Priority Class based Quality of Service (QoS) At a system level, the concept of "Priority Class" is introduced. This is based on combinations of GPRS Delay class and GPRS Precedence class values. Packets are evenly scattered within an (E)GPRS territory between different timeslots. After that, packets of higher priority are sent before those of lower priority. Currently, all TBFs (GPRS calls) have the same priority. All users and applications receive the same service level. However, application needs differ and mechanisms for separate service levels are required. GSM specifications define a QoS functionality, which gives a possibility to differentiate TBFs by delay, throughput and priority. With Priority Based Scheduling the operator can give users different priorities. The scheduling algorithm gives each link a so-called latest service time, before which it should get a chance to use the radio resource. After using the resource the link receives a new latest service time, the current time plus a predefined step. The connection with the smallest latest service time may use the radio resource. The scheduling algorithm checks the queue periodically. The algorithm is priority-based. It selects the best possible timeslot within a territory and prioritises the TBFs residing in that timeslot, so that the TBF with the highest priority receives most of the air interface. Each timeslot has a queue, in which the TBFs wait for their turn to use the radio air interface. After that the TBF increases it"s latest service time to the current time plus the scheduling step size. Using the current time is explained by the new TBFs coming into the system. All TBFs must start from the same situation. The algorithm has a direct impact on the scheduling algorithm. The scheduling step sizes must be set to reflect the allocation of the radio resources, because the time a certain link has control of the resource is decided by the scheduling algorithm. Each service class is given fair amounts of radio time, except for the best effort customers, who receive a small share of the radio interface. Priorities are implemented by giving different operator adjustable scheduling step sizes for different QoS classes. There are 4 QoS classes for uplink, and 3 for downlink.
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MetroSite EDGE BTS Product Description
This algorithm provides priorities between the TBFs in the same timeslot, so that those with the same QoS receive an equal share of air time. However, the equal air time does not provide equal data rates, it only guarantees that the air time inside a QoS group is divided equally and that a higher QoS class receives more air time. Mobile specific flow control is part of the QoS solution in the Packet Control Unit (PCU). The feature works together with the Serving GPRS Support Node (SGSN) to provide a steady data flow to the mobile station from the network. It is also an effective countermeasure against buffer overflows in the PCU. Priority Based Scheduling is a standard feature in BSC and the subscriber priority needs to be defined in the Home Location Register (HLR) once this feature is taken into use.
8.3.11
BSS10074 Support of PBCCH/PCCCH This feature allows dedicated CCCH (Common Control Channel) capacity for (E) GPRS services. PCCCH (Packet Common Control Channel) comprises logical channels for packet common control signalling. The following common control channels are available: .
PRACH (Packet Random Access Channel) is used by a Mobile Station (MS) to initiate an uplink transfer for sending data or signalling information. A Packet Access burst and Extended Packet Access burst are used on the PRACH.
.
PPCH (Packet Paging Channel) is used to page a MS prior to a downlink packet transfer. The PPCH uses paging groups in order to allow the usage of DRX (discontinuous reception) mode. The PPCH can be used for paging of both Circuit Switched (CS) and packet data services. The paging for CS services on the PPCH requires a Gs interface between an MSC (Mobile Services Switching Centre) and SGSN (Serving GPRS Support Node). Nokia BSS10.5 implementation is based on the Network Mode of Operation I (NOM I). The network sends a CS paging message for a GPRS-attached MS, either on the same channel as the GPRS paging channel, or on a GPRS traffic channel. This means that the MS only needs to monitor one paging channel, and that it receives CS paging messages on the packet data channel when it has been assigned a packet data channel.
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PAGCH (Packet Access Grant Channel) is used in the packet transfer establishment phase to send a resource assignment to a MS prior to a packet transfer.
.
PBCCH (Packet Broadcast Control Channel) broadcasts packet data specific System Information (for example C31 and C32 cell selection criteria). C31/C32 are used to direct GPRS traffic on the cells, which can serve EGPRS most efficiently and interference free to CS traffic. C31/C32 apply in cells using PBCCH/PCCCH, otherwise the existing C1/C2 are used. If the PBCCH is not allocated, the packet data specific system information is broadcast on the BCCH.
Note PCCCH/PBCCH is mapped to its own timeslot. This should be configured on the same TRX as BCCH. With BSS10.5 implementation, PBCCH/PCCCH cannot carry user data.
8.3.12
BSS10045 Dynamic Abis allocation Dynamic Abis allocation is a solution for higher data rates of Enhanced General Packet Radio Service (EGPRS) to ensure cost efficiency and flexible Abis transmission capacity addition. The Dynamic Abis functionality allocates Abis transmission capacity to cells when needed, instead of reserving full fixed transmission link per transceiver (TRX). With enhanced data rates per radio timeslot varying between 8.8 and 59.2 kbit/s, the traditional static Abis allocation does not use transmission resources efficiently. The Dynamic Abis feature uses the existing Abis more efficiently by splitting Pulse Code Modulations (PCMs) into permanent timeslots for signalling and voice, and by providing a dynamic pool for data. The pool can be shared by a number of TRXs. The Dynamic Abis transmission solution saves up to 70 % of the Abis transmission expansion cost, because it allows the Abis dimensioning to be performed closer to the average data rates, instead of at peak rates. This also applies to the reduced number of 2M BSC interfaces needed.
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MetroSite EDGE BTS Product Description
Example: Data call from TRX 2 (MCS>=2) Example: Data call from TRX 6 (MCS>=2) A
Abis B
BTS BSC
BTS
Figure 54.
Abis PCM with 6 EDGE TRXs 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31
BCCH TCH 4 TRX 1 TCH 0 TCH 4 BCCH TCH 4 TRX 3 TCH 0 TCH 4 TRX 4 BCCH TCH 4 TCH 0 TCH 4 TRX 6
TCH 1 TCH 2 TCH 3 TCH 5 TCH 6 TCH 7 OMU 1 TXR 2 OMU 2 TCH 2 TCH 3 TCH 5 TCH 6 TCH 7 TCH 1 TCH 2 TCH 3 TCH 5 TCH 6 TCH 7 OMU 3 TCH 1 TCH 2 TCH 3 TCH 5 TCH 6 TCH 7 OMU 4 TXR 5 OMU 5 TCH 1 TCH 2 TCH 3 TCH 5 TCH 6 TCH 7 TCH 1 TCH 3 TCH 5 TCH 6 TCH 7 OMU 6
EDGE TRX 1 EDGE TRX 2 EDGE TRX 3
EDGE TRX 4 EDGE TRX 5 EDGE TRX 6
EGPRS Dynamic Abis pool
Dynamic Abis pooling
Abis channel mapping is implemented so that the standard GSM TRXs are connected to the Base Station Controller (BSC) normally with a 16 kbps point-topoint link from the TCH to the BSC. Because the basic capacity is reserved for signalling (TRXSIG, BCFSIG), EDGE TRXs are configured slightly differently. When required, the BSC allocates Abis capacity for data calls from the dynamic
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pool. The capacity for calls can be reserved in 16 kbps blocks. For every EDGE TRX, there is a fixed 16 kbps allocation for TRXSIG and, in addition, capacity needed for calls is reserved from the Dynamic Abis pool. The Dynamic Abis pool can be shared between several EDGE TRXs located at various sites. The maximum number of TRXs per Dynamic Abis pool is 32, due to signalling requirements of the Base Station Controller Signalling Unit (BCSU).
8.3.13
EDGE HW support This feature provides SW support for the GSM/EDGE capable MetroSite HW, that is WTxA and CTxA units. Both GSM and GSM/EDGE capable units may co-exist in the same BTS cabinet.
