Metales Pesados en Alimentos

 

IH\JDHU RHUJLAU HF JDCIHF\AU

Lh das :2> hdhihftas eafaeclas par hd gaikrh, 7< saf ihtjdhs, par da quh fa hs lh hxtrjújr quh djs pasckcdcljlhs lh eaftjicfjecõf ihtêdcej hf hd jikchfth shjf fuihrasjs. Hftrh das ihtjdhs phsjlas das iês cipartjfths hf euhstcõf lh sjdul saf hd ihreurca, hd pdaia, hd ejlica, hd féquhd y hd zcfe. Jdmufas hdhihftas cfthrihlcas eaia hd jrsãfcea y hd jduicfca, das eujdhs saf iuy rhdhvjfths lhslh hd pufta lh vcstj taxceadõmcea, sh hstulcjf gjkctujdihfth oufta j das ihtjdhs phsjlas.

Djs nuhfths lh das ihtjdhs phsjlas Das ihtjdhs phsjlas hstêf hf das jdcihftas y pravchfhf lh lcvhrsjs nuhfths, djs iês cipartjfths saf? hd suhda eaftjicfjla hf hd quh sh praluehf das jdcihftas pjrj hd gaikrh y das jfcijdhs0 das dalas rhsclujdhs, das nhrtcdczjfths quéiceas y pdjmucecljs hipdhjlas hf jmrceudturj, hd usa lh ijthrcjdhs lurjfth hd arlhúa, jdijehfjichfta y trjfsparth lh dj dhegh, jsé eaia dj eaftjicfjecõf par ihtjdhs phsjlas lh das jdcihftas y hd jmuj quh cfmchrhf das kavcfas jnhetjf dj ejdcljl lh dj dhegh. Dj prhshfecj lh ihtjdhs phsjlas hf jdcihftas y pjrtceudjrihfth hf praluetas dêethas, eafstctuyh uf thij lh jetujdcljl lhkcla j dj eaftjicfjecõf lh dj ejlhfj trõncej cfvaduerjlj y j das ljúas quh aejscafjf j dj sjdul pÿkdcej. Hs fhehsjrca hfnjtczjr quh das rchsmas j dj sjdul lh dj pakdjecõf cfnjftcd fhehsctjf shr hvjdujlas lh ufj ijfhrj cfthmrjd, eafsclhrjfla dj hxpascecõf erõfcej lh ihtjdhs phsjlas hf jdcihftas quh par da rhmudjr sh prhshftj jscftaiêtcej lurjfth uf tchipa pradafmjla lh vclj. Djs nuhfths prcfecpjdhs lhd ihreurca saf djs scmuchfths? hd phsejla (j ejusj lh dj eaftjicfjecõf lh das ijrhs)0 das cfshetcecljs (quh eaftchfhf farijdihfth ufa a las ihtjdhs phsjlas, quh sh euhdjf hf dj ejlhfj jdcihftjrcj)0 hd jmuj ‗patjkdh– (thfhias quh supafhr quh tala hd jmuj eaftchfh tõxceas j ihfas quh sh gjyj eaiprakjla ihlcjfth jfêdcscs da eaftrjrca)0 jdmufas ihlcejihftas (hsphecjdihfth das quh rhmudjf dj jdtj prhscõf sjfmuéfhj y dj vjeufj eaftrj hd tãtjfas)0 y hd jcrh eaftjicfjla par dj cflustrcj y das eaeghs (par dj thefadaméj lh eaikustcõf). Atrj nuhfth lh ihreurca iuy cipartjfth hs hd trjspjsa lh dj ijlrh jd nhta j trjvãs lh dj pdjehftj y jd khkã j trjvãs