Objectifs : 1 / Exprimer les besoins en métrologie 2 / Introduire le vocabulaire usuel en métrologie
Métrologie Concepts et définitions … ei g ol or t é
François Louvet Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Céramique Industrielle 47 – 73 Avenue Albert Thomas 87065 Limoges Cedex
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… s n oi ti ni f é d t e st p e c n o
Introduction « I often say that when you can measure what you are speaking about, and express it in numbers, you know something about it ; but when you cannot measure it, when you cannot express in numbers, your knowledge is of a meagre and unsatisfactory kind : it may be the beginning of knowledge, but you have scarcely in yours thoughts, advanced to the stage of science, whatever that may be. »
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Vision macroscopique d’un processus
… s n oi ti ni f é Fournisseur d NF EN ISO 8402 t e st p e c Processus n ISO/DIS 3534-2 o
24 3 5 3 SI D/ O SI
Le concept de processus
e ci vr e S
Client
NF EN ISO 8402
Produits
ISO/DIS 3534-2
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… s n oi ti ni f é d t e st p e c n o
Vision macroscopique d’un processus Qualité
NF EN ISO 8402
Contrôle « externe »
Processus
Produits
ISO/DIS 3534-2
Limite de contrôle
ISO/DIS 3534-2
Les techniques de pilotage
Limite de spécification
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… s n oi ti ni f é d t e st p e c n o
Vision macroscopique d’un processus Limite de contrôle
ISO/DIS 3534-2
q i t s i t a t s r u e l a V
Limite de spécification Les techniques de pilotage
ISO/DIS 3534-2
LC S
Carte de contrôle
Valeu r
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… s n oi ti ni f é d t e st p e c n o
Vision macroscopique d’un processus Métrologie
Métrologie
NF X 07-001
NF X 07-001
Mesures et essais Processus de mesure Processu s
Mesures et essais
Les besoins en métrologie
Processus de mesure Processu s
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Vision macroscopique d’un processus
… Métrologie s n NF X 07-001 oi ti Mesures et ni essais f Mesurande é NF X 07-001
Métrologie NF X 07-001
Mesures et essais Mesurande NF X 07-001
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Vision macroscopique d’un processus
… Métrologie s n NF X 07-001 oi ti Mesures et ni essais f é
Métrologie NF X 07-001
Mesures et essais
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Vision macroscopique d’un processus
… Métrologie s n NF X 07-001 oi ti Mesures et ni essais f é
Métrologie NF X 07-001
Mesures et essais
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… s n oi ti ni f é
Modélisation d’un processus Moyens
Méthode
Diagramme d’Ishikawa Diagramme des 5M
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… s n oi ti ni f é
Modélisation d’un processus Moyens Résolution finie de l’instrument ou seuil de mobilité Valeurs inexactes des constantes et autres paramètres obtenus de
Méthode
Sources d’incertitudes
NF ENV 13005
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Modélisation d’un processus
Sources d’incertitudes
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Modélisation d’un processus
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… s n oi ti ni f é d t e st p e c n o
Répétabilité - Reproductibilité • Répétabilité (des résultats d’un mesurage) : – Etroitesse de l'accord entre les résultats des mesurages successifs du même mesurande, mesurages effectués dans des mêmes conditions de mesure. Ces conditions sont appelées condition de répétabilité. – Les conditions de répétabilité comprennent : même mode opératoire, même observateur, même
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… s n oi ti ni f é d t e st p e c n o
Répétabilité - Reproductibilité • Reproductibilité (des résultats d’un mesurage) : – Etroitesse de l'accord entre les résultats des mesurages du même mesurande, mesurages effectués en faisant varier les conditions de mesure. – Pour qu’une expression de la reproductibilité soit valable, il est nécessaire de spécifier les conditions que l’on fait varier.
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… s n oi ti ni f é d t e st p e c n o
Conclusion • L’expression d’une grandeur physique est caractérisée par trois éléments indissociables : – Une valeur numérique
Valeur (d’une grandeur)
– Une unité
Unité (de mesure)
NF X 07-001
NF X 07-001
Incertitude (de
