Mercado e Análise de Mercado

 

 

K ^ _  _ [ [I  

 ‛   ‛ 

 Y   Y     Y    \ å k g e k i   l n   V n g l d s ( D ] E ) Y 

 

Àglekn Ki`pigngtn \nûrekd3 4.Kigkneti ln @drhntegj……………………………………... ............... ........................ ......... ; 4.4-  4.?-  4.;-  4. Fdktirns qun li egfbungked` ki`pirtd`ngti li kigsu`elir ;.4.4- Fdktirns kubturdes ;.4.?- Fdktirns sikedes ;.4.;- Fdktirns pnssides ;.4..;.4- @drhntegj Eglefnrngked E glefnrngkedli li >.;.?- @drhntegj Lefnrngkedli >.;.;- @drhntegj Kigkngtrdli >.

 

4.;- I @drhntegj [ikedb I kigkneti ln @drhntegj [ikedb sustngtd qun d irjdgezdêëi lnvn lntnr`egdr ds gnknsseldlns, lnsncis n egtnrnssns lis `nrkdlis-dbvi n ngtëi pripirkeigdr u` vdbir supnreir dis kbengtns ln fir`d d `dgtnr iu `nbairdr i on`-nstdr li kigs kigsu`elir u`elir n ld sikenldln. I kigkneti ln @drhntegj [ikedb å d `des rnkngtn lds febisifeds ln dl`egestrdêëi ln @drhntegj. Nssn kigkneti qunsteigd i kigkneti ln @drhntegj å ti dlnqudli d u`dnåpikd ki`s priobn`ds d`oengtdes, nskdssnzsnln nskdssnz rnkursis trdlekeigdb gdturdes, räpeli krnske`ngti krnske`ng pipubdkeigdb pipubdkeigdb priobn`d pri obn`ds nkigû`ekis gi `ugli egtneri. N`prnsds qun pnrknon` n sdtesfdzn` lnsncis egleveludes gn` sn`prn fdzn` i `nbair pdrd is kigsu`elirns n pdrd d sikenldln gi bigji prdzi. [njuglii i kigkneti [njugl kigkneti ln @drhntegj sikedb sikedb,, i kigkneti trdlekeigdb ln @drhntegj gëi pnrknon is pissàvnes kigfbetis ngtrn is lnsncis ln kurti prdzi li kigsu`elir n i snu on`-nstdr gi bigji prdzi. [ikenldln (on`-nstdr li Ai`n` Ai`n`))

Kigkneti ln @drhntegj [ikedb

Kigsu`elirns (sdtesfdêëi ln lnsncis)

N`prnsd (Bukris)

I kigkneti ln @drhntegj [ikedb nxejn qun is i s prifesseigdes ln @drhntegj nquebeorn` trãs fdktirns fdkt irns di lnfegern` suds pibàtekds ln `nrkdli3 is bukris lds n`prnsds, is lnsncis li kigsu`elir n is egtnrnssns ld sikenldln. ]ir nxn`pbi d Kikd-Kibd, kigselnrdld ki`i u`d n`prnsd dbtd`ngtn rnspnetävnb qun priluz rnfrejnrdgtns qun sdtesfdzn` is jistis lis kigsu`elirns, gi ngtdgti knrtis jrupis ln kigsu`elirns n nkibûjekis nstëi  prnikupdlis ki` ki` ds kd kdusds usds pdrd d sd sdóln óln n d`oeng d`oengtn tn irejegdlds pir nssn ppriluti. riluti. Hitbnr lnfegn i kigkneti ln @drhntegj [ikedb ki`i « i lnsàjgei, e`pbn`ngtdêëi n kigtribn ln prijrd`ds qun prntngln` du`ngtdr d dknetdêëi ln u`d elned sikedb iu d sud prätekd pir u` iu `des jrupis¸. D nspnkefekeldln li @drhntegj [ikedb ikirrn nssngkedb`ngtn di gàvnb li snu iocnkti (d kigskeãgked sikedb) n gis iocnktevis qun sn pripþn` (lnspnrtdr nssd kigskeãgked, `ilefekdr dtetulns n dbtnrdr ki`pirtd`ngtis).

Angrequn \dvdrns

6

 

4.

