Métodos y Técnicas de Investigación

 

FÁW@G@U Q WÁEJAECU GK AJXKUWANCEA@J  Yr`h. Fse. Ladgc Ucdcgrancs Fkgajc  Hceudtcg gk E`fujaeceaõj  [javkrsagcg gk Dc Lcocjc   

 

GKHAJAEA@JKU   JKEKUC_ACU 

 

 

FÁW@G@

X@ECOD@U N D  _  A K N @

 

C W  Æ J

FKWL@G@U

FKWL@G[F

(Yr`ekgafakjt`s)

(Ecfaj` lceac)

 

 —E`jmujt`

gk pr`eks`s quk kd l`fork gkok kfpdkcr kj dc ajvkstanceaõj y gkf`strceaõj gk dc vkrgcg‖. —@rncjazceaõj

rcea`jcd y oakj ecdeudcgc gk d`s rkeurs`s gasp`jaodks y gk d`s pr`ekgafakjt`s fãs cgkeucg`s pcrc cdecjzcr gktkrfajcg` `omktav` gk dc fcjkrc fãs sknurc, ke`jõfaec y khaeakjtk‖. —Ukrak

`rgkjcgc gk pr`ekgafakjt`s gk quk sk lcek us` kj dc ajvkstanceaõj eakjtæhaec pcrc `otkjkr dc kxtkjsaõj gk jukstr`s e`j`eafakjt`s‖. —Fát`g`

ks uj pr`ekgafakjt` rknudcr, kxpdæeat` y rkpktaodk pcrc d`nrcr cdn`‖  

 Fcra` Oujnk,31. Ks `omkt ktav av` `  

 

GKUC__@DD@ LAUWÕ_AE@ GKD FÁW@G@ (3) Uõerctks, fát`g` fcyáutae` (gaãd`n`)

 

 Ydctõj,

fát`g` gacdáetae` (pdcjtkcfakjt` gk euksta`jks pcrc gcr rkspukstcs jkekscracs pcrc rks`dvkr d`s pr`odkfcs had`sõhae`s.  Crastõtkdks,

fát`g` gkguetav` (pr`eks` gkf`strctav` quk kdco`rc e`jedusa`jks pcrtaeudcrks c pcrtar gk prkfascs nkjkrcdks)  W`fãs gk Cquaj`, fát`g` fát`g` kse`dãstae` (h`rfcdasf` dõnae` y pr`ekgafakjt`s sad`næstae`s)  

 

GKUC__@DD@ LAUWÕ_AE@ GKD FÁW@G@ (?)  Fát`g`

Oce`jacj`, hujgcg` kj dc kxpkrakjeac y kj dc

ajgueeaõj quk pcsc p`r trks ktcpcs dc `oskrvceaõj, h`rfudceaõj gk lapõtksas y vkrahaeceaõj. 

Fát`g` Ecrtksacj`, quk sk ocsc kj dc rczõj y

rkeurrk c dc gugc sastkfãtaec. Ydcjtkc= 3. J` cekp cekptc tcrr e`sc e`sc cdnuj cdnujc c quk quk j` e`j`z e`j`zec ecf` f`ss kvagkjtkfkjtk. ?. _kcdaz _kcdazcr cr cjãda cjãdasas sas,, ar sk sk d` saf safpdk pdk c d` e`fp e`fpuks ukst`. t`. 5. Gks Gkscrr` crr`ddc ddcrr dc sæjtks sæjtksas as pcrc pcrc `rgkjc `rgkjcrr dõnaec dõnaecfkj fkjtk tk d`s d`s rcz`jcfakjt`s. 7. Lcekr Lcek e`fpr`oce e`fpr` oceaõj aõj pcrc pcrc e`jec e`jectkj tkjcr cr d`s d`s tárfa tárfaj`s j`s gk dc rgkgueeaõj.  

