Metodos de Explotacion de Mineria A Cielo Abierto

 

7. IKPA@AV IKPA@AV @K @K KR^CAPG KR^CAPGFEAM FEAM @K IEMKTEG IEMKTEG G FEKCA FEKCA GDEKT GDEKTPA PA ^ar sus fgrgftkréstefgs kstrufturgcks kstrufturgcks y sus gpcefgfeamks gpcefgfeamks cas iåta`as iåta`as g fekca gdekrta sam cas sehuekmtks:

7.7 Fartg Fartgs: s: Km ygfeiekmtas emfcemg`as, cg kxpcatgfeöm sk cckvg g fgda `k ia`a `ksfkm`kmtk, fam skffeamks vkrtefgcks km oarig fömefg. Kstas iåta`as sam trg`efeamgcks `k cg iemkrég iktçcefg y sk g`gptgram km cgs úcteigs `åfg`gs g cg iemkrég `k fgrdöm.

 

Ksqukig `k umg fartg iemkrég

Cg kxtrgffeöm sk rkgcezg km vgreas tgjas, `kdk bgccgrsk um `ksogsk kmtrk dgmfas fam kc prapöseta quk cgs pcgtgoarigs `k trgdgja skgm skhurgs y sk puk`g apkrgr cas kquepas km su içxeig fgpgfe`g`. Cg praoum`e`g` `k kstgs kxpcatgfeamks sukck cckhgr km gchumas fgsas g cas 6>> i. Cg ve`g `k kstas ygfeiekmtas sukck skr supkrear g cas 7; a 4> g÷as, gc ikmas km cg iemkrég iktçcefg. 7.4. @ksfudekrtgs: Kstas iåta`as sk gpcefgm km ygfeiekmtas barezamtgcks par ca hkmkrgc `k ;> i. Tg`efg km kc gvgmfk ume`erkffeamgc `k um iö`uca fam um saca dgmfa `ks`k kc quk sk pkrpktrg kc grrgmquk y vkrte`a `k åstk gc bukfa `k cgs ktgpgs gmtkrearks. Kc iemkrgc ks kmtamfks kmtamfks kxtrgé`a `ks`k kc oam`a `k cg kxpcatgfeöm< cg igquemgreg quk sk trgk vgrég `k gfukr`a gc vacuikm `k rkskrvgs kxtrgédcks< km cgs hrgm`ks iemgs sk bgfk bgf k usa `k cgs `rghgcemgs, `rghgcemgs, sekm`a kstg umg içquemg içquemg kxfgvg`a kxfgvg`arg rg `k hrgm`ks hrgm`ks `eikmseamks, par su hrgm tgig÷a kstg sk famstruyk km kc iesia cuhgr `am`k sk vg

 

g usgr, km cgs pkquk÷gs iemgs, cg igquemgreg y kquepas famvkmfeamgcks sam cas trgftarks `k aruhgs, cgs kxfgvg`args be`rçucefgs, cgs pgcgs fgrhg`args, ktf.

 

Ksqukig `k umg iemg `ksfudekrtg

7.6. Pkrrgzgs:

Vk oum`gikmtg km umg iemkrég fam gvgmfk ume`erkffeamgc, sk gpcefg km ygfeiekmtas famhrukmtkikmtk famhrukm tkikmtk barezamtgcks, barezamtgcks, `k uma a vgreas mevkcks quk pkrietkm `kpasetgr kc igtkregc kstårec km kc bukfa frkg`a, gfgrrkçm`aca km tarma g cg kxpcatgfeöm. Veiecgr gc iåta`a `k `ksfudekrtgs, sk kokftúg um rkcckma `kc bukfa frkg`a, par ca fugc cgs gffeamks sam hrgm`ks. Cas kquepas y sestkigs iemkras quk sk igmkjgm sam vgreg`as, `ks`k cas kquepas `esfam `es famtem temua uas s famvk famvkmfe mfeam amgck gcks s `k fgrhg fgrhg y trgmsp trgmspar artk, tk, bg bgstg stg cas fam famtem temua uas, s, fam trgmspartk fam femtgs y treturgfeöm `kmtra `k cgs prapegs kxpcatgfeamks.

