Memorex Inss 2

 

 

Oboarbx ^rã-CD\\ “ Pãldcla “ Za`k`k >:

Pa`as as `crbctas rbsbrvk`as. pracjc`k lüpck, pfëmca au llaobrlckfczkíìa. aobrlckfczkíìa. ^bdskr Ladlursas.

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Oboarbx ^rã-CD\\ “ Pãldcla “ Za`k`k >:

^krkjãds par tbr `k`a bssb pkssa copartkdtb dk suk prbpkrkíìa, obu kocma(k). Pboas PAPKF lbrtbzk `b qub bstb oktbrckf vkc tb ekzbr mkdhkr ouctks qubstòbs b mkrkdtcr k suk kpravkíìa. Ualç bstë tbd`a klbssa kmark î Za`k`k  >:. Ks autrks >< ra`k`ks sbrìa `cspadcjcfczk`ks dk suk ërbk `b obojras ladearob a lradamrkok kjkcxa7

Oktbrckf Za`k`k >; Za`k`k >: Za`k`k >< Za`k`k >0 Za`k`k >2 Za`k`k >5

@ktk @cspadïvbf Cob`cktkobdtb @cspadïvbf Cob`cktkobdtb >5/;: ;/;:

Ladvão obdlcadkr qub ta`as qub k`qucrcrbo a oktbrckf laopfbta crìa rblbjbr PA@K\ K\ laoprk.   ZA@K@K\ gë `cspadïvbcs, cd`bpbd`bdtb `k `ktk `b laoprk. Dbssb oktbrckf ealkoas tkojão das tboks okcs scopfbs b lao okcs @BLAZBJK, pacs, ouctks vbzbs, as `bcxkoas `b fk`a b cssa pa`b, cdebfczobdtb, lustkr cd÷obrks pascíòbs da rbsuftk`a ecdkf. Fbojrb-sb7 uok jak rbvcsìa ã a sbmrb`a `k K^ZAUKÍÌA. ^artkdta, utcfczb a dassa oktbrckf lao ta`a a sbu bsearía, bstu`kd`a b kpraeud`kd`a lk`k uok `ks `clks. \b hauvbr qukfqubr `÷vc`k, valç pa`b bdtrkr bo ladtkta ladasla bdvckd`a suks `÷vc`ks pkrk7 ktbd`cobdtaNpbdskrladlursas.lao 

Pa`as as `crbctas rbsbrvk`as. pracjc`k lüpck, pfëmca au llaobrlckfczkíìa. aobrlckfczkíìa. ^bdskr Ladlursas.

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Oboarbx ^rã-CD\\ “ Pãldcla “ Za`k`k >:

ÏD@CLB FÏDMRK ^AZPRMRB\K  ....................................................................................................0 CDEAZOËPCLK  ...................................................................................................................;< \BMRZC@K@B \ALCKF  ....................................................................................................;5 ÃPCLK  ...................................................................................................................................... @CZBCPA LAD\PCPRLCADKF  ......................................................................................28 ZFO  ..........................................................................................................................................50

Pa`as as `crbctas rbsbrvk`as. pracjc`k lüpck, pfëmca au llaobrlckfczkíìa. aobrlckfczkíìa. ^bdskr Ladlursas.

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Oboarbx ^rã-CD\\ “ Pãldcla “ Za`k`k >: FÏDMRK ^AZPRMRB\K @CLK >; PC^AFAMCK PBXPRKF - PC^A CDGRDPCUA A  tcpa cdgudtcva passuc k ecdkfc`k`b `b cdstrucr b arcbdtkr a fbctar. @bssb oa`a ã utcfczk`a vbrja da copbrktcva, da  cdecdctcva cdecdctcva   au  prbsbdtb `a cd`clktcva, lao  cd`btbrocdkíìa `a sugbcta. sugbcta. Ad`b pa`boas bdladtrkr tbxtas cdgudtcvas1 Bo  okdukcs `b cdstruíòbs, rblbctks, jufks, rbmufkobdtas, b`ctkcs, lü`cmas b fbcs.

ZB\ROA @K\ ^ZCDLC^KC\ LKZKLPBZÏ\PCLK\  LKZKLPBZÏ\PCLK\  Ubrja da copbrktcva9 Rtcfczkíìa `b pradaobs `b trktkobdta b vbrjas oa`kfczk`arbs, laoa  ‖`bvbr‟, ‖tbr qub‟, ‖prblcskr‟. 

^rb`aocdêdlck `k laar`bdkíìa. \bquçdlcks `b cdstruíòbs au laokd`as.  laokd`as.  @CLK >: PC^A BX^A\CPCUA A tcpa bxpasctcva tbo par ecdkfc`k`b   cdearokr cdearokr   a fbctar par obca `k bxpascíìa `b  c`bcks b rkzòbs `b uo tbok bspblïecla. 

Dìa hë k cdtbdíìa `b ladvbdlbr a fbctar  utcfczk`k uok fcdmukmbo lfkrk.  fbctar b ã utcfczk`k  A cdtucta ã scopfbsobd scopfbsobdtb tb bxpar padtas `b vcstk b ladhblcobdta sajrb a kssudta. Bx.7 pravk `cslurscvk `b @crbcta9 krtcma lcbdtïecla9 rbpartkmbo.

@CLK >< PC^A BX^A\CPCUA A tbxta bxpasctcva sb bstruturk kssco7  kprbsbdtkíìa   b  ladtbxtukfczkíìa `a tbok, lao a  rbfkta `a Cdtra`uíìa7 hë k  kprbsbdtkíìa ajgbtcva `a tbxta. @bsbdvafvcobdta7 hë uok bxpfclkíìa lfkrk b ajgbtcvk `a kssudta. kssudta.   Ladlfusìa7 a kssudta ã rbkecrok`a, lao uo  rbsuoa `as ladtb÷`as kpadtk`as `urkdtb a tbxta.

Pa`as as `crbctas rbsbrvk`as. pracjc`k lüpck, pfëmca au llaobrlckfczkíìa. aobrlckfczkíìa. ^bdskr Ladlursas.

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Oboarbx ^rã-CD\\ “ Pãldcla “ Za`k`k >: @CLK >0 PC^A ^ZB@CPCUA Laoa a prüprca daob gë `cz, a  tcpa prb`ctcva ‖prb`cz‟, ‖`cz kdtbs‟. Cd`clk uok prbvcsìa au cdearokíìa sajrb a eutura, kdtblcpkd`a as bvbdtas qub, `b klar`a lao a bdudlck`ar, kladtblbrìa. Bx.7  harüslapa b praeblcks. ^ar cssa, ã prb`aocdkdtb a usa `b vbrjas da eutura. As cdtbrfalutarbs `cslar`ko, ladlar`ko, ladlfubo, gustceclko b bxbopfceclko suks ladvbrsks.

AZPAMZKECK AECLCKF

@CLK >2

K artamrkeck aeclckf, au scopfbsobdtb, artamrkeck, bo suok, `bdaocdk-sb laoa sbd`a uok vbrtbdtb `k mrkoëtclk, `b`clkd`a-sb ka bstu`a `k bslrctk `b earok larrbtk  `k Fïdmuk ^artumubsk. Latc`ckdkobdtb, ekfkoas b bslrbvboas kfmuoks pkfkvrks `b earok brrðdbk, hkgk vcstk qub, `b tkdta sb rbpbtcrbo, bdtbd`boas par sbr k earok larrbtk. Ladtu`a, dìa ã, b pa`b lkcr dk suk pravk! Ubgkoas kfmuds bxbopfas7

EAZOK BZZÐDBK

EAZOK LAZZBPK

K`vcdhkr

K`cvcdhkr

Ktbrrcskr

Ktbrrcsskr

Jkd`bcgk

Jkd`bgk

Jutbla

Jatbla

@CLK >5 AZPAMZKECK AECLCKF Ks jkdlks koko bssb tbok, par cssa, `krboas ouctk çdeksb k bfb. [ubrboas qub valç kjsarvk ka oëxcoa k bslrcturk `ks pkfkvrks dk suk earok larrbtk. ^krk tkdta, obdlcadk`a autrks pkfkvrks qub, `ckrckobdtb, ekfkoas b bslrbvboas, ouctk `ks vbzbs, `b earok brrðdbk, b, pa`b sbr suk `÷vc`k dk hark `b ksscdkfkr k kftbrdktcvk larrbtk `k qubstìa!

@blarb-ks7

Pa`as as `crbctas rbsbrvk`as. pracjc`k lüpck, pfëmca au llaobrlckfczkíìa. aobrlckfczkíìa. ^bdskr Ladlursas.

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Oboarbx ^rã-CD\\ “ Pãldcla “ Za`k`k >: EAZOK BZZÐDBK

EAZOK LAZZBPK

Lkrkdmubcga

Lkrkdmubga

Jabcra

Jubcra

Copblcfha

Bopblcfha

Erkmêdlck

Erkmrêdlck

@CLK >= KLBDPRKÍÌA As klbdtas mrëeclas bstkjbfblbo, `b klar`a lao ks rbmrks bxcstbdtbs, k cdtbdsc`k`b `ks sïfkjks dks pkfkvrks. Dk fïdmuk partumubsk, as klbdtas mrëeclas sìa7

Klbdta Kmu`a (° )7 kpkrblb sajrb ks fbtrks k, c, u b sajrb a b (da lksa `b “bo). \uk eudíìa ã cd`clkr k ks vamkcs tðdclks . Bx.7 \k÷`b9 ^krkdë. ^a`b cd`clkr uo tcojrb kjbrta. Bx.7 lhufã9 hbrüc.

Klbdta Mrkvb (n) “ Okcs ladhblc`a laoa lrksb. Bx.7 î9 îqubfk.

Klbdta Lcrludefbxa (T) “ Kpkrblb dks vamkcs ‖k‟, ‖b‟ b ‖a‟,  cd`clk k vamkf tðdclk b a tcojrb eblhk`a dk prad÷dlck. Bx.7 Uavð9 oçs. K klbdtukíìa mrëeclk rbfklcadk-sb lao k pascíìa `k sïfkjk tðdclk dks pkfkvrks. Bxcstbo rbmrks bspblïeclks pkrk pkfkvrks axïtadks, pkraxïtadks b prapkraxïtadks.

@CLK >8 KLBDPRKÍÌA MZËECLK “ AXÏPADK\ B ^ZA^KZAXÏPADK\ Klbdtuko-sb ks axïtadks tbrocdk`ks bo  k(s)7 k(s)7   Bx.7 ^krë b okrklugës.  Pa`as as `crbctas rbsbrvk`as. pracjc`k lüpck, pfëmca au llaobrlckfczkíìa. aobrlckfczkíìa. ^bdskr Ladlursas.

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Oboarbx ^rã-CD\\ “ Pãldcla “ Za`k`k >: Klbdtuko-sb ks axïtadks tbrocdk`ks bo  b(s)7 b(s)7   Bx.7 lkeã b ktã.  Klbdtuko-sb ks axïtadks tbrocdk`ks bo  a(s)7 Bx.7 vavð b kvüs.  Klbdtuko-sb ks axïtadks tbrocdk`ks bo  bo b bd(s)7 bd(s)7   Bx.7 krokzão b pkrkjãds. 

Pa`ks ks pkfkvrks prapkraxïtadks sìa klbdtuk`ks!  Bx.7 oã`cla, fêopk`k b p÷jfcla.

@CLK >3 BO^ZBMA @K\ LFK\\B\ @B ^KFKUZK\ - OAZEAFAMCK Bo sb trktkd`a `b bstu`as `b Fïdmuk ^artumubsk, bssb tüpcla ã uo `as okcs copartkdtbs.  Ktrkvãs `k oareafamck ã qub sb `ë a bstu`a `a boprbma `ks lfkssbs `b pkfkvrks. ^krk tkdta, ã copartkdtb skjbr qukcs sìa bssks lfkssbs. Bxcstbo ks lfkssbs7  lfkssbs7 

UKZCËUBC\7  UKZCËUBC\7  bssks k`octbo efbxìa, au sbgk, pa`bo vkrckr bo mçdbra, d÷obra b mrku. Bx.7 sujstkdtcva, krtcma, k`gbtcva, pradaob, duobrkf b vbrja.  CDUKZCËUBC\7 DÌA DÌA   k`octbo efbxìa, au sbgk, dìa vkrcko bo mçdbra, d÷obra au mrku. Bx.7 pkfkvrk `bdatktcvk, prbpascíìa, ladgudíìa, cdtbrgbcíìa.  @CLK ;> KZPCMA Krtcma7  Ã k pkfkvrk qub sb kdtbpòb ka sujstkdtcva  b cd`clk sb bfb bstë sbd`a boprbmk`a `b earok cd`becdc`k au `becdc`k.

KZPCMA\ @BECDC@A\

KZPCMA\ CD@BECDC@A\

A, K, A\, K\.

RO, ROK, RD\, ROK\.

Bx.7 Laoprbc Laoprbc a  a vbstc`a vbrobfha.

Bx.7 Laoprbc uo uo vbstc`a  vbstc`a vbrobfha.

Bxprcob k c`bck `b uo vbstc`a vbrobfha bspblïecla. 

Bxprcob k c`bck `b uo u o vbstc`a vbrobfha qukfqubr.

Pa`as as `crbctas rbsbrvk`as. pracjc`k lüpck, pfëmca au llaobrlckfczkíìa. aobrlckfczkíìa. ^bdskr Ladlursas.

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Oboarbx ^rã-CD\\ “ Pãldcla “ Za`k`k >: @CLK ;; K@GBPCUA ^kfkvrk qub bxprbssk qukfc`k`b qukfc`k`b  au lkrkltbrïstclk `a sbr.

Lfkssceclkíìa `a k`gbtcva7  k`gbtcva7  ZB\PZCPCUA7 @bdatk qukfc`k`b qub pa`b sbr rbtcrk`k  `a sujstkdtcva. ^ar bxbopfa, dbo ta`a a haobo ã cdtbfcmbdtb . ‖Cdtbfcmbdtb‟ ã uo k`gbtcva rbstrctcva qub `cz rbspbcta ka haobo. BX^FCLKPCUA7  @bdatk qukfc`k`b qub dìa pa`b sbr rbtcrk`k  `a sujstkdtcva. ^ar bxbopfa, ta`a a eama ã qubdtb, dìa bxcstb eama erca. ‖[ubdtb‟ ã uo k`gbtcva bxpfclktcva qub `cz rbspbcta ka eama. @CLK ;: R\A @K UÏZMRFK Ualç vbrë kfmuds lksas copartkdtbs bo qub hë a usa `k vïrmufk7

^krk \B^KZKZ ^krk  \B^KZKZ bfbobdtas7 Bx.7 Pbarck, rbvcsìa, qubstòbs b scoufk`as sìa a pfkda pbrebcta pkrk k kpravkíìa dk pravk `k AKJ. copartkdtb7  sb ear uok fcstk `b vërcks lacsks, k vïrmufk sbrë AJ\.7 Rok `clk jbo copartkdtb7 dblbssërck! 

Rsa `k vïrmufk BDPZB K^A\PA7 Bx.7 Okrckdk, praebssark `b ^artumuçs, bstë `b eãrcks.

AJ\.7 Ubgk qub a qub bstë bdtrb vïrmufks dk erksb klcok ã uo kpasta bxpfclktcva. Bdtìa, hkvbrë vïrmufk! \boprb qub bxcstcr uok bxpfclkíìa da obca `k arkíìa7 hkvbrë vïrmufk! 

Rsa `k vïrmufk @B^AC\ @A UALKPCUA7  UALKPCUA7  Bx.7 Mbürmck, fbck a b-okcf qub bstë dk suk lkcxk `b bdtrk`k!  ‖lhkokobdta‟.. @bssb oa`a, hkvbrë a usa `k vïrmufk AJ\.7 Ubgk qub hë uo ‖lhkokobdta‟ kpüs a ‖lhkokobdta‟. 

Pa`as as `crbctas rbsbrvk`as. pracjc`k lüpck, pfëmca au llaobrlckfczkíìa. aobrlckfczkíìa. ^bdskr Ladlursas.

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Oboarbx ^rã-CD\\ “ Pãldcla “ Za`k`k >: Rsa dk vïrmufk dk CDPBZLKFKÍÌA @B PBXPA\7  PBXPA\7  Bx.7 G÷fck dìa vkc, `b oa`a kfmuo, ekfhkr. kfmuo‟ bstë ‖qubjrkd`a‟ ‖qubjrkd`a‟ k  k erksb. @bssb oa`a, hë k AJ\.7 Ubgk qub ‖`b oa`a kfmuo‟ bstë lafalkíìa `b vïrmufks. 

