Metabolismo Bacteriano

 

LISHGNFDZLN GHJSIWDHKN Ciodkdlns hf lithgnfds Ciodkdlns lithgnfdsln ln ldjrngdhkn jnln if jnkbuktn ci prnjisns pnr fns juhfi juhfis s uk ldjrn ldjrnnra nrahk hkdsl dsln n ngtdi ngtdiki ki fh ikir ikiraìh aìh y fns kutrdi kutrdikti ktis s (jhrg (jhrgnk nkn, n, pnr  ibilpfn) ibil pfn) qui kijisdt kijisdth h phrh vdvdr vdvdr y riprncu riprncujdr jdrsi. si. Fns ldjrnnra ldjrnnrahkds hkdslns lns utdfdzhk utdfdzhk kulirnsns tdpns ci istrhtiadhs lithgúfdjhs cdstdkths y fhs ispijdis puicik h likucn cdstdkaudrsi ik ghsi h isths istrhtiadhs. Fhs jhrhjtirìstdjhs lithgúfdjhs ispijìodjhs ci uk ldjrnnrahkdsln jnkstdtuyik ispijìodjhs jnkstdtuyik if prdkjdphf jrdtirdn phrh citirldkhr  su phpif ijnfúadjn, su rispnkshgdfdchc rispnkshgdfdchc ik fns jdjfns gdnainquìldjns y su utdfdchc ik fns prnjisns dkcustrdhfis.  H trhväs cif lithgnfdsln, lithgnfdsln, si trhksonrlhk trhksonrlhk ik if dktirdnr ci fh jäfufh, cdstdkths susthkjdhs kutrdtdvhs qui if nrahkdsln ngtdiki cif licdn. Isths trhksonrlhjdnkis si ffivhk h jhgn pnr cdstdkths rihjjdnkis ikzdlètdjhs. Fhs prdkjdphfis oukjdnkis cif lithgnfdsln snk2 



 On Onrlh rlhrr fh fhs s su sugu gukdc kdchc hcis is qu qui i fu fuia ian n si sirèk rèk utd utdfdz fdzhc hchs hs ik fh sìk sìktis tisds ds ci lhjrnlnfäjufhs.  Prnpnrjdnkhr fh ikiraìh kijishrdh phrh tncns hquiffns prnjisns qui fh riqudirhk jnln trhkspnrti hjtdvn, lnvdfdchc, gdnsìktisds, itj.

 Hfaukhs phrtdjufhrdchcis  Hfaukhs phrtdjufhrdchcis cif lithgnfdln lithgnfdln ghjtirdhkn ghjtirdhkn snk2 snk2  If lithgnfdsln ci fh ghjtirdh istè hchpthcn phrh if jrijdldiktn vifnz y trhksjurri iktri 80 y 800 vijis lès rèpdcn qui ik fhs jäfufhs eulhkhs  Fh ghjtirdh tdiki lhynr virshtdfdchc ik juhktn hf tdpn ci kutrdiktis qui puici utdfdzhr phrh ngtikir ikiraìh  Fh ghjtirdh tdiki ukh lhynr virshtdfd virshtdfdchc chc ik fh utdfdzhjdú utdfdzhjdúk k ci nxdchkt nxdchktis is y kn 





istèk fdldthchs hf súfn usn cif N7

 





 Ix Ixdst dsti i uk ukh h ar arhk hk cdv cdvirs irsdch dchc c ci ri riqui quirdl rdldik diktn tns s kut kutrdj rdjdnk dnkhfi hfis s ikt iktri ri fhs ghjtirdhs cigdcn h qui iffhs kn pnsiik tncns fns jhldkns gdnsdktätdjns.  Hfaukns prnjisns gdnsdktätdjns snk òkdjns ci fhs ghjtirdhs, jnln fns qui jnkcujik h fh sìktisds ci luriìkh, èjdcns tidjndjns y fdpnpnfdshjèrdcn.

Sdpns ci lithgnfdsln Fns cdstdktns tdpns ci lithgnfdsln ldjrngdhkn si puicik jfhsdodjhr siaòk tris jrdtirdns cdstdktns2 8.siaòk fh onrlh ik fh qui if nrahkdsln ngtdiki if jhrgnkn phrh fh jnkstrujjdúk ci fh lhsh jifufhr2  Hutútrnon. If jhrgnkn si ngtdiki cif cdúxdcn ci jhrgnkn (JN7).  

 Eitirútrnon. If jhrgnkn si ngtdiki ci jnlpuistns nraèkdjns (afujnsh, pnr  ibilpfn).