8.3.14
BSS10004 Adaptive Multi Rate Codec (AMR) This feature introduces a new set of codecs and an adaptive algorithm for codec changes, which can provide a significantly better speech quality. With AMR, very good speech quality can be achieved with full rate calls even where the C/I ratio is low, or the speech capacity can be increased by using the half rate mode and still maintain the quality of current FR calls. Generic AMR description
AMR consists of 8 different speech codec modes with a total of 14 channel codec modes, which are listed in the following table:
Table 60.
Channel and speech codec modes for AMR
Channel mode
Channel codec mode
Source coding bit-rate, speech
Net bit-rate, in-band channel
Channel coding bitrate, speech
Channel coding bitrate, in-band
TCH/FR
CH0-FS
12.20 kbit/s (GSMEFR)
0.10 kbit/s
10.20 kbit/s
0.30 kbit/s
CH1-FS
10.20 kbit/s
0.10 kbit/s
12.20 kbit/s
0.30 kbit/s
CH2-FS
7.95 kbit/s
0.10 kbit/s
14.45 kbit/s
0.30 kbit/s
CH3-FS
7.40 kbit/s (IS-641)
0.10 kbit/s
15.00 kbit/s
0.30 kbit/s
CH4-FS
6.70 kbit/s
0.10 kbit/s
15.70 kbit/s
0.30 kbit/s
CH5-FS
5.90 kbit/s
0.10 kbit/s
16.50 kbit/s
0.30 kbit/s
CH6-FS
5.15 kbit/s
0.10 kbit/s
17.25 kbit/s
0.30 kbit/s
CH7-FS
4.75 kbit/s
0.10 kbit/s
17.65 kbit/s
0.30 kbit/s
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Table 60.
Channel and speech codec modes for AMR (cont.)
Channel mode
Channel codec mode
Source coding bit-rate, speech
Net bit-rate, in-band channel
Channel coding bitrate, speech
Channel coding bitrate, in-band
TCH/HR
CH8-HS
7.95 kbit/s (*)
0.10 kbit/s
3.25 kbit/s
0.10 kbit/s
CH9-HS
7.40 kbit/s (IS-641)
0.10 kbit/s
3.80 kbit/s
0.10 kbit/s
CH10-HS
6.70 kbit/s
0.10 kbit/s
4.50 kbit/s
0.10 kbit/s
CH11-HS
5.90 kbit/s
0.10 kbit/s
5.30 kbit/s
0.10 kbit/s
CH12-HS
5.15 kbit/s
0.10 kbit/s
6.05 kbit/s
0.10 kbit/s
CH13-HS
4.75 kbit/s
0.10 kbit/s
6.45 kbit/s
0.10 kbit/s
(*) Requires 16 kbit/s TRAU. Therefore it is not seen as a feasible codec mode and will not be supported by Nokia BSS10.
Codec mode adaptation for AMR is based on received channel quality estimation in both Mobile Station (MS) and BTS, followed by a decision on the most appropriate speech and channel codec mode to apply at a given time. In higherror conditions, more bits are used for error correction to obtain error robust coding, while in good transmission conditions, only a small number of bits is needed for sufficient error protection and more bits can be allocated for source coding. An in-band signalling channel is defined for AMR that enables the MS and the BTS to exchange messages on applied or requested speech and channel codec modes. The above mentioned selected speech codec mode is then sent, by using the in-band signalling channel, to the transmitting side, where it is applied for the other link. The BTS commands the MS to apply a particular speech codec mode in the uplink, but MS can only request BTS to apply a particular speech codec mode in the downlink because BTS has an option to override the MS's request. For each codec mode set there is an associated set of decision thresholds for mapping the channel quality measurements to the Mode Commands/Requests. Link Adaptation (LA)
There are two link adaptation modes: the ETSI specified fast LA and the Nokia proprietary slow LA.The fast LA allows in-band codec mode changes on every other TCH frame, but in the Nokia proprietary slow LA, the BTS allows in-band codec mode changes only on SACCH frame intervals. During both LA modes, the BTS indicates the first and the last used codec during the last measurement interval and the average quality.
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Packing of Full Rate (FR) AMR calls to Half Rate (HR) AMR calls due to cell load
Spontaneous packing of FR AMR calls to HR AMR calls is triggered when the cell load is high enough, that is the number of free full rate resources reduces below the value of the parameter Lower limit for FR TCH resources (according to the BTS level parameter, if it contradicts the BSC level parameter). Packing continues until the cell load is low enough, that is the number of free full rate resources increases above the value of the parameter Upper limit for FR TCH resources (according to the BTS level parameter, if it contradicts with the BSC level parameter). A packing request is valid until it is overwritten by a new one. A packing request, which indicates the amount N as 0, is used to remove any pending packing requests. Unpacking of HR AMR calls to FR AMR calls due to call quality
Spontaneous unpacking of HR AMR calls to FR AMR calls is triggered when the quality of a HR AMR call degrades below the intra HO threshold Rx qual for AMR HR. Cell load does not have an effect.
8.3.15
BSS10012 Location Services for Enhanced Observed Time Difference (E-OTD) phones MS Location Services (LCS) allows a GSM subscriber and/or valid mobile equipment to be positioned with a certain Quality of Service. The positioning may be initiated by the subscriber, the network, or an external party utilising the Mobile Positioning Function. The positioning is subject to various restrictions based on for example capability, security and service profiles. The LCS allows the location of a GSM Mobile Station (MS) to be determined at any time while the MS is within the radio coverage area of the GSM HPLMN (Home Public Land Mobile Network) or VPLMN (Visitor Public Land Mobile Network). Important applications of Location Services are for example:
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Government applications
.
Emergency calls (E911 requirement by FCC in US)
.
Location of emergency calls with the RMS accuracy 125m by October 2001
.
Electronic surveillance
.
Operator applications
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MetroSite EDGE BTS Product Description
.
Home zone calls
.
Commercial services
.
Fleet management, tracking packages
.
Information, for example, of the nearest hotel or gas station
.
Car navigation
.
Emergency roadside service
.
Search of stolen property
Nokia Location Measurement Unit (Nokia LMU) is a novel network element and one of the basic components of Nokia mPosition™ for E-OTD, a hybrid solution for implementing location based services in GSM 800, GSM 900, GSM 1800 and GSM 1900 mobile networks. Nokia mPosition™ for E-OTD Solution allows a series of Nokia LMU roll-out levels to support various positioning services in a variety of environments. Nokia LMU is compatible with all Nokia GSM and EDGE base stations (excluding Nokia InSite BTS).
8.3.16
BSS10016 Tri Band - Common BCCH Common BCCH functionality is introduced in the ETSI GSM specification 03.26. The option is to allow GSM 900 (PGSM and EGSM) and GSM 1800 TRXs to share the same BCCH, that is to effectively be in the same cell. This can be seen as a progression from the integrated dual band BTS and EGSM 900 frequency support. The main advantages of the common BCCH functionality are: .
Improved trunking gain
.
Use of signalling channels is optimised by sharing them between bands
.
Tighter reuse of all carriers in the non-BCCH bands
.
Better call quality due to decreased handovers
In order to ensure proper operation of the network, the operator should take into account issues related to the difference of propagation between the different bands when performing cell planning.
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Common BCCH cell f1
f2 f4
f6
Figure 55.
f3
EGSM 900 TRX group
f5
f7
PGSM 900 TRX group
f8
GSM 1800 TRX group
Common BCCH configuration
Note Frequency hopping between bands in the same sector is not supported.