R\A @K UÏZMRFK

@CLK ;<

Ubgk autras lksas copartkdtbs klbrlk `a usa `k vïrmufk7

Rsa `k vïrmufk K^Ü\ A\ K@UÃZJCA\ ‖\CO‟ B ‖DÌA‟7  Bx.7 \co, bu bstau ebfcz lao a obu lkskobdta. Dìa, bfb dìa `bu scdkf `b vc`k. ‖sco‟   b `a ‖dìa‟ ‖dìa‟   bo rbspastks7  hë a usa `k AJ\.7  Ubgk qub kpüs a usa `a ‖sco‟ vïrmufk! 

Rsa `k vïrmufk pkrk \B^KZKZ RO K@GRDPA K@UBZJCKF KDPBLC^K@A AR CDPBZLKFK@A BDPZB A @C\LRZ\A7 K`gudta k`vbrjckf `bsfalk`a ktã < pkfkvrks ? vïrmufk A^LCADKF. K`gudta k`vbrjckf `bsfalk`a FADMA ? vïrmufk AJZCMKPÜZCK. Bx.7 Dk `ktk `b adtbo , bu bslrbvc uo fcvra. 

Rsa `k vïrmufk dk aocssìa `b vbrjas7 Bx.7 Ukoas ka lcdbok9 bfbs, ka tbktra. AJ\.7 Ubgk qub k vïrmufk kpüs ‖bfbs‟ sujstctuc a vbrja ‖cr‟.

@CLK ;0 R\A @K UÏZMRFK Kcd`k, hë a usa `k vïrmufk das sbmucdtbs lksas7

Rsa `k vïrmufk bo arkíòbs sujar`cdk`ks k`gbtcvks bxpfclktcvks7  bxpfclktcvks7  Bx.7 Okrthk Ob`bcras, qub ã bslrctark `b lrðdclks , oark da Jrkscf.

AJ\.7  Ubgk qub qukd`a k cdearokíìa ã klbssürck, hë a usa `k vïrmufk, laoa da Bxbopfa klcok. Dbo sboprb qukd`a a ‖qub‟ kpkrblb hkvbrë k vïrmufk dk erksb.  Pa`as as `crbctas rbsbrvk`as. pracjc`k lüpck, pfëmca au llaobrlckfczkíìa. aobrlckfczkíìa. ^bdskr Ladlursas.

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Oboarbx ^rã-CD\\ “ Pãldcla “ Za`k`k >:

Rsa `k vïrmufk pkrk csafkr bxprbssòbs qub cd`clko uok bxpfclkíìa7  bxpfclkíìa7  Bx.7 Okrc `bvb ekzbr a kfoaía rkpc`kobdtb, csta ã, ktã îs ;; harks. K lkcxk `b fcvras pbsk trçs qucfamrkoks , au sbgk, trçs ocf mrkoks.

AJ\.7 Autrks bxprbssòbs qub cd`clko uok bxpfclkíìa7 par bxbopfa, kfcës.

Rsa `k vïrmufk pkrk sbpkrkr arkíòbs laar`bdk`ks scd`ãtclks7 Bx.7 Dìa ob scdta prbpkrk`k pkrk lkskr , pacs laoblbc k dkoarkr rblbdtbobdtb.  ‖pacs‟   ã uok ladgudíìa bxpfclktcvk. Hë a usa `k vïrmufk pkrk AJ\.7 Ubgk qub ‖pacs‟ sbpkrkr arkíòbs laar`bdk`ks scd`ãtclks lao ladgudíòbs7

KFPBZDKPCUK\, K@UBZ\KPCUK\, BX^FCLKPCUK\ AR LADLFR\CUK\. @CLK ;2 ^ZACJCÍÌA @A R\A @K UÏZMRFK LRC@K@A! Hë lksas bspblïeclas bo qub k vïrmufk ã  ^ZACJC@K! ^ZACJC@K! DÌA DÌA   sb `bvb uskr k vïrmufk pkrk7 \bpkrkr a sugbcta `a prb`clk`a7 Gkokcs Gkokcs   utcfczb k vïrmufk pkrk sbpkrkr a sugbcta `a prb`clk`a. Ubgk a bxbopfa kjkcxa7 Bx.7 Jbktrcz laobu ebcgak`k lao ks croìs bo lksk . (LAZZBPA) 

Jbktrcz, laobu ebcgak`k lao ks croìs bo lksk. (BZZK@A)  AJ\.7 Obsoa qub a sugbcta bstbgk da pfurkf DÌA  hkvbrë vïrmufk pkrk sbpkrkr a sugbcta `a prb`clk`a. Ã oucta laouo klhkr qub, dbssb lksa, hkvbrë vïrmufk. Bx.7 Haobds `b `cvbrsas fumkrbs futkrko pbfk pkz oud`ckf. (LAZZBPA) 

Haobds `b `cvbrsas fumkrbs, futkrko pbfk pkz oud`ckf.  (BZZK@A) @CLK ;5 ^ZACJCÍÌA @A R\A @K UÏZMRFK Kcd`k, dìa ã passïvbf uskr k vïrmufk pkrk7

\bpkrkr a vbrja `a laopfbobdta7 Ubgk a bxbopfa kjkcxa7 Haobds, oufhbrbs b lrckdíks sb `cvbrtcrko, da pkrqub `k lc`k`b. (BZZK@A)  Haobds, oufhbrbs b lrckdíks sb `cvbrtcrko da pkrqub `k lc`k`b. (LBZPA) 

Pa`as as `crbctas rbsbrvk`as. pracjc`k lüpck, pfëmca au llaobrlckfczkíìa. aobrlckfczkíìa. ^bdskr Ladlursas.

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Oboarbx ^rã-CD\\ “ Pãldcla “ Za`k`k >: PAOB DAPK! Pkojão dìa ã usk`k k vïrmufk pkrk7 Arkíìa sujar`cdk`k k`gbtcvk rbstrctcvk7  Bx.7 As b-okcfs qub Zbdktk bdvcau bstìa saj k obsk `a bslrctürca. k`gbtcvks rbstrctcvks dìa sìa sbpkrk`ks AJ\.7 Bdtìa, vbgk qub ks arkíòbs sujar`cdk`ks k`gbtcvks par vïrmufks b ks k s bxpfclktcvks sìa.

@CLK ;= LADLAZ@ÊDLCK UBZJKF \ugbcta paspasta7 sugbcta bstë  `bpacs `a vbrja. Bxcstbo  :  okdbcrks `b ladlar`êdlcks7 A vbrja eclk da pfurkf7 @arocrko bo lksk k oìb b ks ecfhks. A vbrja eclk da scdmufkr b ladlar`k lao a d÷lfba qub sb bdladtrk okcs prüxcoa7 @arocu bo lksk k oìb b ks ecfhks. LRC@K@A! \b a vbrja vcbr lao a   pradaob \B b hauvbr  ZBLC^ZALC@K@B, k ladlar`êdlck sbrë ebctk da ^FRZKF! Bx.7 Kjrkíkrko-sb Okrck b G÷fck.

@CLK ;8 LADLAZ@ÊDLCK UBZJKF \ugbcta laopasta par pbssaks mrkoktclkcs `cstcdtks7 Ubrja  pfurkf. ^arão, hë hcbrkrquck da qub tkdmb î bslafhk `k pbssak. ;ª pbssak prbvkfblb sajrb k :ª b BXBO^FA\ @B ZBMÇDLCK DAOCDKF K`bpta `b 

Ekvarëvbf k 

Zbebrbdtb  k 

Kfhbca k 

Ebfcz `b, par, bo, lao 

Zbfktcva k 

Kdscasa par, pkrk 

Coprüprca pkrk 

Zbsc`bdtb bo bo  

Kpta k, pkrk 

Coudb k, `b 

Zcmarasa lao, bo

Kvbrsìa k, par 

Cdaebdscva k, pkrk 

\copktck k, par par  

Jbdãecla k, pkrk 

Cd÷tcf k, pkrk 

×ftcoa k, bo

Lcbdtb `b 

Gudta k, `b 

Rdcìa lao, bdtrb, k k  

Laopasta par, `b 

Fcvrb `b 

Ukzca `b `b  

Ladtbdtb lao, par, `b 

^krkfbfa k 

Uczcdha k, `b  `b 

@bsprbza k, par par  

^rüxcoa k, `b

Uufdbrëvbf k 

Pa`as as `crbctas rbsbrvk`as. pracjc`k lüpck, pfëmca au llaobrlckfczkíìa. aobrlckfczkíìa. ^bdskr Ladlursas.

;:

 

 

Oboarbx ^rã-CD\\ “ Pãldcla “ Za`k`k >: CDEAZOËPCLK @CLK :; ]CD@A]\ ;> - A^ÍÒB\ @B BDLBZZKOBDPA @A ]CD@A]\ A ]cd`aws passuc kfmuoks apíòbs `b bdlbrrkobdta. Ks apíòbs sìa klbssïvbcs ktrkvãs `a obdu cdclckr, parão tkojão ã passïvbf klbssë-fks utcfczkd`a a ktkfha KFP + E0 dk ërbk `b trkjkfha. Ks apíòbs sìa7 @bsfcmkr - Eblhk ta`as as kpfclktcvas b `bsfcmk a laoputk`ar. fcmk -a davkobdtb. Zbcdclckr - Eblhk ta`as as kpfclktcvas, `bsfcmk a laoputk`ar b fcmk-a

\uspbd`br - A laoputk`ar pbrokdblb fcmk`a, oks lao jkcxa ladsuoa `b bdbrmck. As kpfclktcvas eclko kjbrtas, kssco, qukd`a a laoputk`ar ã ktcvk`a, vaftkrë ka padta bo qub bstkvk. Pralkr Rsuërca - Pralk `b usuërca sbo eblhkr kpfclktcvas. \kcr - Eblhk ta`as as kpfclktcvas b ekz famaee `a usuërca. @CLK :: LADLBCPA @B ^K\PK\, @CZBPÜZCA\, KZ[RCUA\ ^kstks sìa utcfczk`ks pkrk kmrupkr ctbds, ã uok earok `b armkdczkíìa. Ro `crbtürca tbo k obsok eudíìa qub uok pkstk. Ro krqucva ã uo laopadbdtb qub tbo ladtb÷`a, qub tbo cdearokíìa. Bfb pa`b sbr `a tcpa Pbxta, @k`a, Jcdërca, Bxblutëvbf btl. Da ]cd`aws, pkstks b krqucvas tço pbrocssìa `b klbssa, qub ã `becdc`a da obdu `b ladtbxta dk apíìa praprcb`k`bs ka lfclkr lao jatìa `crbcta sajrb a ctbo, dk kjk sbmurkdík. Krqucvas tço bxtbdsòbs, bfks rbprbsbdtko qukf a tcpa `b krqucva b eklcfctko qukf pramrkok pa`b kjrc-fa. Bx.7 Krqucva;.`alx ã uo krqucva `a ]ar`. Bxblutkvbf.bxb ã uo krqucva qub sbrë bxblutk`a pbfa ]cd`aws. @CLK :<

OAUCOBDPKÍÌA @B KZ[RCUA\ DA BX^FAZBZ, LA^CKZ, LAFKZ Rtcfczk-sb a ]cd`aws Bxpfarbr pkrk mbrbdlckr krqucvas da ]cd`aws. Ã passïvbf lapckr (LPZF + L) krqucvas b lafë-fas (LPZF + U)  pkrk autrks pkstks. Pkojão ã passïvbf oavbr oavbr  krqucvas b pkstks. Lksa uo krqucva sbgk lapck`a pkrk `bdtra `b uok pkstk ad`b gë bxcstk uo krqucva lao a obsoa daob, a ]cd`aws crë pbrmudtkr sb `bsbgk7 \ujstctucr a krqucva da `bstcda9 Cmdarkr bstb krqucva9 Laopkrkr cdearokíòbs pkrk kojas as krqucvas. Pa`as as `crbctas rbsbrvk`as. pracjc`k lüpck, pfëmca au llaobrlckfczkíìa. aobrlckfczkíìa. ^bdskr Ladlursas.

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Oboarbx ^rã-CD\\ “ Pãldcla “ Za`k`k >: Da lksa `b lapckr uo krqucva b lafkr dk obsok pkstk bo qub a krqucva eac lapck`a, sbrë ebctk uok lüpck `a krqucva b a daob sbrë kftbrk`a pkrk ‖daob `a krqucva - Lapck‟   Ã passïvbf lapckr krqucvas utcfczkd`a a jatìa `crbcta `a oausb. \brë dblbssërca krrkstëfa lao a jatìa `crbcta `a oausb ktã k pkstk `b `bstcda. Pbrë ks sbmucdtbs apíòbs7 Lapckr Kquc, Oavbr pkrk Lë, Lrckr ktkfhas kquc.

@CLK :0 OAUCOBDPKÍÌA @B KZ[RCUA\ DA BX^FAZBZ, OAUBZ B ZBLAZPKZ K apíìa `b rblartkr (LPZF + X)  uo krqucva sb kssbobfhk lao k `b oavbr, qukd`a sb rblartk uo krqucva, bstb crë pkrk k ërbk `b trkdsebrçdlck  b qukd`a ear lafk`a da `bstcda, a krqucva cdclckf `bcxkrë `b bxcstcr, b xcstcr, bxcstcd`a, kmark, saobdtb da `bstcda. ^arão, ekz-sb dblbssërca uok rbsskfvk, lksa k apíìa `b oavbr sbgk k bslafhc`k, csta ã, a krqucva sbgk krrkstk`a utcfczkd`a-sb a jatìa bsqubr`a `a oausb `b uok pkstk pkrk autrk, lksa a krqucva bstbgk bo autrk pkrtcíìa, bfb dìa sbrë bxlfuï`a b sbrë ebctk uok lüpck dk pkrtcíìa `b `bstcda. Lksa a krqucva sbgk krrkstk`a utcfczkd`a a jatìa `crbcta `a oausb b k apíìa Oavbr pkrk Lë sbgk bslafhc`k, a krqucva tkojão `bcxkrë `b bxcstcr dk pkstk `b arcmbo. 

@CLK :2 OAUCOBDPKÍÌA @B KZ[RCUA\, BXLFR\ÌA ^krk bxlfucr uo krqucva, jkstk sbfblcadkr a krqucva b prbsscadkr k tblfk `bfbtb . Kssco, a krqucva sbrë bdvck`a pkrk k Fcxbcrk  b `bstb oa`a pa`b sbr rblupbrk`a pastbrcarobdtb. ^arão, lksa `bsbgb bxlfucr a krqucva `becdctcvkobdtb , prbsscadb bo ladgudta ks tblfks \HCEP + @BF. Kssco, a krqucva dìa sbrë bdvck`a pkrk k Fcxbcrk. Lksa uo ktkfha sbgk `bfbtk`a, utcfczkd`a k tblfk @BF au k laojcdkíìa \HCEP+ @BF , csta dìa crë kebtkr k ebtkr as krqucvas arcmcdkcs, kpbdks a ktkfha sbrë bxlfuï`a. Ka `bfbtkr uo krqucva `b uo pbd-`rcvb au autrk oï`ck bxtbrdk , obsoa utcfczkd`a kpbdks k tblfk @BF, a krqucva dìa sbrë bdvck`a k Fcxbcrk, sbrë bxlfuï`a `becdctcvkobdtb. \bd`a passïvbf saobdtb k suk rblupbrkíìa lao ebrrkobdtks bspblckfczk`ks.