 

Ksqukig `kc iåta`a `k tkrrgzgs

7.0 Famtarma Cg iemkré iemkrég g `k fa famt mtarm arma a sk dgsg dgsg km yg ygfei feiekm ekmtas tas qu quk k fa famtk mtkmh mhgm gm vgregs vgregs fg fgpg pgs s tuidg`g tuid g`gs, s, km `am`k `am`k cg tapa tapahrgo hrgoég ég ks `ksogva `ksogvargdc rgdck, k, rg`efg rg`efg km cg kxfgvgfe kxfgvgfeöm öm `kc igtkregc kstårec y `kc iemkrgc km skmte`a pkrpkm`efucgr, `kjgm`a um tgcu` `k dgmfa úmefa y prahrkse úmefa prahrkseöm öm pracamh pracamhg`g g`g.. Cg igquemg igquemgreg reg utecezg` utecezg`g g ks `k tepa famvkmf famvkmfeam eamgc, gc, apkrg`g par iatarks `eåskc.

Kxpcatgfeöm `k famtarma

7.;. Fgmtkrgs:

 

Ks cg kxprkseöm quk sk utecezg pgrg rkokrersk g cgs kxpcatgfeamks kxpcatgfeamks `k rafgs em`ustregcks, em`ustregcks, armgikmtgcks y `k igtkregcks `k famstruffeöm, famstetuykm kc skftar içs eipartgmtk km fugmta g fgmte`g`, kstk iåta`a ks iuy gmtehua, su kxpcatgfeöm, kxtrgffeöm y gdgstkfeiekmta sk usgm km cg famstruffeöm y km adrgs `k emorgkstrufturg. Kstk iåta`a `k kxpcatgfeöm sukck skr kc `k dgmquka, fam uma a vgreas mevkcks, udefçm`ask fam um hrgm múikra `k fgmtkrgs g ik`eg `kfcevk. Cgs fgmtkrgs sk sukckm sud`eve`ersk km `as hrupas: 

Km kc preikra, sk adtekmk um igtkregc orghikmtg`a gpta pgrg gceikmtgr g cgs pcgmtgs `k trgtgiekmta y adtkmkr um pra`ufta pgrg cg famstruffeöm km oarig `k çre`a çre`as, s, pgrg pgrg cg ogd ogdref refgfe gfeöm öm `k fk fkikm ikmtas tas,, pra`u pra`ufta ftas s em` em`us ustre tregc gcks, ks, kt ktf. f. Kstg Kstg kxpcatgfeöm sk `g km kxtrgffeamks ma fue`g`asgs y `k hrgm`ks gcturgs `k dgmfa.



Km

kc

skh skhum`a,

sam sam

kxpcatg catgf feam eamks

fue` fue`g g`asgs

`k

hrg rgm m`ks

dcaquks

pgrgckckpépk`as, pgrgckck pépk`as, quk sk fartgm y kcgdargm. Kstgs kxpcatgfeamks sk e`kmteoefgm par  cg hr hrgm gm fgmt fgmte` e`g` g` `k dg dgmf mfas as qu quk k sk gd gdrk rkm m pg pgrg rg gr grrg rgmf mfgr gr cas cas dcaq dcaquk uks s y cg igquemgreg kspkfegc fam cg quk sk famsehukm pcgmas `k fartk ceipeas.

Kxpcatgfeöm `k fgmtkrg

7.?. Hrgvkrgs:

 

Cas igtkregcks `ktrétefas a faipuksta par orghikmtas, faia sam cgs grkmgs y cgs hrgvgs, gcajg`as km cas vgccks y tkrrgzgs `k cas réas, sam igtkregcks `k kxpcatgfeöm emtkmsg par cg `kigm`g `k kstas igtkregcks par kc skftar `k cg famstruffeöm. Cgs grkmgs y cgs rafgs puce`gs y sukctgs sk kmfukmtrgm pafa kmcgzg`as, par ca quk cgs gffeamks sk kokftúgm par kquepas ikfçmefas. Cgs kxpcatgfeamks sukckm `grsk km um saca dgmfa, fam umg praoum`e`g` emokrear g cas 4> i. Km fgsa cgs oarigfeamks sk kmfukmtrkm km mevkcks gctas, sk sukckm utecezgr kquepas famvkmfeamgcks, faia cgs pgcgs fgrhg`args `k ruk`gs y cas vacquktks, ks bgdetugc quk cas igtkregcks sk prkskmtkm `kdgja `kc rea a grraya, km ksas fgsas sk sukckm utecezgr kquepas iemkras faia sam cgs `rghgs sekm`a kstk um kquepa quk puk`k kstg kstgr  r  emstgcg`a km umg kidgrfgfeöm a tekrrg oerik, su oumfeöm ks kxfgvgr igtkregc `kdgja `kc mevkc `kc ghug, afgseamgm`a g cg drkvk`g` cg oarigfeöm `k cghumgs.

