Metode Kritis Socrates Plato

 

Fgtihg Er`t`s Tidrntgs hnl ]cnti Hisgl ]glanfpu; Hr. O. F. Tuyuh`, F.Na 

H`susul Icgo; Fio Bnsir`

]nsdn Tnrknln ]glh`h`enl Nanfn @scnf Tgfgstgr > @LTX@XWX NANFN @TCNF TWLNL A@R@ (@LTWR@) ]ILIRIAI 2=>:

 

Hgj`l`s` Fgtihg •

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Entn fgtihg bgrnsnc hnr` entn Pulnl` – Fgtoihis‖  Fgtoihis‖,, snfbulanl entn hgpnl fgtn fgtn ynla  ynla nrt`lyn –fgluku, fgcncu`, fgla`eut`, sgsuhno‖ hnl entn bglhn oihis ynla nrt`lyn –kncnl,  pgrkncnlnl, dnrn, nrno‖. Knh` fgtihg nhncno cnlaeno-cnlaeno ynla h`nfb`c fglurut urutnl tgrtgltu ultue fglagtnou` pglagtnounl ynla bglnr bglnr..

 

Fgtihg Er`t`s Tidrntgs hnl ]cnti •

Tgdnrn onrj`no, er`t`e bgrnrt` – pgf`snonl  pgf`snonl‖. ‖. ]r`ls`p hnr` fgtihg `l` nhncno bgrs`jnt nlnc`sn `st`cno hnl pglhnpnt. Fgtihg `l` h`egfbnlaenl icgo sierntgs hnl pcnti. ]gf`e`rnl sierntgs  bgrpusnt pnhn fnlus`n ynla fglynlaeut ego`hupnl sgonr`onr`. D`r` cn`l pgf`e`rnl Tierntgs nhncno @lh`v`hunc`sfglyn ynla kgcns. ]glagtnounllyn h`nfb`c hnr` dnrn bgrj`e`r rns`ilnc gailyn sglh`r`, yn`tu h`r` ynla tgrpnlhnla tgrp`sno snfn sgenc` hnr` c`laeulanl ncnf hnl sis`nclyn.

 

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Fgtihg `l` bgrs`jnt prnet`s hnl h`kncnlenl hncnf pgrdnenpnl pgrdnenpnl. Tidrntgs t`hne fglygc`h`e` jnetn-jnetn, fgcn`lenl `n fglanlnc`s`s sgbnan` pglhnpnt ntnu nturnl-nturnl ynla h`egfuenenl irnla.

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F`snclyn sgirnla lganrnwnl fgfpulyn` pglhnpnt tgrtgltu fglagln` egnoc`nllyn, egpnhn fgrgen hnl egpnhn wnran

lganrn Ntogln cn`llyn, Tidrntgs fglankuenl pgrtnlynnl pgrtnlynnl fglagln` pgegrknnl fgrgen hnl sinc-sinc prnet`s hncnf o`hup sgirnla fnlus`n.

 

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Fgtihg Tidrntgs tgrsgbut b`nsnlyn h`sgbut h`ncgetn enrgln h`ncia ntnu wnwnldnrn fgfpulyn` pgrnl one`e` h`hncnflyn. Hglanl dnrn h`ncia tgrsgbut Tidrntgs fglgfuenl suntu dnrn  bgrp`e`r `lhues`, fnesuhlyn bgrhnsnrenl bgbgrnpn  pglagtnounl fglagln` fnsncno-fnsncno eousus fgfgpricgo egs`fpucnl pglagtnounl ynla bgrs`jnt ufuf.

 

]ieie-]ieie Fgtihg Er`t`s Tidrntgs hnl ]cnti •

Bgbgrnpn pieie p`e`rnl fgtihg er`t`s Tierntgs nltnrn cn`l;  —

Fgtihg er`t`s fgrupnenl nlnc`s`s `st`cno hnl pglhnpnt hncnf prisgs h`ncia hncnf ego`hupnl sgonr`-onr`, bn`e fglynlaeut jglifgln sis`nc ntnu jglifgln ncnf.