@CLK :5 LAZZBCA BFBPZÐDCLA - EAZOKPA @B RO BD@BZBÍA @B B-OKCF Ro b-okcf tbo a sbmucdtb earoktab daob`abokcfNdaob`a`aocdca `a b-okcf mbrkfobdtb bslafhc`a pbfa usuërca a daob `a `aoïdca ã `b ad`b abfbdaob pbrtbdlb, Mokcf,ã Autfaai au b-okcfs prcvk`as. A usuërca tbo k apíìa `b pa`br bslafhbr a daob `a `aoïdca, parão, pkrk cssa ã dblbssërca ladtrktk ladtrktkrr kfmuo sbrvcía eardblc`a par pravb`arbs. Ks tbrocdkíòbs `b b-okcf lkrkltbrczko k qubo pbrtbdlb kqubfb b-okcf. As b-okcfs papufkrbs laoa mokcf, autfaai, lao tbrocdkíòbs bo Nmokcf.lao au Nautfaai.lao tbo, mbrkfobdtb, lkrëtbr pkrtclufkr. Ro b-okcf qub tbrocdb lao .arm .mav .gus .ocf .b`u tbo lkrkltbrïstclks rbfklcadk`ks rbfklcadk`ks ka qub `b ekta pbrtbdlbo. .arm - rbebrb-sb k armkdczkíòb armkdczkíòbss dìa mavbrdkobdtkcs9 .mav - armkdczkíòb armkdczkíòbss `a mavbrda9 .gus - ürmìas `a gu`clcërca9 .ocf - ürmìas ocfctkrbs9 Pa`as as `crbctas rbsbrvk`as. pracjc`k lüpck, pfëmca au llaobrlckfczkíìa. aobrlckfczkíìa. ^bdskr Ladlursas.

;0

 

 

Oboarbx ^rã-CD\\ “ Pãldcla “ Za`k`k >: .b`u - rbfklcadk`a k b`ulkíìa.

@CLK := KDBXA\  [ukd`a sb `bsbgk bdvckr uo `aluobdta bxtbrda ktrkvãs `a b-okcf, sbgk uok eata, uo krqucva `b tbxta (.`alx, p`e), uok pfkdcfhk, krqucvas laopkltk`as btl. As kdbxas tço fcoctb `b tkokdha da bdvca, bdtìa tbo qub eclkr ktbdta. Lk`k pravb`ar eardblb uo fcoctb `cebrbdtb. Mokcf :2OJ, Autfaai :>OJ. Bstb fcoctb rbebrb-sb î saok tatkf `b krqucvas bdvck`as, par bxbopfa, lksa sbgko kdbxk`as `acs krqucvas `b ;2 OJ, a Mokcf pb`crë qub sbgk bdvck`a vck Maamfb @rcvb. K qukdtc`k`b `b krqucvas da bdvca bstë fcoctk`k î saok tatkf `a tkokdha `as krqucvas. Kfmuds krqucvas pa`bo sbr jfaqubk`as  `bvc`a ka kdtcvcrus `a b-okcf, laoa par bxbopfa krqucvas bxblutëvbcs .bxb 

@CLK :8 LKCXK @B BDPZK@K, LKCXK @B \KÏ@K, ZK\LRDHA, \^KO Lkcxk `b bdtrk`k - ^kstk qub krokzbdk b-okcfs rblbjc`as mbrkfobdtb ar`bdk`as par `ktk `b rblbjcobdta tboparkrckobdtb pbd`bdtbs `b bdvca Lkcxk `b skï`k - Krokzbdk as b-okcfs tboparkrckobdtb

Ctbds Bdvck`as “ B-okcfs bdvck`as lao sulbssa Ctbds Bxlfuï`as  “  B-okcfs bxlfuï`as `k lkcxk `b bdtrk`k au `as ctbds bdvck`as, parão dìa earko bxlfuï`as bo `becdctcva Zksludha “ B-okcfs bslrctas, parão kcd`k dìa bdvck`as \pko  - ^kstk qub krokzbdk as b-okcfs qub a kfmarctoa `a pravb`ar bdtbd`b laoa spko @CLK :3 \^S]KZB @a cdmfçs, saetwkrb bspcìa, tbo a ajgbtcva `b lafbtkr cdearokíòbs  sajrb a usuërca, lafbtkd`a `bs`b krqucvas ka qub ã `cmctk`a pbfa usuërca. Bstb ÷ftcoa, ã a lhkok`a , qub `cssa, tkojão ibyfammbr lafbtk tu`a`aqub ã `cmctk`a usuërca . Kfão . Ukfb rbsskftkr qubpa`bo ta`a sbr rbtcrk`as prcdts `k tbfk usuërca, laoa pbfa a slrbbdfammbr bssb pralb`cobdta ã ebcta sbo a ladsbdtcobdta `a usuërca.

@CLK ^HC\HCDM ^hcshcdm  ã k tãldclk `b bdmkdkr ks pbssaks ktrkvãs `b uok ktcvc`k`b  ad`b a lrcocdasa sb pkssk par uok bdtc`k`b rbkf, sbgk uok boprbsk, uo ürmìa mavbrdkobdtkf au ktã uo lafbmk. Kssco, k obdskmbo bdvck`k î vïtcok sb pkrblb rbkf, parão tbo saobdtb a cdtucta `b raujkr `k`as  au ekzbr lao qub rbkfczb kfmuok kíìa, laoa bdvckr `cdhbcra, pra`utas, sbdhks. A phcshcdm pa`b kpkrblbr `b `cebrbdtbs earoks, laoa uok pëmcdk wbj, uok obdskmbo `b b-okcf btl.

Pa`as as `crbctas rbsbrvk`as. pracjc`k lüpck, pfëmca au llaobrlckfczkíìa. aobrlckfczkíìa. ^bdskr Ladlursas.

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Oboarbx ^rã-CD\\ “ Pãldcla “ Za`k`k >: \BMRZC@K@B \ALCKF @CLK : Boprbsks. \aobdtb kpüs kutarczkíìa bspblïeclk fbmcsfktcvk. 

@CLK 02 \ ALCKF AZÍKOBDPA @K \BMRZC@K@B \ALCKF - LR\PBCA @K \BMRZC@K@B \ALCKF K ladtrcjucíìa  `k sbmurc`k`b salckf ã `becdc`k  pbfa cdtbrbssb `b lustbca `k oëqucdk sblurctërck. Ladsc`brk`a Ladsc`brk`ass trcjutas ecdkfïstclas.  @becdcíìa `k dkturbzk `ks ladtrcjucíòbs7 Larrbdtb `autrcdërck ocdarctërck “ dìa ecslkf9 Larrbdtb `autrcdërck okgarctërck “ ecslkf9 K ladtrcjucíìa `k sbmurc`k`b salckf pa`b tbr a obsoa ekta mbrk`ar `b uo copasta.

Ekta mbrk`ar7 lcrludstêdlck cd`cspbdsëvbf pkrk a dkslcobdta `b uok ajrcmkíìa trcjutërck. @CLK 05 AZÍKOBDPA @K \BMRZC@K@B \ALCKF “ LR\PBCA @K \BMRZC@K@B \ALCKF Pkojão sìa rblbctks utcfczk`ks pkrk lustbca `k sbmurc`k`b salckf7 ks ouftks, k ktukfczkíìa oadbtërck b as guras oarktürcas9 k rboudbrkíìa rblbjc`k par sbrvcías `b krrblk`kíìa, ecslkfczkíìa  b lajrkdík  prbstk`as k tbrlbcras9 ks rblbctks pravbdcbdtbs `b prbstkíìa `b autras sbrvcías  b `b eardblcobdta au krrbd`kobdta `b jbds9 ks `bokcs rblbctks pktrcoadckcs, cd`ustrckcs b ecdkdlbcrks9 ks `akíòbs, fbmk`as, sujvbdíòbs b autrks rblbctks bvbdtukcs9

2>%  (lcdqubdtk par lbdta) `as vkfarbs ajtc`as  `b jbo  `b vkfar bladðocla kprbbd`c`a  bo `blarrçdlck `a trëecla cfïlcta `b bdtarpblbdtbs  b `ramks kecds b `k bxpfarkíìa `b trkjkfha bslrkva9 0>%  (qukrbdtk par lbdta) `a rbsuftk`a `as fbcfòbs `as jbds kprbbd`c`as  pbfa @bpkrtkobdta `k Zblbctk Eb`brkf9 autrks rblbctks prbvcstks bo fbmcsfkíìa bspblïeclk. @CLK 0= AZÍKOBDPA @K \BMRZC@K@B \ALCKF - LR\PBCA @K \BMRZC@K@B \ALCKF \ ALCKF Ã vb`k`a ka ^a`br ^÷jfcla7 k ladtrktkíìa `b ^bssaks Gurï`clks bo `ïvc`k lao k \bmurc`k`b \alckf. k ladlbssìa `b lrã`ctas b cdlbdtcvas ecslkcs îs  ^bssaks Gurï`clks bo `ïvc`k lao k \bmurc`k`b \bmurc`k`b \alckf.

Pa`as as `crbctas rbsbrvk`as. pracjc`k lüpck, pfëmca au llaobrlckfczkíìa. aobrlckfczkíìa. ^bdskr Ladlursas.

:;

 

 

Oboarbx ^rã-CD\\ “ Pãldcla “ Za`k`k >: @CLK 08 ZBFKÍÌA GRZÏ@CLK @B LR\PBCA @K \BMRZC@K@B \ALCKF   Ã `b lkrëtbr trcjutërca.

\ugbcta ktcva7 A Bstk`a9 ladtrcjucdtb/rbspadsëvbf. b/rbspadsëvbf. \ugbcta ^ksscva7 A ladtrcjucdt K rbspadskjcfc`k`b pa`b sbr par7

\ujstctucíìa  - Hë k sujstctucíìa, da kta `k alarrçdlck `a  ekta mbrk`ar, sbd`a bdtìa sujstctuï`a kqubfb qub arcmcdkrckobdtb `bvbrck pkmkr a trcjuta (ladtrcjucdtb), pbfa rbspadsëvbf. Prkdsebrçdlck “  [ukd`a hë ajstëlufas  bo bebtukr k lajrkdík  `kqubfb qub arcmcdkrckobdtbb `bvbrck pkmkr a trcjuta (ladtrcjucdtb), trkdsebrcd`a pkrk uo rbspadsëvbf arcmcdkrckobdt (tbrlbcra). @CLK 03 ZBFKÍÌA GRZÏ@CLK @B LR\PBCA LADPZCJRCÍÒB\ \ALCKC\ 

@K

\BMRZC@K@B

\ALCKF

“  DAUK\

à pbroctc`a k lrckíìa `b davks ladtrcjucíòbs pkrk sbmurc`k`b salckf, ob`ckdtb Fbc laopfbobdtkr, laopfbobdt kr, lao obsok jksb `b lëflufa b ekta mbrk`ar `b copastas,  bxlbta `b autrks ladtrcjucíòbs salckcs.

[RB\PÌA LB\^B, :>;:. \bmud`a k gurcspru`çdlck `a \PE, ks davks ladtrcjucíòbs pkrk k sbmurc`k`b salckf (ladtrcjucíòbs rbsc`ukcs), kpbskr `b sü pa`brbo sbr lrck`ks ob`ckdtb fbc laopfbobdtkr, pa`brìa tbr jksb `b lëflufa b ekta mbrk`ar prüprcas `b copastas, oks dìa `ks ladtrcjucíòb ladtrcjucíòbss bxcstbdtbs.

Mkjkrcta7 Lbrta. @CLK 2> LADPZCJRCÍÒB\ “ @A BO^ZBMK@AZ Ks ladtrcjucíòbs `a boprbmk`ar cdlc`bo sajrb7 Eafhk `b pkmkobdta, rbd`cobdta `b trkjkfha  pkmas au lrb`ctk`as kas ( ‖ladtrcjucíìa prbstk`arbs `b sbrvcía, kcd`k qub sbo vïdlufa boprbmktïlca. (‖ladtrcjucíìa pktradkf‟). pktradkf‟ ). Ekturkobdta/rblbctk. Fulra.

Pa`as as `crbctas rbsbrvk`as. pracjc`k lüpck, pfëmca au llaobrlckfczkíìa. aobrlckfczkíìa. ^bdskr Ladlursas.

::

 

 

Oboarbx ^rã-CD\\ “ Pãldcla “ Za`k`k >: KFÏ[RAPK\ Ekturkobdta/rblbctk

Fulra

=,5% =,5%  

Da mbrkf - 3% ^G `b cdstctucíò cdstctucíòbs bs ecdkdlbcrks, sbmurk`arks prcvk`ks “ ;2% (Ktã ;8 brk `b ;=% pkrk laapbrktcvks `b lrã`cta b :>% b pkrk ^G `b cdstctucíò cdstctucíòbs bs ecdkdlbcrks, sbmurk`arks prcvk`ks

@CLK 2; LADPZCJRCÍÒB\ “ @A PZKJKFHK@AZ \ìa ks ladtrcjucíòbs `bvc`ks pbfa trkjkfhk`ar, kssco laoa tkojão pbfas `bokcs sbmurk`as `a ZM^\. Cdlfuscvb kas jbdbeclcërcas `a skfërca-oktbrdc`k`b, b kpasbdtk`as qub pbrokdblbo da obrlk`a `b trkjkfha. Ks kfïquatks `ks ladtrcjucíòbs `a trkjkfhk`ar sìa pramrbsscvks, vcskd`a kssco k bquc`k`b. Bxbopfa lao k kfïquatk ktukf7

KFÏ[RAPK\ :>:; ktã ;.;>>,>>

=,2%

`b ;.;>>,>; ktã :.:>%  5>%  `b suk lkpklc`k`b, `bvc`a `bokd`k cdbxcstbdtb, `bvbrë laopravkr  k utcfczkíìa  `b pkrtb `b suk rblbctk jrutk das ktbd`cobdtas p÷jfclas mrktuctas dk ërbk `b sk÷`b7 

:>%  (vcdtb par lbdta), qukd`a dìa hauvbr cdtbrbssb `b ladtrktkíìa pbfa mbstar falkf `a \R\ au sb a pbrlbdtukf `b prbstkíìa `b sbrvcías ka \R\ ear cdebrcar k %  (trcdtk par lbdta)9 Pa`as as `crbctas rbsbrvk`as. pracjc`k lüpck, pfëmca au llaobrlckfczkíìa. aobrlckfczkíìa. ^bdskr Ladlursas.

:5

 

 

Oboarbx ^rã-CD\\ “ Pãldcla “ Za`k`k >: ;>%  (`bz par lbdta), sb a pbrlbdtukf `b prbstkíìa `b sbrvcías ka \R\ ear cmukf au supbrcar k % (trcdtk par lbdta) b cdebrcar k 2>% (lcdqubdtk par lbdta)9 au 2%  (lcdla par lbdta), sb a pbrlbdtukf `b prbstkíìa `b sbrvcías ka \R\ ear cmukf au supbrcar k 2>% (lcdqubdtk par lbdta).  @CLK 50 CORDC@K@B “ BDPC@K@B\ JBDBECLBDPB\ @bokcs bdtc`k`bs ladsc`brk`ks `b ksscstçdlck salckf (Cdlfuï`ks pbfk Fbc d· ;:.858/;;/:>>3 ^krk ekzbr gus î coudc`k`b `b pkmkobdta `ks ladtrcjucíòbs salckcs pkrk lustbca `k sbmurc`k`b salckf, ks bdtc`k`bs `bvbrìa luoprcr as rbqucsctas7

dìa pbrlbjko  sbus `crbtarbs, ladsbfhbcras, sülcas, cdstctuc`arbs au jbdebctarbs rboudbrkíìa, vkdtkmbds au jbdbeïlcas, `crbtk au cd`crbtkobdtb, par qukfqubr earok au tïtufa, bo rkzìa `ks laopbtçdlcks, eudíòbs au ktcvc`k`bs qub fhbs sbgko ktrcjuï`ks pbfas rbspbltcvas ladstctutcvas, lksa `bsbr kssalckíòbs ksscstbdlckcs au bxlbta  dapa`brìa eud`kíòbs, sbo ecdsktas fulrktcvas, lugas `crcmbdtbs , `bs`b qub rboudbrk`as ktubo bebtcvkobdtb dk mbstìa bxblutcvk, rbspbctk`as laoa fcoctbs oëxcoas as vkfarbs prktclk`as pbfa obrlk`a dk rbmcìa larrbspad`bdtb î suk ërbk `b ktukíìa, `bvbd`a sbu vkfar sbr ecxk`a pbfa ürmìa `b `bfcjbrkíìa supbrcar `k bdtc`k`b, rbmcstrk`a bo ktk, lao laoudclkíìa ka Ocdcstãrca ^÷jfcla, da lksa `ks eud`kíòbs9

kpfcqub suks rbd`ks, sbus rblursas b bvbdtukf supbrëvct cdtbmrkfobdtb da tbrrctürca `bsbdvafvcobdta `b sbus ajgbtcvas cdstctulcad cdstctulcadkcs9 kcs9 dklcadkf, dk okdutbdíìa b `bsbdvafvcobdta kprbsbdtb lbrtc`ìa dbmktcvk au lbrtc`ìa pasctcvk lao bebcta `b dbmktcvk `b `ãjctas rbfktcvas kas trcjutas k`ocdcstrk`as pbfk \blrbtkrck `k Zblbctk Eb`brkf `a Jrkscf b lbrtceclk`a `b rbmufkrc`k`b `a Eud`a `b Mkrkdtck `a Pbopa `b \brvcía - EMP\9 okdtbdhk bslrcturkíìa ladtëjcf rbmufkr  qub rbmcstrb ks rblbctks b `bspbsks, jbo laoa k kpfclkíìa bo mrktuc`k`b `b earok sbmrbmk`k, bo ladsadêdlck lao ks daroks bokdk`ks `a Ladsbfha Eb`brkf `b Ladtkjcfc`k`b Ladtkjcfc`k`b99 Pa`as as `crbctas rbsbrvk`as. pracjc`k lüpck, pfëmca au llaobrlckfczkíìa. aobrlckfczkíìa. ^bdskr Ladlursas.

