metalografia del cobre.docx
Short Description
Download metalografia del cobre.docx...
Description
Facultad de Ingeniería Industrial y de Sistemas
INGENIERIA DE MATERIALES SECCION: V
AVANCE Nº 01 “ESTUDIO METALOGRAFICO DEL COBRE”
PROFESOR: ING. AGÜERO MAURICIO, ALFREDO ROLANDO
AL ALUMNOS
FECHA
:
MENDOZA YUCRA JUAN CARLOS
20102033J
PALPAN RICRA, MARVIN
20100358I
REFULIO HU HUERTA GIANCARLO
20110058
: 30 !" #$%&' !"( 2015
INTRODUCCIÓN:
Universidad Nacional de Ingeniería Facultad de Ingeniería Industrial y de Sistemas
)I%*" )I%*"+ +&&-/ /& &% % !"( !"( /' /'" ",, "+ $% "* "*" " # #' ' 4$" 4$" /'%+ /'%+&+ &+" " &% &%/& /& (( 6 7$%!"%("%", "% !"%%'+ $% '/' "% (+ //"9+&/+ 6 ' "%!" (&//&'%"+ 4$" /$(" "( /'" $%!&("%". A/"'+ $%'+ /'': &+'&, //"9+&/+ '&+ !"( "(""%', /''%"%"+, '&"!!"+ !"( &+', ( 7' !" '"%/&%, &(&//&'%"+ "% "( '-%&+' $%' 6 *"-"( ; "*""%"< "/... E+ ' "+' 4$" '"'+ *&!'+ $%'+ 6 +"'+ ' "(('+ '%!' +'("%", (' "("%" &'%" %'+'+.
EL COBRE “Estudio metalográfco del cobre”
Pág. 1
Universidad Nacional de Ingeniería Facultad de Ingeniería Industrial y de Sistemas
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
COMPUESTOS: &!' !" /'" ;I", 4$" +" $&(&> "% ( 7&//&% !" +"! &7&/&( S$(7' !" /'" ;II< ;*&&'(' >$(% "+'+ =/&!'+ /'' !"/%"+ ;=/&!' +$(7B&/'< 6 &((%!'"+ ;=/&!' %9&/'$( *"!'+'. E++ +("+ +'% $6 /'$%"+ "% ('+ =%'!'+ !" ('+ /$$(!'"+ !" ('' 4$" +" "("% "% ('+ $'*&("+. E( =/&!' /9&/' !&+$"(*" "( &!' !" /'", ' (' 4$" +" (&/ (&& +$"7&/&"+ !" /'", ($+%!' "( "( 6 7'%!' /&' !" /'". S& !"+$@+ !" (&& "( /'" /'% =/&!' /9&/', +" *$"(*" $&(&> "( &+' ' (&& +$"7&/&"+ !" ('', "( ('' +" = !" $% / ""% !" /&' !" /'" 6 /&' !" ('' /'% $% /'(' '#&>' 6 %"-'.
Pro!"#$#"% /!o2!($% E% (+ (%+, "( /'" '+"" $% &'%" "( "% "( '/"+' !" ( 7''+9%"+&+ 6 7' " !" ( /''+&/&% !" ( (+'/&%&%. A("!"!' !"( K0 !"( /'" !" $% (% "+= "+"%" "% ( /(''7&(, &%/&("%" "% ('+ /(''(+'+. L'+ &"'+ +9%'+ "% (+ (%+ ' !"7&/&"%/& !" /'" "/"% "% 7' !" '#+ "+"/+ 6 "'/&!+, !"=+ !" $%+ (%4$"/&%+. L+ %9/$(+ 6 (+ *&%+ $"!"% "/" */9+ ' $% “Estudio metalográfco del cobre”
Pág. 4
Universidad Nacional de Ingeniería Facultad de Ingeniería Industrial y de Sistemas
