Métodos de Recuperación de Puentes y Pilares

 

WOMVG[YMC@C O@IMLO@B N@]L[ CGG@UY@O N@[ILY MOAGOMG[Î@ CG NMO@Y A[WUL Oµ6

Nítlcls cg [giupgr`imùo cg Uugotgs y Umb`rgs IW[YL: NMO@CL YWKSG[[ÀOGL M CLIGOSG: MOA. JLYG @OSLOML @[CMSL

 @oagbgs Pumspg, [lcrmal Fr`oz Fr`oz  @nkrlsml Y`otls, Bmt` U`ngb` U`ngb` Hlolrml @rtg`a`, Fr`odbmo U`bp`o Gcslo Juomlr J`vmgr  [`nîrgzBgùo, Cuqug, Am`oi`rbl

VGA@

 

[giupgr`imùo cg Uugotgs y Umb`rgs

B` rgiupgr`imùo cg pugotgs y pmb`rgs gs uo prligsl qug go nmogrî` ol p`s` plr `btl, y` qug prgsgot`o kblqugs cg nmogr`b cg kugo` bgy y ilo b` `pbmi`imùo cgb nítlcl cg gxpblt`imùo cg Imri`cl pgrnmtg uo` n`ylr gfmi`im`.

 

[giupgr`imùo cg Uugotgs y Umb`rgs 

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B` rgiupgr`imùo cg pugotgs y pmb`rgs gs uo tr`k`jl cg `btl rmgsal, cgkmcl ` bls pgbmarls qug ilobbgv` rgiupgr`rbl plrqug smrvgo cg slstgomnmgotl go nmo`. Bls pmb`rgs, sloslstgomnmgotl, gstruitur`s qug sg cgj`rlo go bls t`jgls ilnl p`rtg cg iu`ocl sg rg`bmz`k` b` gxpblt`imùo cgb nmogr`b. Gb `oihl cgb pmb`r cgpgocg cg b` curgz` cgb nmogr`b, cg b` rgsmstgoim` cgb tgihl t gihl y cg b` prgsmùo qug gjgrig gb tgrrgol. Agogr`bngotg b`s cmngosmlogs cg bls pmb`rgs slo cg 3.55 x 3.55 n y b` cmst`oim` gotrg gstls cgpgocg cg b` pb`omfmi`imùo qug sg h`y` hgihl.

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Bls pugotgs, t`nkmío slo gstruitur`s qug qugc`rlo ilnl slstgomnmgotl, pgrl y` ol cgotrl cg bls t`jgls, sm ol, qug bls pugotgs gstào smtu`cls go b`s a`bgrî`s.

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B`s cmngosmlogs v`rî`o cg `iugrcl ` b` bloamtuc gotrg ihmngog`s, pgrl agogr`bngotg v`o cg 75.55 x 7.55 n.

 

NÍSLCL CG GXUBLS@IMÙO IM[I@CL

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Gstg nítlcl sg us` iu`ocl b` vgt` gs nuy `oalst` y sg gxpblt` sgbgitmv`ngotg, cg nlcl qug go uo` prmngr` vlb`cur` sg gxtr`g gb n`tgrm`b gstírmb l cgsnlotg y bugal go uo` sgauoc` vlb`cur` b` vgt` l gb nmogr`b.

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Agogr`bngotg sg gnpbg` go gb i`sl cg vgt`s nuy cgba`c`s y cg `bt` bgy. Yg lktmgog nmogr`b nàs bmnpml l ngols ilot`nmo`cl (ngols cmbumcl) qug iu`ocl sg rg`bmz` uo` slb` vlb`cur` go b` b`klr,, l sg`, nmogr`b y cgsnlotg. b`klr

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Ulr bl agogr`b, b` vgt` sg bbgv` h`im` gb tgihl cg b` b`klr, h`imíoclbl nàs fàimb b` rgiupgr`imùo cg ístg4 `bauo`s vgigs t`nkmío sg bg bbgv`rà go gb pmsl b` vgt`, cgpgocmgocl gxibusmv`ngotg cg iùnl sg prgsgotgo b`s i`j`s pmsl y tgihl clocg sg ukmi` b` vgt`.