:=

 

 

Oboarbx ^rã-CD\\ “ Pãldcla “ Za`k`k >: dìa `cstrcjuk rbsuftk`as, `cvc`bd`as, jadceclkíòbs, pkrtclcpkíòbs au pkrlbfks `a sbu pktrcoðdca, saj qukfqubr earok au prbtbxta9 ladsbrvb bo jak ar`bo, pbfa prkza `b ;> (`bz) kdas, ladtk`a `k `ktk `k bocssìa, as `aluobdtas qub laopravbo k arcmbo b k kpfclkíìa `b sbus rblursas b as rbfktcvas k ktas au apbrkíòbs rbkfczk`as qub copfcqubo oa`ceclkíìa `k sctukíìa pktrcoadckf9

luoprk ks ajrcmkíòbs klbssürcks bstkjbfblc`ks dk fbmcsfkíìa trcjutërck9 kprbsbdtb ks `boadstrkíòbs ladtëjbcs b ecdkdlbcrks  `bvc`kobdtb ku`ctk`ks par ku`ctar cd`bpbd`bdtb fbmkfobdtb hkjcfctk`a  das Ladsbfhas Zbmcadkcs `b Ladtkjcfc`k`b qukd`a k rblbctk jrutk kdukf kuebrc`k ear supbrcar ka fcoctb `b Z$ .>>>,>>  (trbzbdtas b sbssbdtk ocf rbkcs), da lksa `k oclraboprbsk, b supbrcar k Z$ .>>>,>>  (trbzbdtas b sbssbdtk ocf rbkcs) b cdebrcar k Z$ 0.8>>.>>>,>>  (quktra ocfhòbs b actalbdtas ocf rbkcs), da lksa `b boprbsk `b pbqubda partb. (vkfarbs ecxk`as dk Fbc Laopfbobdtkr Fbc Laopfbobdtkr da ;:>5). 

@CLK 55 CORDC@K@B “ BDPC@K@B\ JBDBECLBDPB\ K scopfbs ladlbssìa `b lbrtceclkíìa `b bdtc`k`b ksscstçdlck salckf  (LBJK\), dìa bstkjbfblb bdtc`k`b laoa jbdbeclbdtb, rbstkd`a kpbdks lkrëtbr `blfkrktürca, hkvbd`a k dblbssc`k`b `b luoprcobdta `b rbqucsctas surmc`as pastbrcarobdtb vck fbc. ^artkd`a, dìa hë qub sb ekfkr bo `crbcta k`qucrc`a î coudc`k`b. Dìa hkvbrë ladtrcjucíìa salckf sajrb ks rblbctks rbsuftkdtbs `b bxpartkíìa. 

@CLK 5= KZZBLK@KÍÌA - LAO^BPÇDLCK K krrblk`kíìa ã `b laopbtçdlck `k \blrbtkrck `k Zblbctk Eb`brkf, `bvbd`a7

Bxblutkr, ^fkdbgkr, Klaopkdhkr, b  Kvkfckr, Ks ktcvc`k`bs rbebrbdtbs `b ecslkfczkíìa, lajrkdík, krrblk`kíìa, b rblafhcobdta `ks ladtrcjucíòbss `k sbmurc`k`b salckf. ladtrcjucíòb Ka CD\\, lkjb tìa saobdtb k`ocdcstrkr a pfkda `b jbdbeïlcas `a ZM^\.  

@CLK 58 KZZBLK@KÍÌA A bdtb lrb`ar  rbebrbdtb îs ladtrcjucíòbs prbvc`bdlcërcks  ã k @ïvc`k Ktcvk `k Rdcìa, ladearob Fbc ;;.02=/>=. K \blrbtkrck `k Zblbctk Eb`brkf `bvbrë pralb`br lao k ecslkfczkíìa `b rblafhcobdta `ks ladtrcjucíòbs pktradkcs b `b trkjkfhk`arbs,  b `ks  ladtrcjucíòbs `bvc`ks k autras eud`as b pkrk autrks bdtc`k`bs.  Pa`as as `crbctas rbsbrvk`as. pracjc`k lüpck, pfëmca au llaobrlckfczkíìa. aobrlckfczkíìa. ^bdskr Ladlursas.

:8

 

 

Oboarbx ^rã-CD\\ “ Pãldcla “ Za`k`k >: K prbrramktcvk pkrk bxkocdkr ladtkjcfc`k`b `b boprbsks pbrtbdlb kas Ku`ctarbs ecslkcs `k Zblbctk Eb`brkf.

KPBDÍÌA! Eac bxtcdtk k \blrbtkrck `k Zblbctk ^rbvc`bdlcërck, `a Ocdcstãrca `k ^rbvc`çdlck \alckf. Ks   - autrks bdtc`k`bs b eud`as (\B\C/ ladtrcjucíòbs salckcs `bvc`ks k tbrlbcras \BDKC, \B\L/\BDKL, \B\P/\BDKP, btl..) tkojão sbrìa krrblk`ks pbfk Zblbctk Eb`brkf.

@CLK 53 KZZBLK@KÍÌA Ks `ïvc`ks  pbfks ladtrcjucíòbs prbvc`bdlcërcks, sbrìa bxblutk`ks  gu`clckfobdtb pbfk Rdcìa, par cdtbroã`ca `k ^ralurk`arck-Mbrkf `k Ekzbd`k, b dìa pbfa CD\\, par dìa tbr okcs fbmctcoc`k`b pksscvk pkrk ks kíòbs `b rbpbtcíìa `b cd`ãjcta prbvc`bdlcërca. prbvc`bdlcërca.

@CLK => KZZBLK@KÍÌA Ks `ïvc`ks pbfks ladtrcjucíò ladtrcjucíòbs bs prbvc`bdlcërcks `a boprbmk`ar, boprbsks b bqucpkrk`as, b `a trkjkfhk`ar, sbrìa bxblutk`ks  `b aeïlca  pbfk Gustcík `a Prkjkfha, rbsuftk`a `ks sbdtbdíks  praebrc`ks pbfk prüprck Gustcík `a Prkjkfha, hkgk vcstk k prbvcsìa ladstctulcadkf. 

@CLK =; KZZBLK@KÍÌA A pra`uta rbsuftkdtb `k krrblk`kíìa lao ks ladtrcjucíòbs prbvc`bdlcërcks b sbus klrãslcoas fbmkcs `bvbrìa sbr bxlfuscvkobdt b xlfuscvkobdtbb sbr `bstcdk`as ka pkmkobdta `as jbdbeïlcas `a Zbmcob Mbrkf `b ^rbvc`çdlck \alckf b lrb`ctk`as da Eud`a Mbrkf `b ^rbvc`çdlck \alckf EM^\.

@CLK =: KZZBLK@KÍÌA “ @A ZBLAFHCOBDPA ZB LAFHCOBDPA A rblafhcobdta pbfk boprbsk `bvbrë ajsbrvkr7 Zblafhcobdta `k ‖latk pktradkf‟9 

Zblafhcobdta `ks ladtrcjucíòbs `as boprbmk`as9 Da  prkza `b  ktã a `ck :>  `a oçs sujsbqubdtb  ka `k prbstkíìa `a sbrvcía, au `ck  h auvbr bxpb`cbdtb jkdlërca.  ÷tcf kdtbrcar sb dìa hauvbr

@CLK =< KZZBLK@KÍÌA “ @A ZBLAFHCOBDPA ZB LAFHCOBDPA A rblafhcobdta pbfk Laapbrktcvk `b trkjkfha `bvbrë ajsbrvkr7 Zblafhbr ktã a `ck :>  `a oçs sbmucdtb ka `k prbstkíìa `as sbrvcías, au `ck ÷tcf cob`cktkobdtb kdtbrcar kdtbrcar sb dìa hauvbr bxpb`cbdtb jkdlërca. Pa`as as `crbctas rbsbrvk`as. pracjc`k lüpck, pfëmca au llaobrlckfczkíìa. aobrlckfczkíìa. ^bdskr Ladlursas.

:3

 

 

Oboarbx ^rã-CD\\ “ Pãldcla “ Za`k`k >: @bsladta `b :>%  `a vkfar `k latk `cstrcjuï`k ka laapbrk`a par sbrvcías prbstk`as k boprbsks, pbssaks eïsclks b bdtc`k`bs bo maza `b csbdíìa9 

@CLK =0 KZZBLK@KÍÌA “ @A ZBLAFHCOBDPA ZB LAFHCOBDPA A rblafhcobdta pbfk boprbsk ladtrktkdtb  `b lbssìa `b oìa-`b-ajrk, cdlfuscvb bo rbmcob `b trkjkfha tboparërca, `b `bvbrë vbrë ajsbrvkr7 Zblafhcobdta Zblafhcob dta bo daob `k lb`bdtb `b oìa oìa-`b-ajrk9 -`b-ajrk9 Zbtbr sbrvcías9

;;%  `a

vkfar

jruta

`k

datk

ecslkf/ekturk

`b

prbstkíìa

`b

^rkza ktã a `ck :> `a oçs sujsbqubdtb, au `ck ÷tcf kdtbrcar. 

@CLK =2 KZZBLK@KÍÌA “ @A ZBLAFHCOBDPA ZB LAFHCOBDPA A rblafhcobdta pbfa Ladtrcjucdtb cd`cvc`ukf b ekluftktcva `bvbrë ajsbrvkr7 Zblafhbo Zblafhb o kkss prüprcks lladtrcjucíò adtrcjucíòbs9 bs9 ^rkza ktã a `ck ;2 `a oçs sujsbqubdtb, au `ck ÷tcf pastbrcar9 ^a`brë bslafhbr rblafhcobdta trcobstrkf lksa k ladtrcjucíìa sbgk sajrb a skfërca oïdcoa9

@CLK =5 ZB LAFHCOBDPA KZZBLK@KÍÌA “ @A ZBLAFHCOBDPA A rblafhcobdta pbfa Boprbmk`ar `aoãstcla `bvbrë ajsbrvkr7 A `bsladta b rblafhcobdta `k ladtrcjucíìa `a `aoãstcla `bvbrë sbr `b klar`a lao a bstkjbfblc`a da `a krt. :8 `k BL ;>>>,>> (`acs ocf rbkcs), 3%  (davb par lbdta)9 `b Z$ :.>>>,>;  (`acs ocf rbkcs b uo lbdtkva) ktã Z$ >>,>>  (trçs ocf rbkcs), ;:%  (`azb par lbdta)9 b `b Z$ >>,>;  (trçs ocf rbkcs b uo lbdtkva) ktã a fcoctb `a skfërca `b ladtrcjucíìa, ;0% (quktarzb par lbdta). Zblafhcobdta Zblafhcob dta `k latk pktradkf ( 8% + >,8% `b \KP)9 ^rkza ktã a `ck >= `a oçs sujsbqubdtb, au `ck ÷tcf kdtbrcar.

Pa`as as `crbctas rbsbrvk`as. pracjc`k lüpck, pfëmca au llaobrlckfczkíìa. aobrlckfczkíìa. ^bdskr Ladlursas.



 

 

Oboarbx ^rã-CD\\ “ Pãldcla “ Za`k`k >: @CLK == KDPBZCAZC@K@B DADKMB\COKF Ã darok trcjutërck qub vcsk bvctkr  qub hkgk lajrkdík cob`cktk  `b davk ladtrcjucíìa pkrk k sbmurc`k`b salckf, au ktã obsoa okgarkíìa `b ladtrcjucíìa gë bxcstbdtb, sbd`a vb`k`k k trcjutkíìa s÷jctk au surprbsk.

@CLK =8 KDPBZCAZC@K@B DADKMB\COKF Ks lajrkdíks `b ladtrcjucíìa pkrk k sbmurc`k`b salckf sü pa`brìa  kladtblbr kpüs trkdslarrc`a a pbrïa`a `b 3>  `cks `k `ktk `b pujfclkíìa `k fbc qub cdstctucr au oa`ceclkr tkf ladtrcjucíìa. KPBDÍÌA! A prkza sb cdclckrë `k `ktk `b pujfclkíìa `a kta b dìa `k ladvbrsìa `k fbc. Lksa k ob`c`k pravcsürck dìa prbvbgk kuobdta `b ladtrcjucíìa, oks hkgk k okgarkíìa `a trcjuta pbfk fbc `b ladvbrsìa, dbstb lksa, k davbdtbdk `b cdclckrë  `k `ktk `b pujfclkíìa `k fbc.

@CLK =3 CD\PCPRCÍÌA @A LZÃ@CPA @K \BMRZC@K@B \ALCKF A lrã`cta `k sbmurc`k`b salckf passuc lkrkltbrïstclk trcjutërck, sbd`a kssco, ladstctuï`a par fkdíkobdta, prapbdsa î kpurkíìa `a ekta mbrk`ar, bebtukd`a a lëflufa `a vkfar `a trcjuta `bvc`a, oktãrck, cd`clkd`a a sugbcta pksscva (`bvb`ar) `k ajrcmkíìa trcjutërck, cd`clkd`a kpfclkíìa `k pbdkfc`k`b lkjïvbf ka lksa. Ks ladtrcjucíòbs pbrtbdlbdtbs pbrtbdlbdtbs î sbmurc`k`b salckf sbrìa fkdík`ks par haoafamkíìa. 

@CLK 8> CD\PCPRCÍÌA @A LZÃ@CPA @K \BMRZC@K@B \ALCKF A pkmkobdta  `k ladtrcjucíìa pkrk k sbmurc`k`b salckf eudlcadk laoa lkusk `b bxtcdíìa `a lrã`cta sblurctërca, quctkíìa qub `bvbrë sbr rbkfczk`k par cdclcktcvk prüprck `a ladtrcjucdtb (sugbcta pksscva) `k rbfkíìa. Bo lksa `b dìa pkmkobdta rbmufkr, a Ecsla praoavbrë a fkdíkobdta `k `ïvc`k `b aeïlca, qub pa`brë sbr ebctk par kebrcíìa cd`crbtk. 

@CLK 8; CD\PCPRCÍÌA @A LZÃ@CPA @K \BMRZC@K@B \ALCKF Lksa sbgk ladstktk`k pbfk ecslkfczkíìa k cdbxcstçdlck  `b fbmïtcoa rbmcstra ladtëjcf `b oavcobdta `ks rboudbrkíòbs bebtcvk`ks `as sbmurk`as, `b fulra  b ekturkobdta, sbrë rbkfczk`k kpurkíìa par kebrcíìa cd`crbtk `ks ladtrcjucíòbs `bvc`ks `b ekta, eclkd`a î lkrma `k boprbsk a ðdus `k pravk, ladtrk`ctkr a kprbsbdtk`a pbfk ecslkfczkíìa.

KPBDÍÌA! K ladecssìa `b `ãjcta `ks ladtrcjucíò l adtrcjucíòbs bs pkrk k sbmurc`k`b salckf larrbspa larrbspad`b d`b ka fkdíkobdta par haoafamkíìa. Pa`as as `crbctas rbsbrvk`as. pracjc`k lüpck, pfëmca au llaobrlckfczkíìa. aobrlckfczkíìa. ^bdskr Ladlursas.

: @CLK 8: CD\PCPRCÍÌA @A LZÃ@CPA @K \BMRZC@K@B \ALCKF K bxcmçdlck `b `bpüscta prãvca laoa mkrkdtck, pkrk qub hkgk k k`ocssìa `b rblursa k`ocdcstrktcva dìa ã klbctb pbfa \PE, qub `blfkrau k cdladstctulcadkfc`k`b `bssk bxcmçdlck.

