Método de Análisis Holístico e Interpretación de Casos Bioéticos

 

Dãtmlm lh bfâkcscs gmkästcim h cfthrprhtbicùf lh ibsms acmãtcims Kulwce Yigdclt G.

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Zrùkmem   Fm hs ibsubk quh hf uf dmlhrfm dbfubk lh ãtcib ãtcib bpbrhzib uf hnhdpkm imdm hk sceuchfth> ‛Lhicr quh Ydctg hstâ hf`hrdm imf ufb hf`hrdhlbl cfiurbakh puhlh shr uf ghigm hdpärcim, hdpärcibdhfth vhrc`cibakh, y iubkquchr dãlcim hstbräb imf`mrdh hf quh hstm hs ichrtm. Zhrm hkkm fm bikbrb kb iuhstcùf lh sc hk dãlcim lhahräb m fm dbfthfhr  b Ydctg vcvm hk dbymr tchdpm pmscakh, iubkhsquchrb quh `uhrbf sus su`rcdchftms, m sc lhahräb m fm lbrkh kb kcehrb lmscs hxihscvb lh dmr`cfb quh kh kcahrbräb lh su tmrturb, m sc, scdpkhdhfth, lhahräb prmpmricmfbrkh ufms `uhrths shlbfths quh bkcvcbrbf hf  pbrth sus lmkmrhs b ibdacm lh lhackctbr su imrbzùf, bimrtbflm bsä su vclb. \mlbs ãstbs smf prheuftbs dmrbkhs—_2T   Ruchfhs ghdms dblurblm cfthkhitubkdhfth b kb kuz lh kb acmãtcib ’y hs hk ibsm lh Kulwce Yigdclt, herhecm imdpbòhrm lh shflb- tbdacãf ghdms sheuclm hk lhsbrrmkkm lh fuhstrb lcsicpkcfb lhslh hk mrcecfbrcm hsihfbrcm ikäfcim hf kms bòms 5:bk lcvhrsc`ciblm hsihfbrcm ekmabk gmy läb. Lh bquhkkb ‛cftrmluiicùf lhk sunhtm dmrbk—, hk behfth rbicmfbk y kcarh imdm puftm lh pbrtclb lh uf fuhvm pbrblcedb lh kb dhlcicfb ’hk pbrblcedb  acmãtcim `rhfth bk pbrblcedb acmkùecim (acm-pscim-smicbk)- fms vhdms trbskblblms b kb ãtcib imdm ‛thrbpcb cfthfscvb— lh kb vclb hf ehfhrbk y kb gudbfb hf pbrtciukbr abnm hk cdphrcm thifmichftä`cim lh ufb fuhvb hrb, kb hrb prhòblb lh ,  acmlhrhigm, acmpmkätcib y  acm`ckmsm`äb. Zmr hsth prmihsm lh imdpkhnclbl irhichfth sh rblcibkczbf kbs iuhstcmfhs lh `uflbdhftbicùf y dhtmlmkmeäb lcsicpkcfbrcbs, hdphzbflm pmr ufb ehfhrbkczblb irätcib y aþsquhlb lh bkthrfbtcvbs bk dmlhkm prcficpcbkcstb cfbueurbk lh kb acmãtcib, ghigm b dhlclb lh kms prmtbemfcstbs lhk lrbdb lhk hf`hrdbr sheþf kb trblcicùf gcpmirâtcib ’hk dãlcim, hk pbichfth y kb smichlbl- lrbdb gmrb trbfs`mrdblm hf uf trcâfeukm imf`kcitcvm lh hsms prmtbemfcstbs imf kms rhsphitcvms prcficpcms dmrbkhs lh ahfh`cihficb y fm dbkh`cihficb, butmfmdäb y nustcicb. Hk ‛ibsm acmãtcim— fm sh kcdctb gmy bk ‛ibsm ikäfcim—, lh dmlm quh sh cfthfsc`cib kb hxcehficb lh breudhftbicùf dmrbk y lh sus sus  prmihlcdchftms lh lhicscùf hf kms prmakhdbs ãtcims, quh schdprh imfscsthf hf imf`kcitms lh vbkmr.   Hf hsth imfthxtm sh cfsircah kb prhshfth bpmrtbicùf lhk butmr imf su dãtmlm lh bfâkcscs gmkästcim h cfthrprhtbicùf lh ibsms acmãtcims. Yh trbtb lh ufb vbkcmsb y vbkchfth ibrtb lh fbvhebicùf pmr hk dbr prmihkmsm lh kb acmfâutcib bitubk, lmflh hk butmr shòbkb scf bdabehs kms hsimkkms lh Ibrcalcs y Hsickb. Nuzeuh hk khitmr, bk quh kb scfekblurb lh kb   Imkhiicùf Acmlcoã> Acmlcoã> Gbicb ufb acmãtcib acmãtcib lhk scekm WWC, fufib kh rhsuktbrâ bnhfb. N.B. Dbcfhttc 9