!"7&/&"%/& +"*" !" /'", '/+&'%%!' -*"+ @!&!+ "/'%&/+ "% ( /&*&!! -9/'(. E( /'" /'%&$6" ( 7'/&% !" -($('+ '#'+ 6 ( %"%&&"%' !" ('+ *+'+ +%-$9%"'+, %"*&'+, +&+" &%$%&&' 6 $"+'+ 6 ' %' "+ "+"%/&( ( *&! $%. E( /'" +" "%/$"% "% (-$%+ "%>&+ /'' ( /&'/'' / '&!+, ( (&+&( '&!+ 6 ( +$"&!' !&+$+. E( !"+"4$&(&&' !" /'" "% "( '-%&+' /$%!' +" '!$/" "% 7' "/"+&* '/+&'% $% "%7""!! "=&/ /'%'/&! /'' "%7""!! !" &(+'%, "( '&-"% !" "+ "%7""!! "+ ""!&&', 6 " !"( +'%' "=&/' 4$" '/+&'% &@% ! ( +&+" %"*&'+'. S" !" $% "%7""!! '/' /'B%. P$"!" '!$/&+" !"7&/&"%/& !" /'" "% %&'+ /'% $% !&" '" "% /(/&', "+"/&("%" +& "+"%% !&"+ ' !"+%$&/&%. T&@% 6 "%7""!!"+ 4$" !&+&%$6"% ( +'/&% !" /'", /'' ( "%7""!! /"(&/, ( 7&'+&+ 4$9+&/ ' ( (("* !&"+ "+&/&*+. E( /'" +" "%/$"% "% $% -% /%&!! !" (&"%'+ &$("+ !" ( !&" ("+ /'' '++, &+/'+, ("-$"+, *9+/"+ 6 %$"/"+ "%" ''+, !"=+ !"( -$ '(" 6 ' (' %' "+ $6 ' 4$" +" '!$>/ $% !"7&/&"%/& !" /'" "% "( '-%&+'.
ALEACIONES DEL COBRE D"+!" "( $%' !" *&+ 79+&/', "( /'" $' '+"" $6 #' (9&" "(=+&/' ;33 MP< 6 $% !$"> "+/+ ;3 "% ( "+/( !" M'+ ' 50 "% ( "+/( !" V&/"+!'. E% 79', ('+ (&%-'"+ '"%&!'+ +" !"7'% (=+&/"%" '!$/&"%!' (=&%+, *&((+ ' +" /'% "% &+ +$+/"&("+ !" "+&+" 7&/ ("+. S$ !"%+&!! !""%!" !" +$ /''+&/&% 6 -"%"("%" '%! "%" 8,? -/ 6 8,K -/.
L+ //"9+&/+ !" ('+ ('%"+ !""%!"% !" ( ''/&% !" "(""%'+ 4$" &%"*"%-% "% ( ("/&% !" ( 7' 4$" (-$%'+ &'+ !" (% +'% ("("+ B%&/"%" "% 79', ''+ "/($+&*"%" "% /(&"%", 6 (-$%'+ %' (' +'% %&%-$% ""$. T'!'+ ('+ &'+ !" ('%"+ +" *$"(*"% 4$"!&>'+ /$%!' +" /(&"%% $% ""$ & ( $%' !" 7$+&%. E( (% "+ =+ !$' 4$" "( /'", "' 7=/&( !" "/%&>, - 6 7$%!&. E+ "+&+"%" ( '&!/&%, (+ /'%!&/&'%"+ +(&%+ 6 "+ ("(", ' (' 4$" $"!" (&%+" "% (%/+ 7&%+. S$ ("&(&!! *9 ( ""$ 6 /'% ( "+"%/&, &%/($+' "% /%&!!"+ 9%&+, !" ''+ "("+ "% +$ /''+&/&%. U% "4$"' '" !" ('' "% ( /''+&/&% !"( (% "#' ( 4$&%&(&!! '4$" 7/&(& ( 7-"%/&% !" (+ *&$+ "% "( "/%&>!'. E( ('' &@% &"%" $% "7"/' ($&/%" ' +$ #' $%' !" 7$+&%, (' 4$" "&" ("%&> "( !"+-+" !" ( "&"% !" /'". E( (% !&" '/'+ &"%'+ @&/'+ 6 B%&/"%" +" "(&>% "/'/&!'+ !" ''-"%"&>/&% 6 "/&+(&>/&%. E( (% &"%" $% /'(' &((' &((%", /'% "/&!' ( '', //"9+&/ 4$" "+ '*"/! "% #'6"9, "+"/&("%" "% &+$"9, 6 "% "( -(*%&>!' !" "(""%'+ !"/'&*'+. L+ (&//&'%"+ !" ('+ ('%"+ /% ''+ /'+ $6 !&*"+'+, /'' "%', /(!""9, +'(!!$, 7&//&% !" ("+, $'+ !" /'%!"%+!'"+ 6 "&%("+ "(@/&/'+. C'' %' "+ /!' ' "( -$ +(!, +" $+ &@% "% (+ /'%+$//&'%"+ !" /'+ 6 "% "4$&'+ "+4$"'+ 6 &%'+.