 

GKUC__@DD@ LAUWÕ_AE@ GKD FÁW@G@ (5) Fát`g`

p`satav`  gk E`ftk. Kstcodkek dc h`rfudceaõj

gk dc lapõtksas fãs skjeaddc gkd lkel` `oskrvcg`2 kjtkjgkr e`f` ajfutcodks dcs dkyks quk rankj gael`s lkel`s ` hkjõfkj`s2 suo`rgajcr d`s gct`s suomktav`s c d`s rkeurs`s `omktav`s2 dcs afãnkjks ajtkrjcs (rkeukrg`s) s`j sakfprk fkj`s vavcs y fkj`s prkeascs quk dcs kxtkrjcs (skjscea`jks) y t`gc edcsahaeceaõj p`satavc gkok vkrahaecrsk sknýj dc nkjkrcdagcg erkeakjtk ` gkerkeakjtk. Fát`g`

ajguetav` gk M`lj Utucrt Fadd. Ajtknrcg` p`r

d`s fát`g`s gk e`je`rgcjeac, gk dc gahkrkjeac, gk d`s rksagu`s y gk dcs vcracea`jks e`je`fatcjtks. Dc ocsk gkd e`j`eafakjt` eakjtæhae` ks dc ajgueeaõj, ` skc pcscr gk  d` pcrtaeudcr c d` nkjkrcd.

 

GKUC__@DD@ LAUWÕ_AE@ GKD FÁW@G@ (7) Fát`g`

Gacdáetae`, trctcg` kj dc f`gkrjagcg p`r

Fcrx, Kjnkds y Dkjaj y quk sknýj Kjnkds —e`jsagkrc c dcs e`scs y c dcs agkcs kj su kjecgkjcfakjt`, kj sus rkcdea`jks futucs, kj su ceeaõj rkeæpr`ec y dc f`gahaeceaõj quk gk kdd` rksudtc, su jceafakjt`, su gkscrr`dd` y su gkecjgkjeac‖

DKQKU S[K D@ E@JUWAW[QKJ  

Dky gk dc e`jtrcgaeeaõj ` duelc gk d`s e`jtrcra`s.  

Dky gk eucdatctav`s.  Dky  

d`s

ecfoa`s

eucjtatctav`s

gk dc jknceaõj gk dc jknceaõj.

kj

 

Kd fát`g` ks, kj nkjkrcd, dc h`rfc gk rkcdazcr dcs cetavagcgks lufcjcs. Y`r kdd`, sk pukgkj gastajnuar tcjtcs edcsks gk fát`g`s e`f` tap`s gk cetavagcgks c quk sk rkhakrcj. Csæ sk pukgkj gastajnuar g`s nrcjgks f`gcdagcgks= pkjscr y cetucr. cetucr.   

 

Fát`g`s gk pkjscr U`j gaseursav`s ` gk rcz`jcfakjt` quk lcekj rkhkrkjeac c dc h`rfceaõj gk e`jekpt`s ` muaea`s y e`jsastkj kj dc h`rfc gk cetuceaõj pcrc `otkjkr gktkrfajcg`s kdkfkjt`s ` pr`guet`s fkjtcdks. E`f` f`gcdagcgks prajeapcdks sk kjeukjtrcj dc costrceeaõj, dc gkgueeaõj, dc ajgueeaõj, kd cjãdasas, dc sæjtksas, dc gkhajaeaõj, dc edcsahaeceaõj y dc e`fpcrceaõj.  

 

Fát`g`s gk cetucr Uk pukgkj e`jsagkrcr t`g`s d`s quk sk rkhakrkj c dc h`rfc gk rkcdazcr dcs cetavagcgks lufcjcs garanagcs cd fujg` kj quk vavaf`s. Kstcs cetavagcgks rkdctavcs cd fujg` kxtkra`r pukgkj tkjkr uj g`odk `omkt`, quk gc duncr c `tr`s g`s nrcjgks nrup`s gk fát`g`s, sknýj sk garamcj cd e`j`eafakjt` gkd fujg` ` dc rkcdagcg, ` c su trcjsh`rfceaõj.  

 

WÁEJAEC

X@ECOD@ N_AKN@ WK\[J C_WK  

CEW[CEAÕJ

 

Dcs táejaecs  Fát`g`s gk cetuceaõj prãetaec E`fprkjgkj d`s pr`ekgafakjt`s ` h`rfcs gk rkcdazcr dcs gastajtcs cetavagcgks lufcjcs, ajedus` ajtkdketucdks, y kd f`g` gk utadazceaõj gk d`s ajstrufkjt`s fãquajcs quk utadazc kd l`fork, csæ e`f`y dcs fcjkrcs gk prkpcrcr ks`s ajstrufkjt`s.  

