MELCs in Earth and Life Science

 

Vcpufe`i kj tdc _d`e`pp`gcs

Mcpbrtlcgt kj Cmuibt`kg VCN@KG Z@ ’ ^CY]CVG Z@YBPBY YIDKKEY M@Z@Y@KG KJ VKTBY I@]P IESY]CV 0 MSLKEKN GB]@KGBE D@ND YIDKKE 

LKY] CYYCG]@BE ECBVG@GN IKL_C]CGI@CY IKL_C]CGI@CY (LCEIs) @G CBV]D BGM E@JC YI@CGIC Nrbmc1 22/26 Nrbmc1  22/26 Yclcstcr1 2 Yclcstcr1  2 Ikrc Yufacit ]`tec1 Cbrtd ]`tec1 Cbrtd bgm E`jc Yi`cgic Gk. kj Dkurs1 4? Dkurs1 4? dkurs (6? ^cchs) Ikrc Yufacit Mcsir`pt`kg Mcsir`pt`kg11 ]d`s ecbrg`gn brcb `s mcs`ngcm tk prkv`mc b ncgcrbe fbihnrkugm jkr tdc ugmcrstbgm`gn kj Cbrtd Yi`cgic bgm F`kekny. @t prcscgts tdc d`stkry kj tdc Cbrtd tdrkund nckekn nckekn`i `i t`lc. @t m`siusscs tdc Cbrtd‐s struiturc, iklpks`t`kg, bgm prkicsscs. @ssucs, ikgicrgs, bgm prkfecls pcrtb`g`gn tk gbturbe dbzbrms brc besk `gieumcm. @t besk mcbes w`td tdc fbs`i pr`gi`pecs bgm prkicsscs `g tdc stumy kj f`kekny. @t ikvcrs e`jc prkicsscs bgm `gtcrbit`kgs bt tdc iceeuebr, krnbg`sl, pkpuebt`kg, bgm ciksystcl ecvces. Rubrtcr  Rubrtc r 

2st Rubrtcr 

Ikgtcgt Ytbgmbrm ]dc ecbrgcrs mclkgstrbtc ugmcrstbgm`gn  kj... 2. tdc jkrlbt`kg kj tdc ug`vcrsc bgm tdc skebr systcl 6. tdc sufsystcls (nckspdcrc, (nckspdcrc, dymrkspdcrc, btlkspdcrc, bgm f`kspdcrc) tdbt lbhc up tdc Cbrtd 9. tdc Cbrtd‐s `gtcrg `gtcrgbe be struiturc

_crjkrlbgic Ytbgmbrm

Lk Lkst st Css Csscg cgt` t`be be Ecb Ecbrg rg`g `gn n Ik Iklp lpct ctcg cgi` i`cs cs

Murb Murbt` t`kg kg

]dc ecbrgcrs sdkuem fc bfec tk… Ikgmuit b survcy tk bsscss tdc pkss`fec nckekn`i/ dymrklctckrkekn`ibe dymrklctck rkekn`ibe dbzbrms tdbt ykur ikllug`ty lby cxpcr`cgic.

2. tdc tdrcc lb`g ibtc ibtcnkr`cs nkr`cs kj rkihs 6. tdc kr`n`g bgm cgv`rkglcgt cgv`rkglcgt kj jkrlbt`kg kj ikllkg l`gcrbes bgm rkihs

Bmmrcss1 Frny. Mulkekn, Vkxbs I`ty 34?? ]ce/Jbx Gk.1 (?9:) :62246= c-lb`e1 mgds20>4Onlb`e.ikl |Jbicfkkh _bnc1 OmcpCm]bykMGDY

Vcikng`zc tdc ug`qucgcss kj Cbrtd, fc`gn tdc kgey pebgct `g tdc skebr systcl w`td prkpcrt`cs gcicssbry tk suppkrt e`jc.

^cch 2

Cxpeb`g tdbt tdc Cbrtd ikgs`sts kj jkur sufsystcls, birkss wdksc fkugmbr`cs lbttcr bgm cgcrny jekw.