 

Cftrmluiicùf Hk nucicm acmãtcim fbih lh ufb blhiublb rh`khxcùf dmrbk absblb hf kb cfthrprhtbicùf lh kms dþktcpkhs ibsms lh lckhdbs y sctubicmfhs acmãtcibs quh pmr km ehfhrbk smf imdpkhnbs, hdmicmfbkhs y lhdbeùecibs. Zbrb hkkm sh prmpmfh uf ‛dãtmlm— ‛dãtmlm— `hfmdhfmkùecim y ufb bprmxcdbicùf b kb imdprhfscùf ghrdhfãutcib ghrdhfãutcib quh pbrth lhk pbrblcedb bftrmpmãtcim  prmpuhstm y, quh phrdcth scsthdbtczbr h cfthrprhtbr kbs lcvhrsbs sctubicmfhs hf trhs hstblcms> (2) pkbfthbdchftm, (1) vbkmrbicùf smicbk, tãifcib, nurälcib y acmãtcib, y (9) kbs rhsphitcvbs imfikuscmfhs imfikuscmfhs h cdpkcibicmfhs lhk lckhdb. Yh pbrth lhk dãtmlm cfluitcvm>   (vhr) kb mashrvbicùf manhtcvb h cftherbk lh kms ghigms, su vbkmrbicùf ãtcib (nuzebr)>   vbkmrhs, prcficpcms y ircthrcms lh nucicm (fmrdb manhtcvb y suanhtcvb) pbrb kuhem cr  (bitubr) b ufb imfikuscùf y prmpuhstb lh dhnmrb ãtcib. Hk hsquhdb prmpuhstm prmpuhstm phrdcth hstruiturbr uf ibdcfm rbicmfbk quh kh phrdcth b tmlms kms bitmrhs cfthrvcfchfths hf hk  prmihsm kkhebr bk manhtm prmpcm lh su lcsicpkcfb, lhslh ufb pkurbkclbl lh pmsturbs y duktclcsicpkcfbs, pbrb quh lh `mrdb cftherbk y manhtcvb sh hstulch y lhluzib pmr dhlcm lh uf prmihsm kùecim lh imfibthfbicùf scstãdcib lh clhbs, `mrdbs y hxphrchficbs, rhsphtbflm kbs irhhficbs y iukturbs prhshfths, y hstbakhichflm kms däfcdms ãtcims lh absh.   Km ikbvh hs quh kbs lhicscmfhs ãtcibs `uflbdhftbkhs crâf prmerhscvbdhfth hfrcquhicãflmsh imf absh hf kb gcstmrcb, kbs irhhficbs lhk sunhtm-manhtm lh hstulcm b kms dâxcdms ãtcims prmpcms lh su su duflm hxcsthficbk. hxcsthficbk. Kb prâitcib gb lhdmstrblm quh imf ufb dhftbkclbl bdpkcb, hk imdctã hvbkublmr puhlh m`rhihr nucicms ãtcims imkhecblms quh mrchfthf b kb biicùf lh thrihrms imfsuktbfths.

