Medicine in Ancient Erin
Short Description
Medicine in Antient Erin An Historical Sketch FROM Celtic to Mediaeval Times...
Description
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Britania, Hibernia and Scotia From a fragment
of
an Antient Map of the World drawn in the XIII century
SECTIONAL INDEX Medicine
in
Antient Erin
9
Medical
Knowledge,
Laws and Regulations in the Celtic Period
22
Medical Education in
Times
Celtic
27
Disease in Celtic
Times
33
Medical
and Surgical Treatment in Celtic
Times
41
Antient Irish
Medical
Manuscripts
The
49
St. Patrick
59
The Shamrock
61
Bell ci «t. Patrick
Historical
Medical
Equipments Tabloid
69
'
Medical
Equipments Formulary B.
W. &
Co.
105
Products '
Soloid
85
of
'
Brand
135
Products Tabloid
'
Brand
143
Products
Wellcome
'
Brand Products
187
^rcsln^tc^
to
3Ibe ICtbraru of the
Pxttliersitu
of 3Ioronto hg
The Estate of the late Professor C.T. Currelly
Medicine
Antient
in
Erin
An Historical Sketch FROM
Celtic to Mediaeval Times
LECTURE MEMORANDA Canadian Medical Association vv Winnipeg
1909
BURROUGHS WELLCOME & CO. London Branches:
NEW YORK
(Eng.)
SYDNEY Shanghai
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AND
CoRiSTiNE Building St. Nkjholas and St. Paul Sts., MONTREAL 101-104,
Cn. 80
Al.l.
KK.HIS
i;Esi;uvhl)
679705
'
Analysis Cases, Antidote Case,
Soloid
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Brand
...
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Tabloid Brand ... Aiitient Erin, Medicine in ... ... Antient Irish Medical Manuscripts
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loi
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41 187 10
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9
his rank
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23 42 22
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Chemicals, Wellcome ... Celtic .Esculapius '
Anatomy
Soloid' Brand '
Brand
...
Colonisers of
Leech and Midwifery
I"!rin
Period, Aledical
Knowledge and Regulations
Physician's diagnosis ... Physicians, The learning of ... Relieving Officer
...
in the
...
...
...
...
...
...
22
...
...
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25
Army Surgeon
Diseases, Celtic Names of Diseases in Celtic Times
'
'
ICiixoid
Ernulin
'
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Fees, Laws regulating ... Fees, Scale of...
17
92 lO
43
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11
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35 33
11
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9 22
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51
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113
23 24
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of
20 107
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Knowledge
... ... ...
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no
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"Fer-bolg" 'Tabloid' Brand Formulary of B. W. & Co. Products
First- Aid,
42 42
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Hypnotism
Products Products
41
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... Earliest Celtic Physicians ... Early ('eltic Eeeclies... Early Irish Physicians, Classical
'
18
45 43
...
... ... Doctors poison their enemies' wounds Dressings, Pleated Compressed, 'Tabloid' Brand
in
21
...
I'orridge
Diancecht's Skill as an
15
...
... ... ... ... ... ... Surgery ... ... ... ... ... Sweating-house ... ... ... ... Times, Cupping in ... ... Times, Medical and Surgical Treatment in Times, Treatment of Wounds and fractures in ... in ... ... ... Times, Trepanning practised " " Crimson ... ... ... Branch, The House of the Chests and 'Tabloid' Brand Ca.ses, Cycle, Carriage, etc.. ... ... ... ... ... Diancecht a Uruid ... " " Diancecht's ... ... ... ... ...
Druids skilled
99 99 9 49
...
Bacteriological Case, Baths, Medicated
Celtic Celtic Celtic Celtic Celtic Celtic Celtic Celtic Celtic Celtic Celtic Celtic Celtic Celtic
...
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21
102 105
PAGE
" Furious Death " The
37 113 22
'
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Hazeline Preparations Healing Art in Ireland, Antiquity of the '' " ... Healing Stones Hereditary Physicians in India Hereditary Physicians in Scotland ...
...
45
Hereditary Phy.sicians, The Books of the Historical Medical Equipments
...
51
69 46
Hospitals, Early
Hypodermic Apparatus Hypodermic Pocket-Cases, Tabloid Brand Hypodermic Products, 'Tabloid" Brand ...
114 85
'
120
'
'
'
Kepler Leprosy
"5
Products
in Ireland
40
...
"Les"
21
MacAnlega, The Book of Magic and Charms ... Magic Bath of Healing
55 57
...
15
Medical Apprentices... Medicine in Antient Erin Medicine Pocket-Cases, Tabloid Nuada's Silver Hand '
27 "
9 89
Brand
13
OTIickeys, The Book of the O'Lees, The Book of Ophthalmic Pocket-Cases, Tabloid Brand Ophthalmic Products, Soloid Brand Ophthalmic Products, 'Tabloid' Brand ...
The Book
of the
'
'
St.'Patrick Sanitary Towels, Pleated Compressed,
Wellcome
'
Brand Brand Products Enule Brand .Suppositories, Tabloid Brand Products ... 'Tabloid' Medical Equipments '
"
Soloid
'
'
.