^cch 2

@mcgt`jy ikllkg rkih-jkrl`gn l`gcrbes us`gn tdc`r pdys`ibe bgm idcl`ibe prkpcrt`cs. Iebss`jy rkihs `gtk `ngckus, scm`lcgtbry, bgm lctblkrpd`i

^cch 2 ^cch 6

 

Vcpufe`i kj tdc _d`e`pp`gcs

Mcpbrtlcgt kj Cmuibt`kg VCN@KG Z@ ’ ^CY]CVG Z@YBPBY YIDKKEY M@Z@Y@KG KJ VKTBY I@]P IESY]CV 0 MSLKEKN GB]@KGBE D@ND YIDKKE 

9. nckekn`i prkicsscs prkicsscs tdbt kiiur kg tdc surjbic kj tdc Cbrtd suid bs wcbtdcr`gn, crks`kg, lbss wbst`gn, bgm scm`lcgtbt`kg =. (`gieumc tdc rkec kj kicbg fbs`gs `g tdc jkrlbt`kg kj scm`lcgtbry scm`lcgtbry rkihs) 3. nckekn`i prkicssc prkicsscs s tdbt kiiur w`td`g tdc Cbrtd :. tdc jkem`gn bgm jb jbuet`gn uet`gn kj rkihs >. pebtc tcitk tcitkg`is g`is 4. dkw tdc pebgct Cbrtd cvkevcm `g tdc ebst =.: f`ee`kg ycbrs (`gieum`gn tdc bnc kj tdc Cbrtd, lbakr nckekn`i t`lc sufm`v`s`kgs, bgm lbrhcr jkss`es).

2. tdc m`jjcrcgt dbzbrms ibuscm fy Bmmrcss1 Frny. Mulkekn, Vkxbs I`ty 34?? ]ce/Jbx Gk.1 (?9:) :62246= c-lb`e1 mgds20>4Onlb`e.ikl |Jbicfkkh _bnc1 OmcpCm]bykMGDY

cxpeb`g dkw tdc prkmuits kj wcbtdcr`gn brc ibrr`cm bwby fy crks`kg bgm mcpks`tcm cescwdcrc Mcsir`fc wdcrc tdc Cbrtd‐s `gtcrgbe dcbt iklcs jrkl. mcsir`fc dkw lbnlb `s jkrlcm (lbnlbt`sl) Mcsir`fc tdc pdys`ibe bgm idcl`ibe idbgncs `g rkihs muc tk idbgncs `g prcssurc bgm tclpcrbturc (lctblkrpd`sl)

^cch 6

iklpbrc bgm ikgtrbst tdc jkrlbt`kg kj tdc m`jjcrcgt typcs kj `ngckus rkihs Cxpeb`g dkw tdc lkvclcgt kj pebtcs ecbms tk tdc jkrlbt`kg kj jkems bgm jbuets Mcsir`fc dkw ebycrs kj rkihs (strbt`j`cm rkihs) brc jkrlcm Mcsir`fc tdc m`jjcrcgt lctdkms (rcebt`vc bgm bfskeutc mbt`gn) tk mctcrl`gc tdc bnc kj  strbt`j`cm rkihs

^cch =

Cxpeb`g dkw rcebt`vc bgm bfskeutc mbt`gn wcrc uscm tk mctcrl`gc tdc sufm`v`s`kgs kj nckekn`i t`lc Mcsir`fc dkw tdc Cbrtd‐s d`stkry ibg fc `gtcrprctcm jrkl tdc nckekn`i t`lc sibec

^cch :

Mcsir`fc tdc vbr`kus dbzbrms tdbt lby dbppcg `g

^cch :

^cch 9 ^cch 9 ^cch =

^cch 3 ^cch 3 ^cch 3

^cch :

 

Vcpufe`i kj tdc _d`e`pp`gcs

Mcpbrtlcgt kj Cmuibt`kg VCN@KG Z@ ’ ^CY]CVG Z@YBPBY YIDKKEY M@Z@Y@KG KJ VKTBY I@]P IESY]CV 0 MSLKEKN GB]@KGBE D@ND YIDKKE 