8.3.17
BSS10022 Frame Erasure Rate (FER) Measurement for FH Features such as frequency hopping, AMR and GPRS are changing the efficiency of the error correction mechanism and, as a result, the BER measurement is no longer a good indication of the quality experienced in the network. This feature offers the ability to report the uplink FER from the BTS to the BSC, which provides more realistic measures of voice quality and allows handovers and power control based on FER rather than BER-based Rx-quality. FER represents the percentage of frames being dropped due to a high number of noncorrected bit errors in the frame.
8.3.18
BSS10102 Chaining of Nokia MetroSite BTS Nokia MetroSite GSM and EDGE base stations can be chained in order to build larger configurations for micro cellular environments and still have easy installation and Operation and Maintenance (O&M) functions. The chaining is done by synchronising a frame clock betweeen the base stations and extending the internal D-bus. One transmission unit is saved for each extension cabinet. The O&M functionality is centralised to the master cabinet. Only one extension cable between the cabinets is needed. The maximum number of combined MetroSite base stations is three and the total length of the bus cable is limited to five meters.
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MetroSite EDGE BTS Product Description
If a slave base station looses the chaining interface, the TRX Faulty alarm is activated for each TRX in it. The chaining is arranged so that the centremost cabinet can be depowered without any problem in case of three cabinet configurations.
8.3.19
BSS9006 General Packet Radio Service (GPRS) GPRS provides packet radio access for GSM mobiles. The advantage of GPRS over traditional switched data transfer is the more efficient use of the air interface. All mobiles share the radio resources in a cell and spare capacity is allocated when a mobile needs to send or receive. The Channel Coding Unit (CCU) in the BTS performs the channel coding for the following ETSI defined coding schemes: .
CS-1 (Channel Coding Scheme 1) 9.05 kbit/s
.
CS-2 (Channel Coding Scheme 2) 13.4 kbit/s
In a packet transfer mode, the mobile must use the continuous timing advance procedure. This procedure is carried out on all Packet Data Channels (PDCHs).
8.3.20
BSS9051 Pseudo baseband frequency hopping for Nokia MetroSite BTS In Nokia MetroSite BTS the baseband hopping implementation differs slightly from the earlier Nokia BTS products. The baseband hopping in Nokia MetroSite BTS is not implemented by switching the baseband data between TRXs. Instead, the RF synthesisers are used to provide frequency hopping that behaves and looks in BTS"s external interfaces like traditional baseband frequency hopping. When the user selects "baseband hopping" mode at the BSC, Nokia MetroSite BTS uses pseudo baseband frequency hopping. With pseudo baseband hopping the number of frequencies in hopping group equals to the number of TRXs in the sector. Each TRX receives the information on the BCCH power level used and uses it when tuned to the BCCH frequency. This ensures the continuous BCCH transmission. In TRX locking and TRX failure situations Nokia MetroSite BTS with pseudo baseband hopping behaves like other Nokia BTSs with traditional BB hopping, that is:
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.
Locking of an individual TRX is not possible.
.
If a TRX is blocked by the system, the whole sector needs to be reconfigured.
TRX test can be used normally with pseudo baseband frequency hopping.
8.3.21
BSS8086 Abis loop test Abis Loop Test verifies the Abis transmission setup and quality. Abis Loop Test is carried out automatically during commissioning. The test can also be carried out manually from the BSC.
8.3.22
BSS8120 Transmission operability This feature contains the following two sub-features: .
Nokia MetroSite Transmission Equipment Support
.
Nokia MetroSite Transmission Equipment Statistics with new measurement types specific to Nokia MetroSite. This sub-feature acts as an enlargement to the existing features and offers information on the signal quality of the Nokia MetroSite Transmission system.
Several counters are available, which makes it possible to measure Nokia MetroSite transmission equipment in two ways: 1.
All equipment can be measured within a 24-hour period. This measurement gives fixed set of counters, which are near-end G.826 signal quality counters. These counters are: . . . . . .
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Total time Available time Errored seconds Severely errored seconds Background block errors Errored block.
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MetroSite EDGE BTS Product Description
2.
8.3.23
A certain set of Nokia MetroSite transmission equipment can be defined. Nokia MetroSite transmission equipment refers either to the whole equipment or part of it (functional entity and supervision block). It is also possible to define the counters that will be collected from the equipment (this support is part of the 'Flexible counter collection set' feature). To do this the operator has to know the topology of the transmission network so that the measurement subject can be chosen.
BSS8132 Autodetection of site configuration Nokia MetroSite BTS detects the site configuration automatically, including all unit types and versions, as well as the serial numbers and the GSM band used. This information is stored in the non-volatile memory of the master TRX, and it can be displayed in Nokia BTS Manager (see Supervision - Equipment view in the figure below). Nokia MetroSite BTS has no HW database file.
Figure 56.
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Autodetected site configuration in the Equipment view in Nokia BTS Manager
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A possible change in any of the units or in the configuration causes an automatic system data update in the TRX non-volatile memory. The configuration is detected both in normal start-up situations and when extra capacity (that is more TRXs) is added or a faulty unit is replaced with a new unit. Nokia MetroSite BTS system data is backup copied to each slave TRX. This makes it possible to replace the master TRX with a slave TRX without recommissioning.
8.3.24
BSS8135 BTS fault recovery BTS fault recovery minimises the effect of service level faults in the BTS. Fault diagnostics ensures that an appropriate recovery action is carried out. The faulty object is blocked before any recovery actions. After the recovery, the object is released. If the recovery does not succeed, a BTS alarm is issued. For more information on fault recovery and BTS alarms, refer to Nokia MetroSite EDGE BTS, Alarm Descriptions.
8.3.25
BSS8136 BTS resets The BTS and its units can be reset locally with Nokia BTS Manager or remotely from the BSC or NMS/2000 via Abis. The reset types are as follows: .
BCF site reset by resetting the master TRX and slave TRXs
.
Master TRX can be restarted also logically without a site reset (calls via other TRXs are not disturbed)
.
Slave TRX can be restarted without disturbing the master TRX.
.
Sector reset
Note Transmission units cannot be reset with BTS SW.
8.3.26
BSS8137 BTS SW management The non-volatile memory of the master TRX can contain two BTS SW versions.
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MetroSite EDGE BTS Product Description
BTS SW downloading is executed after BCF reset if the BCF does not have correct BTS SW. Downloading the BTS SW can also be performed as a background operation when a BTS SW is being attached to the BCF. Downloaded BTS SW application files are stored in the non-volatile memory of the master TRX. The files are also copied to slave TRXs. Local BTS SW backup minimises BTS boot-up time because there is no need to download BTS SW application from the BSC after each reset.
Note Transmission SW can be downloaded to the transmission units transparently via Q1.
8.3.27
BSS9066 Supervision of transmission units Nokia MetroSite BTS supervises the transmission equipment that can be either internal or external. External transmission equipment is Q1 compatible, has its own power supply and is controlled from the interface unit via Q1 connection. The alarms generated by the transmission units are transmitted to the BSC which further transfers them to the NMS. Supervision of transmission units supplied by other manufacturers
When transmission units supplied by other manufacturers are supervised via External Alarm and Control (EAC) lines, alarms can be sent to two possible destinations, either to the BSC and NMS/2000 or to the NMS/100. When the alarms are sent to the BSC and NMS/2000, the master TRX supervises the alarm handling and alarms are reported as normal external alarms. When alarms are sent to the NMS/100, it supervises the alarms and the master TRX directs the alarm to the transmission unit, as the EAC lines become active. During the next poll request from the NMS/100, the alarm will be reported as a transmission unit alarm. The functionality described above is implemented by defining a new parameter for each external alarm. The parameter defines whether the alarm is reported as a normal external alarm or whether it is treated as an external transmission alarm that has been passed through to transmission units (and further to NMS/100).