“Estudio metalográfco del cobre”
Pág. 6
Universidad Nacional de Ingeniería Facultad de Ingeniería Industrial y de Sistemas
E( (% %' '!$/" /&++ ' &/' "/=%&/', $% '&"!! 9&/ "% (+ ("/&'%"+. E+ //"9+&/ /'%*&"" ( (% "% $% "&( &'%" "% ( 7&//&% !" "%*+"+ ( %&$(/&% !" /'$"+'+ &%7(("+, /"&(('+ !" (&&"> !" "("+ 6 "% 6'+.
Bro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
“Estudio metalográfco del cobre”
Pág. 7
Universidad Nacional de Ingeniería Facultad de Ingeniería Industrial y de Sistemas
'+ (&//&'%"+ !'%!" +" "4$&"" ( "+&+"%/& ( /''+&% /'' '!""+ !" $&%+ ' *=(*$(+ !" '+,
"%" ''+ "(""%'+ !" =4$&%+. E% (-$%+ (&//&'%"+ "(@/&/+ "+ $&(&>!' "% "+'"+ .
A$($ 3C4N!45+6 L+ (/+ ' (+ ("%+ +'% ("/&'%"+ !" /'", %94$"( ;N&< 6 >&%/ ;Z% !" ( ("6 !" ('+ &%"("+. L'+ 6/&&"%'+ !" /'" /'%&"%"% -"%"("%" /'%/"%/&'%"+ $6 #+ !"( "(. X+ "+ ( /$+ !" 4$" $/+ !" (+ !&+&%+ 7+"+ !" '!$//&% "%-% ' '#"' ( "(&&%/&% !" &$">+.
“Estudio metalográfco del cobre”
Pág. 9
Universidad Nacional de Ingeniería Facultad de Ingeniería Industrial y de Sistemas
M",$r2!$ #" (o/r" L "($-& !"( /'" !""%!" !" 4$" "( &%"( +" "+"%" "% 7' !" +$(7$'+ ' !" &!'+ ;/$'+' $ /B&/' $6 '/' '4$" ( /+& '(&!! !" /'%/"%!'+ !" /'" +" "%/$"% 7'%!' +$(7$'+, +&"%!' ( '!$//&% $%!&( "+&! !" "/$"/&% !" "+&!$'+ "% '%' ( 15 !" ( '(&!! !" /'" '!$/&!'. “Estudio metalográfco del cobre”
Pág. 10
Universidad Nacional de Ingeniería Facultad de Ingeniería Industrial y de Sistemas
TRATAMIENTOS TERMICOS EN EL COBRE Y SUS ALEACIONES A(-$%+ ("/&'%"+ !" /'" $"!"% "%!$"/"+" ' "!&' !" $% &"%' @&/' +'($/&% 6 '+"&' "/&&/&% ;"%*"#"/&&"%'< 6 ($"-' $"!"% +'""+" $% '"/&% !" !&+&%$/&% !" "+7$">'+ ' "/'/&!'. L+ ("/&'%"+ &'%"+ !" /'" 4$" $"!"% "%!$"/"+" ' "%*"#"/&&"%', ' "/&&/&% +'% "( /'""&(&', "( '%/" ( ($&%&', ( /'"%94$"( 7'+7'', "( /'" ( /'' , "( /'" ( >&/'%&', "/ L'+ '/"+'+ !" &"%' @&/' +" (&/% ( /'" 6 +$+ ("/&'%"+ !$%" "( '/"+' !" 7&//&%, "+'+ &%/($6"%: • • • • •
''-"%"&>/&%, "/'/&!', (&*&' !" "%+&'%"+, &"%' !" !&+'($/&% "%!$"/&&"%' ' "%*"#"/&&"%', "(" 6 "*"%&!'.