 

NÍSLCL CG GXUBLS@IMÙO IM[I@CL

 

YLYSGOMNMGOSL

-B` gt`p` cg rgiupgr`imùo cg pugotgs y pmb`rgs go nmo` gs uo` cg b`s nàs irîtmi`s go iu`otl ` gst`kmbmc`c, plrqug go gst` gt`p` ols gofrgot`nls ` gxi`v`imlogs `otmau`s iuy` gst`kmbmc`c tgognls qug `btgr`r ougv`ngotg. -Ilnl ilosgiugoim`, v`nls ` tgogr uo` ougv` cmstrmkuimùo cg gsfugrzls, bls iu`bgs p`r` goilotr`rsg go uo gst`cl gst`kbg t`rc`rào nàs tmgnpl y `fgit`rào b`s gxi`v`imlogs igri`o`s. -U`r` ilotrlb`r gb cgsprgocmnmgotl cg rli`s y tr`k`j`r ilo sgaurmc`c, gs qug bls nmogrls `rtgs`ols vmgogo ilbli`ocl slstgomnmgotl ilo n`cgr` (iu`crls iljls, puot`bgs cg sgaurmc`c, iu`crls ilnpbgtls l cg trgs pmgz`s), rgh`kmbmt`ocl bls `iigsls prmoimp`bgs, `sî ilnl t`nkmío go sus t`jgls y bmog`bgs clocg vmgogo rg`bmz`ocl sus `itmvmc`cgs y smgocl pgrn`ogotgngotg supgrvms`cls plr gb cgp`rt`ngotl cg sgaurmc`c cg bls nmogrls `rtgs`ols p`r` gvmt`r g vmt`r `iimcgotgs

 

YLYSGOMNMGOSL

-Gs prgimsl ngoimlo`r t`nkmío, qug go bua`rgs clocg sg prgsgot` uo tgrrgol ilo rli` n`b`, sg vmgog tr`k`j`ocl ilo n`rih`v`otgs p`r` `sî ilotrlb`r gb tgihl g moargs`r cg flrn` sgaur` ` b`klr`r b`klr`r.. -@itu`bngotg, gb cgp`rt`ngotl cg sgaurmc`c nmogrls `rtgs`ols, vmgog tr`k`j`oclcg gobls b` mnpbgngot`imùo cg bls UGSY (Urligcmnmgotl Gsirmtl cg Sr`k`jl Ygaurl) y Gstàoc`rgs p`r` tlc`s b`s zlo`s cg tr`k`jl.

 

UWOS@B @B CG YGAW[MC@C @. UWOS

-Gstg gbgngotl cg slstgomnmgotl gs gnpbg`cl go t`jls, sg iloflrn` cg uo slbl gbgngotl, y sg `sgaur` go uol cg sus gxtrgnls ilo pb`otmbb` cg fmj`imùo y go gb ltrl gxtrgnl gx trgnl ilo b` p`tmbb`. Yg ilbli`rà pgrpgocmiub`rngotg t`otl ` b` i`j` tgihl ilnl ` b` i`j` pmsl.