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8.3.28
BSS8139 Combined O&M and telecom signalling This feature makes it possible for both O&M (OMUSIG) and telecom signalling (TRXSIG) links to share the same physical timeslot on the Abis PCM. The combining of the O&M and telecom signalling enables more efficient use of the transmission capacity. Nokia MetroSite BTS TRXs can be configured either as a master TRX or a slave TRX. The master TRX carries out the O&M and telecom functions. This makes it easier to combine the O&M and telecom signalling.
Note In BTS SW release C1.0, TRX 1 is the master TRX.
O&M (OMUSIG) and telecom signalling (TRXSIG) links share the same physical timeslot on Abis PCM, but they have their own SAPI values (0 for TRXSIG, 62 for OMUSIG) and polling. Supported bit rates are 16 kbit/s, 32 kbit/ s and 64 kbit/s.
8.3.29
BSS8140 Real time update to BTS The BSC sends the current time (date and time) to Nokia MetroSite EDGE Base Station (BTS) during the initialisation procedure. The BTS initialises its real time clock accordingly. The real time can be used in various purposes, such as in commissioning reports.
8.3.30
BSS8141 BTS supervision Nokia MetroSite BTS is capable of monitoring and testing itself during operation without a separate command as described below. Continuous monitoring
Both SW and HW carry out monitoring. The following items are monitored continuously:
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.
Internal buses of the BTS: Q1-Int, D-bus, F-bus, I2C-bus
.
Transmission units and interfaces
.
RF parts: synthesisers, output power, power control, reflected power
.
Digital parts: processors, ASICs, interfaces
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.
Temperature and heating or cooling system of the BTS
.
Power supply voltages
.
Reference Oven Oscillator.
Mains breakdown
Mains breakdown alarm can be sent via Abis with the help of capacitors in the AC power supply. In case of a short breakdown, which does not affect the BTS operation, the BTS cancels the alarm. A typical voltage drop that lasts less than 20 ms does not cause an alarm.
8.3.31
BSS8142 TRX test In TRX Test, the total performance of the TRX is tested. The test covers: .
Digital and RF parts
.
Antenna connection detection
.
RX sensitivity and TX level.
.
Both RX branches
TRX test time is about 15 seconds. The figure below shows the TRX Test window.
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Figure 57.
TRX Test window
The TRX test can be carried out for all TRXs in the base station either remotely from the BSC or NMS/2000, or locally with Nokia BTS Manager.
Note The TRX test can be performed only in TCH timeslots. Two free timeslots are needed for the test.
8.3.32
BSS8143 Runtime diagnostics and BTS alarms Alarm diagnostics filters alarms, reporting only those alarms that directly affect the BTS service level, that is object level BTS alarms. Only one critical alarm per object can be active at a time. When the fault causing the alarm has been corrected, or a faulty unit has been replaced, the alarm is cancelled either manually or automatically.
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MetroSite EDGE BTS Product Description
When an object level BTS alarm is displayed at the BSC, the alarm text includes also a fault reason, that is a description of what has caused the alarm. This information can be used in troubleshooting. For more information, refer to Nokia MetroSite BTS, Alarm Descriptions.
8.3.33
BSS8144 BTS temperature control Nokia MetroSite BTS monitors its temperature continuously with several sensors located in the base station units (all TRXs, power supply unit and fan unit). The base station controls its temperature with a cooling fan and heaters to provide as stable operation conditions as possible. Heating and cooling is controlled gradually (the fan speed has 16 steps) depending on the ambient temperature to ensure low temperature gradients and low noise level. If the temperature of a slave TRX rises too high, a temperature alarm is issued, and the master TRX shuts down the overheated slave TRX. If the base station starts up in an extremely cold environment, power supply to units is prevented and the units are heated to the minimum operating temperature.
8.3.34
BSS7048 CCCH improvements The Common Control Channel (CCCH) scheduling algorithm has been improved to allow priority for access grant messages over paging messages when there are no BTS access grant resources available. The paging channel (PCH) throughput is improved, especially for combined BCCH/CCCH channels. This is achieved by allowing a block reserved for access grant messages to be used for paging messages when there are no current access grant messages. The feature has altered the paging buffer so that pages are deleted because they cannot be transmitted to air within the defined maximum paging delay. Even though the pages are deleted, there may be sufficient buffer space. The performance of the CCCH can be monitored with several new counters provided by the BTS. These counters are sent to the BSC in the message 'CCCH_LOAD_IND'. The number of paging messages that had to be deleted because of excessive paging load is calculated and reported. The average and maximum occupation of paging buffers is then reported as percentages.
8.3.35
BSS7037 14.4 kbit/s GSM data services This feature is a new channel-coding scheme which enhances the speed of one timeslot from 9.6 kbit/s to 14.4kbit/s. This enhancement is reached by reducing the number of error correction bits of the existing 9.6 kbit/s channel coding.
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The 14.4 kbit/s channel coding has less error correction than 9.6 kbit/s coding so there will be some areas on the cell edges where using 9.6 kbit/s coding will give a higher data throughput. The figure below shows the results of Nokia simulations. Note that for transparent mode the maximum user throughput is 14.4 kbit/s, but in non-transparent mode the maximum user throughput is 13.2 kbit/s. The maximum throughput is based on the amount of available space in the coding block. Non-transparent data requires space for error checking, but transparent data does not.
Data Throughput Rate (kbit/s)
14
14.4
12 10
9.6
8 6 4 2 0 60
65
70
75
80
85
90
95
100
Percentage of Cell Area (%)
Figure 58.
Typical data throughputs for 14.4 kbit/s (non-transparent) and 9.6 kbit/s coding (Note: this will depend on the NW radio conditions)
Nokia has developed a proprietary feature, Automatic Link Adaptation (ALA), that optimises the data throughput by automatically choosing the channel coding most suitable to the radio conditions and by control of the power levels. This is shown in the figure below.
RX Quality
PcUpperThresholdQualDL/UL
PcLowerThresholdQualDL/UL Time 14.4kbit/s
Figure 59.
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9.6kbit/s
14.4kbit/s
Nokia Automatic Link Adaptation
# Nokia Corporation
169 (194)
MetroSite EDGE BTS Product Description
Note 14.4 kbit/s data service can be combined with High Speed Circuit Switched Data (BSS7003).
8.3.36
BSS7036 Dynamic SDCCH allocation Dynamic Stand-alone Dedicated Control Channel (SDCCH) allocation allows the SDCCH resources to be configured according to the actual SDCCH traffic situation of a cell. When the BTS temporarily needs greater SDCCH capacity than normal, the idle Traffic Channel (TCH) resources are configured for SDCCH use by the BSC. An example of this is shown in the figure below. A maximum of two additional SDCCH/8 can be configured. When the SDCCH congestion situation is over, the extra SDCCH resources are configured back to TCH resources. This feature can be used with both combined and non-combined Broadcast Control Channel (BCCH). The operator is only required to configure the BTS to the minimum static SDCCH capacity sufficient to handle the normal SDCCH traffic.
TRX with static SDCCH/8
BCCH
SDCCH/8
TCH
TCH (busy)
TCH (busy)
TCH (busy)
TCH (busy)
TCH (IDLE)
SDCCH congestion triggers dynamic allocation of SDCCH for free FR RTSL
New TRX configuration with additional SDCCH/8
BCCH
SDCCH/8
Figure 60.