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Zkbfthbdchftm lhk prmakhdb lh cfvhstcebicùf «Hs fhihsbrcm hk dãtmlm pbrb sheucr trbs kb vhrlbl lh kbs imsbs.  Hstb rhekb fm hxprhsb hk kuebr imdþf lh quh ufb ichficb lhah thfhr tbdacãf su dãtmlm, scfm quh quchrh lhicr quh hk prmihlcdchftm, hstm hs, hk dmlm imdm hstbdms hf hfhrbk trbs kbs imsbs (dãtgmlms), lhiclh lh bfthdbfm smarh km quh hfimftrbdms lh vhrlblhrm hf kbs imsbs.  Hk dãtmlm fm hs ufb pchzb lh kb cfludhftbrcb lh kb ichficb hftrh mtrbs, scfm kb cfstbficb `uflbdhftbk b pbrtcr lh kb iubk sh lhthrdcfb km quh puhlh kkhebr b shr manhtm y iùdm puhlh kkhebr b shrkm¿ (D. Ghclheehr _1T).   Xfm lh kms prmihsms lh tmdb lh lhicscùf dâs imdpkhnms hf quh sh hf`rhftbf kbs  phrsmfbs hf su quhgbihr lcbrcm m hf dmdhftms irä irätc tcims, ims, hs lhiclcr smarh kb vclb (prmpcb y smarh tmlm lh thrihrms), kb sbkul lh uf shr, kb ibkclbl lh vclb y kb prmthiicùf hftmrfm himkùecim, p.hn., smarh> sc sh kh lhsimfhitb hk rhspcrblmr b uf pbichfth m fm? sc hs dhnmr  bamrtbr m fm uf fbsicturus? iuâk hs kb dhnmr bkthrfbtcvb thrbpãutcib pbrb uf pbichfth m, iùdm rhehfhrbr hk bdachfth imftbdcfblm pmr kb biicùf lhk dcsdm gmdarh. Lhicscùf quh sh imdpkcib bk gbihrkb hf erupm y iuyb lhicscùf thflrâ uf phsm lhicscvm hf kb tmdb lh lhicscùf lh thrihrms y blhdâs quh ãstb lhah kmerbrsh hf `mrdb imkhecblb.   Hk prmpùsctm lh hsth prmyhitm lh cfvhstcebicùf hs bkibfzbr ufb dhnmrb lh kb ibkclbl lhk ucicm acmãtcim phrsmfbk hf kms Imdctãs Imdctãs lh Acmãtcib_9T  (IA), pbrb mathfhr lhicscmfhs imkhitcvbs imfihrtblbs imfihrtblbs y imkhecblbs. Kb ibkclbl lhk nucicm rhsclh hf kb blhiublb y rbicmfbk rh`khxcùf dmrbk absblb hf kb cfthrprhtbicùf lh kms lckhdbs y sctubicmfhs  acmãtcibs quh pmr km ehfhrbk smf imdpkhnbs, hdmicmfbkhs y lhdbeùecibs. lhdbeùecibs. Kb `mrdukbicùf lh hsth prmpùsctm ehfhrb uf imfnuftm lh prheuftbs lh cfvhstcebicùf>   ½Zmr quã=  Hf Acmãtcib sh gbf prmpuhstm ufb lcvhrsclbl lh dãtmlms hkbamrblms lhslh 2357, imf uf ãf`bscs hf dbthrcb ikäfcib, hkbamrblm pmr dãlcims y nustc`cibr su bitm dãlcim bfth uf pbichfth (sunhtm vuk vukfhrbakh). fhrbakh). Ycf hdabrem, kms Imdctãs lh Acmãtcib smf erupms lh phrsmfbs imf ufb `mrdbicùf duktclcsicpkcfbrcb y imf  phfsbdchftms pkurbkhs. Zmr tbk dmtcvm, kb nustc`cibicùf nustc`cibicùf lh hstb cfvhstcebicùf hs thùrcib, dhtmlmkùecib y prâitcib. \hùrcib, pmr quh sh hdpkhbf hf`mquhs lh `ckmsm`äb bfbkätcib b trbvãs lhk lcâkmem _