CMYGÐL CG MOYS@B@IMÙO CGB UWOS@B CG YGAW[MC@C

 

@. YLYSGOMNMGOSL ILO IW@C[LY CG N@CG[@ Smgog lkjgtmvl cg slplrt`r n`otgogr `kgrtur`s cg b`s gb b`klrgs `kmgrt`s plr uoy pgrîlcl cgb`s tmgnpl h`st` qug sg tgrnmog gb b`klrgl y gstg gs tg gbgngotl gvmt`rà gb cgsprgocmnmgotl cg rli`s l cgrrunkgs

Ylstgomnmgotl ilo iu`crl Iùomil Yg most`b` p`r` ilotrlb`r b` gst`kmbmc`c cg b` rli` y c`r sgaurmc`c `b pgrslo`b, gqumpls y prligsls. Iu`ocl go b`s b`klrgs gxmstgo prgsmlogs b`tgr`bgs, gb iu`crl sg `rn`rà ilo slbgr`s cg 8„ cg cmàngtrl. @b momiml cg b` most`b`imùo cg iu`crls sg ilbli`rà lkbma`tlrm`ngot lkbma`tlrm`ngotg g p`t` cg a`bbl l àoaubls p`r` qug ol bg `fgitg gb cmsp`rl.

 

@. YLYSGOMNMGOSL ILO IW@C[LY CG N@CG[@ Ylstgomnmgotl ilo Iu`crls Iljls

-Go nuihls tgrrgols ol gs ogigs`rml b` ilbli`imùo cg uo iu`crl ilnpbgtl, y` qug sg tmgog uo` cg b`s i`j`s ilnpgtgotg. -Gstg tmpl cg slstgomnmgotl gs nuy utmbmz`cl iu`ocl uo` cg bls h`stm`bgs cg b` b`klr prgsgot` rli` ilnpgtgotg, plr bl qug ol gs ogigs`rml ilbli`r uo iu`crl ilnpbgtl smol slb`ngotg gstg tmpl cg iu`crls.

 

@. YLYSGOMNMGOSL ILO IW@C[LY CG N@CG[@ Ylstgomnmgotl ilo Iu`crls Yqu`rg Ygt -Yg most`b` iu`crls go Yqu`rg Ygt iu`ocl sg gstà gxpblt`ocl plr i`bbgs b` vgt`4 slo iu`crls rgitls l ` =5µ, clocg gb plstg igotr`b gs cg n`ylr cmàngtrl qug gb rgstl y slstmgog ` bls cls slnkrgrls cg bls iu`crls. -Gstg tmpl cg iu`crls sg vmgog utmbmz`ocl ilo frgiugoim` go ougstr` nmogrî` `rtgs`o`b y` qug f`imbmt` b` gxpblt`imùo cg b`s vgt`s. Gstls iu`crls slo fàimbgs cg most`b`r y sg `v`oz` ilo b` gxpblt`imùo go b`s i`bbgs, y` qug go b` i`bbg smaumgotg cg gxpblt`imùo slbl sg ilbli`o iu`crls iljls. -Wo` vgz tgrnmo`cl cg gxpblt`r tlc` uo` i`bbg, gb cgsnlotg prlcuitl cg b` vlb`cur` cg b` i`bbg ougv` qug sg gstà g stà tr`k`j`ocl, sg rgbbgo` go b` i`bbg y` gxpblt`c`, smrvmgocl `sî ilnl slstgomnmgotl.

 

Ugrflr`imùo [g`bmz`r uo tr`k`jl ilo sgaurmc`c y i`bmc`c gs h`igr b`s ils`s kmgo, p`r` gbbl gs ogigs`rml iunpbmr ilo bl qug gst`kbgig b` bgy4 gs plr gsl qug, cgspuís cg i`c` vlb`cur` sg cgkg cg rg`bmz`r gb @KI nmogrl: vgotmb`r, rga`r y cgs`t`r. -Bls nmogrls `rtgs`ols gstào prlvmstls cg vgotmb`clrgs ngiàomils qug v`ob`cgscg h`st` ;uoHUs, gqumpls slo vgotmb`cl. most`b`clsGs p`r` vgotmb`r b`klr 0y HU n`otgogr `nkmgotg cgqug tr`k`jl lkbma`imùo cg i`c` n`gstrl n`otgogr gb vgotmb`clr goigocmcl nmgotr`s sg rg`bmz` b` pgrflr`imùo cg b` b`klr. -B` pgrflr`imùo gnpmgz` ilo gb k`rrgol p`tgrl cg 0,7„ y bugal sg smaug ilo gb k`rrgol p`s`clr cg 9„ cg bloamtuc. B` pgrflr`imùo gs go sgil, go ltr`s p`b`kr`s, ol sg utmbmz` `au` go b` pgrflr`imùo, sg us`o pgrflr`clr`s l n`rtmbbls gbíitrmils p`r` pgrflr`r, qug fuoimlo`o ilo gbgitrmimc`c cg ;;5 vlbtmls. -Gb tmgnpl cg pgrflr`imùo 07 cgpgocg cgb tmpl cg rli` qug sg prgsgotg gb tgrrgol, lkvm`ngotg b` rli` cur` prgsgot` uo n`ylr tmgnpl cg pgrflr`imùo y t`nkmío uo n`ylr cgsa`stg cg bls k`rrgols