SDCCH/8
TCH (busy)
TCH (busy)
TCH (busy)
TCH (busy)
TCH (busy)
Dynamic SDCCH allocation
Extra SDCCH resource is allocated only when the existing SDCCH is fully loaded. When the dynamic SDCCH radio resource is totally free again, it is immediately reconfigured for TCH use. Thus, the maximum number of TCHs is always in use depending on the actual need of the SDCCH resources at each moment.
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The feature benefits traffic cases in which signalling is the only transmission to the network, for example Short Message Service (SMS) traffic and location updates. In some special places, such as airports and stations, the location updates can produce sudden short-term SDCCH congestion. This can now be handled without any need to configure extra permanent SDCCH capacity.
8.3.37
BSS7003 High Speed Circuit Switched Data (HSCSD) The High Speed Circuit Switched Data feature provides accelerated data rates for end-user applications. The current trend is for increased demand for high data rate applications like the World Wide Web (www), file transfer and facsimile. The BSS implementation is to reserve a multiple set of basic resources for one high-speed data call. The data rate and the number of reserved timeslots vary between one and the defined maximum of the user application. The variable rate is needed for various common procedures, for example for handovers to a new cell if the requested data rate cannot be given immediately. The BSS implementation of HSCSD supports the simultaneous usage of a maximum of 4 radio timeslots (RTSLs) per HSCSD call. The table below presents the corresponding maximum data rates with different channel coding. For details of 14.4 kbit/s data rates see BSS7037.
Table 61.
Corresponding maximum data rates with different channel coding
Number of RTSLs
9.6 kbit/s
14.4 kbit/s
1
9.6 kbit/s
14.4 kbit/s
2
19.2 kbit/s
28.8 kbit/s
3
28.8 kbit/s
43.2 kbit/s
4
38.4 kbit/s
57.6 kbit/s
Both asynchronous and synchronous bearer services and transparent and nontransparent data services are supported. Transparent HSCSD uses fixed data rate throughout the duration of the call, but with non-transparent HSCSD, the data rate can be changed automatically during the call, for example due to increased traffic. The radio interface is either symmetric or asymmetric according to the Mobile Station (MS) capability.
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MetroSite EDGE BTS Product Description
During basic channel allocation, the system tries to keep consecutive timeslots free for multichannel HSCSD connection. If there are not enough appropriate free channels to fulfil the requested data rate, a non-transparent HSCSD connection is started with fewer channels than requested. At least one channel is allocated for a non-transparent HSCSD call request if there are available resources in the cell. By use of the resource upgrade procedure, the data rate of the HSCSD connection can be increased when an appropriate channel is available. In a congested cell, the HSCSD load can be adjusted by BSC parameterisation. The resource downgrade procedure is used to lower the HSCSD connection data rate to release radio channels for other connections. If a transparent connection cannot be established in a cell, a directed retry can be attempted.
8.3.38
BSS6083 Mobile Station (MS) speed detection The purpose of this feature is to determine the speed of the Mobile Stations (MSs) in GSM networks so that the fast moving MSs can be directed to macro cells and the slower moving MSs respectively to micro cells. The benefit of this feature is that it decreases the number of handovers in a micro-cell network and thus increases the network capacity. The BTS estimates the MS's speed by using the Crossing-rate algorithm. The algorithm is based on a comparison between the signal levels obtained from each burst and their averaged value over one SACCH multiframe. The algorithm counts the rate at which the signal level crosses the averaged signal level. The crossing rate is relative to the MS's speed. The BTS sends the measured MSspeed information to the BSC by including it in the 'Meas_res' message. The MSspeed indication can vary between 0 and 254 km/h (0 – 159 mph) in 2-km (1.25mile) steps. If measurement averaging is used, MS-speed measurement results are also averaged (see the figure below).
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Feature descriptions of CXM software
Macro cell Fast MSs
BSC
BTS
Meas_res
HOs
BTS
Slow MSs
Crossing-rate algorithm Micro cell(s)
Figure 61.
MS speed detection used for handover decision
The handover-decision algorithm in the BSC takes into account the MS-speed results sent by the BTS. Furthermore, the MS-speed based handover parameters (nx, px, upper speed limit (USL) together with lower speed limit (LSL)) and the adjacent cell layer definitions are also used with this feature. The handover (HO) and power control (PC) algorithm determines the need for the handover as follows: .
If px averaged MS-speed indications out of last nx averaged MS-speed indications exceed the USL, the MS is considered as a fast moving MS and the call will be handed over to a suitable upper-layer cell (macro cell) if any.
.
If px averaged MS-speed indications out of last nx averaged MS-speed indications are lower than the LSL, the MS is considered as a slow moving MS and the call will be handed over to a suitable lower-layer cell (micro cell) if any.
Layer information and the umbrella handover criteria are used as the target cell selection criteria. This means that the RX level in the target cell has to exceed the umbrella handover requirement HO_UMBRELLA_LEVEL defined for every adjacent cell.
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MetroSite EDGE BTS Product Description
Note The algorithm does not work with frequency hopping.
8.3.39
BSS6074 Active channel interference estimation This feature enables the BSC to get information on the interference levels of an active TCH channel. This makes it possible for the BSC to activate the next call in the best TCH channel immediately after the channel has been released. The active-channel interference estimation feature utilises idle TDMA frames on TCH channels and also the silent periods when the MS is using DTX. The BTS calculates the interference levels and reports them to the BSC in the 'RF_resource_indication' message. Previously, this message contained interference-band information on idle channels only. Now the results of the active-channel interference level measurement are always included in this message when there are measurement results available.
Note If uplink DTX is not activated, the active-channel interference cannot be measured for half rate calls.
8.3.40
BSS6071 Enhanced Full Rate codec This feature introduces a new full-rate speech codec to the BSS, called Enhanced Full Rate (EFR) speech codec. The codec uses the existing GSM 900/1800 full rate channel coding but provides a considerably better performance in all channel conditions. Moreover, in good channel conditions, the codec ensures equal or even better quality than Adaptive Differential Pulse Code Modulation (ADPCM). TCSM2 (Transcoder Sub-Multiplexer 2) SW can be upgraded for the EFR. As for the Air-interface dimensioning, no special attention to the EFR channels need to be paid. The A-interface and transcoders have to be dimensioned according to each pool type. The EFR can coexist with the previous Half Rate (HR)/Full Rate (FR) 'dual codec'.
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The Mobile Switching Centre (MSC) provides basic information on the codec type. If no information about the codec types supported on circuit group basis over the A-interface is available at the MSC, then all A-interface channels must be equipped with the TCMS2. The Base Station Controller (BSC) decides the codec type based on: .
The input from the MSC
.
The BSS speech codec capabilities
.
Radio channel configurations and their availability (FR/HR)
During handovers, the BSC may change the speech codec. For intra-BSC handovers, the BSC uses the previously stored information from the MSC/VLR (Visitor Location Register) on the speech codec preferences. The BSC forwards the information on the codec type to the Base Transceiver Station (BTS) in the channel activation message. The BTS configures the active timeslot according to this information to support either the conventional full rate codec or the EFR. In-band signalling between the transcoder and the BTS is used to control the transcoder codec selection on a call basis.