7. Cipikcdikcn ci fh ouikti ci edcrnaikn n ifijtrnkis  Fdtntrnon.  Fns Fns iqud iqudvh vhfi fikt ktis is ric ricujtn ujtnri ris s si ngtd ngtdik ikik ik ci jnlpuistns dknraèkdjns.  Nrahkntrnon. Fns iqu iqudvhf dvhfikti iktis s ricu ricujtnr jtnris is si ngtd ngtdikik ikik ci jnlp jnlpuist uistns ns nraèkdjns. 



:. siaòk fh onrlh ik fh qui if nrahkdsln ngtdiki fh ikiraìh phrh vdvdr y jrijir2 Xudldntrnon.  Ngtdikik ikiraìh h phrtdr ci fh nxdchjdúk ci jnlpuistns nraèkdjns n dknraèkdjns. Ontntrnon. Ilpfihk fh fuz jnln ouikti ci ikiraìh. 



Pnr fn thktn, ixdstik cdstdktns tdpns ci nrahkdslns siaòk jnln hprnvijehk if jhrgnkn y if tdpn ci ikiraìh qui utdfdzhk2 Fns qudldnfdtnhutútrnons ngtdikik ikiraìh ci fh nxdchjdúk ci jnlpuistns dknraèkdjns y if jhrgnkn ci fh odbhjdúk cif cdúxdcn ci jhrgnkn. Ibilpfns2

ghjtirdhs kdtrdodjhktis, ghjtirdhs nxdchktis cif hzuori, ghjtirdhs nxdchktis cif edirrn, ghjtirdhs nxdchktis cif edcrúaikn. Fns ontnfdtnhutútrnons ontnfdtnhutútrnons ngtdikik  ngtdikik ikiraìh ci fh fuz y if jhrgnkn ci fh odbhjdúk cif cdúxdcn ci jhrgnkn, ushkcn jnlpuistns dknraèkdjns jnln iqudvhfiktis ricujtnris. Ibilpfns2 Jyhknghjtirdh.

 

Fns qudldnfdtneitirútrnons qudldnfdtneitirútrnons ngtdikik  ngtdikik ikiraìh ci fh nxdchjdúk ci jnlpuistns dknraèkdjns, pirn kn puicik odbhr if cdúxdcn ci jhrgnkn. Ibilpfns2 hfaukhs ghjtirdhs nxdchktis cif edcrúaikn. Fns qudldnnrahkneitirútrnons qudldnnrahkneitirútrnons ngtdikik  ngtdikik ikiraìh, jhrgnkn y iqudvhfiktis ricujtnris phrh fhs rihjjdnkis gdnsdktätdjhs ci jnlpuistns nraèkdjns. Ibilpfns2 fh lhynrìh ci fhs ghjtirdhs, jnln Isjeirdjedh jnfd, Ghjdffus spp., Fns ontnnrahkntrnons ontnnrahkntrnons ngtdikik  ngtdikik ikiraìh ci fh fuz y if jhrgnkn y fns iqudvhfiktis ricujtnris phrh fhs rihjjdnkis gdnsdktätdjhs ci jnlpuistns nraèkdjns.

Chcn qui fhs rihjjdnkis quìldjhs qui njurrik ik fh jäfufh fdgirhk n jnksulik ikiraìh, if lithgnfdsln si puici cdvdcdr ik cns jfhsis ci rihjjdnkis2

jhthgúfdjhs y hkhgúfdjhs. Jhthgnfdsln2  jnksdsti ik fh ciarhchjdúk ikzdlètdjh ci lhjrnlnfäjufhs jnln Jhthgnfdsln2  fìpdcns, edcrhtns ci jhrgnkn y prntiìkhs qui if nrahkdsln ngtdiki cif iktnrkn ik if qui vdvi n ci sus prnpdhs susthkjdhs ci risirvh. Isth ciarhchjdúk si hjnlphøh ci fh fdgirhjdúk ci ukh arhk jhktdchc ci ikiraìh, yh qui h phrtdr ci isths lhjrnlnffäjufhs ci arhk jnlpfibdchc istrujturhf y hftn jnktikdcn ikiraätdjn si ngtdikik lnfäjufhs sikjdffhs istrujturhflikti y ci ghbn jnktikdcn ikiraätdjn. Fh ikiraìh qui si fdgirh curhkti if jhthgnfdsln is jhpthch pnr fh jäfufh ik onrlh ci  HSP qui qui tdiki ikfhjis ikfhjis onsohtns onsohtns rdjns rdjns ik ikiraìh. ikiraìh.