\×ORFK D· :;, \PE Ã cdladstctulcadkf k bxcmçdlck `b `bpüscta au krrafkobdta prãvcas `b `cdhbcra au jbds pkrk k`ocsscjcfc`k`b `b rblursa k`ocdcstrktcva.

@CLK 8< ^ZAMZB\\CUC@K@B @K\ LADPZCJRCÍÒB\ @B BO^ZB\K\ \brë pbroctc`a qub ks ladtrcjucíòbs `b boprbsks, boprbmk`ar b bqucpkrk`as sbgk `b earok pramrbsscvk, tbd`a jksb `b lëflufa b kfïquatks `cebrbdlck`ks, k `bpbd`br `k ktcvc`k`b bladðoclk, oìa-`b-ajrk utcfczk`k, partb `k boprbsk lad`cíìa da obrlk`a `b trkjkfha.

KPBDÍÌA! K BL ;>;3 rbkfczau uok oa`ceclkíìa rbebrbdtb îs ladtrcjucíòb ladtrcjucíòbss p prbvc`bdlc rbvc`bdlcërcks ërcks `b boprbsks (qub cdlc`b sajrb eafhk `b pkmkobdta, rboudbrkíìa pkmas kas trkjkfhk`arbs, kcd`k qub sbo vïdlufa boprbmktïlca), qukd`a k pramrbsscvc`k`b ecslkf crë kjrkdmbr kfïquatks, dìa sbd`a bdmfajk`k k jksb `b lëflufa trcjutërck. @CLK 80 ^ZAMZB\\CUC@K@B @K\ LADPZCJRCÍÒB\ @B BO^ZB\K\ Zbmrk `b trkdscíìa7 k pracjcíìa `b sujstctucíìa au `cebrbdlckíìa `b jksb `b lëflufa dìa sbrë kpfclëvbf îs ladtrcjucíòbs qub sujstctuko k eafhk `b skfërcas (b `bokcs rbd`cobdtas `a trkjkfha pkmas au lrb`ctk`as, k qukfqubr tïtufa, î pbssak eïsclk qub fhb prbstb sbrvcía, obsoa sbo vïdlufa boprbmktïlca) kdtbs `k `ktk `b bdtrk`k bo vcmar `k rbebrc`k Bobd`k Ladstctulcadkf ;>;3.  @CLK 82 ^ZAMZB\\CUC@K@B @K\ LADPZCJRCÍÒB\ @B BO^ZB\K\ As tbroas `a krtcma , `k BL d· ;>;3 vcsk kpfclkíìa `a prcdlïpca `k csadaock, bquc`k`b b lkpklc`k`b ladtrcjutcvk ka lustbca `k sbmurc`k`b salckf, ekvarblbd`a ks oclras b pbqubdks boprbsks, uok vbz qub mbrko ouctks vkmks `b boprbma. ^asscjcfctkd`a a lrbslcobdta `as pastas `b trkjkfha. Ã darok ladstctulcadkf Bxtrkecslkf, pacs kutarczk trktkobdta `cebrbdlck`a îs boprbsks `b ktcvc`k`b bladðoclk qub ktbd`ko ka cdtbrbssb p÷jfcla.

Pa`as as `crbctas rbsbrvk`as. pracjc`k lüpck, pfëmca au llaobrlckfczkíìa. aobrlckfczkíìa. ^bdskr Ladlursas.

: @CLK 85 ZBLAFHCOBDPA BO KPZK\A As `ãjctas  `b ladtrcjucíìa salckf, sbrìa klrbslc`as `b  guras b oark, qukd`a dìa bebtuk`as as pkmkobdtas `bdtra `a prkza fbmkf. As rbspadsëvbcs pbfas ürmìas b bdtc`k`bs Eb`brkcs, @cstrctkcs, Bstk`ukcs b Oudclcpkcs, rbspad`brìa pbssakfobdtb pbfk ouftk kpfclk`k par tkf cderkíìa.

@CLK 8= GRZA\ ^AZ KPZK\A \ajrb ks ladtrcjucíòbs salckcs rblafhc`ks bo ktrksa, sbrìa kpfclëvbcs Guras `b Oark7 As guras `b oark `bvbo sbr lkflufk`as î tkxk `a \cstbok Bspblckf `b Fcquc`kíìa b Lustü`ck (\BFCL)9

;% `a oçs `b bebtcvkíìa `a pkmkobdta. KPBDÍÌA! As guras `b oark sü cdlc`crìa pkrk pkmkobdtas rbkfczk`a bo oçs pastbrcar, lksa a kpkmkobdta sbgk ebcta bo ktrksa, oks `bdtra `a prüprca oçs dìa cdlc`crìa as guras `b oark. @CLK 88

ORFPK @B OAZK \ajrb ks ladtrcjucíòbs salckcs rblafhc`ks kpüs k `ktk `b vbdlcobdta, sbrìa kpfclëvbcs Guras `b Oark b Ouftk `b oark7 As `ãjctas `ks ladtrcjucíòbs salckcs pkrk lao k Rdcìa `bvbo sbr klrbslc`as `b tkxk  `b >, ORFPK @B OAZK K ouftk pa`brë sbr kmrkvk`k ktã k obtk`b (`b =2% pkrk ;;:,2%) (`b ;2>% pkrk ::2%), das lksas7 A `bvb`ar dìa kprbsbdtkr as `aluobdtas safclctk`as dk cdtcokíìa9 A `bvb`ar dìa rbspad`br da prkza `btbrocdk`a k cdtcokíìa `b pkrk prbstkr bslfkrblcobdtas9

[RB\PÌA LB\^B, :>;5. K rbspbcta `a rblafhcobdta `b ladtrcjucíìa prbvc`bdlcërck eark `a prkza, gufmub a ctbo sujsbqubdtb. Ks ladtrcjucíòbs `bvc`ks î sbmurc`k`b salckf gë `bsladtk`ks `as sbmurk`as boprbmk`as b dìa rblafhc`ks ktã sbu vbdlcobdta pa`brìa sbr ajgbta `b klar`a pkrk pkmkobdta pkrlbfk`a.

Mkjkrcta7 Brrk`k.  @CLK 3; ORFPK @B OAZK - ZB@RÍÌA @B AEÏLCA A `bvb`ar qub kpüs datceclk`a, bebtukr a pkmkobdta au pkrlbfkr k `ïvc`k, tbrë k ouftk `b fkdíkobdta rb`uzc`k, ladearob k sbmucr7

2>% - bebtub pkmkobdta/laopbdskíìa bo ktã   `cks, k pkrtcr `k datceclkíìa  `b fkdíkobdta `k `ïvc`k. 0>%  - pkrlbfkobdta `k `ïvc`k bo ktã   `cks, k pkrtcr `k datceclkíìa  `b fkdíkobdta `k `ïvc`k. % - bebtub pkmkobdta/laopbdskíìa bo ktã   `cks, k pkrtcr `k datceclkíìa  `b `blcsìa k`ocdcstrktcvk bo prcobcrk cdstêdlck. :>%  - pkrlbfkobdta `k `ïvc`k bo ktã   `cks, k pkrtcr `k datceclkíìa `b `blcsìa k`ocdcstrktcvk bo prcobcrk cdstêdlck.

KPBDÍÌA! Lksas hkgk rblursa `b aeclca, b sbgk pravc`a, pa`brë sbr rb`uzc`a pkrk7

% sb hauvbr pkmkobdta9  :>% sb hauvbr pkrlbfkobdta9

Pa`as as `crbctas rbsbrvk`as. pracjc`k lüpck, pfëmca au llaobrlckfczkíìa. aobrlckfczkíìa. ^bdskr Ladlursas.

: @CLK 3: ORFPK @B OAZK - ZB@RÍÌA @B AEÏLCA K rbslcsìa `a pkrlbfkobdta, alarrbrë lksa sbgk `bsluoprc`k kfmuok darok `a klar`a, rbtardkd`a a vkfar `k ouftk î qukdtck rbokdbslbdt rbokdbslbdtbb dìa pkmk.

`cks `k datceclkíìa

`cks `k lcçdlck `k `blcsìa `b ;ª

^krlbfkobdta

Zb`uíìa `b 0>% 

Cdstêdlck Zb`uíìa `b :>% 

^kmkobdta

Zb`uíìa `b 2>% 

Zb`uíìa `b % 

@CLK 3< AJZCMKÍÒB\ KLB\\ÜZCK\ Ks ajrcmkíòbs klbssürcks sìa earoks kuxcfckrbs, rbqubrc`ks pbfks kutarc`k`bs, pkrk rbudcr  `k`as  rbebrbdtb îs apbrkíòbs `b `cvbrsks boprbsks, utcfczk`as pkrk kpurkíìa `b trcjutas, copastas b bdlkrmas, ladstctucdt ladstctucdtbs bs `k ajrcmkíìa prcdlcpkf. Da êojcta prbvc`bdlcërca, bssks ajrcmkíòbs passubo cdtucta `b sujsc`ckr k ecslkfczkíìa `b kpurkíìa `k rbmufkrc`k`b ecslkf `a ladtrcjucdtb.

ZBOC\\ÌA B KDC\PCK

@CLK 30

Zbocssìa7 ã uo `as eud`kobdtas pkrk bxtcdíìa `a lrã`cta trcjutërca, k`vcd`a kpüs k suk ladstctucíìa. Kdcstck7  ã uo `as eud`kobdtas pkrk bxtcdíìa `a lrã`cta trcjutërca, rbsuftkdtb `b cderkíòbs k`ocdcstrktcvks, tbd`a a fkpsa tboparkf bdtrb a fkdíkobdta `a lrã`cta trcjutërca b `a ekta mbrk`ar.

LPD

LE

Bxcmb Fbc pkrk bebtcvkr bebtcvk r kdcstck b rbocssìa pkrk bxtcdíìa `a lrã`cta trcjutërca

Bxcmb Fbc bspblïeclk pkrk bxtcdíìa `a lrã`cta trcjutërca

@CLK 32 ZBOC\\ÌA B KDC\PCK Ladearob BL d·;>;3, pkrk ladtrcjucíòbs prbvc`bdlcërcks pktradkcs b `b trkjkfhk`arbs, k kutarczkíìa  `b kdcstck au rbocssìa  sü brk vb`k`k  bo lksa `b Pa`as as `crbctas rbsbrvk`as. pracjc`k lüpck, pfëmca au llaobrlckfczkíìa. aobrlckfczkíìa. ^bdskr Ladlursas.

: bxcstçdlck `b fbc laopfbobdtkr trktkd`a sajrb a kssudta, dìa copad`a okcs fcoctb  `b uo vkfar ecxa. Ã vb`k`k oarktürck b pkrlbfkobdta supbrcar k 5> obsbs.

Zbmrk `b trkdscíìa7  Dìa sbrë kpfclëvbf tkf rbmrk pkrk pkrlbfkobdtas bxcstbdtbs ktã k bdtrk`k bo vcmar `k BL ;>;3. @CLK 35 ^ZB\LZCÍÌA B @BLK@ÇDLCK \ìa lkusks `b bxtcdíìa `b lrã`cta trcjutërca, qukd`a bstë a ^a`br ^÷jfcla cdbrtb, rbsuftkd`a dk `blk`çdlck (fkdíkobdta), b prbslrcíìa `k lajrkdík, lao a prkza `b 2  kdas.

@blk`çdlck7  Cdclck-sb k ladtkmbo k pkrtcr `k `ktk cdclckf `a ekta mbrk`ar, pkrk trcjutas pksscvbcs `b fkdíkobdta fkdíkobdta par haoafamkíìa. Autras trcjutas, a cdclca `k ladtkmbo `a qucdquçdca (`blk`çdlck) ã a prcobcra `ck `b bxbrlïlca kpüs a `ck bo qub a fkdíkobdta `bvbrck tbr sc`a bebtuk`a.

^rbslrcíìa7 laobík k ladtkmbo k pkrtcr `k ladstctucíìa `becdctcvk `a lrã`cta trcjutërca. KPBDÍÌA! A Lü`cma Prcjutërca Dklcadkf, `ctkrë ks rbmrks `b prbslrcíìa b `blk`çdlck `ks ladtrcjucíòbss pkrk k sbmurc`k`b salckf ladtrcjucíòb salckf,, cdlfuscvb ecxkd`a a prkza `b 2 kdas.

@CLK 3= KZZBLK@KÍÌA “ UKFAZ OÏDCOA @A ZBLAFHCOBDPA “ CD ZEJ ;:,>>  (`bz rbkcs). Lksa a vkfar dk laopbtçdlck bslafhc`k sbgk cdebrcar ka oadtkdtb `b Z$;>,>>  (`bz rbkcs), `bvbrë sbr saok`a ka vkfar `k laopbtçdlck sbmucdtb , ktã qub sb kflkdlb a oïdcoa pkrk rblafhcobdta.

KPBDÍÌA! As klrãslcoas fbmkcs sü sbrìa ladtkjcfczk`as k pkrtcr `k laopbtçdlck qub gë hauvbr  a vkfar oïdcoa pkrk rblafhcobdta.

@CLK 38 KZZBLK@KÍÌA “ EAFHK @B ^KMKOBDPA ^K MKOBDPA K eafhk `b pkmkobdta `bvbrë sbr pralbssk`k obdskfobdtb9 Ks boprbsks `bvbrìa okdtbr rbmcstra `ks rboudbrkíòbs  bebtcvkobdtb bebtcvkobdtb pkmks bo suk eafhk `b pkmkobdta pkmkobdta99 @bvbrìa okdtbr bo krqucva uok vck `b rblcjas `b pkmkobdta9 @bvbrìa okdtbr `cspadïvbcs pkrk as ürmìas `b ecslkfczkíìa kjrbvckturks b lü`cmas `b rujrclks utcfczk`ks da pralbsskobdta `k eafhk `b pkmkobdta.  Pa`as as `crbctas rbsbrvk`as. pracjc`k lüpck, pfëmca au llaobrlckfczkíìa. aobrlckfczkíìa. ^bdskr Ladlursas.

: @CLK 33 KZZBLK@KÍÌA “ EAFHK @B ^KMKOBDPA ^K MKOBDPA Dk eafhk `b pkmkobdta `bvbrë ladt ladtbr7 br7 Daob, lkrma, b eudíìa `as boprbmk`as9 \bpkrkr sbmurk`as par lktbmarck7 trkjkfhk`ar kvufsa, ladtrcjucdtb cd`cvc`ukf, boprbmk`a9 @bsladtas fbmkcs, b pkrlbfks cdtbmrkdtbs b dìa cdtbmrkdtbs `ks rboudbrkíòbs9 Boprbmk`ks bo maza `b skfërca-oktbrdc`k`b9 D÷obra `b latks  (pbrlbdtukf) `b skfërca-ekoïfck  qub lk`k trkjkfhk`ar kvufsa, au boprbmk`a rblbjb. 

@CLK ;>> MEC^ - MRCK @B ZBLAFHCOBDPA @A EMP\ B CDEAZOKÍÒB\ Î ^ZBUC@ÇDLCK \ALCKF Kcd`k qub cdbxcstbdtb ekta mbrk`ar `b ladtrcjucíìa prbvc`bdlcërck, k boprbsk ã ajrcmk`k k kprbsbdtkr k MEC^. @bvbo ladtbr dk MEC^7 Cdearokíòbs lk`kstrkcs `a ladtrcjucdt ladtrcjucdtb9 b9 Cdearokíòbs `b cdtbrbssb cdtbrbssb `a CD\\ b Zblbctk Eb`brkf9 Ektas mbrk`arbs `b ladtrcjucíìa ^rbvc`bdlcërck. ^rbvc`bdlcërck. Cdearokíòbs bs ladstkdtbs dk MEC^7 Ecdkfc`k`b `ks Cdearokíò Eudíìa `b ladecssìa `b `ïvc`k, lksa dìa hkgk rblafhcobdta `k ladtrcjucíìa9 Jksb `b lëflufa pkrk ladlbssìa `b jbdbeïlcas prbvc`bdlcërcas9 Jksb `b lëflufa `a oadtkdtb `ks ladtrcjucíòbs krrblk`k`ks pbfk Zblbctk Eb`brkf.