HOMOGENEI5ACIÓN: E+ $% '/"+' "% ( /$( ('+ "("+ +'% +'"&!'+, !$%" &"' '('%-!', (+ ""$+ /'% "( 7&% !" "!$/& ( +"-"-/&% 6 &/' +"-"-/&% 4$" '/$" /'' "+$(!' %$( !" ( +'(&!&7&//&% !" (-$%+ ("/&'%"+. S" (&/ (+ ("/&'%"+ !" /'" /'% "( 7&% !" "#' ( !$/&(&!! "% 7&' 6 "% /(&"%" !" ('+ "/'+ "( '/"+' !" (&%/&% 6 '/+&'%("%" +" $+ "% (+ &">+ */&!+ ('- "4$"&&"%'+ "+"/97&/'+ !" !$">, !$/&(&!! 6 "%/&!!. L ''-"%"&>/&% "+ "4$"&! "+"%/&("%" "% (+ ("/&'%"+ 4$" &"%"% %-'+ (&'+ !" +'(&!&7&//&% ("+ /'' ('+ '%/"+ 7'+7'!'+, ('+ /$'%94$"("+ 6 ('+ '%/"+ ( +&(&/&'.
“Estudio metalográfco del cobre”
Pág. 11
Universidad Nacional de Ingeniería Facultad de Ingeniería Industrial y de Sistemas
RECOCIDO: E( '#"&*' &%/&( !" "+" &"%' "+ (%! "( "( +$ '+"&' !"7'/&% "% 7&' /'% "+" +" '&"%" ( /'&%/&% & !" !$/&(&!!, "+&+"%/& 6 "$ +$"7&/&(. C'' "+ +&!', "( '/"+' &%/($6" /("%&"%', +'+"%&&"%' 6 "%7&&"%' $% !"+/&/&% '&! !"( '/"+' !"" &%/($& ( *"('/&!! !" /("%&"%', ( ""$, "( &"' !" +'+"%&&"%', ( '+7" !"/$! 6 ( *"('/&!! !" "%7&&"%'. P "( /'" 6 (+ ("/&'%"+ !" /'", "( ' !" -%' "+ "( "%+6' "+=%! $&(&>!' "% 4$"(('+ "&("+ "/'/&!'+ 4$" % +&!' !"7'!'+ "% 7&' "*&"%". E+ %"/"+&' "%" "% /$"% ('+ 7/'"+ 4$" 7"/% "( '/"+', "+"/&("%" ( /%&!! !" !"7'/&% "% 7&', "( ' !" -%' &%&/&(, ( ""$ 6 "( &"'. E% "( &"%' "% +9, ( ""$ 6 "( &"' +'% ('+ !""&%%"+ !" (+ '&"!!"+.
VARIACIÓN
DE
LAS
PROPIEDADES
MEC7NICAS
DEL
LATÓN
MONOF7SICO EN FUNCIÓN DE LA TEMPERATURA DE RECOCIDO
“Estudio metalográfco del cobre”
Pág. 12
Universidad Nacional de Ingeniería Facultad de Ingeniería Industrial y de Sistemas
DOBLE RECOCIDO EN LATONES ALFA. D'(" "/'/&!' +" $"!" '+"* "% ('+ -%'+ !" /$%!' ( ("/&% +" #!' "% 7&', +"-$&!' !" "/'/&!'. E( #' "% 7&' &%'!$/" ( "%+&% !"%' !" ( "+$/$ + "( "/'/&!', "( "/&+(&>/&% +" '!$/" %!+ !" (9%"+ !'("+ ' !'("+ (9%"+ !"&!' ( !"+(&>&"%'. D'(" &%"7> "+ ("( ( [111\ (%'+ 4$" ( S"/$"%/& !" &(&"%' !"]ACAC] "% '' (!' !" ( 7'%" !'(" ;"+"#' !" "7("&%< !%!' ( +"/$"%/& ACAACA] *@+ !" ( 7'%" .
