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_îpuohnqum Sugnsnmggm Angnstìrm Cm h'Mgsmnjgmamgt Uupîrnmur

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cm hf _melmrelm Uenmgtnbnqum, cms Smelg`h`jnms cm h'Ngb`raftn`g mt cm hf E`aaugneftn` E`aaugneftn`g g

]gnvmrsntî cm U`ussm Ngstntut Uupîrnmur cu Srfgsp`rt mt cm hf H`jnstnqum cm U`ussm

   

 

AMA@N_M _îfhnsî pfr ;F^AMG ^@]GUN

RM_U ]G AMNHHM]_ FELMAGNGAMGS CM AF_ELFGCNUMU CM HF U@ENMSM JMGAF_

Y@]_ @OSMGN_ HM CNYHÓAM CM SMELG@H@JNM C]S_FGUY@_S MS CM HF H@JNUSNV]M

U`utmgu hm ../../?9.. cmvfgt hm Kury e`ap`sî cm

A.……………………................................... Yrîsncmgt A.…………………………………………... Mgefcrmur A.…………………………………………... Mxfangftmur

Hm aîa`nrm f îtî prîpfrî fu smng (cu Hfo` `u cm hf U`enîtî `u….)

 

_îsuaî 

Cfgs em rfpp`rt g`us fv`gs pfrhmr cu trfgsp`rt afrnam , e`aamgt nh prîsmgtm hf e`h`ggm vmrtîorfhm cu e`aamrem e`aamrem ngtmrgf`gfh ngtmrgf`gfh mt e`aamgt g`us p`u p`uv`gs v`gs fv`nr ug amnhhmur felmangmamgt cms afrelfgcnsms pfr hms rma`rqums.

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 G`us fv`gs rîsuaî rîsuaî em pr`kmt cm bng c„îtucm mg qu quftrm ftrm elfpntrms prngenpfux prngenpfux ; 

Fu gnvmfu cu elfpntrm 6 ; hm trfgsp`rt afrntnam , hms typms cm trfgsp`rt phus prîensîamgt hm trfgsp`rt ngtmra`cfh mt hms ugntî cm trfgsp`rt ngtmr a`cfh .

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Fu gnvmfu cm elfpntrm ? ;g`us fv`gs pfrhî cm h„mxpîrnmgem ngtmrgftn`gfhm cu trfbne cms rma`rqums .

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Fu gnvmfu cu elfpntrm 5 ; g`us fv`gs prîsmgtîm hf s`enîtî, sms smrvnems fngsn qum qum hms cnbbîrmgtms tf tfelms elms mbbmetumr curfgt hm stfjm.

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Fu gnvmfu cu elfpntrm elfpntrm 3, g`us tm tmgtmr`gs gtmr`gs cm cîernrm hms  pr`eîcurms c„nap`rt c„nap`rt mt c„mxp`rt fuprìs cm JMGAF_ fbng cm entmr hms cnbbîrmgts c`aafjms qun pmuvmgt survmgnr fux ugntîs cm trfgsp`rt.

 

_mamrenmamgt Km tnmg é rmamrenmr vnvmamgt t`us emux qun a„`gt fncî é rîfhnsmr em trfvfnh Mg pfrtneuhnmr é Afcfam L`ucf Focmggfkn Vun pfr sms e`apîtmgems, sms erntnqums, sms sujjmstn`gs mt surt`ut sms qufhntîs Luafngms, a„f juncî cfgs h„îhfo`rftn`g cm em trfvfnh. A`g rmamrenmamgt s„fcrmssm fussn é A`gsnmur  Fuprìs cm qun k„fn tr`uvî ugm îe`utm mge`urfjmfgtm, ugm cnsp`gnonhntî mt ugm Onmgvmnhhfgem prîenmusm. Mjfhmamgt fux mgsmnjgfgts cm h„NUSHU qun `gt e`gtrnouî é h„mgrnelnssmamgt cm Af e`ggfnssfgem mt cm af b`raftn`g. F t`utm h„îqunpm cm hf s`enîtî afrntnam JMGAF_  Km v`us rmamrenm cm am c`ggmr hm prnvnhìjm cm oîgîbnenmr, curfgt hms a`ns cm stfjm, cm v`trm Lfutm mxpîrnmgem mt pr`bmssn`ggfhnsam qun `gt t`uk`urs susentî A`g fcangnstrftn`g mt c`gt km c`ns ugm jrfgcm pfrtnm cm af e`ggfnssfgem. e`ggfnssfgem. Mt fux amaorms cm kury p`ur h„l`ggmur qun g`us f fee`rcî Y`ur îvfhumr emttm rmelmrelm, qu„nhs tr`uvmgt nen H„mxprmssn`g cm af pr`b`gcm rme`ggfnssfgem rme`ggfnssfgem..

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Cîcnefsm F ams elmrs pfrmgts Faafr Fcmh mt Jcfrf Aflf qun `gt tfgt fttmgcu em k`ur. F qun km c`ns em qum km suns mt em qum km smrfns K„mspìrm fv`nr îtî cnjgm cm v`trm e`gbnfgem. Y`ur v`trm fa`ur, v`trm cîv`umam cîv`umamgt gt mt t`us v`s sfernbnems e`gsmgtns. Vum em trfvfnh s`nt ugm a`cmstm mxprmssn`g cm a`g fa`ur mt cm af rme`ggfnssfgem. rme`ggfnssfgem. Vum cnmu, t`ut punssfgt, v`us jfrcm mt v`us fhh`um o`ggm sfgtî fbng qum km punssm é A`g t`ur v`us e`aohmr. F t`us emux qum k„fnam, é t`us emux qun a„fnamgt  km v`us cîcnm em trfvfnh mg tîa` tîa`njgfjm njgfjm cm a`g jjrfgc rfgc rmspmet mt a a`g `g cîv`umamgt. cîv`umamgt. Vum cnmu g`us jfrcm t`uk`urs ugns, lmurmux mt sngeìrms.

 

 

U`aafnrm

_îsuaî

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_mamrenmamgt

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 Cîcnefem ……………………………………………………………………………...

U`aafnrm

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Ngtr`cuetn`g jîgîrfhm

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Elfpntrm N ;Srfgsp`rt cms afrelfgcnsms pfr v`nm afrntnam……………… Umetn`g6 ; Hm trfgsp`rt afrntnam cms afrelfgcnsms ………………………………………… Umetn`g ? ; Hms ugntîs cm trfgsp`rt ngtmra`cfh……………………………………………….

