Memo+for+May+June+2013 (1)

Memo for May/June 2013 Done by Ashton Ruiters according to Biology 8 th edition Question 1 1.1

E

1.2

E

1.3

D

1.4

E

1.5

A

1.6

D

1.7

D

1.8

D

1.9

A

1.10

D

Question 2 2.1 Monocots Embryo One cotyledon Leaf venation Veins usually parallel Stems Vascular tissue scattered Roots Root system usually fibrous (no main root) Pollen Pollen grain with one opening Flowers Floral organs usually in multiples of three

Dicots Two cotyledons Veins usually netlike Vascular tissue usually arranged in a ring Tap root (main root) usually present Pollen grain with three openings Floral organs usually in multiples of four or five

2.2 Prop roots: support tall, top heavy plants. Storage roots: store food and water. Buttress roots: support tall trees Pneumatophores: project above water to obtain oxygen.

Strangler aerial roots: wrap around host tree to support plant. Question 3

Question 4 1. Alternation of generations 2. Walled spores produced in sporangia 3. Multicellular gametangia 4. Multicellular dependant embryos 5. Apical meristems Question 5 5.1

A radial animal. such as a sea anemone, does not have a left side and a right side. Any imaginary

slice through the central axis divides the animal into mirror images.

5.2

A bilateral animal. such as a lobster, has a left side and a right side. Only one imaginary cut

divides the animal into mirror image halves. Question 6 6.1

Androgens Estrogens Progestins

6.2 (Adrenal medulla)

Epinephrine Norepinephrine

(Adrenal cortex)

Glucocorticoids Mineralocorticoids

6.3

Growth hormone (GH) Prolactin (PRL) Follicle-stimulating hormone(FSH) Luteinizing hormone (LH) Thyroid-stimulating hormone (THS) Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)

6.4

Melatonin

Question 7 Thermoregulation depends on an animal's ability to control the exchange of heat with its environment. Any organism, like any object, exchanges heat by four physical processes: conduction, convection, radiation, and evaporation. Conduction is the direct transfer of thermal motion (heat) between molecules of objects in direct contact with each other, as when a lizard sits on a hot rock. Convection is the transfer of heat by the movement of air or liquid past a surface. as when a breeze contributes to heat loss from a lizard's dry skin, or blood moves heat from the body core t o the extremities. Radiation is the emission of electromagnetic rays by all obje cts warmer than absolute zero. Radiation can transfer heat between objects that are not in direct contact, as when a lizard absorbs heat radiating from the sun.

Evaporation is the removal of heat from the surface of a liquid that is losing some of its molecules as gas. Evaporation of water from a lizards moist surfaces t hat are exposed to the environment has a strong cooling effect. Question 8 An antigen is a macromolecule that e licits an immune response by binding to receptors of B cells or T cells. And an antibody is a protein secrete d by plasma cells (differentiated Bcells) that binds to a particular antigen; also called immunoglobulin. All antibody molecules haw the same Y-shaped structure and in their monomer form consist of two identical heavy chains and two identical light chains. Question 9 9.1

regulates the K+ and NaG concentration of body fluids

9.2

carries the filtrate through the medulla to the renal pelvis

9.3

Conveys and help refine filtrate

9.4

re-absorption of water

9.5

movement of Nacl out of the filtrate