“Estudio metalográfco del cobre”
Pág. 13
Universidad Nacional de Ingeniería Facultad de Ingeniería Industrial y de Sistemas
ALIVIO DE TENSIONES: L+ "%+&'%"+ "+&!$("+ "% (+ ("/&'%"+ !" /'" #!+ "% 7&' " (&*&% ' "(&&%%, +&% *& "/&(""%" +$+ '&"!!"+, "!&%" &"%'+ # ""$, "+ !"/&, ' !"#' !" ( "/&+(&>/&%. E+" &"%' +" $+ &@% /'' "*"%/&% /'% ( /''+&% #' "%+&% ;CT, ' +"++/''+&%//&%-< "% (+ ("/&'%"+ !" /'", &/$("%" "% ('+ ('%"+ /'% 20 Z% ' =+. P=/&/"%" "( /&/(' &!"( (&*&' !" "%+&'%"+ 4$" ""%- (+ '&"!!"+ "/=%&/+ "+ "( 4$" +" /" ( ""$ =+ ( '+&(" /'% "( &"' =+ /'', ' ( ""$ =+ # /'% "( &"' =+ (-'. L+ '&"!!"+ "/=%&/+ !" ( 6'9 !" (+ ("/&'%"+ !" /'" +" ('-% ' !"7'/&% "% 7&'. E( "+!' !" !"7'/&% ' ( /'%!&/&% !" 7&//&% !" (+ ("/&'%"+ !" /'" /'%'/&!' /'' T"" D"+&-%&'%+ "+= !"+/&' "% ( %' ASTM 01. P"' 6 (-$%+ ("/&'%"+ 4$" +" $"!"% "%!$"/" ' &"%'+ @&/'+ 4$" +'% !" !'+ &'+: < A4$"(('+ "% 4$" ( ("/&% +" '&"%" "% /'%!&/&% (%! /$%!' +" "%79 !"+!" ( ""$, +'($/&%, 6 ($"-' +" "%!$"/" ' /("%&"%' ""$ '!"! ;"/&&/&%04?00 ºC M!%)o &$%" @ 3$&$6 r"(!!,$ $ o $r2o #" $+o% (r!%,$o2r*&!(o% roor(!o+$r /"+$ r"%!%,"+(!$ #(,!!#$#.
El aumento de la temperatura de revenido 3$6 E)$$#o 1 or$ "+&r!$)!"+,o #" 00 ºC 3/6 T")$#o 1 or$ $ =00 ºC 3(6 T")$#o 1 or$ $ >00 ºC
DESIGNACIN DEL ESTADO DE ALEACIONES DE CORE L %' ASTM 01 !"+/&" "( +&+" "% "( /$( +" (&/ $% /!&-' (7%$@&/' /! "+!' "+=%! !"( "&. V" "( /$!' +&-$&"%":
“Estudio metalográfco del cobre”
Pág. 16
Universidad Nacional de Ingeniería Facultad de Ingeniería Industrial y de Sistemas
7PLICACIONES DEL COBRE COBRES DEBILMENTE ALEADOS L'+ /'"+ !@&("%" ("!'+ +'% 4$"(('+ 4$" '+""% #' /'%"%&!' !" "(""%'+ !" !&/&% ;"%'+ !"( 1< 6 +" $&(&>% /$%!' (-$% !" (+ '&"!!"+ !" ('+ /'"+ '&"%" !&/'+ "+ &%+$7&/&"%". C'' ' "#"(', /$%!' +" "4$&"" "#': ^ R"+&+"%/& "/=%&/ ""$+ "(&*"%" "("*!+ ^ R"+&+"%/& ( /''+&% ^ S'(!&(&!! ^ R"+&+"%/& ( "(%!"/&&"%' ^ M4$&%&(&!! L+ /''+&/&'%"+ !" /'"+ !@&("%" ("!'+ +'%: < C'" !"+'&!!' /'% 7+7'', /'% +@%&/'. “Estudio metalográfco del cobre”
Pág. 17
Universidad Nacional de Ingeniería Facultad de Ingeniería Industrial y de Sistemas
< C'" "%> /'% (. /< C'" ""%' !" '9-"%' /'% (. !< C'" /'% >$7". "< C'" /'% "($&'. C/"9+&/+ !" $&(&>/&% 6 "#"('+ !" (&//&'%"+ !" /! $% !" "++ /''+&/&'%"+. A(-$%'+ "#"('+ !" (&//&'%"+ !" "++ ("/&'%"+ +'%:
V"'+ (-$%+ !" "++ (&//&'%"+ "% 7' -=7&/.