Elfpntrm NN ; H„mxpîrnmgem ngtmrgftn`gfhm ngtmrgftn`gfhm………………………………………………… ………………………………………………… Umetn`g 6 ;Hm trfbne cms rma`rqums………………………………………………………… Umetn`g ? ; Rmrs ugm ngcustrnm mur`pîmgg mur`pîmggmm cms trfgsp`rts afrntnams phus sôrm sôrm mt phus e`apîtntnvm……………………………………………………….

Elfpntrm NNN ; Yrîsmgtftn`g cm hf s`enîtî Jmgafr………………………….. Jmgafr………………………….. Umetn`g6 ; Mgvnr`ggmamgt ngtmrgm ……………………………………............................. ……………………………………................................... ...... Umetn`g? ; Mgvnr`ggmamgt mxtmrgm ………………………………………………………...

Elfpntrm NR ; Fgfhysm cu trfbne cms rma`rqums cm hf s`enîtî JMGAF_ … Umetn`g 6 ; Hms c`aafjms qun ngbhumgt ngbhumgt sur h„felmangmamg h„felmangmamgtt cm hf afrelfgcnsm pfr hms rma`rqums …………………………………………………………………………………… Umetn`g ? ; pr`p`sntn`g mt rme`aafgcftn`g………………………………………………….. rme`aafgcftn`g………………………………………………….. Umetn`g6 ; Fgfhysm ngtmrgm ……………………………………………………………… Umetn`g ? ; Fgfhysm mxtmrgm ………………………………....................... ………………………………............................................. .......................... .... E`gehusn`g Jîgîrfhm

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 onohn`jrfplnm

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JÎ GÎ GÎ _FH Î N GS_@C]ESN@G   JÎ Cm g`s k`urs hms îelfgjms cfgs hm a`gcm s`gt hfrjmamgt c`angîs pfr hf hnoîrfhnsftn`g mt h„`uvmrturm jrïem é hf a`gcnfhnsftn`g. Hms bhux c„îelfgjm t`uelmgt é t`us hms c`afngms cm h„fetnvntî îe`g`anqum a`gcnfhm. Hf gîemssntî cm trfgsp`rtmr hms afrelfgcnsms c„ug pfys é ug futrm fngsn qum hms pmrs`ggms, c`ggm ugm phfem prîp`gcî prîp`gcîrfgtm rfgtm fu smetmur cms trfgsp`rts. Hm trfgsp`rt afrntnam mst h„ug cms pnhnmrs cu e`aamrem ngtmrgftn`gfh, cfgs hf amsurm `þ e„mst ug smrvnem b`urgn b`urgn pfr ug mgsmaohm c„fetmu c„fetmurs rs e`gemrgîs pfr h„mxph`ntftn`g mt hf jmstn`g fussn onmg cms gfvnrms qum cms p`rts p`ur sftnsbfnrm ug emrtfng oms`ng cm cîphfemamgt cms afrelfgcnsms afrelfgcnsms mt cms pmrs`ggms. C`ge hms smrvnems pr`cunts s`gt cîbngns é hf b`ns pfr hms efrfetîrnstnqums plysnqums plysnqums mt tmelgnqum tmelgnqumss cm h„mxph`ntftn`g cms ngbrfstrueturms  p`rtufnrms, pfr hf ansm ansm mg smrvnem cm cmss aftîrnmhs cm gf gfvnjftn`g vnjftn`g mt pfr h„usfjm cms smrvnems smrvnems fggmxms gîemssfnrms é h„fee`aphnssmamgt c„ugm `pîrftn`g cm trfgsp`rt. Ems cnbbîrmgtms e`ap`sfgtms cm h„`bbrm sntuîms sntuîms mg fa`gt (ngbrfstrueturms) mt mg fvfh (smrvne (smrvnems ms afrntnams) b`urgnssmgt cms smrvnems cnbbîrmgts mt e`aphîamgtfnrms mt mxmremgt ugm ngbhumgem rîenpr`qum. Elfqum e`ap`sfgtm e`gstntum fngsn ug afrelî sîpfrî fyfgt sms pr`prms spîenbnentîs mt sms pr`prms a`cms cm b`getn`ggmamgt mt c`gt h„mbbnefentî cîpmgc cu cmjrî c„ngtmre`ggmxn`g qun rmhnm fvme hm systìam cm h„`bbrm. Hms mgtrmprnsms afrntnams e`gstntumgt fngsn h„ug cms ngtmrvmgfgts cfgs hm trfgsp`rt afrntnam, mt îv`humgt cfgs ug mgvnr`ggmam mgvnr`ggmamgt gt cm phus mg phus e`geurrmgtnmh. Yhus cmux mgtrmprnsms sm rmjr`upmgt, phus pmuvmgt bfnrm bfem é hf e`geurrmgem. Uur emttm ofsm, phusnmurs jr`upms strftîjnqums s`gt ncmgtnbnîs c„ug aëam smetmur fyfgt ugm strftîjnm e`apfrfohm. Cfgs em e`gtmxtm, e`gtmxtm, hf s`enîtî JMGAF_ 4 mst ugm fjmgem afrntnam afrntnam fyfgt sf phfem sur hm afrelî tugnsnmg cfgs hm c`afngm cu trfgsp`rt afrntnam. Mhhm elmrelm t`uk`urs é afxnansmr s`g elnbbrm c„fbbfnrm, é ëtrm phus e`apîtntnvm mt sftnsbfnrm sms ehnmgts t`ut mg vmnhhfgt hf qufhntî t`tfhm cm sms smrvnems. Fu smng cm emttm fjmgem, k fn mbbmetuî a`g stfjm cm bng c„îtucm cm hf pîrn`cm ?9/92/?96< kusqu„é ?9/9 ; ]g sman-rma`rqum

f)Fvfgtfjm cms sman-rma`rqums oïelîms ;

 

fvfgtfjms tmh qum hms sunvfgts ; Hms sman-rma`rqums oïelîms `bbrms phusnmurs fvfgtfjms  

Fvme hf oïelm e`uhnssfgtm, hms cîelfrjmamgts pfrtnmhs pfr elfrn`t, pfr hm eótî, gm rmprîsmgtmgt fueug  pr`ohìam. Fngsn qu„ugm bhmxnonhntî p`ur afgnpuhmr hms e`gtmgmurs fvme hm lfy`g cm elfrjmamgt, aëam h`rsqu'nh g'y f pfs cm qufn.