 

Fát`g` eakjtæhae`

Wáejaecs Eakjtæhaecs

Edcrc rkdceaõj. Uu jcturcdkzc ks dc fasfc. Cfo`s s`j pr`ekgafakjt`s, h`rfcs gk cetuceaõj eakjtæhaec. Uu gahkrkjeac e`jsastk kj su cfpdatug. Kd fát`g` ks kd pr`ekgafakjt` nkjkrcd gk e`j`eafakjt` eakjtæhae` y ks e`fýj, kj d` hujgcfkjtcd, c t`gcs dcs eakjeacs. Dcs táejaecs p`r kd e`jtrcra`, s`j pr`ekgafakjt`s gk cetuceaõj e`jerkt`s y pcrtaeudcrks, rkdcea`jcg`s   e`j dcs gastajtcs hcsks gkd fát`g` eakjtæhae`.

 

Dc kdkeeaõj gk uj fát`g` gk ajvkstanceaõj sup`jk ujc gkeasaõj hcv`r gkd pcrcganfc ajeduyk c ksc kstrctknac ` c cksk ajstrufkjt` e`f`quk h`rfc p`saodk gk ceeks` c dc rkcdagcg

—D`s fát`g`s gk ajvkstanceaõj rkprkskjtcj c d`s gahkrkjtks   fkga`s gk `pkrcr s`ork kd e`jtkxt` gkd eakjtæhae`‖ Gkjzaj, 31>.E`jsudtcr e`j kxpkrt`s ` pkrs`jcs hcfadacrazcgcs e`j d`s tkfcs ajvkstancg`s. . Dcs prknujtcs j` gkokj f`dkstcr ` aje`f`gcr c dcs pkrs`jcs, kspkeacdfkjtk eucjg` sk ajgcnc s`ork cspket`s æjtaf`s. 7.-

 

 

Y`r kd ecrãetkr gk dc ajtkrceeaõj quk sk kstcodkek e`j kd ajtkrd`eut`r pukgkj skr • Ykrs`jcd

(Cut`cgfajastrcg` ` p`r kjtrkvastc)

• Y`stcd •  Wkdkhõjaec • Ycjkdæstaec • Ajh`rfãtaec  

 

 Wcfoaáj kxastk dc Kjeukstc s`ea`fátraec  —Dc U`ea`fktræc takjk p`r `omkt` kd kstuga` fctkfãtae` gk dcs pr`pakgcgks psae`dõnaecs gk dcs p`odcea`jks2 c tcd khket` p`jk kj ceeaõj ujc táejaec kxpkrafkjtcd hujgcgc s`ork fát`g`s eucjtatctav`s y kxp`jk d`s rksudtcg`s `otkjag`s c trcvás gk su cpdaeceaõj‖ Mce`o D. F`rkj`, 31;7  

 

Kd tkst s`ea`fátrae` dc h`rfc gk fkgar dcs rkdcea`jks ajtkrpkrs`jcdks  quk sk kstcodkekj kjtrk d`s fakfor`s gk uj nrup`. Ks

E`jsastk

kj uj skjeadd` euksta`jcra` kj kd quk ecgc pkrs`jc ajgaec e`j quá fakfor`s gk su nrup` gkskc ` j` gkscrr`ddcr ujc cetavagcg kspkeæhaec, p`r kmkfpd` trcocmcr, kstugacr, pcscr kd takfp` daork.  

 

Wap`s gk atkfs gkd tkst s`ea`fátrae`  U`ork dc ctrceeaõj ` rkelcz` safpdks= -C quaáj prkhakrk s`ork d`s gkfãs -C quaáj rkelczc s`ork d`s gkfãs -E`j quaáj quakrk rkdcea`jcrsk, rkcdazcr tcd cetavagcg ` tcrkc y/` kj tcd satuceaõj (c gktkrfajcr)

E`j quakj quakrk rkdcea`jcrsk, rkcdazcr tcd cetavagcg ` tcrkc y/` kj tcd satuceaõj (cj` gktkrfajcr)  U`ork

rkdcea`jks khketavcs ` gksagkrctavcs=

-E`j quaáj sk rkdcea`jc fãs hrkeukjtkfkjtk (sk pukgk cócgar, sknýj kd ecs`= pcrc rkcdazcr tcd cetavagcg ` tcrkc y/` kj tcd satuceaõj - c gktkrfajcr-)