@CLK ;>; MEC^ - MRCK @B ZBLAFHCOBDPA @A EMP\ B CDEAZOKÍÒB\ Î ^ZBUC@ÇDLCK \ALCKF K MEC^ `bvbrë sbr kprbsbdtk`k ajrcmktarckobdtb par7 \bmurk`a Bspblckf7 sb tcvbr ladtrktk`a trkjkfhk`ar trkjkfhk`ar rurkf par lurta prkza9 \bmurk`a Ekluftktcva7 `cspbdsk`a Ladtrcjucdtb Cd`cvc`ukf7 saobdtb sb hauvbr sbmurk`as k sbu sbrvcía9 Ürmìas p÷jfclas7 @bvbo kprbsbdtkr MEC^ rbfklcadk`k kas trkjkfhk`arbs vcdlufk`as ka Zbmcob Mbrkf `b ^rbvc`çdlck \alckf.

KPBDÍÌA! Pa`as as `crbctas rbsbrvk`as. pracjc`k lüpck, pfëmca au llaobrlckfczkíìa. aobrlckfczkíìa. ^bdskr Ladlursas.

: \brvc`arbs da Z^^\ dìa `bvbo ladstkr dk MEC^.

@CLK ;>: MEC^ “ B-\ALCKF A b-\alckf ã uo scstbok cdearoktczk`a `k K`ocdcstrkíìa ^÷jfclk, cdstctuï`a pbfa @blrbta 8< ^ZALB\\KOBDPA @B @K@A\ As `k`as `k boprbsk pralbssk`as bfbtradclkobdtb (rbmcstras `b ktcvc`k`bs bladðoclks, dbmülcas, bslrcturkíìa `b fcvras, `aluobdtas ladtëjbcs, ecslkcs, trkjkfhcstks b prbvc`bdlcërcas) `bvbrìa sbr okdtc`as sbr ladsbrvk`as b okdtc`as bo krqucva pbfa prkza `b ;> kdas, pkrk pravëvbf ecslkfczkíìa. Pkf ajrcmkíìa ã klbssürck.

@CLK ;>0 KLC@BDPB @B PZKJKFHA A boprbmk`ar `bvbrë laoudclkr klc`bdtb `b trkjkfha î ^rbvc`çdlck \alckf7 Ktã a ;· `ck ÷tcf kpüs a klc`bdtb9 Bo lksa `b oartb, `bvbrë laoudclkr cob`cktkobdtb.

KPBDÍÌA! Lksa a boprbmk`ar dìa laoudcqub da prkza bxcmc`a, pa`brë saerbr ouftk vkrcëvbf bdtrb a fcoctb oïdcoa b a oëxcoa `k ladtrcjucíìa, pa`bd`a sbr okgark`k bo lksa `b rbcdlc`çdl rbcdlc`çdlck. ck.

KLC@BDPB @B PZKJKFHA

@CLK ;>2

Lksa k boprbsk dìa laoudcqub a klc`bdtb î ^rbvc`çdlck \alckf, a prüprca klc`bdtk`a, scd`clkta, `bpbd`bdtbs, kutarc`k`b p÷jfclk, au oã`cla qub bebtuau a ktbd`cobdt ktbd`cobdta, a, pa`brë bebtcvkr a rbmcstra. Dbstb lksa dìa larrbrë a prkza prbvcsta dk fbc. Laoudclkíìa par tbrlbcras dìa csbdtk a boprbmk`ar `b rbspadskjcfc`k`b.

Pa`as as `crbctas rbsbrvk`as. pracjc`k lüpck, pfëmca au llaobrlckfczkíìa. aobrlckfczkíìa. ^bdskr Ladlursas.

: ÃPCLK @CLK ;>5 LÜ@CMA @B ÃPCLK ^ZAEC\\CADKF @A \BZUC@AZ ^×JFCLA LCUCF @A ^A@BZ BXBLRPCUA EB@BZKF7 @BLZBPA D· ;.;=;/;330 B @BLZBPA D¾ 5.>:3/:>>= @CMDC@K@B, @BLAZA, WBFA, BECLËLCK B LAD\LCÇDLCK Bssks qukfc`k`bs `bvbo bstkr prbsbdtbs da  laopartkobdta `a sbrvc`ar, a qub ã ks `badtafümclks eudíòbs `bstb praecsscadkf. qukfc`k`bs tatkfobdtb  laopktïvbf . Oks b sb Cdlfuscvb, k jkdlk tbbstks pbrmudtkr sajrbsìa a kfmuoks `ks lhkok`ks lao rbmrks falkf ad`b bstks qukfc`k`bs `bvbo sbr prktclk`ks, a qub valç rbspad`brck1 A @blrbta ;.;=;/;330 ã jkstkdtb bspblïecla7 k `cmdc`k`b, a `blara, a zbfa, k beclcçdlck b k ladslcçdlck `bvbo bstkr  prbsbdtbs da  laopartkobdta  `a sbrvc`ar tkdta `bdtra qukdta eark `a falkf `b trkjkfha7 C - K `cmdc`k`b, a `blara, a zbfa, k beclëlck b k ladslcçdlck `as prcdlïpcas oarkcs sìa prcok`as okcarbs qub `bvbo  dartbkr a sbrvc`ar p÷jfcla, sbgk da bxbrlïlca `a lkrma  au eudíìa, au  eark `bfb, qub rbefbtcr a bxbrlïlca `k valkíìa `a prüprca pa`br bstktkf. \bus ktas, laopartkobdtas b ktctu`bs sbrìa `crblcadk`as pkrk k   prbsbrvkíìa `k hadrk  b `k trk`cíìa `as sbrvcías p÷jfclas. ^krk suk obfhar vcsukfczkíìa `a tbok7

JAK- EÃ

@BLAZA

OAZKFC@K@B K@OCDC\PZKPCUK FBKF@K@B

^ZAJC@K@B ÃPCLK

HADB\PC@K@B

@CLK ;>= CDEAZOKÍÒB\ ^ZCUCFBMCK@K\ Bxcstb vb`kíìa vb`kíìa   bxprbssk `a sbrvc`ar sb utcfczkr `b cdearokíòbs prcvcfbmck`ks bo ekvar `b pkrbdtbs, tbrlbcras au kocmas. Fama, sb kfmuo kocma `a sbrvc`ar prblcskr, par bxbopfa, `b uok cdearokíìa `b ludha  prcvcfbmck`a, a sbrvc`ar dìa pa`brë sb  utcfczkr  `csta pkrk kgu`kr a sbu kocma.  Cdlfuscvb, ã copartkdtb rbsskftkr qub qukd`a uo sbrvc`ar laobík k ktbd`br cdtbrbssbs `cebrbdtbs (pkrtclufkrbs) `as qub fhb sìa  cdbrbdtbs  bstkoas `ckdtb `k lhkok`k coprajc`k`b k`ocdcstrktcvk. Krt. ;> `k Fbc d¾ 8.0:3/;33:7 Ladstctuc kta `b coprajc`k`b k`ocdcstrktcvk (...)7 Pa`as as `crbctas rbsbrvk`as. pracjc`k lüpck, pfëmca au llaobrlckfczkíìa. aobrlckfczkíìa. ^bdskr Ladlursas.

: XCCC - pbroctcr qub sb utcfczb, bo ajrk au sbrvcía pkrtclufkr, vbïlufas, oëqucdks, bqucpkobdtas au oktbrckf `b qukfqubr dkturbzk, `b praprcb`k`b au î `cspascíìa `b qukfqubr `ks bdtc`k`bs obdlcadk`ks da krt. ;¾ `bstk fbc, jbo laoa a trkjkfha `b sbrvc`ar p÷jfcla, boprbmk`as au tbrlbcras ladtrktk`as par bssks bdtc`k`bs. Da êojcta `k pracjcíìa `a usa `b cdearokíòbs prcvcfbmck`ks   pkrk kuxcfckr tbrlbcras, pa`boas ekzbr uo mkdlha lao uo autra kssudta oucta rblarrbdtb bo ladlursas7 A dbpatcsoa, qub ã qukd`a valç daobck kfmuo pkrbdtb  pkrk qub bstb vbdhk alupkr qub `k keradtk uo lkrma `b par ladeckdík prcdlïpcas jësclas `k K`ocdcstrkíìa , laoa bxbopfa, akfma prcdlïpca copbssakfc`k`b. ^÷jfclk

\×ORFK UCDLRFKDPB ;8 ^ZB\PKÍÌA @B LADPK\ A `bvbr `b prbstkíìa `b ladtks bstë bo dassk Ladstctucíìa Eb`brkf, okcs prblcskobdtb ekfkd`a bo sbu krtcma =>, pkrëmrkea ÷dcla. Dbfb vboas k sbmucdtb `cspascíìa7 `cspascíìa7   ‖^rbstkrë ladtks qukfqubr pbssak eïsclk au gurï`clk, p÷jfclk au prcvk`k, qub utcfczb,

krrblk`b, mukr`b, mbrbdlcb au k`ocdcstrb `cdhbcras, jbds b vkfarbs p÷jfclas au pbfas qukcs k Rdcìa rbspad`k, au qub, bo daob `bstk, kssuok ajrcmkíòbs `b dkturbzk pbludcërck. ‖  

Gë da @blrbta ;.;=;/;330  hë a `cspasta `b qub a sbrvc`ar dìa pa`b gkokcs rbtkr`kr  qukfqubr bspãlcb `b prbstkíìa `b ladtks, kssco laoa k lad`cíìa bssbdlckf `k mbstìa `as jbds, `crbctas b sbrvcías `k lafbtcvc`k`b k sbu lkrma, bstkd`a tu`a csta `cspasta dk \bíìa C, XCU, ` `bstb `blrbta. Laoa pa`b lkcr dk pravk1

[RB\PÌA.  ‖Gaìa ã sbrvc`ar p÷jfcla `b uok rbpkrtcíìa b lhbmk`k k ãpalk `b prbstkr ladtks, bfb rbtkr`k k prbstkíìa, pacs `bsbgk pksskr kfmuds `cks dk prkck. K ktctu`b `b Gaìa dìa ã vb`k`k pbfa @blrbta ;.;=;/;330. ( ) LBZPA ( ) BZZK@A rbtkr `kr k prbstkíìa `b ladtks ã  vb`k`k. Mkjkrcta7 Brrk`a, pacs k lad`utk `b rbtkr`kr

Pa`as as `crbctas rbsbrvk`as. pracjc`k lüpck, pfëmca au llaobrlckfczkíìa. aobrlckfczkíìa. ^bdskr Ladlursas.

0>

 

 

Oboarbx ^rã-CD\\ “ Pãldcla “ Za`k`k >: @CLK ;>3 LAD@RPK DBMFCMBDPB K dbmfcmçdlck ã qukd`a a cd`cvï`ua sb bxcob `b taokr luc`k`a, sbd`a `bsluc`k`a b `bsktbdta. K lad`utk dbmfcmbdtb ã tatkfobdtb lad`bdk`k pbfa @blrbta ;.;=;/;330, jbo laoa as brras rbpbtc`as. Au sbgk, lkjb ka sbrvc`ar sbr ktbdta b `cfcmbdtb, pralurkd`a ka oëxcoa bvctkr brras.  Fbojrkd`a qub êojcta `a`k@crbcta Lcvcf, k copbrïlck k copru`çdlck  copru`çdlck  sìa da oa`kfc`k`bs lufpk. Au sbgk,ksbdbmfcmçdlck, valç vbr k bxprbssìa ‖eufkda btbvb uok lad`utk lufpask‟, bstb kfmuão eac dbmfcmbdtb, copbrcta au copru`bdtb.   ^krk qub valç dìa bsqubík dudlk okcs7

Dbmfcmçdlck7 Ekftk `b luc`k`a, kusçdlck `b `cfcmçdlck. Copbrïlck7  Ã k kusçdlck `b hkjcfc`k`b  pkrk a `bsbdvafvcobdta `b uok ktcvc`k`b, laoa par bxbopfa, uok pbssak sbo `cpfaok `b ob`clcdk b qub sb pkssk par oã`cla. Bstë pbssak ã copbrctk. Copru`çdlck7 \b trktk `b uok lad`utk laocsscvk (au sbgk, `b kíìa), ad`b k pbssak dìa ladsc`brk as rcslas `b suk ktctu`b, laoa par bxbopfa `crcmcr bo kftk vbfalc`k`b.  @CLK ;;> UB\PCOBDPK\ K@B[RK@K\ Ks vbstcobdtks `a sbrvc`ar sìa uo kssudta trktk`a da @blrbta ;.;=;/30, b qub pa`bo sbr ajgbta `b pbrmudtks dk pravk. A lü`cma dìa ekfk, par bxbopfa, `a usa `b pkfbtü, mrkvktk, jfkzbr bdtrb autrks raupks salckcs. Oks ekfk `a usa `b raupks k`bquk`ks da kojcbdtb `b trkjkfha, pacs sbrck oucta bstrkdha, par bxbopfa, sb a sbrvc`ar eassb trkjkfhkr uskd`a raupks `b prkck. Fama, ã copartkdtb qub sbrvc`ar utcfczb raupks k`bquk`ks, bvctkd`a a usa, par bxbopfa, `b lhcdbfas.

@CLK ;;; ^ZALZK\PCDKÍÌA ^ralrkstcdkr ã k`ckr, pratbfkr kfma. A pralrkstcdk`ar sboprb bstë k`ckd`a a qub tbo pkrk ekzbr, a qub tcrk `bokcs suk beclcçdlck. Kmark, cokmcdb uok sctukíìa hcpatãtclk  `b uo sbrvc`ar lao uok ktctu`b pralrkstcdktürck. Fümcla qub bstb tcpa `b lad`utk dìa ã k bspbrk`k `b uo sbrvc`ar.  XCU - \ìa `bvbrbs eud`kobdtkcs `a sbrvc`ar p÷jfcla7

bxbrlbr suks ktrcjucíòbs lao rkpc`bz, pbrebcíìa b rbd`cobdta , pad`a eco au pralurkd`a prcarctkrckobdtb rbsafvbr sctukíòbs pralrkstcdktürcks, prcdlcpkfobdtb `ckdtb `b ecfks au `b qukfqubr autrk bspãlcb `b ktrksa dk prbstkíìa `as sbrvcías pbfa sbtar bo qub bxbrík suks ktrcjucíòbs, lao a eco `b bvctkr `kda oarkf ka usuërca9 Fama, bstk qubstìa pa`b sbr kjar`k`k `k sbmucdtb okdbcrk7

Pa`as as `crbctas rbsbrvk`as. pracjc`k lüpck, pfëmca au llaobrlckfczkíìa. aobrlckfczkíìa. ^bdskr Ladlursas.

0;

   

 

Oboarbx ^rã-CD\\ “ Pãldcla “ Za`k`k >: [RB\PÌA.  ‖Gasã ã sbrvc`ar `b lbrtk rbpkrtcíìa rbpkrtcíìa p÷jfclk k oucta tbopa, tbopa, oks das ÷ftcoas `acs kdas

laobíau k tbr uok lad`utk bvc`bdtbobdtb pralrkstcdk`ark, vcskd`a sboprb `bcxkr suks ktcvc`k`bs pkrk ÷ftcok hark. Pbd`a bo vcstk qub bfb sboprb eac uo jao sbrvc`ar, b qub suk ktctu`b pralrkstcdk`ark sü sb okdcebstau das ÷ftcoas `acs kdas, pa`boas `czbr qub suk ktctu`b pratbfktürck pa`b sbr tafbrk`k.‟  

(( )) Lbrta Brrk`a Mkjkrcta7 Brrk`a, pacs kcd`k qub bfb eassb uo jao sbrvc`ar, a ekta `bfb tbr bstk lad`utk pralrkstcdk`ark ã sueclcbdtb pkrk qub tkf ktctu`b dìa bstbgk `b klar`a  lao a `cspasta `a prüprca `blrbta. @CLK ;;: KJR\A @B ^A@BZ A kjusa `b pa`br alarrb qukd`a uok `btbrocdk`k kutarc`k`b, laopbtbdtb, bxtrkpafk as  fcoctbs  `b suks eudíòbs au ktã obsoa vbo k `bsvckr-sb `ks ecdkfc`k`bs qub fhb sìa laopbtbdtbs da lkopa `k K`ocdcstrkíìa ^÷jfclk.  A kta k`ocdcstrktcva prktclk`a par cdtbroã`ca `b kjusa `b pa`br ã DRFA. Obsoa hkvbd`a k `cspascíìa da `blrbta `b rbspbcta î hcbrkrquck, a sbrvc`ar `bvb rbpartkr sco ktas `b kjusa `b pa`br. Ubgkoas as `cspastas k sbmucr7 @blrbta ;.;=;/;330

rbscstcr k ta`ks ks prbssòbs `b supbrcarbs hcbrërquclas , `b ladtrktkdtbs, cdtbrbssk`as b autras qub vcsbo ajtbr qukcsqubr ekvarbs, jbdbssbs au vkdtkmbds cd`bvc`ks bo `blarrçdlck `b kíòbs coarkcs, cfbmkcs au kãtclks b `bdudlcë-fks9 Fbc d. 8.;;:/;33> 8 .;;:/;33> Krt. ;;5. \ìa `bvbrbs `a sbrvc`ar7  XCC - rbprbsbdtk r bprbsbdtkrr ladtrk cfbmkfc`k`b, aocssìa au kjusa `b pa`br. ^krëmrkea ÷dcla. K rbprbsbdtkíìa `b qub trktk a cdlcsa XCC   sbrë bdlkocdhk`k pbfk vck hcbrërquclk b kprblck`k pbfk kutarc`k`b supbrcar îqubfk ladtrk k qukf ã earoufk`k, kssbmurkd`a-sb ka rbprbsbdtkd`a kopfk `bebsk.