9. tdc m`jjcrcgt d dbzbrms bzbrms ibuscm fy ikbstbe

tdc cvcgt kj cbrtdqubhcs, vkeibg`i crupt`kgs, bgm ebgmse`mcs Ss`gn dbzbrm lbps, `mcgt`jy brcbs prkgc tk dbzbrms frkundt bfkut fy cbrtdqubhcs, vkeibg`i crupt`kgs, bgm ebgmse`mcs @mcgt`jy dulbg bit`v`t`cs tdbt spccm up kr  tr`nncr ebgmse`mcs Ss`gn dbzbrm lbps, `mcgt`jy brcbs prkgc tk dbzbrms frkundt bfkut fy trkp`ibe iyiekgcs,

prkicsscs (wbvcs, t`mcs, scb-ecvce idbgncs, irustbe lkvclcgt, bgm stkrl surncs)

lkgskkgs, jekkms, kr `pk-`pk Mcsir`fc dkw ikbstbe prkicsscs rcsuet `g ikbstbe crks`kg, suflcrs`kg, bgm sbetwbtcr `gtrus`kg

nckekn`ibe prkicsscs (cbrtdqubhcs, nckekn`ibe vkeibg`i crupt`kgs, bgm ebgmse`mcs) 6. tdc m`jjcrcgt d dbzbrms bzbrms ibuscm fy dymrklctckrkekn`ibe pdcgklcgb (trkp`ibe iyiekgcs, lkgskkgs, jekkms, bgm tkrgbmkcs kr `pk-`pk)

Rubrtcr 6gm Rubrtcr

2. tdc d`st d`stkr`ib kr`ibee mcvce mcvcekpl kplcgt cgt kj ttdc dc ikgicpt kj e`jc 6. tdc kr`n`g kj td tdc c j`rst e`jc jkrls ug`jy`gn tdclcs `g tdc stumy kj e`jc

vbeuc e`jc fy tbh`gn nkkm ibrc kj bee fc`gns, dulbgs, pebgts, bgm bg`lbes

Bmmrcss1 Frny. Mulkekn, Vkxbs I`ty 34?? ]ce/Jbx Gk.1 (?9:) :62246= c-lb`e1 mgds20>4Onlb`e.ikl |Jbicfkkh _bnc1 OmcpCm]bykMGDY

^cch >

^cch > ^cch 4

^cch 4

i`tc wbys tk prcvcgt kr l`t`nbtc tdc `lpbit kj ^cch 4 ebgm mcvcekplcgt, wbstc m`spksbe, bgm ikgstruit`kg kj struiturcs kg ikgtrke ikbstbe prkicsscs Cxpeb`g tdc cvkev`gn ikgicpt kj e`jc fbscm kg ^cch 2-6 clcrn`gn p`cics kj cv`mcgic Mcsir`fc dkw ug`jy`gn tdclcs (c.n., struiturc bgm jugit`kg, cvkeut`kg, bgm ciksystcls) `g tdc stumy kj e`jc sdkw tdc ikggcit`kgs blkgn e`v`gn td`gns ^cch 6 bgm dkw tdcy `gtcrbit w`td cbid ktdcr bgm w`td tdc`r cgv`rkglcgt

 

Vcpufe`i kj tdc _d`e`pp`gcs

Mcpbrtlcgt kj Cmuibt`kg VCN@KG Z@ ’ ^CY]CVG Z@YBPBY YIDKKEY M@Z@Y@KG KJ VKTBY I@]P IESY]CV 0 MSLKEKN GB]@KGBE D@ND YIDKKE 

2. pebgt bgm bg`lbe rcprkmu rcprkmuit`kg it`kg 6. dkw ncgc ncgcs s wkrh dkw ncgct`i cgn`gccr`gn `s uscm tk prkmuic gkvce prkmuits 2. gutr`t`kg1 n nctt`gn ctt`gn jkkm jkkm tk icees icees 6. nbs cxidbg cxidbgnc nc w`td td tdc c cgv`rkgl cgv`rkglcgt cgt 9. i`riuebt`kg1 tdc `gtcrg `gtcrgbe be trbgspkrt trbgspkrt systcl

ikgmuit b survcy kj prkmuits ikgtb`g`gn sufstbgics sufstbgics tdbt ibg tr`nncr ncgct`i m`skrmcrs suid bs pdcgyehctkgur`b

lbhc b prcscgtbt`kg kj sklc m`scbscs Mcsir`fc tdc ncgcrbe bgm ug`quc idbrbitcr`st`is tdbt brc bsski`btcm w`td tdc vbr`kus kj tdc m`jjcrcgt krnbg systcls krnbg systcls `g rcprcscgtbt`vc bg`lbes