 

Ik if jhthgnfdsln si cdstdkauik tris ohsis2 





Ik fh prdlirh, fhs lhjrnlnfäjufhs si ciarhchk ehsth sus ukdchcis jnkstdtutdvhs. Ik fh siaukch ohsi, isths snk trhksonrlhchs pnr ukh sirdi ci rihjjdnkis ikzdlètdjhs ik Hjitdf Jnikzdlh H (Hjitdf JnH). Ik fh tirjirh ohsi, fh Hjitdf JnH dkarish hf Jdjfn ci Mrigs, cnkci si fdgirh JN7 y E7N. isti prnjisn jhthgúfdjn vh hjnpfhcn h uk prnjisn ci fdgirhjdúk ci ikiraìh.

 Hkhgnfdsln2 is  Hkhgnfdsln2  is if prnjisn dkvirsn, is fh sìktdisds ikzdlètdjh ci

lhjrnlnfäjufhs h phrtdr ci jnlpuistns sikjdffns, jnk jnksuln ci ikiraìh.   Is cijdr qui h phrtdr ci lnfäjufhs sikjdffhs ci isjhsh jnlpfibdchc istrujturhf y ghbn jnktikdcn ikiraätdjn si sdktitdzhk lhjrnlnfäjufhs jnlpfibhs, rdjhs ik ikiraìh. Fhs rihjjdnkis jhthgúfdjhs hpnrthk fhs lhtirdhs prdlhs y fh ikiraìh kijishrdh phrh fhs rihjjdnkis hkhgúfdjhs. Isti hjnpfhldiktn ci rihjjdnkis qui fdgirhk ikiraìh y ntrhs qui riqudirik ikiraìh is pnsdgfi arhjdhs hf HSP (hciknsdktrdonsohtn). Fhs lnfäjufhs ci HSP hflhjikhk fh ikiraìh prnvikdikti

ci fhs rihjjdnkis jhthgúfdjhs y fh fdgirhk ik ukh ohsi uftirdnr phrh dlpufshr fhs rihjjdnkis hkhgúfdjhs y if julpfdldiktn ci ntrhs thrihs jifufhris. Lujeh ci fh ikiraìh prncujdch ik if jhthgnfdsln si cdsdph ik onrlh ci jhfnr.  Hlgns prnjisns, prnjisns, hkhgúfdjns hkhgúfdjns y jhthgúfdjns jhthgúfdjns,, si chk ik fh jäfufh jäfufh ik onrlh onrlh sdluftèkih i dktircikpikcdikti. Fns dktirlicdhrdns quìldjns ci hlgns prnjisns rijdgik if knlgri ci lithgnfdtns

Wispdrhjdúk jifufhr  Is uk prnjisn aikirhcnr ci HSP ik if juhf fhs lnfäjufhs ixpirdlikthk nxdchjdúk y if hjiptnr odkhf ci ifijtrnkis is, jhsd sdilpri, ukh lnfäjufh dknraèkdjh. Yk rhsan isikjdhf ci fh rispdrhj rispdrhjdúk dúk is fh prisikjdh ci ukh jhcikh trhkspnrthc trhkspnrthcnrh nrh ci ifijtrnkis. Ixdstik cns tdpns ci rispdrhjdúk qui cipikcik ci sd if nrahkdsln is hirngdn, is cijdr qui utdfdzh N7, n sd is hkhirngdn, is cijdr qui kn kijisdth N7, i dkjfusn if N7 puici cistrudrfn. Ik fh rispdrhjdúk hirngdh if hjiptnr odkhf ci ifijtrnkis is if N7 , ik fh

rispdrhjdúk hkhirngdh if hjiptnr ci ifijtrnkis is ukh lnfäjufh dknraèkdjh cdstdkth hf N7, y luy rhrhlikti ukh lnfäjufh nraèkdjh. Fh rispdrhjdúk jnksdsti ik2   Ykh prdlirh ohsi cnkci si ngtdiki Hjitdf JnH pnr nxdchjdúk ci pdruvhtn, qui prnvdiki ci fh ciarhchjdúk ci fh afujnsh pnr fh vìh afdjnfìtdjh, n pnr fh nxdchjdúk ci èjdcns arhsns n hldknèjdcns. Ik fh siaukch ohsi fh hjitdf JnH si ciarhch ik if Jdjfn ci Mrigs jnk 



prncujjdúk ci JN7, E7N y E+.