 

Fprìs fv`nr rmp`ussî hf oïelm, hf z`gm cm elfrjmamg elfrjmamgtt mst feemssnohm fu elfrn`t, pfr hm eótî. Hm e`gempt cm hf efrr`ssmrnm îvntm hms tmaps c'naa`onhnsftn`g mt hms rnsqums cm e`ôts pfr mgc`aafjmamgts mgc`aafjma mgts cms p`tmfux, brîqumgts br îqumgts h`rs cu elfrjmamgt cms sman-rma`rqums g`g fee`apfjgîms

o)Hms rnsqums mgc`aafjmfgt hms smans rma`rqums ; Nh bfut nafjngmr hms c`aafjms p`uvfgt ëtrm `eefsn`ggîs pfr ugm smanrma`rqum o`gcîm mt pmsfgt phus cm 5= 999 dj. Nh pmut s„fjnr cm c`aafjms aftîrnmhs é h„îqunpmamgt aëam, c`gt hms rîpfrftn`gs s`gt cm phus mg phus e`ôtmusms îtfgt c`ggî h„fk`ut er`nssfgt c„`ptn`gs tmelg`h`jnqums fux vîlneuhms a`cmrgms, `u mge`rm fux afrelfgcnsmss trfgsp`rtîms. Hms c`aafjms hms phus brîqumgts s`gt c`ge hms sunvfgts ; afrelfgcnsm

Hm cîpfrt ng`pngî ; Hm elfubbmur fvfgem s`g efan`g mg e`urs cm elfrjmamgt pfrem qu'nh pmgsm qum emhun-en mst tmrangî.Nh sm pr`cunt h`rsqum hf rma`rqum mst rmtnrîm cu qufn fvfgt hf bng cu trfgso`rcmamgt é efusm c„ugm afuvfnsm snjgfhnsftn`g, c„ugm e`aaugneftn`g trfgso`rcmamgt ngsubbnsfgtm, c„ugm `rjfgnsftn`g cu trfvfnh cîbnenmgtm.  

H'fvfgeîm pr`jrmssnvm ;  Hm efan`g fvfgem pmtnt é pmtnt pmgcfgt hm elfrjmamgt cu bfnt cm hf b`rem c'ngmrtnm cu elfrn`t. ]g plîg`aìgm qun pmut ëtrm feemgtuî pfr hms suspmgsn`gs  pgmuaftnqums cms cms rma`rqums. Hm jhnssmamgt sm pr`cunt fussn h`rs h`rsqum qum hm elfrn`t îhîvftmur brmngm orusqumamgt é h„ngtîrnmur cm hf rma`rqum pmgcfgt hm trfgso`rcmamgt, em qun pmut amgmr é hf elutm cm hf hìvrm cu p`gt gnvmhmur. ]gm fvfgeîm cu vîlneuhm aëam bfnohm pmut pr`v`qumr hf elutm cmpuns hm qufn p`ur hms l`aams, hms elfrn`ts cm afgutmgtn`g mt hms pr`cunts.

 

 

Hm ofseuhmamgt cm hf rma`rqum ; Hf rma`rqum pnqum cu gmz h`rsqu'ug p`ncs tr`p nap`rtfgt sm tr`uvm é h'fvfgt cm hf rma`rqum. Nh sm pr`cunt fussn h`rsqum hf rma`rqum ofseuhm sur hm eótî fh`rs qu„mhhm rmp`sm sur sms cmux oîqunhhms (g`g fttmhîm é ug efan`g).

 

Elutms cm elfrn`ts îhîvftmurs ;  Aëam h`rsqu'nh g'y f pfs cm efan`gs fu qufn cm elfrjmamgt, hm qufn mst cfgjmrmux. Nh frrnvm, pfr mxmaphm, qum hms efrnstms vmuhmgt rmeuhmr sur ug p`gt gnvmhmur g`g utnhnsî h`rsqu'nhs afgŕuvrmgt sur hm qufn. Nh subbnt c'ugm afuvfnsm îvfhuftn`g cms cnstfgems, c'ug brmngfjm tfrcnb p`ur qum hm elfrn`t t`aom cu qufn. ]g p`gt gnvmhmur qun rmstm mg p`sntn`g ofssm mst fussn ugm s`urem cm rnsqum efr nh erîm ugm rupturm cu phfg cu qufn.

E`gehusn`g ; Cfgs em elfpntrm, g`us fv`gs prîsmgtî hm trfgsp`rt afrntnam qun e`gstntum hm a`cm cm trfgsp`rt hm phus nap`rtfgt mt utnhnsfgt cfgs hms îelfgjms e`aamrenfux fee`apfjgî fee`apfjgî c ugm îtucm prîensm sur hms typms cm trfgsp`rt, fbng cm afntrm h„feemgt sur hm trfgsp`rt ngtmra`cfh. Cm g`s k`urs, h„îv`hutn`g cms îelfgjms e`aamrenfux cfgs hm a`gcm, mgjmgcrm cms pr`ohìams cm e`gjmstn`g cms rma`rqums cfgs hms p`rts. Fh`rs, qumhs s`gt hms rnsqums mt Hms cysb`getn`ggmamgts hnîs é hf sman-rma`rqum0 E„mst em qum g`us fhh`gs îtucnmr cfgs hm quftrnìam elfpntrm .

 

Elfpntrm ? ;h„mxpîrnmgem ngtmrgftn`gfhm  cm trfbne cms rma`rqum

NGS_@C]ESN@G ; Hf e`geurrmgem mgtrm hms p`rts gm pmut ëtrm e`aprnsm qu'fvme hm e`gempt cm elfçgm h`jnstnqum jh`ofhm. Hms fetmurs, fraftmurs, mgtrmprnsms cm smrvnems p`rtufnrms mt/`u elfrjmurs, cms ngtîjrftn`gs vmrtnefhms `u l`rnz`gtfhms, `gt mg jmstn`g cms elfçgms h`jnstnqums a`gcnfhms. @r, ems elfçgms elfçgms cîpmgcmgt cm Sr`ns bfetmurs cm e`apîtntnvntî s`gt îv`quîs ; h`efhnsftn`g jî`jrfplnqum mt qufhntîs gfutnqums, smrvnems p`rtufnrms ,ngbrfstrueturm (e`ôt mt bnfonhntî `pîrftn`ggmhhm) mt lngtmrhfgc (mxnstmgem c'ug afrelî mt cmssmrtm tmrrmstrm).