 

Ugrflr`imùo -Iu`ocl sg pgrflr`, b` agogr`imùo cg plbvl gs cg pgqugð`s i`otmc`cgs cgkmcl ` bls gqumpls n`ou`bgs qug sg us`o go b` nmogrî` `rtgs`o`b, y p`r` gvmt`r qug rgspmrgo gstg plbvl bls nmogrls `rtgs`ols, gs qug gstào lkbma`cls ` utmbmz`r su prltgiimùo ilotr` plbvl (rgspmr`clr ilo i`rtuihls ilotr` plbvl), t`b ilnl sg pugcg `prgim`r go b` fmaur` 05. -Cgspuís cg rg`bmz`c` b` vlb`cur`, ` bls nmogrls `rtgs`ols sg bgs gstà mostruygocl go rga`r su i`ra` ilo k`bcgs cg `au`, h`imíoclbgs iloligr qug v` nmtma`r gb plbvl y bls a`sgs prgsgotgs go gb n`tgrm`b rltl y qug ístls pugcgo `fgit`r b` s`buc cg cmihls `rtgs`ols. -U`r` gb fuoimlo`nmgotl cg b`s nàqumo`s pgrflr`clr`s, sg h`ig usl cg agogr`clrgs gbíitrmils cg 7555 h`st` =555 w`tts cg pltgoim`, bls iu`bgs fuoimlo`o ilo ilnkustmkbg bîqumcl (a`slbmo`). -Bls agogr`clrgs l nltlrgs gbíitrmils, gstào smtu`cls go supgrfmimg, cgkmcl ` b` ar`o i`otmc`c cg IL (Cmùxmcl cg I`rklol) qug agogr`o `b gst`r go fuoimlo`nmgotl fuoimlo`nmgotl..

 

[GIWUG[@IMÙO ] CMBWIMÙO -Yg v` cgnlstr`r qug ilo b` `pbmi`imùo cg gstg nítlcl, b` rgiupgr`imùo cgb nmogr`b v` `bi`oz`r gotrg uo =5 ` =7%, cgkmcl ` b`s vlb`cur`s qug sg v` mr rg`bmz`ocl (uo` go gb cgsnlotg y b` ltrl slbl go gb nmogr`b) y bl qug gstà go uo prlngcml b` cmbuimùo v` cmsnmoumr olt`kbgngotg, cg uo 07-;5 % `itu`bngotg ` uo 057% qug sg v` blar`r ilo b` mnpbgngot`imùo cg gstg nítlcl cg gxpblt`imùo. -Gs ogigs`rml ngoimlo`r qug omoaúo nítlcl cg gxpblt`imùo v` ` rgiupgr`r gb nmogr`b ` uo 055%, cgkmcl ` nuihls f`itlrgs, gotrg gbbls: prgsgoim` cg iu`rzl y ltrls ngt`bgs cgotrl cg b` vgt`, sg prgsgot`o pgqugðls i`k`bbls (n`tgrm`b gstírmb) cgotrl cg b` zlo` nmogr`bmz`c`, b` i`îc` cg rli`s cg b`s i`j`s y tgihl4 qug v`o ` ilot`nmo`r gb nmogr`b. -Ym gb tr`k`j`clr `pbmi` sgaúo b` i`p`imt`imùo gb nítlcl go ngoimùo, sg rgfbgj`rà go bls gnpbgls cg ngolr tmgnpl go b`s `itmvmc`cgs nmogr`s.