8.3.41
BSS6025 Short Message Service Cell Broadcast with Discontinuous Receiving (SMS-CB DRX) SMS-CB DRX enables phase-2 Mobile Stations (MSs) to receive only the needed blocks of the CBCH (Cell Broadcast Channel). This decreases battery consumption. The BSC has a user interface for SMS-CB (Short Message Services Cell Broadcast) and it stores CB messages in the BSS. After the BTS initialisation, the BTS operates in non-DRX (Discontinuous Receiving) mode until SMS-CB DRX is activated in the BSC. When SMS-CB DRX is employed, the BTS starts transmitting Schedule Messages to the cell area. A Schedule Message includes information about a number of immediately following consecutive CB messages, planned for that cell. The time between two Schedule Messages is called the Schedule Period. The Schedule Period is one minute (see the figure below). The MS starts operating in DRX mode after the power up when it has received the first Schedule Message. If the MS does not receive a Schedule Message, it has to read at least the first block of each CB message.
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175 (194)
MetroSite EDGE BTS Product Description
60 s
Sch
Figure 62.
CB CB 1 2
....
CB 31
Sch
CB 1 ....
Sch
SMS-CB DRX Schedule Period
In DRX mode, in the first block of the Schedule Message, the MS receives information about .
How many CB messages there are
.
In which slot they will be transmitted
.
Message identifiers (if there are fewer than 6 new messages)
If there are:
8.3.42
.
No new CB messages in successive schedule periods, the MS ends up reading only the first block in each Schedule Message.
.
1 to 5 new CB messages, the MS does not need to read other blocks in the Schedule Message, but it still needs to read the new CB messages.
.
More than 5 new CB messages, the MS has to read more than one block in the Schedule Message plus all the new CB messages.
BSS5850 Satellite Abis This feature allows the use of satellite connections on the Abis. The BTS SW has been modified in such a way that it allows greater delays in transmission between the base station and the rest of the network elements. The maximum allowed oneway transmission delay is 300 ms. The feature is activated for each BSS individually; that is, all the base stations under a BSC comply with it.
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8.3.43
BSS5730 Remote interrogation of serial and version numbers The serial numbers and version numbers of BTS units, and their associated software, are stored into each unit by the manufacturer and detected automatically by the BOI/master TRX at start-up and/or adding or replacing units. The serial numbers and version numbers can be read from the NMS/2000 via the BSC so that the precise type of equipment and configuration is obtained remotely without a site visit.
8.3.44
BSS5590 C2 cell reselection parameter The C2 idle-mode reselection parameter allows fast moving MSs to better select a cell where they can receive the best service. The C2 parameter is broadcast in system information messages 3 and 4.
8.3.45
BSS5072 Better Random Access Channel (RACH) detection RACH burst detection is based currently on the S/N threshold and 6-bit CRC check. However, a fixed S/N threshold may be unreliable in environments with high co-channel interference levels that cause ghost channel reservations. The new S/N estimation method with an adaptive threshold overcomes the problem. It provides a more accurate estimate of S/N with the whole 41-bit training sequence of a RACH burst used. In addition, the S/N threshold is now set dynamically for each burst based on the channel conditions.
8.3.46
BTS2503 Abis timeslot allocation Abis timeslot allocation method saves transmission capacity. The 16 kbit/s transmission capacity of the Abis is not reserved for all eight timeslots but only for six or seven timeslots of one TRX.
8.3.47
BTS2139 Boot software To provide maximum adaptability, almost all low-level boot software can be downloaded in the same way as the main applications software is downloaded. The BTS SW can be downloaded and saved in the non-volatile memory of each TRX during normal operation. The BTS SW is activated by resetting the site. This makes it possible to update the software with minimal downloading time.
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177 (194)
MetroSite EDGE BTS Product Description
8.3.48
BTS2138 Transmission control: alarm handling via Q1 data channel BTS transmission alarms are sent to the BSC via the Q1 data channel that is placed in PCM timeslot 0 (bits 5 - 8) or in any other PCM timeslot (bits 7 - 8). Centralised transmission O&M management equipment at the BSC is used to manage alarms from Nokia specific transmission equipment.
8.3.49
BTS2133 Short Message Service (SMS) point-to-point Nokia Base Station supports the short message service (point-to-point) for both mobile originating and mobile terminating calls.
8.3.50
BTS2092 Oven oscillator adjustment alarm If the 13 MHz output is not correctly adjusted, an alarm is sent to the BSC. This alarm is usually active after the BTS start-up. If this alarm remains active, it may indicate that either the oven oscillator is degrading rapidly or the 2M PCM frequency is not correct.
8.3.51
BTS2089 BTS power backup In the case of a main power cut, the external Battery Backup can supply operating power for the BTS.
8.3.52
BTS2067 Fast Associated Control Channel (FACCH) call setup It is possible to establish a FACCH call without using a Stand-alone Dedicated Control Channel (SDCCH) channel. A Traffic Channel (TCH) is set to 'signalling only' and switched over to normal speech operation when needed. This feature is for emergency calls only.
8.3.53
BTS2049 Remote transmission control and configuration The standard control functions of the Nokia Transmission Equipment are supported. This makes it possible to control the transmission equipment remotely from the network via the Abis interface. The BTS provides a transparent two-way path for the remote transmission control commands and responses.
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Note The BTS does not interpret in any way the Nokia Q1 commands given to the transmission units or the responses sent by the transmission units.
8.3.54
BTS2043 BTS External Alarms and Controls (EAC) External Alarms and Controls (EAC) signals can be defined to the BTS. Alarms caused on the site, such as the intruder alarm, are sent to the NMS/2000 via the Abis. The outputs are of open-collector type and the inputs are TTL level signals, all referred to 5V. The EAC settings (name and polarity) are defined at the BSC. There are 10 user-definable inputs and 4 user-definable outputs. It is possible to label user-definable external alarms and controls in the RNW database at the BSC, or through transmission. The complete EAC names can be seen at the BSC. The user can define whether an alarm is raised when the External Alarm input is grounded or disconnected from the ground potential. This allows more flexibility for the alarming device.
8.3.55
BTS2041 BTS local blocking TRX units can be blocked locally with Nokia BTS Manager to enable different operations, such as service operations. The BTS informs the BSC of the blocking by sending a minor alarm. The BSC then clears all calls from the TRX concerned and takes appropriate measures to restore traffic via other TRXs in the BTS, as it would do in the case of a real equipment failure. When the TRX is unblocked with Nokia BTS Manager, the BTS cancels the alarm and the TRX is enabled automatically by the BSC. The normal recovery procedure is activated (all calls via the BTS are released).
8.3.56
BTS2039 BTS SW background downloading The BTS SW can be updated by downloading new BTS SW remotely from the BSC. The BTS SW can be updated without site visits. The BTS SW can be downloaded also locally with Nokia BTS Manager. The BTS SW can be background downloaded and saved in the master TRX nonvolatile memory during normal operation. Resetting the site activates the BTS SW. This makes it possible to update the BTS SW with minimal downloading time.
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179 (194)
MetroSite EDGE BTS Product Description
8.3.57
BTS2038 Transmission control: alarm handling via LAPD BTS transmission alarms are sent to the BSC via the O&M LAPD link.
8.3.58
BTS2037 Air interface measurement pre-processing The measurement results for the active channels may be averaged for the TRX. This option is useful when 16 kbit/s signalling is used because it reduces the capacity needed on the Abis link. The averaging period may be set to consist of 1 - 4 SACCH multiframes. Both uplink and downlink measurements are averaged. As a result, the BSC receives a measurement report once at the end of the averaging period rather than after every SACCH multiframe.
8.3.59
BTS2036 Antenna supervision The antenna connection is supervised continuously by the HW when high transmitter power is used. If the reflected power exceeds the alarm threshold, an alarm is issued. The transmitted power level and the power level reflected from the antenna are measured, and their signal ratio is compared to the defined threshold to issue an alarm.