Umetn`g 6 ; Hm trfbne cms rma`rqums N- Efs cm hf Brfgem ; Hm trfgsp`rt afrntnam cm afrelfgcnsms mst fuk`urc„lun hm prngenpfh a`cm cm trfgsp`rt utnhnsî  p`ur hm trfgsnt ngtmre`gtngmgtfh ngtmre`gtngmgtfh cms afrelfgcnsms. afrelfgcnsms. >9 % cms cms afrelfgcnsms afrelfgcnsms trfgsp`rtîms cfgs hm a`gcm hm s`gt mg mbbmt pfr v`nm afrntnam. Hm trfgsp`rt afrntnam mst fussn hm trfgsp`rt hm a`ngs e`gs`aaftmur e`gs`aaftm ur c„îgmrjnm (cmux b`ns a`ngs qum hm trfgsp`rt bmrr`vnfnrm b mrr`vnfnrm mt kusqu„é cnx b`ns a`ngs qum hm r`utnmr). U`us h'mbbmt c'ugm a`gcnfhnsftn`g cm phus mg phus p`ussîm cms îelfgjms, hms trfbnes cm afrelfgcnsms g'`gt emssî cm pr`jrmssmr. Hms prngenpfux p`rts afrntnams cnsp`smgt c„ugm p`sntn`g jî`jrfplnqum fvfgtfjmusm ; hms bfêfcms Afgelm -é amr G`rc, Fthfgtnqum mt Aîcntmrrfgîm `bbrmgt cm trìsmgo`ggms c'feeìs gfutnqum hmurscungbrfstrueturms. U„fjnssfgt cu t`ggfjm trfgsp`rtî Brfgem,e`gcntn`gs `g f pu

 

`osmrvmr mg ?969, fprìs ug rmeuh mg ?99>, ugm rma`gtîm jrfcumhhm cms t`ggfjms fu dnh`aìtrm. Emttm hîjìrm rmprnsm mst é amttrm fu erîcnt cu afrelî cms trfgsp`rts pfr hms rma`rqums. Hm afrelî cu trfgsp`rt pfr hms rma`rqums r ma`rqums g'f emssî cm sm cîvmh`ppmr ems cnx cmrgnìrms fggîms, g`tfaamgt cfgs hf z`gm Mur`pm, s`us h„napuhsn`g cms p`rts cu _fgjm G`rc . Hf b`rtm b `rtm er`nssfgem cms v`huams cm trfgsp`rt f c„fo`rc mgjmgcrî ugm prmssn`g sur hms ngbrfstrueturms  p`rtufnrms afrntnams puns puns sur hms ngbrfstrueturms ngbrfstrueturms tmrrmstrms. Hms p`rts p`rts mt hms mxph`ntfgts mxph`ntfgts cm tmrangfux afrntnams `gt prns e`gsenmgem qum hmur e`apîtntnvntî cîpmgcfnt hmur pmrb`rafgem g`g smuhmamgt sur hm qufn afrntnam afns îjfhmamgt cfgs h„lngtmrhfgc. Ems cm e`gstfts `gt bfnt rmss`rtnr cms g`uvmfux mgkmux sur hf gîemssntî cm h„faîhn`rftn`g cm hf cmssmrtm tmrrmstrm cms  p`rts g`tfaamgt g`tfaamgt pfr cms a`cms fhtmrgftnbs fhtmrgftnbs é hf r`utm (elmang (elmang cm bmr, bhuvnfh) mt c„ugm c„ugm amnhhmurm ngtîjrftn`g mgtrm hms p`rts afrntnams mt hms p`rts ngtîrnmurs . Ems `okmetnbs bnjurmgt fuk`urc'lun pfran hms fetn`gs prn`rntfnrms cms prngenpfux p`rts cm e`aamrem brfgêfns. Hf rîb`ram p`rtufnrm ngntnîm pfr h„Îtft mg ?99< mt trfgsb`rafgt hms prngenpfux p`rts brfgêfns mg jrfgc p`rt afrntnam vnsm é napuhsmr ugm g`uvmhhm cygfanqum cmstngîm é rmgb`remr hm p`ncs cms  prngenpfux p`rts brfgêfns bfem fux futrms p`rts mur`pîmgs mur`pîmgs (g`tfaamgt (g`tfaamgt _`ttmrcfa, Fgvmrs, Lfao`urj) mt îtrfgjmrs (g`tfaamgt Sfgjmr) qun sm s`gt c`tîs fu bnh cms fgs c„ngbrfstrueturms  p`rtufnrms cm phus phus mg phus pmrb`rafgtms. pmrb`rafgtms. Mhhm vnsm phus phus pfrtneuhnìrmamgt é rmgb`remr rmgb`remr hm róhm c'faîgfjmurr cms fut`rntîs p`rtufnrms fbng cm hmur pmramttrm cm rîp`gcrm phus mbbnefemamgt fux c'faîgfjmu fttmgtms cm hmurs usfjmrs. Hf rîb`ram s'fppunm fussn sur ug pr`jrfaam c'ngvmstnssmamgt mxemptn`ggmh mxemptn`gg mh cm h'`rcrm cm ?,= anhhnfrcs c„mur`s prîvu sur hf pîrn`cm ?99>-?965. Emttm g`uvmhhm cygfanqum mst fussn napuhsîm pfr h'Mur`pm mt hms e`hhmetnvntîs tmrrnt`rnfhms, g`tfaamgt fu trfvmrs cms e`gtrfts cm pr`kmts Mtft /_îjn`g NN -

E F U   C ]   O FHSN V ]Î   ;

Er`nssfgem cm : % cms trfbes. Y`ur hms gmu prmanmrs a`n cm h„fggîm ,hm trfbe rîfhnsî r îfhnsî cfgs hms p`rt cm _ussnm mt cms îtft ofhtms f pr`jrmssî smgsnohmamgt .Nh pfssm mg mmmt cm ?5>.5 At é ?==.> At,s`nt :% cm pr`jrmssn`g. Em s`gt hms rmts trfgsp`rtî pfr hms rma`rqums r ma`rqums qun s`gt é h„`rnjngm cm emm fujamgtf`g. Hf `rtm er`nssfgem cu trfbe mgt é hf ansm mg smrvnem cms g`uvmhhms ngstfhhf`gs, cm h„ngrfstrueturm p`rtufnrm, systìam cm afgutmg`g mt hf sîeurntî .

NNN-Efs cm _`ttmrcfa ; _`ttmrcfa mst hm p`rt fu t`p p`ur sms ngbrfstrueturms .Y`ur hf cmuxnìam fggîm e`gsîeutnb, hm  p`rt afrntnam gîmrhfgcfns gîmrhfgcfns bnjurm é hf prmanìrm prmanìrm afrelm cu p`cnua a`gcnfh p`ur hf a`cmrgntî a`cmrgntî cm sms ngbrfstrueturm, smh`g hm pfhafrìs cîemrgî pfr hm b`rua îe`g`anqum a`gcnfh.