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Fgtihg er`t`s fgrupnenl ogrfglgut`en, ynla fglkgcnsenl egyne`lnl, hnl fgfpgrc`ontenl pgrtgltnlanl hncnf h`ncia. H`sgbut fgtihg er`t`s enrgln fnlus`n h`tultut ultue tgrus fglaer`t`s` sgancn sgsuntu ynla h`snes`enl, h`rnsnenl hglanl bgrtnlyn hnl bgrh`ncia nltnr `lh`v`hu hncnf prisgs ego`hupnllyn.

 

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Bgbgrnpn pieie p`e`rnl fgtihg er`t`s hnr` j`cisij ]cnti nltnrn cn`l; 

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Fgtihg j`cisij`s pnc`la utnfn nhncno h`ncia, hnl egfnfpunl bgrh`ncia fgrupnenl sgl` fnlus`nw` ynla  pnc`la t`laa`. ]cnti fgfpgreglncenl h`ncia-h`ncia hglanl fglygbut ‟h`ncia tglano‐ ntnu ntnu ‟fgtihg o`pitgs`s‐. Fglurut ]cnti, egbglnrnl ufuf (hgj`l`s`) `tu buenl h`bunt hglanl dnrn h`ncia ynla `lhuet`j (sgpgrt` pglhnpnt Tierntgs), pglagrt`nl ufuf (hgj`l`s`) `tu suhno tgrsgh`n h` ‟snln‐ yn`tu h` ‟‟ncnf ncnf `hgn‐.

 

EGT@F]WCNL •

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Fgtihg nhncno cnlaeno-cnlaeno ynla h`nfb`c fglurut urutnl tgrtgltu ultue fglagtnou` pglagtnounl ynla bglnr  Fgtihg Tidrntgs hnl ]cnti `l` h`sgbut fgtihg er`t`s, sgbnb prisgs ynla tgrknh`irnla. hncnfFglgc`t` `fpc`ens`lyn nhncno fglkgrl`oenl egyne`lnl npnenl fgf`c`e` eis`stgls` egyne`lnl`ltgrl ntnu t`hne. Neo`r hnr` h`ncia er`t`s tgrsgbut nhncno pgru pgrufusnl fusnl hgj`l`s` ynla suhno fgrupnenl suntu aglgrnc`sns`.

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]ieie p`e`rnl Tidrntgs fgtihg `l` bgrs`jnt prnet`s hnl h`kncnlenl hncnf pgrdnenpnl-pgrdnenpnl. Tghnlaenl ]cnti Fgtihg j`cisij`s  pnc`la utnfn nhncno h`ncia, hnl egfnfpunl bgrh`ncia fgrupnenl sgl` fnlus`nw` ynla pnc`la t`laa`. Tgbglnrlyn fgtihg ]cnti fgrupnenl pgrcunsnl ntnu pglygfpurlnnl fgtihg er`t`s aurulyn yn`tu Tierntgs.

 

RGJGRGLT@ •

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Bneegr, Nltil. >0?8. >0?8. Fgtihg-Fgtihg  Fgtihg-Fgtihg J`csnjnt . Knenrtn; Aonc`n @lhilgs`n. X`f Hisgl J`csnjnt @cfu Jneuctns J`csnjnt WAF. 2==4. J`csnjnt 2==4.  J`csnjnt  @cfu. Piaynenrtn; C`bgrty.  @cfu. Tuhnrsili. >004. @cfu >004. @cfu J`csnjnt Tuntu Tu ntu ]glanltnr . Knenrtn; R`lgen D`ptn. X`f pglyusul FEH @N@L Tulnl Nfpgc Turnbnyn. 2=>>.  ]glanltnr J`csnjnt. Turnbnyn; @N@L Tulnl Nfpgc ]rgss. Turnk`yi. 2==?. J`csnjnt 2==?. J`csnjnt @cfu; ]gregfbnlanllyn ]gre gfbnlanllyn h` @lhilgs`n Tuntu ]glanltnr . Knenrtn; Buf` Nesnrn. Xnjs`r, Nofnh. 2=>4. J`csnjnt 2=>4. J`csnjnt @cfu. @cfu . Bnlhula; Rgfnkn Rishnenryn.