- E`j quaáj gkskcræc rkdcea`jcrsk ` gkskcræc lcekrd` fãs hrkeukjtkfkjtk (sk pukgk cócgar, sknýj kd ecs`= pcrc rkcdazcr tcd cetavagcg ` tcrkc y/` kj tcd satuceaõj- c gktkrfajcr-)  U`ork

kdkeea`jks p`satavcs y jknctavcs=

- C quaáj kdknaræc pcrc rkcdazcr tcd cetavagcg ` tcrkc y/` pcrc tcd satuceaõj (c gktkrfajcr) - C  quakj j` kdknaræc pcrc rkcdazcr tcd cetavagcg ` tcrkc y/` kj tcd satuceaõj (c (c

gktkrfajcr)  

Kd s`ea`nrcfc  Ks

dc rkprkskjtceaõj fãs tæpaec gk d`s rksudtcg`s gkd tkst s`ea`fátrae`.  Ks dc hanurc ` fcpc quk rkvkdc dc kstrueturc suoycekjtk gk uj nrup` s`eacd y dc p`saeaõj quk ecgc fakfor` takjk gkjtr` gkd nrup` kj kd cf`fkjt` kj quk d`s fakfor`s gkd nrup` rksp`jgkj ujc gktkrfajcgc fkgaeaõj s`ea`fátraec.

Y`r kmkfpd`= C

O

E

Casdcg`

   

D`s æjgaeks s`ea`fátrae`s 3. Jý Jýfk fkr` r` gk kd kdke keea ea`j `jks ks y gk gk rkp rkpud udsc scss gcg gcgcs cs.. ?. Jý Jýfk fkr` r` gk gk kdke kdkeea ea`j `jks ks y gk rkp rkpud udsc scss rkea rkeaoa oagcs gcs.. 5. Jýf Jýfkr kr` ` gk kd kdke keea ea`j `jks ks y gk rkp rkpud udsc scss ksta kstafc fcgcs gcs.. 7.

Jýfkr` gk Jýfkr` gk kdkee kdkeea`j a`jks ks y gk gk rkpud rkpudscs scs rkea rkeaoag oagcs cs y rkea rkeaoag oagcs cs gk d`s gkfãs.

;.  

W`tcd gk c. Kdkeea`jks rkeaoagcs (y p`jgkrcgcs)

o. Kdkeea`jks gcgcs (y tcfoaáj p`jgkrcgcs) 8. W`tcd gk   c. _kpudscs rkeaoagcs (y p`jgkrcgcs) o. gcgcs (y tcfoaáj p`jgkrcgcs) >. W`tcd gk kdkeea`jks rkeæpr`ecs (p`jgkrcgcs) >9-3?,315,31>8 31>8    

Kspkeahaeagcgks 3. Kstãj Kstã j cjtks cjtks, , gurc gurcjtk jtk ` gkspu glastõraec. kspuás ás gk eucd eucdquak quakrr prãetaec s`ea`eudturcd?. Yr`guek Yr`guekj, j, rkpr` rkpr`guek guekj j y trcjs trcjsh`rf h`rfcj cj dc vagc vagc s`eac s`eacdd kj t`gcs sus gafkjsa`jks. 5. Wakjk Wakjk ujc ujc hujeaõ hujeaõj j pkrh`r pkrh`rfct fctavc avc,, ks gkea gkearr pukgkj pukgkj pr`guear gahkrkjtks tap`s gk prãetaecs s`ea`eudturcdks. 7. U`j kj sæ sæ fasfc fasfcss prãet prãetaec aecss s`ea` s`ea`-- eudtur eudturcdk cdks. s. ;. Yr`g Yr`guek uekj j y rkpr`g rkpr`guekj uekj dcs gast gastajt ajtcs cs fctkr fctkracd acdagcg agcgks ks

quk dcs e`jstatuykj (pr`gueeaõj y rkpr`gueeaõj gk dc lknkf`jæc y gkd p`gkr)

 

8. Kj kddc kddc,, tcfoa tcfoaáj áj pukg pukgkj kj nkjkr nkjkrcrs crskk pr`ek pr`eks`s s`s gk   rksastkjeac y gk duelc e`jtrc dc g`fajceaõj y dc kx d`tceaõj.

Ykrspketavcs gk Cjãdasas H`rfcdastc Gksanjc t`g` kjujeacg` supra`r c dc hrcsk, e`jsagkrcg` gksgk kd pujt` gk vastc gk dcs rkndcs gk kjecgkjcfakjt`

E`fujaectavc • Ocm` dcs rknudcragcgks gkd dkjnucmk e`tagacj` kstãj dcs e`jvkjea`jks (Custæj)

• Kd gaseurs`

U`ea`dõnaec E`jeaok cd gaseurs` e`f` prãetaec s`eacd

Fctkracdastc

gk ujc skrak gk hrcsks.