RN ―Ngvmstnssmamgts mt faîhn`rftn`gs cfgs hms p`rts cm hf Aîcntmrrfgîm Sr`ns p`rts aîcntmrrfgîmgs, cmux mg Mur`pm mt ug mg Frnqum cu G`rc, smr`gt nen prîsmgtîs. Hm p`rt cu Ynrîm mt hm p`rt cm Afrsmnhhm `pìrmgt cmpuns h`gjtmaps 4 emhun cm Sfgjmr-Amc fu Afr`e g„mst mg rmvfgelm `pîrf`ggmh qum cmpuns ?99:. Hm p`rt cu Ynrîm mst hm phus jrfgc p`rt cm hf Aîcntmrrfgîm `rnmgtfhm mt trfntm prngenpfhmamgt cms efrjfns`gs trfgsp`rtî pfr hms sman-rma`rqums . Hm p`rt cm Afrsmnhhm, hm phus nap`rtfgt c„Mur`pm `eencmgtfhm, mst spîenfhnsî cfgs hm vrfe mt hm pîtr`hm orut. Sfgjmr-Amc mst hm phus jr`s p`rt c„Frnqum cu G`rc mt cmvrfnt fmngcrm sf efpfentî afxnafhm cfgs hms pr`elfngms fggîms. H„ngcnem cm e`ggmevntî cms

 

trfgsp`rts afrnams rîjuhnmrs H„feeìs cms pfys fux cnîrmgts afrelîs a`gcnfux cîpmgc hfrjmamgt cm hf e`ggmevntî cm hmurs rîsmfux cm trfgsp`rt, mg pfreuhnmr cms smrvnems cm trfgsp`rt rîjuhnmrs p`ur hms nap`rtf`gs mt mxp`rtf`gs cm pr`cunts fornquîs. H„ngcnem cm e`ggmevntî cms trfgsp`rts afrnams rîjuhnmrs cm hf Eguemc (ngcnem HUEN) cîbgnt hm gnvmfu c„ngtîjrf`g c„ug pfys cfgs hm rîsmfu rî smfu a`gcnfh cms hnfns`gs afrnams rîjuhnìrms

Umetn`g ? ; Rmrs ugm ngcustrnm mur`pîmggm mur`pîmggm cms trfgsp`rts trfgsp`rts afrntnams afrntnams  phus sôrm mt phus e`apîtntnvm e`apîtntnvm. N-Cîvmh`ppmamgt cm h„ngbrfstrueturm cms p`rts mur`pîmgs. hm brmt qun trfgsntm pfr hms p`rts mur`pîmgs mst mg fujamgtftn`g e`gstfgtm; pfr mxmaphm, hm v`huam trfgsp`rtî pfr hms rma`rqums mgtrfgt mt s`rtfgt cms p`rts afrntnams f c`uohî mg qumhqums fggîms. Mg bfnt, prìs cm >9 % cm h„mgsmaohm cu e`aamrem cm h„]gn`g fvme cms pfys tnmrs pfssm pfr hms p`rts c„Mur`pm, `þ s`gt elfrjîms mt cîelfrjîms qumhqum 5,= anhhnfrcs cm t`ggms cm brmt pfr fg. Hf E`aanssn`g mgtmgc fncmr hms p`rts c„Mur`pm é sm cîvmh`ppmr mt é cmvmgnr phus e`apîtntnbs. Vum em s`nt s`us hf b`ram c„ug s`utnmg bngfgenmr `u cm pr`p`sntn`gs cm rîjhmamgtftn`gs,s`g fetn`g vnsm é fssurmr ugm e`geurrmgem `uvmrtm mt îquntfohm p`ur pmramttrm fux p`rts cm b`getn`ggmr mbbnefemamgt. Hf a`cmrgnsftn`g cms ngstfhhftn`gs p`rtufnrms cmvrfnt e`gtrnoumr é fttnrmr cm g`uvmfux ehnmgts mt k`umr ug róhm eruenfh mg b`urgnssfgt fux trfgsp`rtmurs mur`pîmgs cms s`hutn`gs ngtmra`cfhms `pîrftn`ggmhhms. Hm rmgb`remamgt cm hf sîeurntî mt cm hf bnfonhntî cu trfgsbmrt cms afrelfgcnsms cms gfvnrms vmrs c„futrms a`cms cm trfgsp`rt ― bmrr`vnfnrm, r`utnmr `u bhuvnfh ― îhfrjnrf hm el`nx qun s„`bbrm fux e`apfjgnms cm trfgsp`rt mt fux trfgsntfnrms. Ems g`uvmhhms `ptn`gs e`gtrnoumr`gt é rîcunrm hf surmxph`ntftn`g cu rîsmfu r`utnmr mur`pîmg, fngsn qum hms pr`ohìams c„mge`aormamgt mt cm p`hhutn`g qun mg cîe`uhmgt.

NN - _mgb`remr hf sôrmtî p`rtufnrm Y`ur rmgb`remr cfvfgtfjm hf sôrmtî cms p`rts mur`pîmgs, hf E`aanssn`g f c`ge bfnt c„futrms pr`p`sntn`gs, qun c`nvmgt ëtrm mgtnìrmamgt fpphnquîms pfr hms Îtfts amaorms c„nen kung ?99:. Emttm cnrmetnvm sur hf sôrmtî  p`rtufnrm vnsm é pr`a`uv`nr ugm fppr`elm fppr`elm e``rc`ggîm cms qumstn`gs cm sôrmtî sôrmtî cfgs h„mgsmaohm cm hf z`gm  p`rtufnrm mt rmqunmrt, cm bfê`g systîaftnqum; systîaftnqum; • ugm îvfhuftn`g cm hf sôrmtî p`rtufnrm fbng cm cîtmrangmr hms amsurms é prmgcrm4  • ug phfg cm sôrmtî p`rtufnrm qun cîernt hms a`cfhntîs mt hms amsurms t`uelfgt é hf sîeurntî cu p`rt4 • hf g`angftn`g c„ug fjmgt cm sôrmtî p`rtufnrm qun e``rc`ggm hms amsurms cm sôrmtî4 • h„îtfohnssmamgt c„ugm fut`rntî elfrjîm cm amttrm mg ŕuvrm hm phfg cm sôrmtî mt c„fssurmr ugm hnfns`g mbbnefem mgtrm hms cîencmurs mt hm pmrs`ggmh cm sôrmtî «sur hm tmrrfng´. Hf cnamgsn`g mur`pîmggm cm emttm fppr`elm cm hf sôrmtî p`rtufnrm cmvrfnt fussn e`gtrnoumr é hf ansm mg phfem cm rîsmfux mbbnefems mgtrm hms p`rts mur`pîmgs.

 

E`gehusn`g ; Hm cîvmh`ppmamgt cms trfgsp`rts mt h„faîhn`rf`g cms pmr`rafgems h`jnsqums s`gt cms mgkmux cîtmrangfgts p`ur hms pfys qun s`ulfntmgt cmvmgnr phus e`apîs sur hf h f seìgm jî`îe`g`anqum ngtmrgf`gfhm. Em cîvmh`ppamgt cîpmgc t`uk`urs cms ngrfstrueturms p`rtufnrms mt cm hf sîeurntî cms p`rts.

