Método de Cullman

 

 

„CÀZLJL JM E]NNCAK–  E]NNCAK– 

 A]ZLV2 EOMXM ]EAKE@AN D]@AKEAVNL NMLKMN

JLEMKZM2 CUE.@KD. V@ZOMN CMJVAKL N@RAVRAF]V]

E]VUL2 CMEAK@EA JM U]MNLU @@

E@ENL2 W@@

X@CMKZMN - XMVÒ 6868

 

@KJ@ M

@KZVLJ]EE @ÕK.............................................. @KZVLJ]EE@ÕK .......................................................................... ............................................. ................. 5  LFBB MZ@WL ........................................... LF ....................................................................... ....................................................... .............................. ... :   CA VEL ZMÕV@EL ...... CAVEL ................................... ....................................................... ..................................................... ........................... =  MBMVE@E@L MB MVE@E@L A AXN XN@EA @EAZ@WL Z@WL ......... ..................................... ...................................................... ....................................... ............. 4  ELKEN]U@LK ELKEN ]U@LK..................................................................... ............................................................................................. ........................18  

6

 

@KZVLJ]EE@ÕK Nls curls slk lfras jmst`kajas a na elktmke`õk jm t`mrras mk dmkmran. Mk part`eunar pumjmk elktmkmr drakls, adua, mte. elcl rmsunta mv`jmktm mk nls curls qum sm mkeumktrak a na `ktmrpmr`m, na nnuv`a sm g`ntra a travàs jm na t`mrra y mktlkems mn curl pasa a slstmkmr nls mgmetls jm mcpubm jajls plr na t`mrra y plr mn adua, plr nl qum oafrá jm tmkmr mk eumkta mstm gaetlr mk euaktl a su eáneunl. Na ut`n`zae`õk jm curls jm elktmke`õk ms cuy grmeumktm mk tljl t`pl jm lfras. Mcpubms2 sm jmklc`ka mcpubm a na aee`õk qum nas t`mrras mbmremk slfrm mn curl, nls mcpubms pumjmk smr aet`vls y pas`vls. •

  Mcpubm aaet`vl et`vl (Ma)2 ms mmnn qum mbmrem na t`m t`mrra rra qum ms slstmk`ja plr mn curl y qqum um para j`eol g`k sm elkstruym mstm.

•

  Mcpubm pas`vl (Mp)2 mn mcpubm pas`vl elk elktrarrmsta trarrmsta na aee`õk jmn mcpubm aet`vl, y ms mn prljue`jl plr uk tmrrmkl qum afslrfm na aee`õk prljue`ja plr na mstruetura.

Nls curls slk lfras jmst`kajas a na elktmke`õk jm t`mrras mk dmkmran. Mk part`eunar pumjmk elktmkmr drakls, adua, mte. elcl rmsunta mv`jmktm mk nls curls qum sm mkeumktrak a na `ktmcpmr`m, na nnuv`a sm g`ntra a travàs jm na t`mrra y mktlkems mn curl pasa a slstmkmr nls mgmetls jm mcpubm jajls plr na t`mrra y plr mn adua, plr nl qum oafrá jm tmkmr mk eumkta mstm gaetlr mk euaktl a su eáneunl.   Na ut`n`zae`õk jm curls jm elktmke`õk ms cuy grmeumktm mk tljl t`pl jm lfras.  

5

 

LFBMZ@WL DMKMVAN •

  Mn anu anuckl ckl apn`ea apn`eará rá nls gukjacmktls jm nas prlp`mjajms ãkj`em y cmeák`eas jm nls sumnls para nls easls jm asmktac`mktls, eapae`jaj jm earda, mcpubms jm t`mrras, y mstaf`n`jaj jm tanujms.

•

MUXME@G@EL   Elklemr nls j`gmrmktms tàrc`kls dmltàek`els rmnae`lkajls elk na mstaf`n`jaj jm tanujms

•

  Vmelkle`c`mktl y akán`s`s jm nas eausas y gaetlrms qum leas`lkak na `kmstaf`n`jaj mk nls sumnls y tanujms.

•

  Mstuj`ar nnls ls j`gmrmktms t`pls jjmm gannas jm tanujms y nas glrca glrcass mk qum sm cak`g`mstak.

•

  Jmtmrc`kar mn t`pl jm cumstrml jjmpmkj`mkjl mpmkj`mkjl jmn t`pl jm sum sumnl9 nl9 para elklemr na ean`jaj jmn c`scl (pmrg`n mstrat`drág`el).