7.8. Iemkrég be`rçucefg, `rghg`a: Km prafksa prafksas s iemkrgcez iemkrgcezg`a g`as s kspkfeg kspkfegcks, cks, faia kc ara, fgsetkret fgsetkretg g (kstg÷a (kstg÷a), ), ktf, su gpcefgfeöm sk `g par kc iåta`a `kc `rghg`a u apkrgfeöm quk famsestk km cg ceipekzg y kc gbam`giekmta, emum`gm`a prkvegikmtk cg zamg `k kxpcatgfeöm, kstk iåta`a ks kf kfam amöi öief efa a fu fugm gm`a `a cg prap prapeg eg ghug ghug sk utece tecezg zg tg tgid ideå eåm m pg pgrg rg kc pr praf afk ksa `k fa famfk mfkmtr mtrgf gfeöm eöm,, faia faia afurrk afurrk fa fam m cg sk skpg pgrgf rgfeöm eöm hrgvei hrgveiåtr åtrefg efg qu quk k famses famsestk tk km cg `eokrkmfeg `k `kmse`g` kmtrk `as a içs orgffeamks `k iemkrgcks quk sk prktkm`km skpgrgr. 7.2. @esacufeöm y cexevegfeöm Cas ygfeiekmtas `k sgcks, faia cg hcgudkretg, hcgudkretg, cg tbkmgr`etg, tbkmgr`etg, sk kxpcatgm kigmgm`a kigmgm`a g cg `ksfudekrtg `kc igtkregc kstårec supkroefegc pgrg `kspuås `eve`er kc iemkrgc ik`egmtk vacg`urgs y oarigcezgr su `esacufeöm par ik`ea `k cg ferfucgfeöm `k ghug fgcekmtk, quk ks rkfupkrg`g ik`egmtk ik`egmtk ghug y sgc, y um sestkig `k tudkrégs y daidgs quk cg cckvgm bgstg cg pcgmtg `am`k sk kmfukmtrgm umas frestgcezg`arks quk pkrietkm adtkmkr kc pra`ufta oemgc. Cg cexeve cexevegf gfeöm eöm trgtg trgtg `k cg kxtrg kxtrgffe ffeöm öm quéie quéiefg fg `k cas iemkrg iemkrgcks cks famtk famtkme` me`as as km um kstgdckfeiekmta, kc prafksa ks preiar`egcikmtk quéiefa, km gchumas fgsas puk`k skr  tgideåm dgftkreacöhefa (fekrtgs dgftkregs gfkckrgm cgs rkgffeamks `k cexevegfeöm `k iktgcks sucourasas).

 

Km fg fgsa sa cg kxtrgf kxtrgffeö feöm m sk kjkfu kjkfutk tk sem kxtrg kxtrgkr kr kc iemkrg iemkrgc, c, km kmtam tamfk fks s sk `k `kma maiem iemg g –cexevegfeöm em-  setu’< km fgsa kc iemkrgc sk grrgmquk, trgmspartk y `kpasetk km um kstgdckfeiekmta, kmtamfks sk `kmaiemg –cexevegfeöm km bkrgs’ a –cexevegfeöm km pecgs’. Atrg vgregmtk km kxtrgffeöm `kc iemkrgc, sk `g `kspuås `k cg iacekm`g, pgsgm`a par  kstgmquks fam ghetg`arks, kstk prafksa sk `kmaiemg –cexevegfeöm `emçiefg’ 7.5. Kspkfegcks a iextas Kstas Ksta s iåta`as iåta`as sam gqukccg gqukccgs s kxpcatgf kxpcatgfeam eamks ks quk sk `gm faidemgm faidemgm`a `a cgdarks cgdarks `k supkroefek fam cgdarks sudtkrrçmkgs, faia cg iemkrég –guhkr’, km cg quk `kspuås `k bgdkr kokftug`a cg kxtrgffeöm `kc iemkrgc ma kxpcatgdck g fekca gdekrta, sk utecezgm kquepas kspkfegcks quk kokftúkm um grrgmquk y trgmspartk bgfeg kc kxtkrear.

Kxpcatgfeöm par kc iåta`a `k –Guhkr Iememh’