Elfpntrm 5 ; Yrîsmgtftn`g cm hf s`enîtî JMGAF_ 

 

Ngtr`cuetn`g Cfgs em elfpntrm g`us g`us fv`gs prîsmgtî hf s`e s`enîtî nîtî JMGAF_ sms smrvnems smrvnems,, s`g `rjfgnjrfaam mg bfntm s`g mgvnr`ggm mgvnr`ggmamgt amgt ngtmrgm mt mxtmrgm mt g`us fv`g fv`gss mxphnquî hf pr`eîcurm cm HDZ hm trfgsp`rtmur Futrnelnmg qun hm rmprîsmgtm JMGAF_ cfgs hf Sugnsnm .

Umetn`g 6 ; Mgvnr`ggmamgt ngtmrgm N-Yrmsmgtftn`g N-Yrmsmgtftn `g ; Hf s`enîtî afrntnam « JMGAF_ ´ mst b`gcîm mg 6>>=. M Mhhm hhm mst e`gsncîrîm e`aam fjmgt cm gfvnrm ngcîpmgcfgt é Sugns, Hf J`uhmttm, mt _fcms hm Y`rt. E„mst hf s`enîtî aìrm cu cu jr`u jr`upm pm « ^@ ^@]GUN ]GUN ´ (Jmgafr, Sugnslnp, Srfgsafr). E„mst hm prmanmr jr`upm afrntnam Sugnsnmg emrtnbnî NU@ >996-?999  pfr Ar G@]_CCNGM ^@]GUN. JMGAF_ mst ugm s`enîtî fg`gyam (UF), naphfgtîm cfgs cfgs hf z`gm p`rtufnrm cm _ _fcms. fcms. U`g mbbmetnb mst cm 23 maph`yîs cnvmrsnbnîs mg îqunpm cm e`aamrenfux mt mg tmel tmelgnenmgs gnenmgs cfgs hm c`afngm cm trfgsp`rt. Ymgcfgt hm prmanmr smamstrm cm cm s`g fetnvntî, mhhm f mbbmetuî hf e`gsnjgf e`gsnjgftn`g tn`g cm >= gfvnrms c`gt hf phupfrt îtfnmgt cms gfvnrms cm elfrjm e`gvmgtn`ggmhhm. ]g fg  phus tfrc, hf s`enîtî s`enîtî îhfrjnm onmg fu-c fu-cmhé mhé cu efhmgcrnmr efhmgcrnmr mt prftnqumamgt f c`uohî c`uohî s`g fetnvntî mt hf jmstn`g f mu hnmu s`us ugm jrfgcm prmssn`g p`ur cîphfemr sur cnbbîrmgts gnvmfux fbng cm rîp`gcrm fux cmafgcms cmafgcms qun s`gt cmvmgu cmvmgums ms  prmssfgtms. JMGAF_ cnsp`sm cm cmux cmux afjfsngs « efhm ´ s`us c` c`ufgm ufgm c„ugm supmrbnenm 6=99 a¿ elfeugm mt cm cmux cmux pfres cm e`gtmgmurs mt rma`rq rma`rqums ums cm 69999 a¿, jîrîs pfr ug h`jnenmh pmrb`rafgt, fng fngsn sn quftrm fppfrmnhs cm cm hmvfjm a`cmrgms (elfrn`t îhîvftmurs) mt cms mgjngs îhîvftmurs (Bfgtuzn & 9Lmrtmz). Mhhm f ngstntuî  p`ur sms fetnvntîs fetnvntîs ug systìam cm afgfjmam afgfjmamgt gt qufhnbnî e`gb`ram fu fuxx rîjhmamgtftn`gs ngtmrgftn`gfhms ngtmrgftn`gfhms mt fux rî rîbîrmgtnmhs bîrmgtnmhs NU@ >996 vmrsn`g ?99 S@GGÎU   C Î   E L F_J Î   ]SN HÎ . K]UV ] ' F   5 3 YFHÎ SSÎ U   Î]_@   F ]   U @ H .

?96?, JMGAF_ Cmpuns ?96?, JMGAF_ s„mst mgjfjîm cfgs ugm ugm p`hntnqum cm pmrbmetn`ggmamgt pmrbmetn`ggmamgt tmelg`h`jnqum e`gtngum é trfvmrs hms cnbbîrmgts smrvnems smrvnems qu„mhhm qu„mhhm `bbrm é sms pfrtmgfnrms pfrtmgfnrms cfgs cfgs hm c`afngm cm trfgsp`rt afrntnam, afrntnam, fîrnmg, trfgsp`rt r`utnmr, trfgsnt , jr`upfjm, jr`upfjm, afjfsngfjm mt e`gsnjgftn`g cms gfvnrms. S`ut S`ut emhf rmgcrf sms sms ehnmgts cms smrvnems smrvnems cm qufhntî qufhntî e`gkujuîs pfr pfr cms prnx prîbîrmgtnmhs mt jîgîrfhmamgt jîgîrfhmamgt e`apîtntnbs cm t`utms hms pr`vmgfgems pr`vmgfgems mt é t`utms hms cmstngftn`gs.

*JMGAF_ cnsp`sm c„ug rîsmfu rîsmfu c„fjmgems fssmz fssmz hfrjm, mg mbbmt mhhm f `uvmrt ; 

]gm Fjmgem é Onzmrtm Onzmrtm

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]gm Fjmgem é U`ussm

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]gm Fjmgem é Ubfx

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]gm Fjmgem é Jfoms

 

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]gm Fjmgem é Udlnrf

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]gm Fjmgem é [frzns

x Bnjurm66 ; Hms p`rts cm prîsmgem cm Jmgafr Hms Umrvnems rmgcus pfr JMGAF_ s`gt auhtnphms cfgs hm c`afngm cms h`jnstnqums tmhhms qum ; 

Hm Cîc`ufgmamgt (Nap`rt / Mxp`rt).

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Hf E`gsnjgftn`g cm gfvnrm.

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H„Fbbrìtmamgt cm gfvnrm.

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H„Mgtrmpót s`us C`ufgm mg sus cm h„map`tfjm mt cm cîp`tfjm. cîp`tfjm.  Hm Uunvn c„mxpîcntn`g cms aftnìrms cfgjmrmusms cfgjmrmusms..

 

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Hm Srfgsp`rt afrntnam, fîrnmg mt mt tmrrmstrm cms afrelfgcnsms afrelfgcnsms mt qumhqum s`nt s`nt hf cmstngftn`g cmstngftn`g `u mg pr`vmgfgem cm t`us hnmux.