:

 

CAVEL ZMÕV@EL 1. 1.-- Jmg`k` Jmg`k`e`õk e`õk22 Ms uk càtljl drág`el qum pmrc`tm nnmdar gáe`ncmktm an vanlr jmn cáx`cl mcpubm mbmre`jl elktra uk curl plr uk rmnnmkl armklsl. Mn càtljl ms dmkmran y sm apn`ea a rmnnmkl jm euanqu`mr glrca. Adrmdajl a mnnl, pljmcls jme`r qum j`eol càtljl pumjm apn`earsm a euanqu`mr glrca jm na supmrg`e`m, ya qum, ms cás smke`nnl smke`nnl y ráp`jl qum „Na gõrcuna plr mcpubm jm Tmyraueo–.   Tmyraueo–. Ms usuan ut`n`zar mn càtljl para mn mcpubm jm curls jm elktmke`õk, nls euanms msták prmsmktms mk tljl t`pl jm lfras. Xmrl, para mnnl ms `cplrtaktm jmg`k`r mk quà elks`stm mn mcpubm y slfrmtljl sus t`pls2

-

Mcpubm2 Ms na aee`õk qum nas t`mrras mbmremk slfrm mn curl, pumjmk jarsm jm

-

jls cakmras2 aet`vls y pas`vls Mcpubm aet`vl aet`vl ()2 Ms mn qum mbmrem na t`mrra qum ms slstmk`ja plr mn curl y qum para j`eol g`k sm elkstruym mstm.

-

Mcpubm pas`vl pas`vl ()2 Ms mn qum elktrarrmsta na aee`õk jmn mcpubm aet`vl, y ms ms mn prljue`jl plr uk tmrrmkl qum afslrfm na aee`õk jaja plr na mstruetura.

6. Xrlemj`c`mktl2 Elks`stm mk trazar uka nãkma nnacaja „nãkma „nãkma jm  jm Euncakk–, Euncakk–, para  para su trazl sm prlemjm jm na s`du`mktm cakmra2   Um traza uka rmeta euanqu`mra AE, y sm jmtmrc`ka mn pmsl T jmn pr`sca qum •

t`mkm plr smee`õk na supmrg`e`m AFE, mstm pmsl nl pljmcls jmtmrc`kar plr cmj`l jm msta gõrcuna2

 

=

 

Jlkjm2 j2 na j`stake`a jm A, cmj`ja pmrpmkj`eunar a na nãkma FG. c2 na j`stake`a FE. w2 pmsl vlnucàtr`el jmn catmr`an jm rmnnmkl.

•

  Um mn`dm uka mseana jm gumrzas, rmprmsmktakjl a T plr uk vmetlr AE‐ slfrm mn trazl AG, y plr E‐ sm E‐ sm traza na rmeta E‐C E‐C qum  qum glrca elk na klrcan a AG uk ákdunl `duan an qum na j`rmee`õk j`rmee` õk jmn mcpubm glrca elk na olr`zlktan.

•

 

  Zmkmr mk eumkta qum, mn vmetlr E‐C rmprmsmkta mn mcpubm qum mn pr`sca elrrmsplkj`mktm an pnakl jm jmsn`zac`mktl jmn trazl AE, mbmrem slfrm mn parácmtrl AF.

•

 

  U` rmp rmpmt`cls mt`cls nl nlss trazls `kj`eajls mk na @nustrae`õk1 mk A Akmxls, kmxls, para ltras rm rmetas etas akánldas a na AE, elcl AJ, AM, mte. Lftmkmcls puktls akánldls an C, elcl mn puktl K, mte., mte. , qum uk`jls jak na nãk nãkma ma jm Euncakk ACK.

 

•

  Numdl trazacls na takdmktm a msta nãkma jjmm Euncakk qum ms pparanmna aranmna a AG y plr mn puktl jm takdmke`a U, trazacls t razacls UU‐ UU‐ paranmna  paranmna a E‐C, E‐C, c`j`mkjl  c`j`mkjl mk na mseana jm gumrzas UU‐ kls ja mn vanlr jmn mcpubm mcpubm cáx`cl.  cáx`cl.

7

 

 

MBMVE@E@L MBMVE@E@ L AXN AXN@EAZ@WL @EAZ@WL Uma uk curl jm elktmke`õk tan t an elcl mn `kj`eajl mk na g`dura aktmr`lr para elktmkmr ukas t`mrras jm pmsl mspmeãg`el ε 36888 id/c5. Jm χ3 := drajls y κ318 drajls. Vman`zarmcls nls eáneunls plr cmtrl n`kman jm curl. (para 1 c jm akeol uk`tar`l) uk`tar`l) 

4

 

?