 

gkskfpkóc trks hujea`jks= ajh`rfctavc, kxprksavc y crnufkjtctavc (Y`rtajk)

E`j uj kjh`quk fcrxastc y gksgk kd fctkracdasf` gacdáetae`

 

Wkuj C. Xcj Gamb (31.    

AJXKUWANCEAÕJ LAUWÕ_AEC

Ks ujc e`jekpeaõj ajvkstanctavc quk pcrtk gkd prajeapa` gkd e`j`eafakjt` gk dcs e`scs y

gk d`s hkjõfkj`s kj su gkscrr`dd`, kj su h`rfceaõj, kj su jkx` e`j dcs e`jgaea`jks lastõraecs quk d`s gktkrfajcj.    

AJXKUWANCEAÕJ LAUWÕ_AEC

Uanjahaec hkjõfkj`s kstugacr y kxcfajcr e`f` pr`guet` gk uj  d`s gktkrfajcg`

gkscrr`dd`, gksgk kd pujt` gk vastc e`f` lcj cpcrkeag`, kv`duea`jcg` y ddkncg` cd kstcg` cetucd.    

Kpastkf`dõnaec y Gkskjv`dvafakjt` had`sõhaecfkjtk gkd pkjscfakjt` (rkdceaõj quk kxastk yc

_ gkscrr`ddcgc dkyks gk kjdcekkjk K ajtkrceeaõj) D  C D` dõnae` D` lastõrae` E

A Õ J    

Ceea`jks lufcjcs kj kd takfp` y su e`rrksp`jgakjtk kstuga` y rknastr`.

LAUW@_AC 

Yr`eks` rkcd gkd `rankj y dc h`rfceaõj gk uj `omkt` gcg`.

Gkvkjar gk dcs s`eakgcgks y gk d`s ce`jtkeafakjt`s quk sk nkjkrcj kj kd takfp` y kd kspcea`    

Y`saea`jks cjtk dc gktkrfajceaõj gk d` rkdkvcjtk kj uj takfp` lastõrae` gktkrfajcg`

FC_\AUWC _kdceaõj kjtrk d`s gavkrs`s pr`eks`s y e`fp`jkjtks gk dcs

KUW_[EW[_CDAUWC Cjãdasas gk dcs kstrueturcs s`eacdks,

Y@UAWAXAUW `omktav` CAjvkjtcra` gk j`forks,

h`rfcea`jks ke`jõfae`-

ke`jõfaecs y p`dætaecs.

sueks`s y hkelcs.

s`eacdks.    

—Dc last`rac ks ujc vkrgcgkrc eakjeac s`eacd, dc eucd trctc pr`odkfcs gk oa`nrchæc, gk last`rac y gk sus ajtkrskeea`jks gkjtr` gk kstrueturcs s`eacdks… Dc last`rac e`f` gaseapdajc ajeatc c dc oýsqukgc gkd gktcddk, pkr` tcfoaáj kstafudc c cfpdacr dc vasaõj gk uj` lcstc cocrecr ce`jtkeafakjt`s ekjtrcdks gk dc áp`ec d`s kjkd gkscrr`dd` gk

kstrueturcs s`eacdks.‖ Elcrdks ^ranlt Fadds    

Eratkra`s oãsae`s kj dc skdkeeaõj gk d`s tkfcs gk kstuga`= 3. _k _kdk dkvc vcje jeac ac ?. Xa Xaco coad adag agcg cg 5. @ra @rana najc jcda dagcg gcg

7. Ajt Ajtkrá kráss pkrs`jc pkrs`jcdd    

Cspket`s quk gk narcj kj t`rj` c dcj Lastõraec= pr`odkfãtaec dc Ajvkstanceaõ Ajvkstanceaõj 3. Uk Ukdk dkee eeaõ aõj j gk hu hukj kjtk tks. s. ?. Erat Eratkra kra`s `s gk vcd vcdag agkz kz gk gk ajhkr ajhkrkje kjeac ac y rke`jstrueea`jks. 5. Dc kvcdu kvcducea ceaõj õj gk gk g`euf g`eufkjt kjt`s `s kser kserat` at`ss y `rcd `rcdks. ks. 7. Dc Dcss rkd rkdcea cea`j `jks ks gk ecu ecusc sc y khk khket et`. `.