lh dj dhegh ijthrfj par praehsas gariafjdhs. Ihlcjfth hstas praehsas dj ijlrh trjspjsj lhd 2% lh su ejrmj jd fcúa. Rhra dj ejftcljl iês mrjflh hftrj hf fuhstras euhrpas par das hipjsths lh das lchfths. Dj jijdmjij usjlj hf ãstas eaftchfh farijdihfth uf 82% lh ihreurca. ±Eõia puhlhf cfearparjrsh das ihtjdhs hf das jdcihftas1 Xf hohipda shréj hd scmuchfth? uf taijth eudtcvjla ehrej lh ufj jutapcstj lh iuega trêncea cfearparjrê pdaia (jufquh dj mjsadcfj eaf pdaia hsth pragckclj hf jdmufas pjéshs, sus hnhetas eaftjicfjfths jÿf phrlurjrêf par iuega tchipa). Uc jlhiês, hd jmuj lh rchma quh sh hipdhj pravchfh lh uf réa quh eruzj ufj jftcmuj zafj icfhrj a j dj quh sh vchrthf rhscluas lh ufj nuflcecõf, y sc jlhiês hd suhda jmréeadj yj hrj lh par sé iuy rcea hf eakrh y nuh trjtjla tchipa jtrês eaf pdjmucecljs ihreurcjdhs, yj thfhias jdmufas ihtjdhs iês cfearparjlas. Uc lh jquhd taijth sh gjeh ufj sjdsj y sh hfvjsj hf ufj djtj lh gaojdjtj, tjikcãf vjf j jpjrhehr hstjúa h cmujd jdma lh gchrra. S sc ncfjdihfth hd eafsuiclar jkrh dj djtj h gchrvh hd eafthfcla hf ufj ejzuhdj lh jduicfca, cfvjrcjkdhihfth jdma lh hsth ihtjd dcmhra vj j lcsadvhrsh hf dj sjdsj, njvarheclj par dj prapcj jeclhz lhd taijth y par hd ejdar lhd nuhma. ±Fhehsctjias das ihtjdhs1 Das ihtjdhs fa saf ijdas par lhncfcecõf, puhs iuegas rhsudtjf hshfecjdhs hf fuhstrj lchtj. Rhra hstjfla prhshfths hf hd ihlca jikchfth lh ijfhrj fjturjd a par dj jeecõf lhd gaikrh, fuhstrj hxpascecõf j trjvãs lh das jdcihftas lcnéecdihfth puhlh hvctjrsh. . Ihtjdhs hshfecjdhs (su hshfecjdhs (su jushfecj a su cfsuncechfecj hf dj lchtj guijfj cflueh lhspuãs lh echrta tchipa jdmufjs ialcncejecafhs j das praehsas ihtjkõdceas y hftafehs jpjrhehrêf jdmufjs hfnhrihljlhs) par hohipda? hd salca, patjsca, ejdeca, eakrh, zcfe y ijfmjfhsa y . Ihtjdhs fa hshfecjdhs eaia hshfecjdhs eaia hd pdaia, ejlica, ihreurca, jduicfca hftrh atras0 eujfla hstas ihtjdhs saf jksarkclas hf phquhújs ejftcljlhs hxcsth dj pasckcdcljl lh hdcicfjrdas j trjvãs lh dj arcfj, oumas mêstrceas, hte. Hd cferhihfta hf dj lh das ihtjdhs phsjlas das jdcihftas puhlh y ejusjr hnhetalh tõxcea j quchf das eafsuih, dj eafehftrjecõf mrjvhljl lh hsth hnheta lhphflhrê lh hf dj fjturjdhzj, ejftcljl narijuf quéicej das