8.3.60
BTS2033 Short message cell broadcast The short message service (cell broadcast) defined in the GSM recommendations is supported.
8.3.61
BTS2024 Synthesised frequency hopping Synthesised frequency hopping is available for configurations that have at least two TRXs per sector. Synthesised frequency hopping enables all TRXs to change frequencies in successive timeslots, so that the carriers can hop at many different frequencies in quick succession. Both random and cyclic hopping can be used. The maximum number of frequencies per BTS site is 64. The number of frequencies can be greater than the number of TRXs.
Note The BCCH carrier must remain at a fixed frequency and at a fixed power level to enable the MS to measure the signal strength.
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8.3.62
BTS2023 Downlink and uplink DTX; TCH/FS, speech The DTX function (discontinuous transmission activated by speech) is supported as specified in the relevant GSM recommendations.
8.3.63
BTS2022 Logical channel configurations The following logical channel configurations are supported as specified in the GSM recommendations: TCH/F (SPEECH or DATA) + FACCH/F + SACCH/TF FCCH + SCH + BCCH + CCCH FCCH + SCH + BCCH + CCCH + SDCCH/4 + SACCH/C4 SDCCH/8 + SACCH/C8 SDCCH/8 + SACCH/8 + CBCH FCCH + SCH + BCCH + CCCH + SDCCH/4 + SACCH/C4 + CBCH There can be up to 12 SDCCH channels per TRX. The number of these channels is limited by the transmission capacity per TRX via the Abis interface.
8.3.64
BTS2020 RX antenna diversity Receiver diversity (spatial diversity) is available as an operation SW for all configurations. The two RF signals are demodulated separately and combined by the post detection weighted summing method. Diversity is defined for every sector separately from the BSC.
Note At least two TRXs per sector are required to support the RX diversity.
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MetroSite EDGE BTS Product Description
8.3.65
BTS2012 BTS time base reference from PCM The PCM clock is used as a reference when tuning the long-term accuracy of the BTS internal clock. The requirement for the accuracy is 0.015 ppm in order to meet the GSM requirement (0.05 ppm) for the clock signal accuracy in the Air interface.
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Glossary
9
Glossary
9.1
Abbreviations and acronyms This section lists abbreviations and acronyms used throughout Nokia MetroSite EDGE BTS product documentation. 8-PSK AC AD AGC ANSI ARFCN ARFN ASIC BCCH BCF BeO BER BSC BSS BTS CCCH CCITT CH CHDSP CTDA CTGA CTGJ CTGH CVSB
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# Nokia Corporation
8 Phase Shift Keying Alternating Current Analog/Digital Automatic Gain Control American National Standards Institute Absolute Radio Frequency Channel Number See ARFCN. Application Specific Integrated Circuit Broadcast Control Channel Base Control Function Beryllium Oxide Bit Error Ratio Base Station Controller Base Station System Base Transceiver Station Common Control Channel Comité Consultatif International Télégraphique et Téléphonique Channel Channel Coding and Decoding Signal Processor 10W GSM/EDGE 1800 TRX with standard filter 10W GSM/EDGE 900 TRX with standard filter 10W GSM/EDGE 900 TRX with customer-specifc filter J 10W GSM/EDGE 900 TRX with customer-specifc filter H Wide range AC Power Supply 110/230 VAC
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MetroSite EDGE BTS Product Description
CVSD CVSG D/A dBi
DC DDS DGND DIP DL (Downlink)
DMR DSP EAC EDAP EDGE EFR EGPRS EMC EQDSP ESD ETSI Ext. FACCH FB FCC FC E1/T1 FCLK FC RRI FC STM FER FHS FR FXC E1 FXC E1/T1 FXC RRI
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# Nokia Corporation
Wide range DC Power Supply 24/48 VDC Power Supply Unit 230 VAC (wide range) Digital/Analog Generally refers to a theoretical antenna having a spherical radiation pattern with equal gain in all directions. An isotropic antenna has gain of 0 dBi. Direct Current Direct Digital Synthesis Digital ground Dual In Parallel The direction of transmission in which the BTS is the transmitting facility and the mobile station is the receiving facility. Digital Microwave Radio Digital Signal Processor External Alarms and Controls EGPRS dynamic Abis pool Enhanced Data Rates for Global Evolution Enhanced Full Rate Enhanced General Packet Radio Service Electromagnetic Compatibility Equalizing Digital Signal Processor Electrostatic Discharge European Telecommunications Standards Institute External Fast Associated Control Channel Flexbus Federal Communications Commission Integrated radio interface unit with enhanced capabilities for Nokia MetroSite BTS Frame clock Integrated radio interface unit for Nokia MetroSite BTS Integrated optical interface unit for Nokia MetroSite BTS Frame Erasure Ratio Frequency Hopping Synthesizer (Hopping Synthesizer) Full Rate Integrated transmission unit, 75 [ohm], unbalanced Integrated transmission unit, 120/100 [ohm], balanced Integrated radio interface unit with enhanced capabilities for Nokia MetroSite
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Glossary
GMSK GND GPRS GSM HDLC HSCSD HDSL HR HVCU HVMF HVSA HVSB HVSC HVSD HVTD HVTG HVTH HVTJ HVTP HW ICE IEC IEEE IF IRPA ISDN ITU-T ITU-R LAPD LMP LNA LO MCLG MMI MML MS MSC
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# Nokia Corporation
Gaussian Minimum Shift Keying Ground (Connection) General Packet Radio Service Global System for Mobile Communications High-Level Data Link Control High Speed Circuit Switched Data High-Rate Digital Subscriber Line Half Rate Cover unit for MetroSite cabinet High capacity cooling fan High power 230 VAC power supply unit High power 110 VAC power supply unit High power +24 VDC power supply unit High power -48 VDC power supply unit 5W GSM 1800 TRX 5W GSM 900 TRX 5W GSM 900 TRX, with customer specific filter H 5W GSM 900 TRX, with customer specific filter J 5W GSM 1900 TRX Hardware Intelligent Coverage Enhancement International Electrotechnical Commission The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Intermediate Frequency International Radiation Protection Association Integrated Services Digital Network International Telecommunication Union - Telecommunication Standardization Sector (former CCITT) International Telecommunication Union Radiocommunication Sector (former CCIR) Link access protocol on D-channel Local Management Port Low Noise Amplifier Local Oscillator Master Clock Generator Man-Machine Interface Man-Machine Language Mobile Station, usually a mobile phone. Mobile Switching Centre
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Nokia SRC NMS O&M OCXO PC PCM
Nokia Smart Radio Concept Network Management System Operation and Maintenance Oven Controlled Crystal Oscillator Personal Computer Pulse Code Modulation See alsoPCM time slot
RACH RAM RBER RF RTS RX SACCH SDCCH SW Sync TCH TDMA TE TRX TRXSIG TS TX UC UPS VCO VIFA
Random Access Channel Random Access Memory Residual Bit Error Ratio Radio Frequency Radio Time Slot Receiver Slow Associated Control Channel Stand Alone Dedicated Control Channel Software Synchronization Traffic Channel Time Division Multiple Access Terminal Equipment Transceiver TRX Signalling Channel Timeslot Transmitter Unit Controller Uninterruptible Power Supply Voltage Controlled Oscillator MetroSite BTS interface unit, which also provides the BTS master clock Voltage Standing Wave Ratio FC E1/T1 FC STM FC RRI FXC RRI FXC E1 Directive 2002/96/EC that is applicable only within European Union GSM/EDGE 850 TRX unit GSM/EDGE 1900 TRX unit
VSWR VXEA VXOC VXRA VXRB VXTA WEEE WTFA WTPA
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# Nokia Corporation
DN05106254 Issue 2 en
Glossary
9.2
Terms This section provides definitions for terms used throughout Nokia MetroSite EDGE BTS product documentation. Abis Alarm
Alarm Status Backplane
Backplate
Cell
Interface between the BTS and the BSC, and between BTSs. Announcement given to the operating personnel about abnormal functioning of the system, a failure, or an indication of the degradation of the service level or reliability. The current status of the system. Indicates what alarms are active, if any. Connector board to which the plug in units are connected in the MetroSite BTS and MetroHub. Located at the side of the cabinet. Plate at the back of the MetroSite BTS and MetroHub cabinets. The cabinets are attached to the mounting rack from the backplate. The coverage area of a given BTS where the transmission is acceptably receivable.