 

Iloibusmlogs 0. Gb nítlcl cg imri`cl utmbmz`cl go b` cg pugotgs y pmb`rgs, pgrnmtg rgiupgr`r uorgiupgr`imùo 01,3 % SO nàs cg nmogr`b ilo rgspgitl ` uo` vlb`cur` cg tlcl gb t`jgl. ;. ilstl Ilo b`cgb `pbmi`imùo cg nmo`cl cg Imri`cl, gb ilosunlcgb cgnítlcl gxpblsmvls sg rgcuig go uo ;0.0 % y b` prlcuiimùo cg nmogr`b `ungot`. 9. Gb tmgnpl cg gsilamcl gs i`sm oubl cgkmcl ` b` vlb`cur` plr sgp`r`cl cgb cgsnlotg y gb nmogr`b. 3. Gb cgsa`stg cg bls k`rrgols ilostmtuyg uo 08% ngolr plr ngs ilo gb nítlcl cg gxpblt`imùo cg imri`cl, y` qug slo ngols bls t`b`crls pgrflr`cls (pmgs) ilo gstg nítlcl, smaomfmi`ocl uo `hlrrl cg uo  jugal cg k`rrgols ngosu`b.

 

[gilngoc`imlogs 0. Yg rgilnmgoc` `b utmbmz`r gstg nítlcl, qug b` vgt` cg nmogr`b smgnprg sg bbgvg h`im` b` i`j` tgihl. ;. Vgrmfmi`r gb tmpl cg rli` `otgs cg rg`bmz`r gb n`ri`cl cg b` n`bb`, y` qug sm prgsgot` uo` rli` cur` tmpl MV, sgrà lkbma`tlrml h`igr gb ilrtg qugn`cl ilo cls t`b`crls v`iîls. 9. Ugrflr`r smgnprg cg n`ogr` ilrrgit`, utmbmz`ocl bls aum`clrgs, p`r` tgogr uo kugo p`r`bgbmsnl cg t`b`crls y gvmt`r qug sg cgsvîgo l sg ilnuomqugo gotrg gbbls, go gb i`sl cgb `rr`oqug y h`igr usl cg bls t`ils cg `rimbb` l cgtrmtus p`r` uo `prlvgih`nmgotl n`ylr cg b` gograî` cgb gxpblsmvl. 3. Gs rgilngoc`kbg ol ilbli`r nuih` i`ra` gxpblsmv` go bls t`b`crls cg b` sgauoc` vlb`cur`. H`igr b` prmn` l igkl ilo Ygngx` 67% y ilbli`r uo` cmo`nmt` cg 37% cg ilbuno` gxpblsmv`. 7. Iu`b fugsg b` `itmvmc`c ` rg`bmz`r gs ogigs`rml, gb sgaumnmgotl, `oàbmsms y ilotrlb cg bls rgiursls mongrsls go b` lpgr`imùo. 75 6. Iloimgotmz`r `b `rtgs`ol go gb kugo usl y b` movgrsmùo cg su cmogrl, y` qug sm nàs movmgrtg, n`ylr sgrào sus a`o`oim`s. 1. Kusi`r `btgro`tmv`s ilo rgspgitl ` gqumpls p`r` nmogrî` `rtgs`o`b, y` qug f`imbmt`rî` bls tmgnpls gnpbg`cls go imgrt`s `itmvmc`cgs.