Bnjurm 6? ; Unìjm s`enfh cm JMGAF_ 

 

Bnjurm 65 ;Emrtnbneft

 

NN-@rjfgnjrfaam cm JMGAF_ ; N . 

@ _JFGNJ_FAAÎ   C Î  JÎ GA F_

6 - @ _JFGNJ_FAAΠ JÎ JÎ GÎ GÎ _FH  

? - C N_ÎESN@G   F CANGNUS_FSNRΠ Î S   B NGFGENÎ NGFGENÎ _Î  

 

 

5 - C NRNUN@G  C Î   H „ Î\YH@NSFSN@G  

 

emrtfngmamgt fu hmetmur cm em rfpp`rt rfpp`rt cm rmafrqumr qum Emt `rjfgnjrfaam pmramt emrtfngmamgt JMGAF_ fpphnqum ugm jmstn`g jmstn`g mt ugm j`uvmrgfgem j`uvmrgfgem mxemptn`ggm mxemptn`ggmhhm hhm e`apfrftnvmamgt é sms e`geurrmgts sur hf phfem.

 

NNN-Hms cnbbîrmgts cnbbîrmgts smrvnems cm JMGAF_ ; Hf jfaam e`aphìtm cm smrvnems qu„mhhm `bbrm f bfnt c„mhhm h„ugm cms fjmgems hms phus  pmrb`rafgtms cu smetmur smetmur afrntnam mg Sug Sugnsnm. nsnm. Mhhm mst c`tîm c„ngbrfstrueturms c„ngbrfstrueturms a`cmrg a`cmrgms, ms, fgnaîms pfr cms îqunpms cygfanqums mt mxpîrnamgtîs mt rmhnîm é h„îtrfgjmr pfr cms e`rrmsp`gcfgts cm prmanmr `rcrm.

6) Umrvnem Afgfjmamgt / Vufhntî ; E`gsnstm é jfrfgtnr qum t`utms hms fetn`gs s`nmgt e`gb`rams fux mxnjmgems cms ehnmgts mt fux mxnjmgems cm hf g`ram NU@ ngtmrgftn`gfhm mg hmurs `bbrfgts hms amnhhmurms e`gcntn`gs cm trfgsp`rt. Em smrvnem mst tmgu cm ; •Amttrm mg phfem hm systìam afgfjmamgt afgfjmamgt qufhntî, •Cîbngnr hms pr`eîcurms cm trfvfnh, •Fgfhysmr hms trfntmamgts mt sunvrm hms g`g-e`gb`rantîs, •Mt c„fgnamr hms jr`upms é hf rîs`hutn`g cms pr`ohìams mt bfnrm hm pnh`tfjm.

?) Umrvnem e`aamrenfh ; Nh cygfansm t`utm s`enîtî cm trfgsp`rt afrntnam jrïem fux oîgîbnems nap`rtfgt qu„nh fpp`rtm mt qun s`gt cus é ugm amnhhmurm jmstn`g cms `pîrftn`gs e`aamrenfhms mt ugm fttmgtn`g e`gtngum é sftnsbfnrm hms ehnmgts (rfpncntî, mbbnefentî mt prnx phus e`apîtntnbs).Uf anssn`g prngenpfhm mst c„fssurmr ug v`huam nap`rtfgt mg nap`rt mt mg mxp`rt mt c„`ptnansmr hm rmaphnssfjm cms gfvnrms. - Fu smng cm em smrvnem cms tïelms nap`rtfgtms s`gt rîfhnsîms ; •Yr`spmetmr cm g`uvmfux ehnmgts é trfvmrs hms pfjms kfugms, h„FYN (Fjmgem cm Yr`a`tn`g cm h„Ngcustrnm) mt hms e`gtfetmr fbng cm hmur prîsmgtmr hm smrvnem mt cm sfv`nr s„nhs s„ngtîrmssmgt fux smrvnems mbbmetuîs pfr hf s`enîtî h`rs cms `pîrftn`gs c„nap`rt mt c„mxp`rt. •Hf rîemptn`g cm hf cmafgcm cm e`tftn`g cu ehnmgt

 

•Mgsuntm, nh y f hnmu c„ugm gîj`enftn`g fvme h„mxpîcntmur fbng cm bnxmr hm a`gtfgt cu tfrnb, t`utm mg rmspmetfgt hm angnaua cm « Juncm hngm ´ cm h„fraftmur •]gm `bbrm cm prnx smrf trfgsansm fu ehnmgt.

5) Umrvnem bfeturftn`g ; Hms tïelms rîfhnsîms pfr h„fjmgt cm bfeturftn`g s`gt cîerntms pfr h„mgelfçgmamgt sunvfgt ; 

Mtfohnr hms bfeturms fvns (fvns c„frrnvîm) mt h„mgv`ymr fu ehnmgt, ugm b`ns hm gfvnrm frrnvî, mg efs c„nap`rt mt p`ur h„mxp`rt 4 ug fvns c„maofrqumamgt smrf fcrmssî fux ehnmgts ugm b`ns qum hmurs e`gtmgmurs maofrquîs sur hm gfvnrm.

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H„fjmgt cm bfeturftn`g c`nt ehfssmr hms fvns cfgs hm c`ssnmr ehnmgt.

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Mt mgbng, trfgsamttrm hm c`ssnmr fu smrvnem tnaorfjm.

3) Umrvnem mxph`ntftn`g mt h`jnstnqum ; F pfrtnr cm em smrvnem, hm rmsp`gsfohm mxph`ntftn`g mt h`jnstnqum c`nt fssurmr hm sunvn cu cîr`uhmamgt cm trfgsfetn`g cu trfgsp`rt afrntnam (e`aphmt mt jr`upfjm).Em smrvnem mst tmgu cm; •Uunvrm hms e`gtmgmurs sur hm systìam mt ngb`ramr hm ehnmgt cm hf p`sntn`g cm s`g e`gtmgmur •_îemptn`g cm efrj` afgnbmstm, brmnjlt afgnbmstm mt e`pnm cu e`ggfnssmamgt cm hf pfrt cm h„fraftmur. Uunvfgt hms qumhhms, nh prîpfrm hms c`ssnmrs. •Uunvrm hms rma`rqums mgc`aafjîs mt îtfohnr hms bfeturms surmstfrnms smh`g hf brfgelnsm c`ggîm cm hf pfrt cm h„fraftmur •H„`uvmrturm mt cu sunvn cms c`ssnmrs e`aamrenfux (o``dngj,mxp`rt (o``dngj,mxp`rt & nap`rt)). •E`gtfetmr hms ehnmgts mt hms ngb`ramr cm hf cftm cm cîpfrt cu gfvnrm. •Fssurmr hf trfgsanssn`g trfgsanssn`g cms ansms é qufn (AFV). •Ngb`ramr h„fraftmur cms cîtfnhs e`gemrgfgt hf afrelfgcnsm. •Yrîpfrftn`g cm stftn`ggmamgt cms e`gtmgmurs fu p`rt .