Cellular Network Radio network built of combined BTS coverage areas. Chain Connection Transmission solution where the BTSs are interconnected through a chain. The first BTS in the chain is connected to the BSC (possibly via a transmission node). See Loop Connection, Multidrop Connection and Star Connection. Commissioning Tasks performed in order to enable the BTS to be connected to the network. Includes operational tests and configuration of the transmission equipment. Coverage Area see Cell. D-bus Bus between TRXs and transmission units (D1), and for internal communication between the units of the MetroSite BTS (D2). Downlink Diversity The BTS swaps two transmitters on a single channel to obtain improved overall sensitivity in a system which is subject to random fading. See Uplink Diversity. Dynamic Abis Using the EGPRS dynamic Abis pool (EDAP) to efficiently allocate transmission resources for the high data rates of EDGE. Earthing See Grounding. FC A PDH (FC E1/T1) transmission unit used in Nokia MetroSite BTSs.
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MetroSite EDGE BTS Product Description
Grounding
Protecting the equipment and the users against lightning and surges through the external connections. Installation Tasks performed in order to enable the BTS to be mounted at the site. Integration Tasks performed in order to enable the BTS to be functional in the cellular network. Includes the test calls. Intelligent Coverage Enhancement Base station system solution used for expanding the coverage of a cell. 2 I C-bus MetroSite BTS's internal bus which handles the alarm and control signalling between passive units. Loop Connection Transmission solution where the BTSs are interconnected through a loop. For example, the first and the last BTS are connected to the BSC. See Chain Connection, Multidrop Connection and Star Connection. Macrocell Macrocell applications cover large areas with a cell radius of 1 - 10 km (0.6 - 6 miles). The large coverage area is achieved by means of installing the antenna high up off the ground. See Microcell. Microcell Microcell applications typically cover areas ranging from 100 m to 1 km (330 feet to 0.6 miles). The antennas are installed under the rooftop level. See Macrocell. Multidrop Connection Transmission solution where one or more BTS chains are connected to one BTS which is connected to the BSC. See Chain Connection, Loop Connection and Star Connection. Network Element Any equipment belonging to the telecommunications environment which can be managed, monitored or controlled in a telecommunications network. Network Topology The manner in which the transmission between the cells of the network is handled. Examples of transmission solutions are Loop Connection, Multidrop Connection and Star Connection. Nokia FlexiHopper Nokia's modern family of microwave radios, currently available for the 15, 23, and 38 GHz frequency bands. FlexiHopper outdoor unit can be used with different indoor units (FIU 19, RRIC, FC RRI and FXC RRI). Nokia MetroHopper Nokia's radio for the 58 GHz band.
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Glossary
MetroHopper outdoor unit can be used with different indoor units (FIU 19, RRIC, FC RRI and FXC RRI) Nokia MetroHub Nokia's unique transmission node. Nokia Smart Radio Concept A Nokia solution for gaining the maximum benefits of EDGE by optimizing the radio link performance with Nokia EDGE base stations. Nokia Q1 Communication protocol used on Q1-buses. Operator A telecommunications company running telecommunications services in a geographical area. PCM time slot 2 Mbit/s PCM circuit is divided into 32 64 kbit/s time slots. 1.5 Mbit/s PCM circuit is divided into 23 64 kbit/s time slots. Point-to-point Q1-bus
Sectored BTS
Site
Transmission between two fixed points. Bus in MetroSite BTS, used for local transmission management (Q1int) and for extending the management to external equipment. A BTS with multiple sectors positioned to supply the desired coverage. The maximum number of sectors for a stand-alone MetroSite BTS is four. Location where telecommunication equipment has been installed. A site can contain, for example, a base station and transmission equipment, with an equipment shelter and antenna tower. Several network elements can be located at a site.
Software Package
Star Connection
UL (Uplink)
Software collection consisting of the components of the BTS operating system. Transmission solution where three branches, with one BTS in each, are connected to a common node. See Chain Connection, Loop Connection and Multidrop Connection. The direction of transmission in which the mobile station is the transmitting facility and the BTS is the receiving facility.
Uplink Diversity The BTS uses two antennas and two receivers simultaneously on a single channel to obtain improved overall sensitivity in a system which is subject to random fading. See Downlink Diversity.
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Related Topics
Related Topics Technical overview of MetroSite EDGE BTS Instructions Overview of planning a MetroSite EDGE BTS site installation Overview of MetroSite EDGE BTS installation at a new site Overview of MetroSite EDGE BTS installation at an existing site
Descriptions Overview of MetroSite EDGE BTS unit technical descriptions Overview of configurations for MetroSite EDGE BTS Technical description of the Transceiver unit Technical description of the Interface unit Technical description of the PSU Technical description of the Fan unit Technical description of the FC E1/T1 transmission unit Technical description of the FXC E1 and FXC E1/T1 transmission units Technical description of the FXC RRI transmission unit Technical description of the FC STM transmission unit
Reference Technical data for MetroSite EDGE BTS Technical data for the Transceiver unit
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MetroSite EDGE BTS Product Description
Technical data for the Interface unit Technical data for the PSU Technical data for the Fan unit Technical data for the Transmission units Technical data for the 5W GSM/EDGE 850 TRX Technical data for the 10W GSM/EDGE 900 TRX Technical data for the 5W GSM 1800 TRX Technical data for the 10W GSM/EDGE 1800 TRX Technical data for the 5W GSM 1900 TRX Technical data for the 5W GSM/EDGE 1900 TRX
Overview of unit technical descriptions Reference Transceiver unit LEDs Interface unit LEDs Transmission unit LEDs Power supply unit LEDs Fan unit LEDs
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Related Topics
Overview of configurations for MetroSite EDGE BTS Descriptions Transmission connections
Example configuration: one-sector, single-band configuration Instructions Overview of expanding BTS capacity Upgrading the BTS from GSM to GSM/EDGE
Example configuration: four-sector, dual-band configuration Instructions Overview of expanding BTS capacity Upgrading the BTS from GSM to GSM/EDGE
Example configuration: one-sector, dual-band configuration Instructions Overview of expanding BTS capacity
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MetroSite EDGE BTS Product Description
Upgrading the BTS from GSM to GSM/EDGE
Example configuration: Intelligent Coverage Enhancement (ICE) Instructions Overview of expanding BTS capacity Upgrading the BTS from GSM to GSM/EDGE
Network Management System (NMS)/NetAct and BSC software References Compatibility between hardware and software Compatibility between BTS, BSC, NMS/2000/NetAct, BTS Manager and LMU software Compatibility between new features of BTS SW CXM4.1 and other network elements
Nokia SiteWizard software Reference System requirements for Nokia SiteWizard
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