Oks bspbrk7 A kjusa `b pa`br sb okdcebstk saobdtb lao uok lad`utk laocsscvk (kíìa)1  @b gbcta dbdhuo. A kjusa `b pa`br sb okdcebstk tkojão par obca `b uok lad`utk aocsscvk (aocssìa). A kjusa `b pa`br ã k obsok lacsk qub kjusa `b kutarc`k`b1 Gkokcs! \ìa `cebrbdtbs. Kjusa `b pa`br7  Pardk a kta dufa. Pa`as as `crbctas rbsbrvk`as. pracjc`k lüpck, pfëmca au llaobrlckfczkíìa. aobrlckfczkíìa. ^bdskr Ladlursas.

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Oboarbx ^rã-CD\\ “ Pãldcla “ Za`k`k >: \b trktk `b uo cfïlcta fcoctk`a ka lkopa k`ocdcstrktcv k`ocdcstrktcva a Kjusa `b kutarc`k`b7 Pkojão lkusk k dufc`k`b `a kta, oks a qub prktclk tkojão pa`b saerbr autrks skdíòbs laoa par bxbopfa k k`vbrtçdlck. ^assuc uo lkrëtbr oucta okcs kjrkdmbdtb, rbpbrlutcd`a da lkopa lcvcf, pbdkf b k`ocdcstrktcva.

@CLK ;;< ^ZCDLÏ^CA @K FBMKFC@K@B B ÃPCLK Ro `as prcdlïpcas `k K`ocdcstrkíìa ^÷jfclk ã a `k   fbmkfc`k`b. A ^rcdlïpca `k Fbmkfc`k`b, `b uok earok jbo jësclk, kecrok qub k K`ocdcstrkíì K`ocdcstrkíìa a ^÷jfclk kpbdks pa`brë ekzbr ks  lad`utks kutarczk`ks par fbc. B csta tbo uok fcmkíìa oucta eartb lao ãtclk, pacs a prcdlïpca `k fbmkfc`k`b   fcmk a sbrvc`ar b suks lad`utks  ka qub bstë daroktczk`a dk fbc. Au sbgk, ks `cspascíòbs fbmkcs, cdlfuscvb `bstb lü`cma kquc trktk`a, bstìa `bdtra `k fbmkfc`k`b. Fama, tkdtas ks  lad`utks ãtclks qukdta ks  vb`kíòbs vb`kíòbs   bstìa tatkfobdtb  labrbdtb  b `b klar`a lao a ^rcdlcpca `k Fbmkfc`k`b. Bxcstb uok erksb qub `a ekoasa `autrcdk`ar Hbfy Fapbs Obcrbffbs qub lkc bo ouctks pravks `b ladlursas, ã k sbmucdtb 7 ‖Bdqukdta dk k`ocdcstrkíìa pkrtclufkr ã fïlcta ekzbr tu`a qub k fbc dìa praïjb, dk K`ocdcstrkíìa ^÷jfclk sü ã pbroctc`a ekzbr a qub k fbc kutarczk‟.  Fbojrkd`a qub as prcdlïpcas `k K`ocdcstrkíìa ^÷jfclk sìa as sbmucdtbs7

F

Fbmkfc`k`b

C

Copbssakfc`k`b

O

Oarkfc`k`b

^

^ujfclc`k`b

B

Beclcçdlck

@CLK ;;0 ECFK\ Ks ecfks sìa dkturkcs `k vc`k. [ubr sbgk da jkdla, bspbrkd`a uo trkdspartb p÷jfcla, bdtrb autras. Oks bxcstb uo `cspasta da `blrbta qub pa`b trkzbr `÷vc`ks b sbr kjar`k`k dk suk pravk7 

@bcxkr a sbrvc`ar p÷jfcla qukfqubr pbssak î bspbrk `b safuíìa qub laopbtb ka sbtar bo qub bxbrík suks eudíòbs, pbroctcd`a k earokíìa `b fadmks ecfks , au qukfqubr autrk bspãlcb `b ktrksa dk prbstkíìa `a sbrvcía, dìa lkrkltbrczk kpbdks ktctu`b ladtrk k ãtclk au kta `b `bsuokdc`k`b, oks prcdlcpkfobdtb mrkvb `kda oarkf kas usuërcas `as sbrvcías p÷jfclas. Pa`as as `crbctas rbsbrvk`as. pracjc`k lüpck, pfëmca au llaobrlckfczkíìa. aobrlckfczkíìa. ^bdskr Ladlursas.

0<

 

 

Oboarbx ^rã-CD\\ “ Pãldcla “ Za`k`k >: Lfkra qub uok ecfk laouo dìa ã oatcva pkrk qub sb klhb qub uo sbrvc`ar dìa ajsbrvk suks ktrcjucíòbs. Oks qub fadmks ecfks `bvbo sco sbr bvctk`ks. B laoa cssa pa`b lkcr dk suk pravk1 Ukoas vbr bssk qubstìa scoufk`k7

[RB\PÌA. ^b`ra ã uo sbrvc`ar `b fadmk `ktk, oks `b kfmuds tbopas pkrk lë, bfb tbo bstk`a oucta fcmk`a k gama adfcdb lhkok`a Ecrb Ecrb, b a gamk da harërca `b trkjkfha. Bdqukdta gamkvk, earoau-sb mrkd`b `b pbssaks qub dblbssctkvko sbr ktbd`c`ks par uok bfb. A ecfk ekta rbfktcvkobdtb `a laopartkobdta `b ^b`ra tbr earok`a uok ecfk fadmk `b pbssaks qub prblcskvko sbr dìa ã daroktczk da `blrbta. ( ) LBZPA ( ) BZZK@A Mkjkrcta7 Brrk`a.

@CLK ;;2 @CUC\ÌA @A LÜ@CMA “ @BLZBPA ;.;=;/;330 K `cvcsìa `a lü`cma ã k sbmucdtb7

LK^ÏPRFA ; @ks rbmrks `badtafümclks7 Ad`b eclko ks rbmrks okcs jkscfkrbs, qub passubo uo pk`rìa k sbr sbmuc`a pbfa sbrvc`ar @as prcdlcpkcs `bvbrbs7 Kquc eclko as prcdlcpkcs `bvbrbs `a sbrvc`ar. B ã copartkdtb ercskr qub kquc tbo rbmrkobdtas sajrb `bvbrbs b lad`utks dìa kpbdks da kojcbdtb `b trkjkfha, oks tkojão eark `bfb. @ks vb`kíòbs7 Ub`kíìa  scmdceclk pracjcíìa. Au sbgk, kquc bstìa daroktczk`as as laopartkobdtas ladsc`brk`as pracjc`as.  LK^ÏPRFA : Laocssòbs `b ãtclk7  Kquc bstìa ks daroktczkíòbs rbebrbdtbs îs laocssòbs `b ãtclk, kssudta k sbr trktk`a bo autrk ra`k`k. 

Pa`as as `crbctas rbsbrvk`as. pracjc`k lüpck, pfëmca au llaobrlckfczkíìa. aobrlckfczkíìa. ^bdskr Ladlursas.

00

 

 

Oboarbx ^rã-CD\\ “ Pãldcla “ Za`k`k >: ZBMCOB GRZÏ@CLA ×DCLA @CLK ;;5 ZBMCOB @A\ \BZUC@AZB\ ^×JFCLA\ EB@BZKC\ - FBC 8.;;:/;33> Zbcdtbmrkíìa  ã earok `b  pravcobdta `brcvk`a, ladstkd`a da krt. 0;, §:·, `k Ladstctucíìa Eb`brkf, b da krt. :8 `k Fbc 8.;;:/;33>, b alarrbrë qukd`a ear cdvkfc`k`k k p÷ jfcla bstëvbf9 `bocssìa, par `blcsìa gu`clckf au k`ocdcstrktcvk, `a sbrvc`ar p÷jfcla @kï a sbrvc`ar rbtardkrë ka lkrma `b arcmbo, au ka lkrma `blarrbdtb `b suk trkdsearokíìa, `bvbd`a sbr rbsskrlc`a `b ta`ks ks vkdtkmbds k qub tbrck `crbcta9 Gë da lksa a lkrma  tbr sc`a bxtcdta, a sbrvc`ar eclkrë bo `cspadcjcfc`k`b, ktã a sbu kpravbctkobdta (Fbc 8.;;:/;33>, krt. :8, §;·)9 Kfão `cssa, bdladtrkd`a-sb pravc`a a lkrma, a sbu bvbdtukf alupkdtb sbrë rblad`uzc`a ka lkrma `b arcmbo, sbo `crbcta î cd`bdczkíìa, au kpravbctk`a bo autra lkrma, au, kcd`k, pasta bo `cspadcjcfc`k`b9

@CLK ;;= ZBMCOB @A\ \BZUC@AZB\ ^×JFCLA\ EB@BZKC\-FBC 8.;;:/;33> Zblad`uíìa  ã a rbtarda `a sbrvc`ar bstëvbf  ka lkrma kdtbrcarobdtb alupk`a, bxcstbo `uks hcpütbsbs bo qub alarrb k rblad`uíìa rblad`uíìa,, kojks kpfclëvbcs kpbdks ka sbrvc`ar bstëvbf9 ^bfk cdkjcfctkíìa  bo bstëmca  prajktürca  rbfktcva k autra lkrma, bo qub a sbrvc`ar bstëvbf ajtão kpravkíìa, par obca `b ladlursa p÷jfcla, pkrk autra lkrma, da bdtkdta, qukd`a bo bxbrlïlca da dava lkrma, a sbrvc`ar dìa ladsbmub kpravkíìa da bstëmca prajktürca, oatcva pbfa qukf dìa okcs pa`brë pbrokdblbr dbstb lkrma9 ^bfk rbcdtbmrkíìa  `a kdtbrcar  alupkdtb  `a lkrma, au sbgk, cdvkfc`k`k par sbdtbdík  gu`clckf k `bocssìa `a sbrvc`ar bstëvbf, sbrë bfb rbcdtbmrk`a, b a bvbdtukf  alupkdtb  `k vkmk, sb bstëvbf, rblad`uzc`a  ka lkrma `b arcmbo, sbo `crbcta k cd`bdczkíìa, kpravbctk`a bo autra lkrma au pasta bo `cspadcjcfc`k`b lao rboudbrkíìa praparlcadkf ka tbopa `b sbrvcía9

@CLK ;;8 ZBMCOB @A\ \BZUC@AZB\ ^×JFCLA\ EB@BZKC\-FBC 8.;;:/;33> ^assb  ã k cdvbstc`urk da lkrma p÷jfcla, b passb alarrb udclkobdtb da lksa `k daobkíìa9 Ã k pkrtcr `k passb qub sb ecrok a vïdlufa eudlcadkf lao k K`ocdcstrkíìa, oaobdta bo qub a daobk`a pksskrë k sbrvc`ar p÷jfcla. Kssco, kdtbs `k passb, a lkd`c`kta daobk`a dìa ã sbrvc`ar p÷jfcla dbo passuc vïdlufa gurï`cla eudlcadkf, lad`cíìa qub sü alarrbrë da kta `k passb9 K passb `kr-sb-ë pbfk ksscdkturk `a rbspbltcva tbroa, da qukf `bvbrìa ladstkr ks ktrcjucíòbs, as `bvbrbs, ks rbspadskjcfc`k`bs b as `crbctas cdbrbdtbs ka lkrma alupk`a, qub dìa pa`brìa sbr kftbrk`as udcfktbrkfobdtb, par qukfqubr `ks pkrtbs, rbsskfvk`as as ktas `b aeïlca prbvcstas bo fbc9  A prkza pkrk taokr passb ã `b  `cks, coprarramëvbcs, ladtk`as `k pujfclkíìa

`a kta `b pravcobdta (daobkíìa)9 Pa`as as `crbctas rbsbrvk`as. pracjc`k lüpck, pfëmca au llaobrlckfczkíìa. aobrlckfczkíìa. ^bdskr Ladlursas.

02

 

 

Oboarbx ^rã-CD\\ “ Pãldcla “ Za`k`k >: A pravcobdta  sb `ë lao k daobkíìa, b k cdvbstc`urk  sb `ë lao k passb  (prada cdpa)9 K passb pa`b sbr rbkfczk`k ob`ckdtb pralurkíìa bspblïeclk9

@CLK ;;3 ZBMCOB @A\ \BZUC@AZB\ ^×JFCLA\ EB@BZKC\ - FBC 8.;;:/;33> A bxbrlïlca ã a bebtcva `bsbopbdha `ks ktrcjucíòbs `a lkrma p÷jfcla au eudíìa `b ladeckdík9 A prkza pkrk a cdïlca  `a bxbrlïlca `a sbrvc`ar bopassk`a ã `b ;2 `cks, coprarramëvbcs, ladtk`as `k `ktk `k passb, uok vbz qub gë eac earokfczk`a a vïdlufa  gurï`cla lao k K`ocdcstrk K`ocdcstrkíìa, íìa, sb a sbrvc`ar d dìa ìa bdtrkr bbo o bxbrlïlca da prkza fbmkf, sbrë bfb bxadbrk`a9 K gardk`k `b trkjkfha `as sbrvc`arbs sbrë ecxk`k bo rkzìa `ks ktrcjucíòbs pbrtcdbdtbs kas rbspbltcvas lkrmas, rbspbctk`k k `urkíìa oëxcok `a trkjkfha sbokdkf `b 0> harks  b ajsbrvk`as as fcoctbs oïdcoa b oëxcoa `b 5 harks b 8 harks `cërcks, rrbspbltcvkobdt bspbltcvkobdtb9 b9 K`octb-sb, parão, qub fbcs bspblckcs bstkjbfbíko gardk`ks `b trkjkfhas `cebrbdtbs, laoa alarrb, par bxbopfa, da rbmcob `b pfkdtadcstk pfkdtadcstks9 s9

@CLK ;:> ZBMCOB @A\ \BZUC@AZB\ ^×JFCLA\ EB@BZKC\-FBC 8.;;:/;33> A bstëmca  prajktürca  rbprbsbdtk a pbrïa`a `b tbopa  bo qub k lkpklc`k`b  `a sbrvc`ar sbrë kvkfck`k pkrk a bxbrlïlca `a lkrma9 @cspòb a krt. :> `k Fbc 8.;;: qub, ka bdtrkr bo bxbrlïlca, a sbrvc`ar daobk`a pkrk lkrma `b pravcobdta bebtcva eclkrë sugbcta k bstëmca prajktürca, `urkdtb a qukf k suk kptc`ìa b lkpklc`k`b sbrìa ajgbta `b kvkfckíìa pkrk a `bsbopbdha `a lkrma, ajsbrvk`as as sbmucdtbs ektarbs7

k) kssc`uc`k`b9 j) `cslcpfcdk9 l) lkpklc`k`b `b cdclcktcvk9 `) pra`utcvc`k`b9 rbspadskjcfc`k`b9 k`b9 b) rbspadskjcfc`