 

 

Kbdssn [ikedb

Kbdssns sikedes sëi levesþns rnbdtevd`ngtn pnr`dgngtns n ai`ijågnds gu`d sikenldln kucis `n`oris  pdrtebad` ln vdbirns, vdbirns, egtnrnssn egtnrnssnss n ki`pirtd`ng ki`pirtd`ngtis tis se`ebdrns. Ds kbdssns sikedes gëi sëi lntnr`egdlds pir u` ógeki fdktir, `ds sëi `nlelds pir u`d ki`oegdêëi ln fdktirns, tdes ki`i prifessëi, rngle`ngti, nlukdêëi, requnzd n iutrds vdreävne vdreävnes. s. Is prifesseigdes ln `drhntegj lnvn` prnikupdr-sn ki` ds kbdssns sikedes pirqun ds pnssids ln u`d lntnr`egdld kbdssn tngln` d nxeoer ki`pirtd`ngtis se`ebdrns.

;.4.?- Fdktirns [ikedes ^` ki`pirtd`ngti ln kigsu`i td`oå` å egfbungkedli pir fdktirns sikedes, tdes ki`i jrupis ln rnfnrãgked, fd`àbed, pdpåes sikedes, sikedes, n stdtus.  

Jrupis ln rnfnrngked

Ngtngln-sn pir jrupi ln rnfnrãgked, di jrupi qun gu` ldli `i`ngti, snrvn ln rnfnrãgked gd lntnr`egdêëii lds krngêds, dtetulns n ki`pirtd` lntnr`egdêë ki`pirtd`ngtis ngtis ln u` eglevàlui qunr nstn ban pnrtngêd iu gëi. ]iln` snr jrupis ln rnfnrãgked pisetevis (dqunbns kucis vdbirns n ki`pirtd`ngtis sëi dprivdlis n e`etdlis), iu gnjdtevis (dqunbns kucis ki`pirtd`n ki `pirtd`ngtis gtis n vdbirns sëi rncnetdlis). Is prifesseigdes ln `drhntegj egfbungked` tngtd` elngtefekdr is jrupis ln rnfnrãgked rfir`ds3 nfnrãgked snus kigsu`elirns-dbvi. Is ki`pirtd`ngtis jrupis ln rnfnrãgked i eglevàlui ln trãs nbnslnnxpþn` u`d pnssid d givis n nstebis ln veld, egfbungked` ds dtetulns n duti-nste`d lnssd pnssid pies nbd lnsncd pnrtngknr d nssn jrupi, n td`oå` kred` prnssþns qun piln` dfnktdr d nskibad ln prilutis n `drkds.  

Fd`àbed

Is `n`oris ln u`d fd`àbed piln` egfbungkedr firtn`ngtn i ki`pirtd`ngti li kigsu`elir. D fd`àbed å d `des e`pirtdgtn irjdgezdêëi ln kigsu`i gd sikenldln n tn` seli egtngsd`ngtn  pnsquesdld.  pnsquesd ld. ]drd is prifesse prifesseigdes igdes ln `drhntegj å e`pirtdg e`pirtdgtn tn pnrknonr i pdpnb pdpnb li `dreli, ld ` `ubanr, ubanr, n lis febais gi priknssi ln lnkesëi ln ki`prd. Å gnknssärei lntnr`egdr ki`i is `n`oris ld fd`àbed egtnrdjn` pdrd ti`dr lnkesþns.

 

]dpnes n stdtus

^`d pnssid pdrtekepd n` `uetis jrupis, fd`àbed, kbuons, irjdgezdêþns, d piseêëi lnssd pnssid lngtri ln kdld u` lnssns jrupis piln snr lnfegeld n` tnr`is ln pdpnb n piseêëi sikedb. ^` pdpnb kigsestn gds dkteveldlns qun ds iutrds pnssids nspnrd` qun i eglevàlui nxnrêd.

;.4.;- Fdktirns ]nssides Ds lnkesþns ln u` ki`prdlir sëi egfbungkedlds td`oå` pir suds kdrdktnràstekds pnssides, tdes ki`i eldln, prifessëi, setudêëi nkigû`ekd, nkigû`ekd, nstebi ln veld, pnrsigdbeldln n duti-nste`d.

Angrequn \dvdrns

46

 

 

Eldln n kekbi ln veld

Ds pnssids gëi ki`prd` is `ns`is prilutis n snrveêis lurdgtn tild  d veld. ]ir nxn`pbi tn`is jistis lefnrngtns n` `ósekd di bigji ld gissd veld. I kigsu`i td`oå` å `ibldli pnbd fdsn gi kekbi ln veld fd`ebedr.  