A4$9 +" $"+% '+ (&//&'%"+ !" "+" &' !" /'".
“Estudio metalográfco del cobre”
Pág. 18
Universidad Nacional de Ingeniería Facultad de Ingeniería Industrial y de Sistemas
ALEACIONES CON ALTO CONTENIDO DE CORE E++ ("/&'%"+ +" $&(&>% /$%!' %' "+ &%!&+"%+(" $% /'%!$/&*&!! "(@/&/ $6 "("*! "' +" "4$&"" !" $% "&( /'% '+ '&"!!"+ /'' (+ +&-$&"%"+: ^ R"+&+"%/& ( //&% ^ D$"> ^ R"+&+"%/& ( /''+&% ^ R"+&+"%/& ( '&!/&%
“Estudio metalográfco del cobre”
Pág. 19
Universidad Nacional de Ingeniería Facultad de Ingeniería Industrial y de Sistemas
V"'+ (-$%+ (&//&'%"+ !" (+ ("/&'%"+ /'% (' /'%"%&!' !" /'". < C'"C!&' 6 C'"C!&'E+'. L9%"+ "("7%&/+ C'%!$/'"+ !" (9%"+ !" 7"'/&("+ "(@/&/'+. • •
L ("/&% /'"/!&' ''/&'% ( /'%!$//&% "(@/&/, "+&+"%/& ( +&% %"/"+& "( %+'" !" ( *"('/&!!. < C'"C''. ^ M'%"!+
L '%"! !" 500 "+'+ "/&@% (%>! ' ( C+ !" M'%"!, &"%" $% /"%' !" '%/" ;2 !" /'"< 6 -'(( !" (/ ;K0 !" C$, 15 N& 6 15 Z%&%/ 4$" /'%"%- ( ("/&%. &+$"9 !" 7%+9. ^ D&+/'+ '%"!+ " &%+&-%&+. ^ _$&%/(("9. ^ F$%!+ !" (+. ^ A(&//&'%"+ &%!$+&("+. ^ I%+$"%'+ $+&/("+. ^ T"(+ "=(&/+. ^ R!&!'"+ !" $'*&("+. ^ A//"+'&'+ !" 7'%%"9 +%&&. ^ A4$&"/$.
LATONES CON PLOMO L'+ L'%"+ "+"%% -%!"+ *"%#+ +'" '!' ( 7&//&% !" &">+ !" "/=%&/. S&% "-', @++ %"/"+&% 7"/$"%""%" $% “Estudio metalográfco del cobre”
Pág. 22
Universidad Nacional de Ingeniería Facultad de Ingeniería Industrial y de Sistemas
4$&%!' &'%", ' (' 4$" +" $+/ "#' ( 4$&%&(&!! !" ('+ ('%"+ -"-%!' "!$/&!'+ '/"%#"+ !" ('' ;1 3+ '+/!+ "("/'"/%& E%-%#"+ C'%"&'%"+ /'+ 6 "+ P&">+ /&/$&'+ "(@/&/'+ &%+$"%'+ !" "/&+&% R"('#"9 V=(*$(+ &/&/("+ T'%'+ $'=&/'+ !" -% *"('/&!!
LATONES ESPECIALES L'+ L'%"+ E+"/&("+ +" '&"%"% !&"%!' $%' ' =+ "(""%'+ ('+ ('%"+ +&("+ /'% "( 7&% !" "#' (+ //"9+&/+ !" "+'+. L'+ "(""%'+ $&(&>!'+ &%!$+&("%", !"=+ !"( ('', +'% "( "+', ($&%&', %-%"+', &"',%94$"(, +&(&/&' 6, "% "4$"+ ''/&'%"+, +@%&/'. E+'+ "(""%'+ +" -"-% "#' (+ '&"!!"+ "/=%&/+ 6 $"% ( "+&+"%/& /&"+ 7'+ !" /''+&%. E%" ('+ L'%"+ E+"/&("+ "&+" $% -% *&"!!, "' ('+ =+ &'%"+ +'% ('+ +&-$&"%"+: • • •
L% /'% A($&%&' L% A(&%>-' L% N*(
“Estudio metalográfco del cobre”
Pág. 23
Universidad Nacional de Ingeniería Facultad de Ingeniería Industrial y de Sistemas •
L'%"+ !" A( R"+&+"%/&
L H@(&/" %*( !" (% !" ( "+&+"%/& ,"+ $% (&//&% !" L% E+"/&(. P' +$+ //"9+&/+, ('+ L'%"+ E+"/&("+ +'% $&(&>!'+ "% ( 7&//&% !": • • • • • •
T$'+ !" C'%!"%+!'"+ T$'+ !" E*'!'"+ 6 !" C&!'"+ !" C(' _$&%/(("9 %*( E%-%#"+ T$"9+ &" /'&&!' " &!=$(&/ P"7&("+ 4$&"/%&/'+
O' &'%" 6 /'%'/&!' -$' !" ("/&'%"+ !"( /'" "+ "( !" ('+ '%/"+. C'%'>/'+ +$+ //"9+&/+ 6 (&//&'%"+ &%/&("+.