 

ihtjdhs, lh dj eafehftrjecõf lhd ihtjd hf hd jdcihfta y lh dj rhscsthfecj lhd armjfcsia j das hnhetas scfãrmceas a jftjmõfceas j atras eaftjicfjfths quéiceas. t axcecljl Jdmufjs ejusjs lh su taxcecljl Rraluehf mrjvhs hnhetas hf hd ehrhkra y hf dj hvaduecõf ihftjd lh das fcúas. Hftrh iuegas atras séftaijs dj cftaxcejecõf par pdaia pravaej ufj phrturkjecõf lh dj narijecõf lh dj sjfmrh y jsé dhuehicjs y jfhicjs, cfsuncechfecjs rhfjdhs y hfnhrihljlhs fhuradõmcejs. Hd ihreurca hf pjrtceudjr sh ncoj hf lcnhrhfths pjrths lhd euhrpa guijfa. Rrcfecpjdihfth jnhetj j õrmjfas eaia hd gémjla, das rcúafhs y hd earjzõf, pravaejfla lcnhrhfths jdthrjecafhs hf hddas. Rhra tjikcãf jnhetj j djs jrtceudjecafhs, jd trjeta cfthstcfjd, j das guhsas, j dj sjfmrh y hsphecjdihfth j tala hd scsthij fhrvcasa cfeducla hd ehrhkra. Gjy iuegas séftaijs quh hstêf rhdjecafjlas eaf hd ihreurca phra fa lcrhetjihfth pravaejljs par hd icsia, lhkcla j dj phrturkjecõf lh dj kjrrhrj ghijtahfehnêdcej. Hsta pravaej ejikcas hiaecafjdhs (scsthij déikcea), phrturkjecafhs lhd scsthij julctcva y vcsujd y atras séftaijs lhd scsthij fhrvcasa, fa schiprh pravaejlas par hd ihreurca icsia. Hf hd hspjeca cftrjehdudjr hd ihreurca pravaej ljúas hf djs ictaeaflrcjs, fuhstrjs nêkrcejs lh hfhrméj (njtcmj). Lhscftaxcejecõf eaf Jdmj Egdarhddj Dj egdarhddj tchfh las hnhetas? iavcdczj ihtjdhs phsjlas y rjlcajetcvas y atrjs taxcfjs, eaia par ho. lcaxcfj, hsphecjdihfth hf das hspjecas hxtrjehdudjrhs, pjrj hegjrdjs lhspuãs lhd euhrpa eaf djs ghehs. Dj gjkcdcljl lhscftaxcejfth lh dj Egdarhddj nuh rhvhdjla mrjecjs j uf hxphrcihfta hf hd eujd sh jlicfcstrõ ufj lascs dhtjd lh eujtra sustjfecjs jdtjihfth tõxcejs j uf eudtcva lh dhvjlurj lh ehrvhzj? ihreurca, eakrh, ejlica y KRE. Eujfla sh jlcecafõ Egdarhddj j hstas vhfhfas dj dhvjlurj phrijfhecõ vcvj. Dj Egdarhddj tjikcãf puhlh fhutrjdczjr hd hnheta vhfhfasa lhd urjfca y hd pdaia. Uh gjf ddhvjla j ejka iuegas atras hstulcas quh eaipruhkjf dj gjkcdcljl lh dj Egdarhddj pjrj dckhrjr jd euhrpa lh sustjfecjs vhfhfasjs. Das dhetarhs quh sh cfthrhshf hf hsth thij hfeaftrjrêf suncechfth ijthrcjd echfténcea quh rhspjdlh da quh jfthehlh, hf eujdquchr kckdcathej iãlcej shrcj. Uh eafsclhrj quh hd hnheta lhscftaxcejfth lh hstj jdmj sh lhkh tjfta j su eafthfcla edaranédcea eaia j dj hstrueturj lh su ihikrjfj ehdudjr. Rar hstj rjzõf djs ihikrjfjs lh djs eãdudjs sh cfeduyhf hf dj prhpjrjecõf lh dj Egdarhddj pjrj dj vhftj. (Uh lhkh jshmurjr lh quh su pravhhlar lh Egdarhddj dh lh uf trjtjichfta jlheujla pjrj quh dj ihikrjfj shj lcmhrckdh). Djs pjrhlhs ehdudjrhs lh dj Egdarhddj eaftchfhf trhs ejpjs. Hftrh hddjs, dj lhd ihlca -quh hs dj iês mruhsjeaftchfh iceranckrcddjs lh ehdudasj, ichftrjs quh dj ejpj hxthrfj iuhstrj uf ijthrcjd ejrathfaclh padcihrczjla. Hsth ijthrcjd ehdudjr hs da quh ncoj j sé icsia hd hdhihfta tõxcea y duhma da hdcicfj lhd euhrpa. (Jlhiês sh sasphegj ufj jdtj jetcvcljl hfzciêtcej ejpjz lh gjehr quh, cfedusa das iês palhrasas vhfhfas fa sada sh hdcicfhf scfa quh sh utcdcehf par hd euhrpa). Dj cfmhstj rheaihfljlj hs lh 5 mrjias jd léj, phra puhlh juihftjrsh lhphflchfla lh sus fhehscljlhs hfhrmãtcejs y futrcecafjdhs. Djs phrsafjs quh eafsuijf egdarhddj par prcihrj vhz lhkhf cferhihftjr dj lascs mrjlujdihfth. J jquhddjs phrsafjs quh dhs rhsudth lcnéecd trjmjr djs tjkdhtjs sh dhs sumchrh quh ijstcquhf a djs trcturhf gjstj eafvhrtcrdjs hf uf padva ncfa jfths lh cfmhrcrdjs.

Atrjs apecafhs fjturjdhs sheufljrcjs? Ecdjftra? hs ejpjz lh iavcdczjr iuegas tõxceas lhd hspjeca cftrjehdudjr, hsphecjdihfth lh djs eãdudjs fhrvcasjs y lh das guhsas. Hstulcas rhechfths eaf jfcijdhs lhiuhstrjf quh hd ecdjftra hnhetÿj ufj iavcdczjecõf rêpclj lh jduicfca y pdaia lhd ehrhkra y lhd hsquhdhta, suphrcar quh eaf eujdquchr atra rhihlca.  Jufquh hd jfcijd nuh hfvhfhfjla eafstjft eafstjfthihfth hihfth eaf jduicfca hd eafthfcla lh hst hsth h ihtjd hf das guhsas guhsas lcsicfuéj scmfcncejtcvjihfth scmfcncejtcvjihfth lurjfth hd phrcala lh akshrvjecõf. Rjrj ufj hdcicfjecõf lh djs taxcfjs iavcdczjljs par hd ecdjftra hs ciprhsecflckdh taijr tjikcãf dj Egdarhddj hf ejftcljlhs suncechfths pjrj cfgckcr ufj rhjksarecõf lh djs sustjfecjs dckhrjljs.