]rifessëi

D prifessëi ln u`d pnssid dfnktd is ongs n snrveêis dlquerelis Is prifesseigdes ln `drhntegj tngtd` elngtefekdr is jrupis ikupdkeigdes qun dprnsngtd` u` egtnrnssn nspnkedb n` snus prilutis n snrveêis.  

Kigleêþns Nkigû`ekds

D setudêëi nkigû`ekd dfnktdrä `ueti d lnkesëi ln ki`prd ln u` priluti. Is prifesseigdes ln `drhntegj ln prilutis nbästekis n` rnbdêëi di rngle`ngti, kigtribd` ds tnglãgkeds ln rngle`ngti  pnssidb,, piupdgêd n tdxd  pnssidb tdxdss ln curi.  

Nstebi ln veld

Ds pnssids irejegäreds ln u`d `ns`d suokubturd, kbdssn sikedb iu `ns`i prifessëi piln` tnr nstebis ln veld odstdgtn lefnrngtns. Nstebi ln veld å i pdlrëi ln veld nxprnssi n` dkteveldlns, vdbirns pnssides nDsipegeþns ln u`d pnssid. dkteveldlns egkbun` i trdodbai, i bdz bdznr, nr, is aäoe aäoetis tis ln ki`prd, ntk. Is vdbirns pnssides sëi i sestn`d ln vdbirns n kdrdktnràstekds ln pnrsigdbeldln qun lntnr`egd` ds egtnrdkêþns ngtrn i eglevàlui n i qun i rilned, n ki`prnngln is dspnktis psekibûjekis, psekibûjekis, tdes ki`i d  pnrsigdbeldln  pnrsigdbel dln n dspnk dspnktis tis psekissike psekissikeibûjekis ibûjekis dsse` kki`i i`i d pnrknpêë pnrknpêëii fnetd pir kdld eglevàlui eglevàlui li `ili `ili ki`i is lefnrngtns pdpåes sikedes lnvn` snr lnsn`pngadlis. Ds ipegeþns sëi ds rnprnsngtdêþns qun is eglevàluis fdzn` li snu d`oengtn sikedb n` jnrdb.  

]nrsigdbeldln ]nrsigdbeld ln n Duti-kigkneti

D pnrsigdbeldln ln kdld eglevàlui egfbungked i snu ki`pirtd`ngti ln ki`prd. ]nrsigdbeldln rnfnrnsn äs kdrdktnràstekds psekibûjekds ógekds qun kigluzn` d u`d rnspistd r nspistd rnbdtevd`ngtn rnbdtevd`ngtn ki kigsestng gsestngtn tn n lurdliurd di d`oengtn di qudb u` eglevàlui pnrtngkn.

;.4..Ki`pir td`ngti pûs-ki`prd pûs-ki`prd I qun lntnr`egd sn i ki`prdlir fekd sdtesfneti sdtesfneti iu egsdtesfneti ki` d ki`prd9 D rnspistd rnkde siorn d rnbdêëi ngtrn ds nxpnktdtevds li kigsu`elir n i lnsn`pngai pnrknoeli li  priluti. [n i priluti fekd dquå` lds nxpnktdtevds i kigsu`elir fekd lnsdpigtdli, sn dtegjn ds nxpnktdtevds fekd sdtesfneti, sn nxknln ds nxpnktdtevds i kigsu`elir fekd ngkdgtdli

.?- Odsns pdrd d snj`ngtdêëi ln `nrkdlis eglustredes. Is `nrkdlis eglustredes piln` snr snj`ngtdlis utebezdgli-sn `uetds lds `ns`ds vdreävnes utebezdlds  pdrd d snj`ngtdêëi snj`ngtdêëi lis ` `nrkdlis nrkdlis kigs kigsu`elirns. u`elirns. Is ki` ki`prdlirns prdlirns eglustredes piln` snr snr snj`ngtdlis jnijrdfekd`ngtn iu pir ongnfàkeis qun prikurd`, setudêëi ln usuärei, `åled ln utebezdêëi, setudêëi ln bndbldln, nstäjei ln ki`prd n dtetulns, kdrdktnràstekds ipnrdkeigdes, snus `åtilis ln ki`prd, fdktirns setudkeigdes n kdrdktnràstekds pnssides.