.
127 37
.
39 55 21
59 '
Tabloid
Brand
131
132 135. Ill
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The Shamrock Toothache, Celtic charm for Trosdale, a famous Druid ... Unqualified Practice... ' Valoid Brand Products ' Valule Brand Products ' Vaporole Brand Products Wellcome Brand Products '
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'
53 126
...
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125 123
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Tabloid Brand Pastilles, Photographic Products, Tabloid Brand in Ireland, Early visitation of Plague Plague supposed to be caused by Demons Curious Celtic Recipes, Roval Phvsician
Sera,
88
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(O'Shiels,
53 53
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143 85 61
58 17
24 182 182 183 187
FOREWORD For many
have been engaged in researches methods employed in the healing It amongst both civilised and uncivilised peoples.
arts,
my
has been use
the
years
the
respecting
I
early
of particular, to trace the origin
in
object,
remedial
of
stances used in the treatment of various diseases
was
the
it
virtues
alleged
purely ?
superstitious suggestion tions
is
the result of accident
more usually
of
always
Was
'^
and practical observa-
the result of study
their adoption tion, or
sub-
were certain
Why
agents.
Were
?
imaginary and due to some A consideration of such ques-
interest,
and sometimes adds
to
our
knowledge.
There
a considerable amount of information scattered
is
throughout the world books,
printed
the
sifting
but
manuscripts and
folk-lore, early of
difficulties
pharm^aceutical
Exhibition objects
I
medical,
of
which
am
I
out
and
anticipate
that
chemical
and
tracing
evidence are considerable.
Historical
the
in
the
be
to
organising,
London (Eng.), will lead to the revealing of many facts, and the elucidation of many obscure points,
held
connection with the origins of various medicines.
in
should greatly value any information sent
1
to
in
medical traditions or references
me
in
regard
antient treatment in
to
manuscripts, printed works, etc. even though the items be may form important connecting links ;
ever so small, they in
the chain of historical evidence. It
is
my
intention
ultimately
to
Henry
Thanks Colonel
W.
are S.
due
to
the
Wood-Martin.
Council
A.D.C.,
of
the
and
to
P.
1
pro-
obtain.
Wellcome
S.
Royal Dr.
permisBion to reproduce the illustrations on pages
the
before
place
fession, in a collected form, all the information
Irish
W
Academy,
Joyce,
41. 44. 45, 46. 47.
for 57
to
kind
and
5&,
p .•(
'
'^S'm>-i wi=l«ncnriTi ii«^ic5n*|-iivWi ials
P H LEBOTOM ICAL
!
•mMiw'
-^^si wT**?^
ChART
Or diagram in form of a man, showing veins which may be opened. At the end of each line is a short description of the particular vein, with its virtues, beginning as follows: "[Letting of] the vein in the tip of the nose helpeth the memory and disease of the brain and prevents effusion of
rheum."
From an
Irish
MS.,
a.d. 1563
Medicine
in
antient
Erin
shown from comparative philology that and kindred races who were the earliest
It has been the
Celts,
came
colonisers in antient Ireland, originally
from the East. Sweeping " like a wave across Greece and Gaul, they eventually settled
Celtic colonisers of Erin
'^
in parts of Ireland, the Scottish Highlands, and in Wales. They brought with them their arts,
Brehon, or old Celtic laws, formed centuries before the Christian Era, being the most antient code in Europe. These Tuatha peoples, the Eoinorians, the Nemedians, the De Danaans, the Firbolgs, and the Milesians, who came under the leadership of Partholan, were all races derived from one Celtic stock, and spoke the same language. The Milesians were the last of the races to invade Ireland, and from them the chief traditions of antient Erin are traced. laws and customs, the
were
which
from these early traditions that were carefully studied and antient Ireland to a remarkable degree.
evidenced
is
It
medicine
and surgery
cultivated in
Like the Greeks and other races of antiquity, the had their great traditional physicians. Macferbis,
Irish in
his
Book
of Genealogy,
which was com-
from early the seventeenth century ' Celtic records now lost, states in niled I
:
—
"
Thus sayeth the antient authority The first doctor that was ever Capa; "
"
For the healing
all-powerful
;
of
the
sick
Earliest Celtic
physicians
:
in
in his
lu-iiin
was
time was
MEDICINE
10
IN
ANTIENT
ERIN
" Eaba,='' the female ph3-sician who accompanied the lady Ceasir into Erinn, was the second doctor " Slanga, the son of Partholan, was the third ;
doctor (who came into Erinn with Partholan) " Fergua, the grandson of Crithinbel, was the fourth doctor (who came into Erinn with Nemed)." ;
The
doctors of the Firbolgs were Dubdha, Dubhlo-
sach, Cudan, Corinchisnech, Tingin, Fiswchida, Miane, the son of Gressach, Aongus and Anternmach.
The doctors
of
the
De Danaans were
Tuatha
Diancecht, Airmedh, Aliach, etc. Diancecht, the only one of these traditional physicians of whom we have a fuller record, may be regarded as
He
mentioned by 831-903, and His century. vehement power," and wonderful
the Celtic ^-Esculapius.
is
Cormac MacCuilleanain, a. d. also in some MSS. of the eighth
iEscuiapius
"
name
signifies the stories are related of his skill.