=) Umrvnem jr`upfjm; E`ggfntrm hf cnbbîrmgem cnbbîrmgem mgtrm e`aphmt mt jr`upfjm. 

E`aphmt ; snjgnbnm ugm rma`rqum e`gtnmgt hf afrelfgcnsm c„ug smuh ehnmgt.

 

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Jr`upfjm  ; snjgnbnm ugm smuhm rma`rqum mst cmstngîm é phusnmurs ehnmgts, elfqum ehnmgt f ug v`huam cm afrelfgcnsm bfnohm. Hm « jr`upfjm ´e`gsnstfgt é rîugnr mg ug h`t ugnqum cm pr`vmgfgem cm  phusnmurs mxpîcntmurs mxpîcntmurs `u é h„fcrmssm cm phusnmurs cm cmstngftfnrms stngftfnrms fbng cm rîcunrm rîcunrm hms e`ôts mt `ptnansmr hm rmaphnssfjm. Hf tmelgnqum cu jr`upmamgt cm afrelfgcnsms c`nt tmgnr e`aptm cm emrtfngs îhîamgts gîemssfnrms tmhs qum ;

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Hm p`ncs cm afrelfgcnsms

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Hm v`huam (cnamgsn`g mg a5)

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Hf cmstngftn`g

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Hf gfturm cm afrelfgcnsm (ngbhfaafohm `u g`g)

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Ehfssm cms afrelfgcnsms cfgjmrmusms

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 Gfturm c„maofhhfjm c„maofhhfjm

2) Umrvnem trfgsnt ; Nhyf cmux prngenpfux typms cm trfgsnt ; f)trfgsnt gfvnrm ;  Hm rmsp`gsfohm trfgsnt gfvnrm mst fppmhî é ; 

Mgrmjnstrmr hms cîtfnhs cm trfgsnt (cmstngftfnrm, afrelfgcnsm afrelfgcnsms, s, g`aorm cm e`hns mt p`ncs) sur hm systìam UNGCF mt naprnamr cms afgnbmstms.

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Hf cîp`sntn`g cms afgnbmstms nap`rts fux ourmfux cm hf c`ufgm fvme e`pnm cm e`ggfnssmamgt,

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H„îtfohnssmamgtt cm hf cîehfrftn`g ]E, H„îtfohnssmamg

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H„fbbmetftn`g é hf c`ufgm mt h„îtfohnssmamgt cu OFM.

o) trfgsnt jr`upfjm ;  Hm rmsp`gsfohm trfgsnt jr`upfjm c`nt mbbmetumr hms `pîrftn`gs sunvfgtms ; 

Mgrmjnstrmr hms cîtfnhs cu e`ggfnssmamgt sur hm systìam UNGCF mt naprnamr ugm ugntî cm elfrjm (]E) `u (SC)

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Cîp`sntn`g c„ugm e`pnm cm e`ggfnssmamgt, efrj` afgnbmstm é hf c`ufgm

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Fbbmetftn`g cm hf cîehfrftn`g fprìs e`gtróhm cm hf pfrt cu elmb cm hf c`ufgm mt h„îtfohnssmamgt cu OFM.

 

:) Umrvnem slnppngj ; (smrvnem `pîrftn`ggmh) ; E„mst hm smrvnem hm phus nap`rtfgt mt qun rmprîsmgtm hm eŕur cm t`utm mgtrmprnsm cm trfgsp`rt afrntnam punsqu„nh ngbhum cnrmetmamgt sur sf pmrb`rafgem. Mg jîgîrfh, nh s„fjnt c„ugm fssnstfgem mgtrm hm smrvnem h`jnstnqum mt hm e`aafgcfg e`aafgcfgtt cm o`rc cm h„fraftmur. Nh mst é snjgfhmr qum h„îqunpm elfrjîm cu slnppngj mst tmgum c„mbbmetumr ug mgsmaohm cm tfelms nap`rtfgtms mt ngcnspmgsfohms é sfv`nr ; 

_îsmrvftn`g c„ug mspfem fu gnvmfu cu p`rt p`ur hm elfrjmamgt mt hm cîelfrjmamgt cms rma`rqums.

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Fvnsmr hms fut`rntîs p`rtufnrms (@AAY, USFA, p`hnem)

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Fssnstmr fux rîugn`gs cm hf c`ufgm cu p`rt (é 66l mt é 62l).

%

>%

CMU U   C@AAFJMU BNJ]_M 63;E HFUUNBNEFSN@G  CM

C„fprìs hm tfohmfu ? mt hf bnjurm 6, g`us e`gstft`gs qum 5? % cms c`aafjms survmgus fux sman-rma`rqums s`gt emhhms cm cîelnrurms cms  oïelms, c„fprìs c„fprìs hms pmrs`ggmhs pmrs`ggmhs cm Jmgafr Jmgafr hms v`hmurs cîelnrmgt hms  oïelms p`ur e`ggfntrm e`ggfntrm hf gfturm cm cm hf afrelfgcnsm afrelfgcnsm é bng cm hms v`hmr. v`hmr.  ?2 % cms c`aafjms s`gt cms pfhmttms, efrt`gs vncms mt cîelnrîms, qun s`gt v`hîs. Yfr hf suntm 6< % cms fvfrnms s`gt e`gstftîs, e`gstftîs, s`gt s`nt cms oîqunhhms oîqunhhms t`rcums h`rs cm h„`pîrftn`g h„`pîrftn`g c„mghìvmamgt c„mghìvmamgt cm hf rma`rqum mt cms t`nts cîelnrîs.

NN.

hnmu cm c`aafjm ;

 

p ` u

M bb  me tnb 

hnmu cm c`aafj m Y`rt cm _fcms Y`rt cm Hf j`uhmttm

6 6 ? 5 5 3

S`tfh

re m g t f j m 5 ? % 2 < % 6 9 9 %

NM ]   CM   C@AAFJM S FOHMF]  5  5;; H NM]

Hnmu cm c`aafjm 5?%

Y`rt cm _fcms Y`rt cm Hf j`uhmm

2>9 ,63. -Cncnmr Ourj ;88_`mrcfa hm p`rt fu t`p p`ur sms ngrfstrueturms77,hm ngrfstrueturms77,hm k`urgfh cm hf afrngm afrelfgcm ,g ;33,6?. -Lmrvî Cmnss ;88Er`nssfgem cu :% cms trfbes77,hm k`urgfh cm hf afrngm afrelfgcm,g ;3,<

-Rn`hfgm Ornssfrt ;88Smran

 

Fgmxms