>.;- [nbnkêëi ln snj`ngtis ln `nrkdli Dpûs dvdbedr is lefnrngtns snj`ngtis, d n`prnsd nspnrd ngkigtrdr u` iu `des qun sncd` egtnrnssdgtns  pdrd nbd. Lnvn-sn Lnvn-sn ngtëi lnke lnkeler ler qudes n qudg qudgtis tis snj`ng snj`ngtis tis erä dtnglnr, nstn pr priobn`d iobn`d kad`d-sn kad`d-sn snbnkêëi li `nrkdli-dbvi. ^` `nrkdli-dbvi kigsestn n` u` jrupi ln ki`prdlirns qun pdrtebad` gnknsseldlns n ãs kdrdktnràstekds ki`ugs, ds qudes d n`prnsd lnkeln dtnglnr. D n`prnsd piln dliptdr u`d ln ngtrn trãs tr nstrdtåjeds ln kionrturd ln `nrkdli3 `drhntegj eglefnrngkedli, `drhntegj lefnrngkedli iu `drhntegj kigkngtrdli.

@ex ln `drhntegj

@nrkdli

@drhntegj Eglefnrngkedli

Angrequn \dvdrns

?6

@ex ln `drhntegj 4

[nj`ngti 4

 

>.;.4- @drhntegj Eglefnrngkedli ^tebezdgli u`d nstrdtåjed ln `drhntegj eglefnrngkedli, u`d n`prnsd piln lnkeler ejgirdr ds lefnrngêds ngtrn is väreis snj`ngtis li `nrkdli n dordgjn dordgjnrr tili ti li i `nrkdli ki` u`d ógekd ifnrtd. Nbd kigkngtrd-sn gi qun å ki`u` äs gnknsseldlns lis kigsu`elirns n` vnz li qun å lefnrngtn. D n`prnsd pricnktd u` priluti n u` prijrd`d ln `drhntegj qun erä dordgjnr i `deir gó`nri  pissàvnb ln ki`prdlirns. Nb Nbdd utebezd d lestreoueêëi lestreoueêëi ln `dssd n puobekeldln puobekeldln llnn `dssd, n vesd vesd kredr u`d e`djn` supnreir li priluti gd `ngtn lds pnssids. I `drhntegj eglefnrngkedli dkdrrntd rnluêëi ln kustis. ^`d begad ln priluti nstrnetd rnluz is kustis ln priluêëi, i stikh n i trdgspirtn. D dusãgked ln pnsquesd n pbdgnd`ngti ln snj`ngtdêëi ln `nrkdli td`oå` rnluz is kustis ld pnsquesd li `nrkdli n ld jnstëi li priluti. Kigtuli is prifesseigdes ln `drhntegj `des `ilnrgis tã` firtns lóvelds dknrkd lnstd nstrdtåjed, pies u` priluti iu `drkd gëi piln sdtesfdznr tilis is kigsu`elirns. Ds n`prnsds qun utebezd` i `drhntegj eglefnrngkedli kistu`d` lnsngvibvnr u`d ifnrtd lernkkeigdld dis `deirns snj`ngtis, i qun rnsubtd n` `ngir sdtesfdêëi gis snj`ngtis `ngirns. I rnsubtdli å qun is snj`ngtis `deirns piln` snr `ngis bukrdtevis pirqun dtrdn` `uetd kigkirrãgked.

Angrequn \dvdrns

?:

 

>.;.?- @drhntegj Lefnrngkedli ^tebezdgli u`d nstrdtåjed ln `drhntegj lefnrngkedli, u`d n`prnsd lnkeln dtegjer väreis snj`ngtis li `nrkdli n pricnktd ifnrtds snpdrdlds pdrd kdld u` lnbns. I `drhntegj lefnrngkedli pisseoebetd u` `deir gó`nri ln vnglds titdes li qun i `drhntegj eglefnrngkedli. @ds nbn td`oå` du`ngtd is kustis li gnjûkei. @ilefekdr u` priluti pdrd sdtesfdznr ds lefnrngtns gnknsseldlns lis snj`ngtis li `nrkdli usudb`ngtn ngvibvn dbju`d pnsquesd n lnsngvibve`ngti, ngjngadred iu kustis ln priluêëi nspnkedes, n tngtdr dtegjer lefnrngtns snj`ngtis ln `nrkdli ki` lefnrngtns kd`pdgads ln puobekeldln du`ngtd is kustis ln pri`iêëi. Dsse`, n`prnsd lnvn pnsdr i krnske`ngti lds vnglds kigtrd i du`ngti lis kustis di lnkeler lnkeler qudb d nstrdtåjed ln `drhntegj d utebezdr.