=. sbet tdc g gccm ccmwbtcr jkr jkr dklckstbs`s dklck stbs`s 3. bgm fbebgic fbebgic bgm wbstc rclkvbe :. tdc `llug `llugc c systcl1 mc mcjcgsc jcgsc jrkl m`scbsc >. dkw dkrlk dkrlkgcs gcs nkvcrg nkvcrg fkmy bit`v`t` bit`v`t`cs cs 4. tdc gcrvkus systc systcl l tdc fkmy `g l lkt`kg kt`kg Mcs`ng b pkstcr trbi`gn tdc 2. tdc cv`mcgi cv`mcgic c jkr cvkeut`kg td tdc c kr`n`g bgm cxt`git`kg kj spci`cs cvkeut`kgbry idbgncs `g b irkp pebgt (c.n., r`ic kr ikrg) tdbt kiiurrcm tdrkund mklcst`ibt`kg

2. tdc tdc p pr` r`gi gi`p `pec ecs sk kjj td tdc cc cik iksy syst stcl cl

Mcsir`fc tdc m`jjcrcgt wbys kj dkw rcprcscgtbt`vc bg`lbes rcprkmuic Mcsir`fc tdc prkicss kj ncgct`i cgn`gcc cgn`gccr`gn r`gn Cvbeubtc tdc fcgcj`ts bgm r`shs kj us`gn NLKs

prcp prcpbr brc cb bg gb bit it`k `kg g peb pebg gi ikg kgtb tb`g `g`g `gn n

Bmmrcss1 Frny. Mulkekn, Vkxbs I`ty 34?? ]ce/Jbx Gk.1 (?9:) :62246= c-lb`e1 mgds20>4Onlb`e.ikl |Jbicfkkh _bnc1 OmcpCm]bykMGDY

 Bgbeyzc bgm bpprci`btc tdc jugit`kgb jugit`kgbee rcebt`kgsd`ps rcebt`kgsd`p s kj tdc m`jjcrcgt krnbg systcls `g cgsur`gn bg`lbe surv`vbe Cxpeb`g dkw pkpuebt`kgs kj krnbg`sls dbvc idbgncm bgm ikgt`guc tk idbgnc kvcr t`lc sdkw`gn pbttcrgs kj mcsicgt w`td lkm`j`ibt`kg jrkl ikllkg bgicstkrs tk prkmuic tdc krnbg`slbe m`vcrs`ty kfscrvcm tkmby Mcsir`fc dkw tdc prcscgt systcl kj  iebss`j`ibt`kg kj krnbg`sls `s fbscm kg cvkeut`kgbry cvkeut`kgb ry rcebt`kgsd`ps

^cch 9 ^cch = ^cch =

^cch 3

^cch 3

^cch :

^cch :

 

Vcpufe`i kj tdc _d`e`pp`gcs

Mcpbrtlcgt kj Cmuibt`kg VCN@KG Z@ ’ ^CY]CVG Z@YBPBY YIDKKEY M@Z@Y@KG KJ VKTBY I@]P IESY]CV 0 MSLKEKN GB]@KGBE D@ND YIDKKE 

6. f`kt`i f`kt`i pktcgt`be pktcgt`be bgm cgv`rkglcgtbe cgv`rkglc gtbe rcs`stbgic 9. tcrrcstr`be bgm b bqubt`i qubt`i c ciksystcls iksystcls dkw dulbg bit`v`t`cs bjjcit tdc gbturbe ciksystcl

l`t`nbt`kg lcbsurcs tk bmmrcss iurrcgt cgv`rkglcgtbe ikgicrgs bgm idbeecgncs `g tdc ikllug`ty

Bmmrcss1 Frny. Mulkekn, Vkxbs I`ty 34?? ]ce/Jbx Gk.1 (?9:) :62246= c-lb`e1 mgds20>4Onlb`e.ikl |Jbicfkkh _bnc1 OmcpCm]bykMGDY

Ibtcnkr`zc tdc m`jjcrcgt f`kt`i pktcgt`be bgm cgv`rkglcgtbe cgv`rkglcg tbe rcs`stbgic (c.n., m`scbscs, bvb`ebf`e`ty kj jkkm, bgm prcmbtkrs) tdbt bjjcit pkpuebt`kg cxpeks`kg

^cch >