Bstëmca prajktürca  b a mkdha `b Bstkjcfc`k`b sìa lacsks `cstcdtks. A bstëmca prajktürca ã uo pbrïa`a bo qub a sbrvc`ar sbrë kvkfck`a qukdta î kptc`ìa pkrk `bsbopbdhkr `btbrocd `btbrocdk`a k`a lkrma, bdqukdta k bstkjcfc`k`b ã ajtc`k, uok ÷dclk vbz, pbfa sbrvc`ar p÷jfcla `bdtra `b uo obsoa bdtb eb`brk`a, au sbgk, a sbrvc`ar tardk-sb bstëvbf d ìa bo uo lkrma `btbrocdk`a9 da sbrvcía p÷jfcla `bdtra `b uo bdtb eb`brk`a, b dìa A bstëmca prajktürca tbo `urkíìa `b : @CLK ;:; ZBMCOB @A\ \BZUC@AZB\ ^×JFCLA\ EB@BZKC\-FBC 8.;;:/;33> K vklêdlck  larrbspad`b îs hcpütbsbs bo qub a sbrvc`ar `bsalupk a sbu lkrma , tardkd`a-a pkssïvbf `b prbbdlhcobdta par autrk pbssak9 \ìa hcpütbsbs `b vklêdlck7 bxadbrkíìa, `bocssìa, praoaíìa, rbk`kptkíìa, kpasbdtk`arck, passb bo autra lkrma cdkluoufëvbf cdkluoufëvbf b ekfblcobdta9 Da lksa `k bxadbrkíìa, `k `bocssìa  b `a ekfblcobdta, alarrb a raopcobdta `becdctcva  `a vïdlufa `a sbrvc`ar lao k K`ocdcstrkíìa. Gë dk praoaíìa, rbk`kptkíìa, kpasbdtk`arck  b passb bo autra lkrma cdkluoufëvbf, alarrb k kftbrkíìa `a vïdlufa  au ekz-sb surmcr uo dava9

Bxadbrkíìa  ã k earok `b vklêdlck  bo qub alarrb k `cssafuíìa `a vïdlufa gurï`cla, sbo lkrëtbr pudctcva, qub bdlbrrk k rbfkíìa eudlcadkf `a sbrvc`ar lao k K`ocdcstrkíìa, k pb`c`a au `b aeïlca9 Bxadbrkíìa `a sbrvc`ar bebtcva k pb`c`a  ã qukd`a a prüprca sbrvc`ar safclctk k suk bxadbrkíìa, `b aeïlca ã qukd`a k cdclcktcvk `blarrb `k prüprck K`ocdcstrkíìa9

@CLK ;:: ZBMCOB @A\ \BZUC@AZB\ ^×JFCLA\ EB@BZKC\-FBC 8.;;:/;33> K Fbc 8.;;:/;33> kprbsbdtk `uks  hcpütbsbs `b `bsfalkobdta7 k rboaíìa  b k rb`cstrcjucíìa. Bfks dìa sìa earoks `b pravcobdta dbo `b vklêdlck, pacs rbprbsbdtko kpbdks k tralk `a falkf `b fatkíìa `a sbrvc`ar9 Zboaíìa ã a `bsfalkobdta `a sbrvc`ar p÷jfcla `bdtra `a obsoa quk`ra `b pbssakf (Fbc 8.;;:/;33>, krt. : K `cebrbdík bdtrb k rboaíìa  b k rb`cstrcjucíìa  ã qub, dkqubfk, alarrb a `bsfalkobdta `a sbrvc`ar, okdtbd`a-sb a qukdtctktcva prbvcsta `a quk`ra `b pbssakf cdkftbrk`a9 B dk rb`cstrcjucíìa, alarrb a `bsfalkobdta `a lkrma, au sbgk, a quk`ra `b pbssakf saerb oa`ceclkíòbs9

@CLK ;:0 ZBMCOB @A\ \BZUC@AZB\ ^×JFCLA\ EB@BZKC\-FBC 8.;;:/;33> A krt. 0·  `btbrocdk qub ã pracjc`k k prbstkíìa `b sbrvcías mrktuctas, skfva  ks sctukíòbs bxprbsskobdtb bxprbsskobdtb prbvcstks bo fbc9 A krt. 0>  `bdaocdk `b vbdlcobdta k rbtrcjucíìa pbludcërck pbfa bxbrlïlca `b lkrma p÷jfcla, lao vkfar ecxk`a bo fbc9 K rboudbrkíìa ã a vbdlcobdta `a lkrma bebtcva, klrbslc`a `ks vkdtkmbds pbludcërcks pbrokdbdtbs bstkjbfblc`ks bstkjbfblc`ks bo fbc fbc99 Bdqukdta a vbdlcobdta ã k pkrlbfk jësclk `a qub rblbjb a sbrvc`ar p÷jfcla pbfa bxbrlïlca `b suks ktcvc`k`bs, k rboudbrkíìa ã k saok `a vbdlcobdta lao ks vkdtkmbds pbludcërcks `b lkrëtbr pbrokdbdt pbrokdbdtb9 b9 Kfão `a vbdlcobdta, pa`brìa sbr pkmks ka sbrvc`ar ks sbmucdtbs vkdtkmbds7

cd`bdczkíòbs, mrktceclkíòbs b k`clcadkcs (mkc)9 @CLK ;:2 ZBMCOB @A\ \BZUC@AZB\ ^×JFCLA\ EB@BZKC\-FBC 8.;;:/;33> Ks cd`bdczkíòbs dìa sb cdlarparko ka vbdlcobdta au pravbdta pkrk qukfqubr bebcta (krt. 03, §;·). Gë ks mrktceclkíòbs  b as k`clcadkcs cdlarparko-sb ka vbdlcobdta au pravbdta, das lksas b lad`cíòbs cd`clk`as bo fbc9 Ks cd`bdczkíòbs sìa pkmks mbrkfobdtb bo lkrëtbr bvbdtukf, tbd`a par ajgbta k rbstctucíìa `b `bspbsks rbkfczk`ks pbfa sbrvc`ar pkrk bxbrlbr ks suks ktrcjucíòbs9 \ìa quktra ks bspãlcbs `b cd`bdczkíòbs7 Kgu`k `b lusta, @cërcks, Cd`bdczkíìa `b trkdspartb b Kuxïfca-oark`ck9   `bstcdk-sb k laopbdskr cdstkfkíìa `a sbrvc`ar @B LR\PA ks `bspbsks qub,KGR@K da cdtbrbssb `a sbrvcía, pksskr k tbr bxbrlïlca bo davk  `b sb`b, lao ou`kdík `b `aoclïfca bo lkrëtbr pbrokdbdtb9

@CËZCK\ pkrk a  sbrvc`ar qub, k sbrvcía, kekstkr-sb `k sb`b  bo lkrëtbr bvbdtukf au trkdsctürca pkrk autra padta `a tbrrctürca dklcadkf au pkrk a bxtbrcar, ekrë gus k pksskmbds b `cërcks  `bstcdk`ks k cd`bdczkr ks pkrlbfks  `b `bspbsks bxtrkar`cdërcks lao pausk`k, kfcobdtkíìa b falaoaíìa urjkdk9 CD@BDCWKÍÌA @B PZKD\^AZPB  sbrë ladlb`c`k ka sbrvc`ar qub rbkfczkr `bspbsks lao k utcfczkíìa `b obca prüprca `b falaoaíìa pkrk k bxbluíìa `b sbrvcías bxtbrdas, par earík `ks ktrcjucíòbs prüprcks `a lkrma9 KRXÏFCA  OAZK@CK  trktk-sb `a rbsskrlcobdta `ks `bspbsks laopravk`kobdtb rbkfczk`ks pbfa sbrvc`ar lao kfumubf `b oark`ck  au lao obca `b haspb`kmbo  Pa`as as `crbctas rbsbrvk`as. pracjc`k lüpck, pfëmca au llaobrlckfczkíìa. aobrlckfczkíìa. ^bdskr Ladlursas.

08

 

 

Oboarbx ^rã-CD\\ “ Pãldcla “ Za`k`k >: k`ocdcstrk`a par boprbsk hatbfbcrk, da prkza `b ; oçs kpüs k laopravkíìa `k `bspbsk pbfa sbrvc`ar9

Pa`as as `crbctas rbsbrvk`as. pracjc`k lüpck, pfëmca au llaobrlckfczkíìa. aobrlckfczkíìa. ^bdskr Ladlursas.

03

 

 

Oboarbx ^rã-CD\\ “ Pãldcla “ Za`k`k >: @CZBCPA K@OCDC\PZKPCUA @CLK ;:5 ^A@BZB\ K@OCDC\PZKPCUA\7 LADLBCPA As ^a`brbs K`ocdcstrktcvas sìa cdstruobdtas  lafalk`as î `cspascíìa `a k`ocdcstrk`ar pkrk ktcdmcr a cdtbrbssb p÷jfcla. Dìa `bvbo sbr ladeud`c`as lao ^a`brbs `a Bstk`a (Bxblutcva, Fbmcsfktcva b Gu`clcërca). ^a`br dìa ã uok ekluf`k`b, oks sco uo `bvbr `a kmbdtb p÷jfcla.

@CLK ;:= KJR\A @A ^A@BZ \ìa bspãlcbs `b kjusa `b pa`br7 (c) bxlbssa `b pa`br9 b (cc) `bsvca `b pa`br.

Bxlbssa `b pa`br7 A bxlbssa `b pa`br alarrb qukd`a a kmbdtb ktuk kfão `as fcoctbs fbmkcs  `b suk laopbtçdlck.

@bsvca `b pa`br au `b ecdkfc`k`b7  A `bsvca qukdta îoks ecdkfc`k`b alarrb qukd`a a k`ocdcstrk`ar kmbdtb. `bdtra `as fcoctbs `b`b sukpa`br laopbtçdlck, a ekz pkrk kflkdíkr eco `cvbrsa `a prbvcsta

@CLK ;:8 ^A@BZ HCBZËZ[RCLA Ã a pa`br pkrk bstkjbfblbr k hcbrkrquck bdtrb ürmìas b kmbdtb p÷jfcla.  Ürmìas `b dïvbf supbrcar ecslkfczko b rbvcsko ktas `b ürmìas `b hcbrkrquck cdebrcar, lao k larrbíìa `as ktas ob`ckdtb rbvamkíìa au kdufkíìa.

@BFBMKÍÌA B KUALKÍÌA Dk `bfbmkíìa, k kutarc`k`b trkdsebrb pkrtb `b suks ktrcjucíòbs pkrk autra kmbdtb prktclkr a kta. Dk kvalkíìa, uok kutarc`k`b lhkok pkrk sc k prëtclk `b kta `b sujar`cdk`a. K `bfbmkíìa dìa bxcmb qub bxcstk hcbrkrquczkíìa. K kvalkíìa bxcmb hcbrkrquck, pa`bd`a kvalkr qubo passuï k hcbrkrquck supbrcar.

@CLK ;:3 ^A@BZ @C\LC^FCDKZ Ã a pa`br `b pudcr cdtbrdkobdtb ks cderkíòbs `as sbrvc`arbs au autrks pbssaks sugbctks  î rbfkíìa lao k K`ocdcstrkí K`ocdcstrkíìa ìa ^÷jfclk. Ã uo pa`br qub cdlc`b tkdta bo rbfkíìa k sbrvc`arbs  sbrvc`arbs  laoa  tkojão k pkrtclufkrbs, qub okdtbdhko kfmuo tcpa `b vïdlufa bspblckf lao a pa`br p÷jfcla. Bx.7 Ladlbssca Ladlbsscadërcas dërcas `b \brvcías ^÷jfclas. ^krk pudcíìa ã dblbssërck k bxcstçdlck `b supbrcarc`k`b hcbrërquclk. Pa`as as `crbctas rbsbrvk`as. pracjc`k lüpck, pfëmca au llaobrlckfczkíìa. aobrlckfczkíìa. ^bdskr Ladlursas.

2>

 

 

Oboarbx ^rã-CD\\ “ Pãldcla “ Za`k`k >: A pa`br `cslcpfcdkr tbo laoa lkrkltbrïstclk k `cslrclcadkrcb`k`b, au sbgk, okrmbo `b fcjbr`k`b pkrk `blc`cr sajrb a kta k ta okcs k`bquk`a k sbr kpfclk`a. k pfclk`a.

@CLK ; ^A@BZ ZBMRFKOBDPKZ Ã a pa`br `k k`ocdcstrkíìa `b b`ctkr ktas daroktcvas  pkrk laopfbobdtkíìa `ks fbcs (^a`br Daroktcva). Bx.7 B`cíìa `b @blrbta pbfa ^rbsc`bdtb `k Zbp÷jfclk pkrk rbmufkobdtkr eudlcadkobdta `k k`ocdcstrkíìa p÷jfclk. \b a kta rbmufkobdtkr bxtrkpafkr k suk eudíìa, k LE/88 kutarczk a Ladmrbssa Dklcadkf k sustkr a kta.

@CLK ;: @CLK ;5; PZCJRDKF @A G×ZC K laopbtçdlck `a trcjudkf `a g÷rc pkrk gufmkobdta `as lrcobs `afasas ladtrk k vc`k pa`b kopfck`k pbfa fbmcsfk`ar ar`cdërca. @ë-sb a daob `b fktralïdca ka lrcob `b rauja qukfceclk`a pbfk oartb `k vïtcok. Bo qub pbsb hkvbr k oartb `k vïtcok, bo rbkfc`k`b trktk-sb `b lrcob ladtrk a pktrcoðdca  b dìa ladtrk k vc`k.

KPBDÍÌA! [ukd`a a kmbdtb qub laobtbr a lrcob `afasa ladtrk k vc`k `btcvbr eara bspblckf par ramktcvk `b eudíìa prbvcsta dk Ladstctucíìa Eb`brkf , k laopbtçdlck dìa sbrë `a trcj `a g÷rc. 

@CLK ;5: LZCOB\ CDKECKDÍËUBC\ B CO^ZB\LZCPÏUBC\ Lrcobs cdkeckdíëvbcs b coprbslrctïvbcs “ Zklcsoa b Kíìa `b mrupas krok`as ladtrk k ar`bo ladstctulcadkf ladstctulcadkf b a Bstk`a @boalrëtcla. ^krk fbojrkr, jkstk pbdskr dk Z KÍÌA KÍÌA (Zklcsoa b Kíìa `b mrupas krok`as).

LZCOB\ CDKECKDÍËUBC\ B CD\R\LBPÏUBC\ @B MZKÍK AR KDC\PCK . Rtcfczk-sb k scmfk : @b lkrëtbr pbrpãtua9 @b trkjkfhas earík`as9 @b jkdcobdta9 Lruãcs.

@CLK ;52 ^ZAMZB\\ÌA @B ZBMCOB K pbdk sbrë luoprc`k bo bstkjbfblcobdtas `cstcdtas, `b klar`a lao k dkturbzk `a `bfcta, k c`k`b b a sbxa `a kpbdk`a. Ã kssbmurk`a kas prbsas a rbspbcta î cdtbmrc`k`b eïsclk b oarkf.  Îs prbsc`cërcks sbrìa kssbmurk`ks lad`cíòbs pkrk qub passko pbrokdblbr lao sbus ecfhas `urkdtb a pbrïa`a `b kokobdtkíìa.

Pa`as as `crbctas rbsbrvk`as. pracjc`k lüpck, pfëmca au llaobrlckfczkíìa. aobrlckfczkíìa. ^bdskr Ladlursas.

5<

   

 

Oboarbx ^rã-CD\\ “ Pãldcla “ Za`k`k >: ZFO @CLK ;55 LADBLPCUA\ B \BR\ \CMDCECLK@A\ Bxcstbo >: au kojks E

@CLK ;53  \BDPBDÍK\ FÜMCLK\ Bo fümclk tboas >: tcpas `b sbdtbdíks7 KJBZPK\ au EBLHK@K\.

KJBZPK\ ã qukd`a k obsok DÌA pa`b sbr dbo U (vbr`k`bcra) dbo E (ekfsa). Bx.7  Bqukíòbs oktboëtclks ( ‖x + 2 ? ;>‟)  Cdbqukíòbs oktboëtclks {x ₦ Z/ x 4 :} 

EBLHK@K\ ka LADPZËZCA `ks kjbrtks, bfks pa`bo sbr UKFAZCWK@K\ bo vbr`k`bcra au ekfsa. Bx.7  Arkíìa laopastks (Gaìa ebz ;8 kdas b dìa tcrau lkrtk `b oatarcstk) @blfkrkr uo ebdðobda dkturkf (Bstë lhavbd`a)

@CLK ;=>  \BDPBDÍK\ B\^BLCKC\ B[RKÍÒB\  lao vkfar duoãrcla `k`a pkrk ks fbtrks `k qubstìa tbrë UKFAZ FÜMCLA, B[RKÍÒB\  `bcxkd`a `b sbr uo \BDPBDÍK KJBZPK. Bx.7 X “ S ? ;