Mera Vera Maria Termodinamica 3 7

 

  SNHRCWYHADA AC FSDXDTSH@ BDIS@QDA AC HNFCNHCWHD HNASYQWHD@ NMLGWC5 LCWD RCWD LDWHD AC@ IDWLCN LDQCWHD5 QCWLMAHNÄLHID ISWYM5 HNA-Y-NM-9-6 AMICNQC5 HNF. WDÕ@ FSYQDRM LDQD LSÔMU DÔM @CIQHRM5 7?74  ’  7?77  7?77

 

_WMICYMY QCWLMAHNÄLHIMY HYM 4) Mgscrvc c` vhacm cauidthvm dicrid ac Qcld5 _rmicsms tcrlmahnälhims Wcb. Yhstcld YCA 9.19 lhn, sdquc y amiulcntc sus imni`ushmncs y imnthnudihùn rcspmnad `ds prcfustds. Cn tmams `ms idsms ceclp`hbhquc.  d) ½Tuè cs prmicsm tcrlmahnälhim= Sn prmicsm tcrlmahnälhim prmicsm tcrlmahnälhim cs `d cvm`uihùn ac unds actcrlhndads ac tcrlhndads prmphcadacs, `ds iud`cs sc `ds acnmlhnd prmphcadacs acnmlhnd prmphcadacs tcrlmahnälhids, cn tcrlmahnälhids, cn rc`dihùn d un actcrlhndam shstcld actcrlhndam shstcld tcrlmahnälhim. _drd tcrlmahnälhim.  _drd pmacr cstuahdr un prmicsm tcrlmahnälhim sc rcquhcrc quc cstds c` shstcld cstè cn cquh`hgrhm cn cquh`hgrhm tcrlmahnälhim cn c` puntm hnhihd` y bhnd` ac` prmicsm; cs acihr, quc `ds ldfnhtuacs quc subrcn und vdrhdihùn d` pdsdr ac un cstdam d mtrm acgcn cstdr imlp`ctdlcntc acbhnhads cn sus cstdams hnhihd` y bhnd`.

g) _rmicsm  Hsmtèrlhim5 Hsmtèrlhim5   Acsirhgd sus idrditcrìsthids y frdbhquc und hsmtcrld cn ahdfrdld _R C` prmicsm hsmtèrlhim cs c` prmicsm ac imlprcshùn lcahdntc c` iud` `d tclpcrdturd sc ldnthcnc imnstdntc pcrm c` vm`ulcn y `d prcshùn vdrìdn. Yc acnmlhnd prmicsm hsmtèrlhim d` idlghm ac tclpcrdturd rcvcrshg`c cn un shstcld tcrlmahnälhim, shcnam ahijm idlghm ac tclpcrdturd imnstdntc cn tmam c` shstcld.

 

Imlm `d cncrfìd hntcrnd ac un fds hacd` sù`m acpcnac ac `d tclpcrdturd y, cn un prmicsm hsmtèrlhim pcrldncic imnstdntc cn `d cxpdnshùn, c` c ` id`mr tmldam ac` bmim cs hfud` d` trdgdem rcd`hzdam pmr c` fds5 T < V.

_ucacn miurrhr cn iud`quhcr thpm ac shstcld quc tcnfd d`fõn lcahm pdrd rcfu`dr `d tclpcrdturd.

i) _rmicsm Hsmgärhim5 _rmicsm Hsmgärhim5 Acsirhgd  Acsirhgd sus prmphcadacs, frdbhquc prmicsm cn ahdfrdld _R Sn prmicsm hsmgärhim cs un acsdrrm``m tcrlmahnälhim cn c` iud` `d prcshùn pcrldncic ac bmrld imnstdntc. Cstm fcncrd`lcntc sc mgthcnc d` pcrlhthr pc rlhthr quc c` vm`ulcn sc cxpdnad m imntrdhfd ac td` ldncrd quc ncutrd`hic iud`quhcr idlghm ac prcshùn quc pucad idusdr `d trdnsbcrcnihd ac id`mr. Yhn clgdrfm, c` trdgdem d und prcshùn imnstdntc pucac id`iu`drsc  gdstdntc bäih`lcntc imn `d ciudihùn5 V < p * Α R  R  _rmicsm hsmgärhim  ’  idrditcrìsthi idrditcrìsthids ds prhnihpd`cs 

 

_drd und ldsd bhed ac fds d prcshùn imnstdntc, c` vm`ulcn cs ahrcitdlcntc prmpmrihmnd` d `d tclpcrdturd Kc`vhn.

 Imlm V cs c` trdgdem, p cs `d prcshùn (shclprc pmshthvd) y ΑR cs c` idlghm cn c` c ` vm`ulcn,  pmaclms vcr quc jdy ams pmshg`cs rcsu`tdams cn un prmicsm hsmgärhim5

  Yh c` shstcld sc cxpdnac (ΑR cs pmshthvm), pm shthvm), cntmnics c` shstcld jdic un trdgdem



 pmshthvm (y vhicvcrsd) 

  Yh c` shstcld sc imntrdc (ΑR cs ncfdthvm), cntmnics c` shstcld rcd`hzd un trdgdem ncfdthvm (y vhicvcrsd)

_rmicsm Hsmlètrhim m hsmiùrhim5 a) ½D Tuè sc acnmlhnd _rmicsm Hsmlètrhim  hsmiùrhim5 frdbhquc  frdbhquc prmicsm cn ahdfrdld _R  C` prmicsm hsmiùrhim cs un prmicsm un  prmicsm tcrlmahnälhim quc miurrc cn un vm`ulcn imnstdntc. _drd ``cvdr d idgm un u n prmicsm hsmiùrhim cn un fds m `ìquham, cs subhihcntc id`cntdr (cnbrhdr) und sustdnihd cn un rcihphcntc quc nm idlghd su vm`ulcn.

c) ½D Tuè sc acnmlhnd _rmicsm dahdgäthim= Ceclp`hbhquc   C` prmicsm dahdgäthim prmpmrihmnd und gdsc imnicptud` rhfurmsd pdrd `d tcmrìd uth`hzdad pdrd cxpmncr `d prhlcrd `cy ac `d tcrlmahnälhid, y imlm td`, cs un imnicptm i`dvc cn `d tcrlmahnälhid. `d  tcrlmahnälhid.   Sn prmicsm dahdgäthim miurrc mi urrc shn `d trdnsbcrcnihd ac id`mr m ldsd ac sustdnihds cntrc un shstcld tcrlmahnälhim y sus d`rcacamrcs.

 

 

Ihi`ms ac `ms lmtmrcs tèrlhims _drtc ac `ms ihi`ms ac `ms lmtmrcs tèrlhims smn prmicsms dahdgäthims. C` ih`hnarm ac` phstùn cs nucstrm  nucstrm   shstcld tcrlmahnälhim. tcrlmahnälhim. Aurdntc  Aurdntc `d bdsc ac i mlprcshùn mlprcshùn ac` ih`hnarm ac un lmtmr sc trdnsbhcrc id`mr. Yhn clgdrfm, `d imlprc shùn sc rcd`hzd tdn räphadlcntc quc c` id`mr trdnsbcrham cs luy `hlhtdam. Cstc prmicsm cstä hacd`hzdam pdrd scr dahdgäthim.