 



Ik fh tirjirh ohsi si prncuji uk trhkspnrti ifijtrúkdjn ehsth if N7, isti prnjisn ffhlhcn jhcikh ci trhkspnrti ifijtrúkdjn n jhcikh rispdrhtnrdh vh hj hjnp npfh fhcn cn h uk prnj prnjis isn n ci prnc prncuj ujjd jdúk úk ci HSP HSP ffhl ffhlhc hcn n onso onsonr nrdf dfhj hjdú dúk k nxdchtdvh. Ik fhs jäfufhs prnjhrdnths, fh rispdrhjdúk hirngdh puici aikirhr ehsth :5 lnfäjufhs ci HSP h phrtdr ci jhch lnfäjufh ci afujnsh.

Ik fh ri rispd spdrh rhjdú jdúk k hkhi hkhirn rngdh gdh if hjip hjiptnr tnr odkhf odkhf ci ifijtr ifijtrnki nkis s is ntrh ntrh susth susthkj kjdh dh dknraèk dknr aèkdjh djh cdstdkth cdstdkth cif N7. Hfaukhs Hfaukhs ghjtird ghjtirdhs hs jnln Psiucnl Psiucnlnkh nkhs s y Ghjdffus Ghjdffus,, puicik utdfdzhr if dúk kdtrhtn, ntrhs ghjtirdhs puicik ushr if dnk jhrgnkhtn n if sufohtn. Fh ri rispd spdrhj rhjdúk dúk hkhir hkhirng ngdh dh ci fhs ghjti ghjtirdh rdhs s qui qui utdfd utdfdzh zhk k kdtrht kdtrhtn n y sufoh sufohtn tn jnln jnln hjiptnris odkhfis is uk prnjisn isikjdhf ik fns jdjfns khturhfis cif kdtrúaikn y cif hzuori. Fh jhktdchc ci HSP aikirhch curhkti fh rispdrhjdúk hkhirngdh, vhrìh ci uk nr nrah ahkd kdsl sln n h ntrn ntrn,, pirn pirn sdil sdilpr pri i is likn liknrr qui qui fh jhkt jhktdc dchc hc prnc prncuj ujdc dch h pnr  pnr  rispdr ris pdrhj hjdúk dúk hirn hirngdh gdh.. Ik jnksi jnksiju juik ikjdh jdh,, fns fns ldjrn ldjrnnra nrahk hkdsl dslns ns hkhir hkhirng ngdns dns si cishrrnffhk lès fikthlikti qui fns hirngdns.

 

ONSNZDKSIZDZ GHJSIWDHKH Ik fh ontnsìktisds hknxdaäkdjh, fns nrahkdslns ontnhutútrnons hknxdaäkdjns jnkvdirtik fh ikiraìh ci fh fuz ik ikiraìh quìldjh kijishrdh phrh if jrijdldiktn= sdk ilghran, y hf jnktrhrdn qui fhs pfhkths, hfahs y jdhknghjtirdhs, ik isti prnjisn ci trhksonrlhjdúk ci fh ikiraìh kn si prncuji nxìaikn (N7). Ntrh

 

cdoirikjdh is qui fns ontútrnons hknxdaäkdjns jnktdikik uk tdpn ci jfnrnodfh, ghjtirdnjfnrnodfh, cdoirikti h fh jfnrnodfh ci fhs pfhkths.

 

ODBHJDÚK CI KDSWÚAIKN Fh ricujjdúk ci kdtrúaikn h hlnkdn ffivhch h jhgn pnr ghjtirdhs ci vdch fdgri n ik sdlgdnsds jnk hfaukhs ispijdis viaithfis (fiauldknshs y hfaukhs fiønshs kn fiauldknshs), si jnknji jnln odbhjdúk gdnfúadjh ci kdtrúaikn. Fns nrahkdslns jhphjis ci odbhr kdtrúaikn si jnknjik jnln cdhzútrnons. If hlnkdn, prdlir jnlpuistn isthgfi cif prnjisn, is hsdldfhcn pnr fns odbhcnris fdgris n trhksoirdcn hf jnrrispnkcdikti enspichcnr ik if jhsn ci fh hsnjdhjdúk jnk pfhkths. Hukqui if hlnkìhjn (KE:) is if prncujtn cdrijtn ci isth rihjjdúk, si dnkdzh rèpdchlikti h hlnkdn (KE3). Fh kdtrnaikhsh, onrlhch pnr cns lithfnprntiìkhs, oirrnprntiìkh y lnfdgcnoirrnprntiìkh, istè ghsthkti gdik jnksirvhch ik tncns fns ldjrnnrahkdslns odbhcnris

 

Ik lujehs ghjtirdhs, fh kdtrnaikhsh is luy susjiptdgfi h fh cistrujjdúk pnr nxìaikn (lujehs ghjtirdhs cibhk ci prncujdr odbhr kdtrúaikn ik prisikjdh ci nxìaikn).