 

Omcls j`v`j`jl mn tmrrmkl mk sm`s partms, euakjl mk rman`jaj y s` ms qum sm prmtmkjm caylr aprlx`cae`õk sm pumjm j`v`j`r mk taktas elcl sm qu`mra, kl lfstaktm, mk nãkmas dmkmranms uka j`v`s`õk jm leol partms ε e sumnm jar fumka aprlx`cae`õk.  ]ka vmz jmtmrc`kajls nls pmsls jm nls j`gmrmktms pr`scas jm tmrrmkl sm nnmvak a na mseana `kj`eaja jm gumrzas y slfrm na nãkma jm tanuj katuran nls vanlrms jm nas gumrzas, lftmk`mkjl asã nls puktls, B1, B6, B5, B:, B=. Xlr eaja ukl jm mstls puktls sm trazak paranmnas a na nãkma jm j`rmee`õk oasta qum elrtmk nas nãkmas FE1, FE6, FE5, FE:, FE= lftmk`mkjl asã nls puktls K1, K6, K5, K:, K=. Mstls ònt`cls puktls sm ukmk cmj`aktm uka eurva tan elcl sm `kj`ea mk na gg`dura. `dura. Elkstru`ja na eurva sm traza uka takdmktm a j`eoa eurva qum sma paranmna a na nãkma nã kma jmn tanuj katuran tan elcl sm `kj`ea. Xlr mn puktl jm takdmke`a sm traza tr aza aolra uka paranmna a na nãkma jm j`rmee`õk lftmk`àkjlsm jm msta glrca nls puktls B" y K" (pr`cas). Mn mcpubm slfrm mn curl vmkjrá jajl plr mn vanlr jmn smdcmktl B"K" cmj`jl elk na mseana jm gumrzas. Mk mn mbmcpnl e`tajl B"K"3 6.1ec plr nl qum mn vanlr jmn mcpubm slfrm j`eol curl sm lft`mkm qum2 Mcpu bm3 6.1 x 5 3 7. Mcpubm3 7.5 5 tlk tlkmnajas mnajas Mn prlfnmca qum sm pnaktma aolra ms mn puktl jm apn`eae`õk jm mstm mcpubm. Xmrl mstl kl lgrmem j`g`euntaj an elklemrsm mn vanlr jmn ákdunl κ318  drajls qum ms mn ákdunl κ318 drajls jm rlzac`mktl mktrm tmrrmkl y curl. Elcl sm safm qum mn mcpubm antura a 1/5 jm na antura jmn curl, plr smr uka j`str`fue`õk tr`akdunar mn j`adraca jm mcpubm. Uu rmprmsmktae`õk ms `kcmj`ata. Aktms jm rmprmsmktar mn mcpubm `ktmrprmtarmcls nl qum aktmr`lrcmktm sm oa `kj`eajl. Um ajc`tm qum na j`str`fue`õk jmn mcpubm ms n`kman, s`mkjl mn mcpubm tltan na rmsuntaktm jm ukas prms`lkms qum sm j`str`fuymk mk tlja na antura mk glrca n`kman. mk na elrlkae`õk jmn curl mn mcpubm ms kunl y aneakza su cáx`cl vanlr mk na fasm. Na j`str`fue`õk ms elcl sm `kj`ea mk na g`dura.

0

 

ELKEN]U@LK Nas tmlrãas y càtljls jm eáneunl mxpumstas atrabmrlk atmke`õk jm partm jm tljls nls `kdmk`mrls euyas práet`eas, oasta mktlkems e`mdacmktm mcpãr`eas, grmeumktmcmktm eunc`kafak mk graeasls, y jmsjm mktlkems su `kgnumke`a oa s`jl kltlr`a mk mn eacpl tmõr`el `kenus`vm oasta kumstrls jãas. Nas tmlrãas jm raki`kd gumrlk jm drak ayuja para elcprmkjmr nls akán`s`s jm eáneunls, asã elcl nls jm Zmrzadu` y Elunlcf. Pa elk tljls mstls jatls v`stls mk msta uk`jaj, klsltrls smrmcls eapasms jm jar slnue`lkms a nls j`vmrsls prlfnmcas qum tmkdacls mk mn akán`s`s jm sumnls euakjl mstàk mbmre`mkjl mcpubms l nnacasm prms`lkms slfrm mstrueturas omeoas plr mn olcfrm.

18