LOS BRONCES L'+ $@%&/'+ '%/"+ +'% ("/&'%"+ !" /'" 6 !" "+', /'% /'%"%&!'+ 4$" *9% !"( 2 ( 20 !" "+' ;S%&%/, %94$"(, (''. A( "7"&%'+ "+ ("/&% (' &%*&'+ "*&+ (' "+$!&!' "% +$+ /(+"+ !" H&+'& /"/ !" ('+ /'&"%>'+ !" ( "($-&. P' +&-('+ "( '" +(' /'%'/& "( /'" 6 "( '', ('+ 4$" "(" "% +$ "+!' %&*' 6 ('+ /'' ( &"!, "+ !"/&, ('+ &(( !" /$"!' /'% ( @/%&/ /'&"%". P+ (-' &"' %"+ !" 4$" "%!&" 7$%!& ('+ "("+, /" ("/&'%"+ 6 !("+ 7'. C'% ( &/&% !"( '%/" ( "($-& !4$&"" -% &'%/&: #' %+7'/&'%"+ +'/&("+ 6 -"%" /(+"+ +'/&("+ /'' (+ !" ('+ -$""'+ 6 ('+ %'("+. L %+7'/&% !" (+ +, !" ( &"! ( '%/" 6 “Estudio metalográfco del cobre”
Pág. 24
Universidad Nacional de Ingeniería Facultad de Ingeniería Industrial y de Sistemas
'+"&'"%", !"( '%/" ( &"', '!&7&/ (+ "(/&'%"+ "%" ('+ $"('+ 6 7*'"/& (+ -%!"+ &%*+&'%"+. C'' /'%+"/$"%/& !" "+', !"+"/& "( &+(&"%' &&&*' 6 +" 7'"% "( /'"/&'. P"' %' %'+ 4$"!"'+ /'% "( '%/" "% +$ /'%"' &%&/&(. L'+ %"/"!"%"+ &+&/'+ +'% $6 *(&'+'+, "' %$"+' &%"@+ "+ 4$" (' /'%'>/ "% +$+ "'!&%&+ '+&&(&!!"+ /$("+. C'% "+"/' (+ (&//&'%"+ !" ('+ '%/"+, "+ B&( "%/&'% (+ +&-$&"%"+: • • • • •
A("+ "(+ "/=%&/+ T$'+ 7("&("+ 6 $'+ '%!$(!'+ C!"%+ C%+ A(&//&'%"+ %*("+
P "/'! /'% =+ /(&!!, '+"*" ('+ +&-$&"%"+ "#"('+. /
RESUMEN
“Estudio metalográfco del cobre”
Pág. 25
Universidad Nacional de Ingeniería Facultad de Ingeniería Industrial y de Sistemas
“Estudio metalográfco del cobre”
Pág. 26
Universidad Nacional de Ingeniería Facultad de Ingeniería Industrial y de Sistemas
BIBLIOGRAFIA •
• • •
:"*&+!""($-&."*&++./+&/."+&%!"."*&+!""($-& &/("*&"F&("?55K :"(""%'+.'-."+/'" :"+.&&"!&.'-&&C'"` +:.+/&!./'!'/22?83K?KMETALOGRAFIADEL ALUMINIO
“Estudio metalográfco del cobre”
Pág. 27
View more...
Comments