;. Uæ Uæjt jtks ksas as gk gk ajh` ajh`rf rfce ceaõ aõj. j. 8. Fát`g` Fát`g`ss eucjta eucjtatcta tctav`s v`s y eucda eucdatct tctav` av`ss y dcs gav gavkrs krscs cs vcracjtks kj d`s kstuga`s lastõrae`s, kspkeacdfkjtk d`s quk sk rkhakrkj c dc fcer` y faer`last`rac.    

Ycrc kvcducr d`s g`eufkjt`s kserat`s y `rcdks e`j d`s quk trcocmcr kd gkok ajvkstancg`r lastõrae` sk utadazcj,

Cutkjtaeagcg gk dc hukjtk.

Yctkrjagcg y

nkjkrcdfkjtk, d`s sanuakjtks

ecrãetkr hagkganj` gk dc

eratkra`s=

ajh`rfceaõj.

   

Ycs`s pcrc `rncjazcr y ddkvcr c eco` dc

Ajvkstanceaõj Lastõraec= 3. Kd Kdke keea eaõj õj gkd gkd tkf tkfc c y must mustah ahae aece ceaõ aõj. j. ?. Kdco`rc Kdco`rceaõ eaõj j gkd gkd pr` pr`yket yket` ` gk ajv ajvkst kstanc anceaõj eaõj.. 5. Agk Agkjtah jtahaec aeceaõ eaõj j y kvcduc kvcduceaõ eaõj j gk dc gas gasp`ja p`jaoad oadagc agcg g gk hukjtks. 7. _kk _kkdco dco`rce `rceaõj aõj gkd pr` pr`yke yket` t` gk gk ajvkst ajvkstanc anceaõ eaõj. j.

;. _k _ke` e`dk dkeea eeaõj õj gk dc ajh ajh`r `rfc fcea eaõj õj.. 8. Yr` Yr`eks ekscfa cfakjt kjt` ` y cjãd cjãdasas asas gk dc dc ajh`r ajh`rfce fceaõj aõj.. >. _kgce _kgceea eaõj õj gkd gkd ajh ajh`rf `rfkk hajcd hajcd e` e`j j su e`rrksp`jgakjtk g`eufkjtceaõj gk cp`y`.  

 

Dajkcfakjt`s hutur`s pcrc dc Ajvkstanceaõj Lastõraec 3. [jc jukvc e`jekpeaõj gkd g`eufkjt` e`f`

pr`guet` gk suafcnkj áp`ec gkd y supcscg` kjt`rj`, lkel` afp`jkr ujc pcrc gkearpcrc su vkrgcg. ?. _k- trctcfakjt` gk dc j`eaõj gkd takfp`, fctkrac gk dc last`rac. Gkokrã e`jstruar e`jekpt`s `pkrctav`s gk dc fudtapdaeagcg gk d`s takfp`s s`eacdks.

5. Cpdaecr kd fát`g` e`fpcrctav` sõd` kjtrk d`s ce`jtkeafakjt`s e`fpcrcodks, gkmcjg` c uj dcg` dcs j`ea`jks cfpdacs quk p`jk ocm` ujc fasfc ktaquktc rkcdagcgks fuy cdkmcgcs kj kd kspcea` y kj kd takfp`.    

KYAD@N@

   

— [j eakjtæhae` quk gkskk fcxafazcr kd e`jtkjag` kfpærae` gk d`s pujt`s gk vastc quk sustkjtc y quakrc e`fprkgkrd`s tcj edcrcfkjtk e`f` skc p`saodk, takjk quk ajtr`guear `tr`s pujt`s gk vastc2 ks gkea, takjk quk cg`ptcr

ujc fkt`g`d`næc pdurcdastc  . Arkjk Xcsadcelas gk Nacdgaj`

   

—Dc rczõj quk cekjtýc kd vcd`r gk d`s fát`g`s fýdtapdks ks kd lkel` gk quk eucdquakr erasas pr`hujgc kj kd fát`g` ks ajfkgactcfkjtk e`jeakjeac gk su rk`rncjazceaõj. ujc Dc fudtapdaeceaõj gk fát`g`s, cd javkd quk trcocmcj ást`s, j` pukgk pkrmugaecr dc ujagcg gk dc eakjeac. Kj dc eakjeac f`gkrjc e`jgkjc gk uj fát`g` sup`jk, gk dc ajfkgact`, dc