>.;.;- @drhntegj Kigkngtrdli I `drhntegj kigkngtrdli å nspnkedb`ngtn dtrdktevi qudgli is rnkursis ld n`prnsd sëi be`etdlis. N` vnz ln pnrsnjuer u`d pnqungd pdrtekepdêëi gu` jrdgln `nrkdli d n`prnsd kigkngtrd-sn gu`d jrdgln  pdrtekepdêëii n` dbjugs piukis suo`nrkdlis.  pdrtekepdêë suo`nrkdlis. I `drhnteg `drhntegjj kigkngtrdli å u` u`dd nxknbngtn fir`d fir`d ln ds  pnqungds n`prnsds kig kigsnjuern` snjuern` u` ddpiei piei kigtrd kig kigkirrngtns kirrngtns `de `deirns irns n ki` `deir `deir vibu`n ln rnkursis. ]ir `nei li `drhntegj kigkngtrdli, d n`prnsd piln iotnr u`d firtn piseêëi gi snj`ngti qun dtngln, lnveli d snu `deir kiganke`ngti lds gnknsseldlns li snj`ngti n ld rnputdêëi nspnkedb qun dlquern. N td`o t d`oå` å` iotã` jrdgln nkigi`ed lnveli ä nspnke nspnkedbezdêëi dbezdêëi n` priluêëi, pri luêëi, lestreoueêëi lestreoueêëi n  priluêëi. Gi ngtdgti ngtdgti i `drhn `drhntegj tegj kigkng kigkngtrdli trdli ngvibvn reskis ` `deirns deirns qun i gir` gir`db, db, pies i snj` snj`ngti ngti ln `nrkdli qun d n`prns n`prnsdd prikurd dtnglnr pilnrä tirgdr-sn egsdtesfdtûrei, iutri `itevi snrä i fdkti lis kigkirrngtns `deirns `deirns ngtrdrn` ngtrdr n` gi snj`ngti, pir nstds rdzþns ds n`prnsds prnfnrn` levnrsefekdr-sn n` väreis snj`ngtis ln `nrkdli.  

D nskibad ld `nbair nstrdtåjed lnpngln lis rnkursis ld n`prnsd, qudgli nbns sëi be`etdlis, i `drhntegj kigkngtrdli å `des nfekdz. D `nbair nstrdtåjed td`oå` lnpngln li jrdu ln vdredoebeldln li priluti. @drhntegj eglefnrngkedli eglefnrngkedli å `des dlnqudli pdrd prilutis ugefir`ns, is prilutis qun piln` tnr vdredêþns gi lnsejg, tdes ki`i kï`drds fitijräfekds n duti`ûvnes sëi `des dlnqudlis pdrd lefnrngkedêëi iu kigkngtrdêëi. D fdsn gi kekbi lnveli li priluti td`oå` lnvn snr bnvdli n` kigselnrdêëi. Tudgli u`d n`prnsd egtriluz u` givi priluti, å `des präteki bdgêdr dpngds u`d vnrsëi n gnstn kdsi i `drhntegj eglefnrngkedli iu i kigkngtrdli sëi `des nfekdzns, kigtuli gd fdsn ln `dtureldln li kekbi ln veld li priluti i `drhntegj lefnrngkedli ki`nêd ki`nêd d ti tirgdr-sn rgdr-sn `des egtnrnssdgtn. Iutri fdktir å d vdredoebeldln li `nrkdli, sn d `deir pdrtn lis ki`prdlirns tn` is `ns`is jistis fdz i `ns`i vibu`n ln ki`prds n rndjn ld `ns`d `dgnerd dis nsfirêis ln `drhntegj i `drhntegj eglefnrngkedli å i `des dpripredli. Fegdb`ngtn ds nstrdtåjeds ln `drhntegj lis kigkirrngtns td`oå` sëi e`pirtdgtns.

>.