Tradition states that
he had a son called Miach, and a daughter named Airmedh, both of whom are said to have, in some respects, excelled him in skill. Among the early Irish, as in
all
the Celtic nations,
Druids were the priests, physicians and seers. Their doctrines and knowledge were handed down by oral tradition from remote antiquity and preserved with great secrec}-, so that the people might be more the
impressed with a mysterious awe for their
strongl)-
wisdom and power. It is probable, therefore, that Diancecht, the famous leech of " vehement power," was a Druid of profound
knowledge. According
to an antient chronicler, " These were well versed in the book of Nature, and were acquainted with many marvels of natural magic and the properties of many herbs, and a DruM""
leeches
*
Eaba
is
the
Celtic history.
about 2000
B.C.
first
She
is
"lady physician" of whom we have mention in supposed to have landed and practised in Krin
-«
MEDICINE
IN
ANTIENT
ERIN
11
f
were students of astrology, and learned omens, auguries and exorcisms." They are said to have practised
of
in the
matter
—
"
force of potent spells and wicked magic, And conjurations horrible to hear,
By
And set the ministry of hell at work. And raise a slaughtered army from the earth, And make them live and breathe and fight again." It
is
stated that the
Tuatha De Danaan's Druids
belonged to that early and mysterious body,
whom among ,^ Jbast
that
11
the
so-called 1
was shared, and it they may have been
•
is
magic of the 111 even probable
Druids skilled in
hypnotism
sufficiently skilled
hypnotism as to be able to induce others to see and hear as their mental superiors desired. Amongst others, Ciothruath, the Druid leech of Cormac of Cashel, is said to have possessed this gift. To some were attributed very special medicinal and curative powers. For instance, a drink given from the hand of Fion, an early leech, was affirmed to be in
wound or cure any disease. " Book of Invasions," the antient According to the and rival forces of the Fomorians and Tuatha De Danaans had each a special Druid leech whose duty it was every night to attend to the wounded, that they might be ready for the next day's battle. able to heal any
The
earliest authentic record of Diancecht's
that mentioned at the battle of Moytura, sk'maT' of Sligo, between the ^" ^""'"^ fought in the county o ' surgeon Firbolgs and the Tuatha De Danaans, where it is said he prepared a bath of herbs and plants possessing medicinal properties, in the rear of the skill is
^
which the wounded plunged, and arc said have come out healed, owing to the action of the Slan Ici," whicli was regarded as a sovereign remedy
forces, into to "
for all diseases.
According to the most antient chronicles cited in the of Clonmacnoise," and in those of the " Four Masters," the first battle of Magh Tureadh, or Moytura,
"Annals
iS,*'-
'
-
If^rl
1
00
hi'
M
m«r^i
3
'^'^tl'r?'^
'^^
^ " ;
A
->'f '^
I
\
MEDICINE
IN
ANTIENT
13
ERIN
which occurred in the year 3273* Anno Mundi, was fought near the place now known as Cong in the county of Mayo. In that conflict, through which the older Firbolgian rule in Ireland was overthrown by the Scythian or Tuatha De Danaan race, who then carried \\ith them the higher civilisation and arts of
East into the countr}', the leader of the latter, King Nuada, lost his arm, and the physician, Diancecht, staunched the blood and dressed the wound. It is further stated that Miach, the son of Diancecht, had an artificial hand wrought in silver for the the
^'^^'^^'^ monarch, who afterwards bore the name, so silver nana " Nuada of long remembered in Irish history, the Silver Hand." "This substitute," says a Gaelic chronicler, "was so exquisitel}- fashioned, and with '
such mobility in every joint and finger, as though it was the natural hand." The miraculous virtues of this silver hand were a fruitful theme for early metrical romance, which, even divested from their fabulous elaboration, leave us with the impression that this early surgical contrivance was really a
remarkable mechanical production of great
artistic skill.
The chronicler goes on to state that twenty-seven years after, in a conflict generally known as the second battle of Moytura, where " King Nuada of the Silver Hand" fell, and which took place Diancecht in
Anno Mundi, Diancecht,
the year 3300!
his son
jealous of the superior knowledge possessed In this battle, which by his son, slew him. fought between the Tuatha De Danaans and
was the
Fomorians or Norsemen, who, having taken possession of the Hebrides and the Shetlands, invaded Ireland, the medical skill and art of the Scythian race was again demonstrated.
According Diancecht,
it was during this fight that present with his son and daughter,
to tradition,
who was
487 B.C.
t
460
li.C.
MEDICINE
IN
ANTIENT
ERIN
15
prepared a great healing bath with the principal herbs and plants of Erin, and over it pronounced incantations during the contest. The magic The soldiers who were wounded in the fight healing were at once plunged into the bath, and are said to have emerged whole, so that they were " able
enemy again and again." After a time," continues the legend, " there grew up from Miach's grave three hundred and sixty-five herbs from the three hundred and sixty-five joints to fight the "
and sinews and members of his body, each herb with mighty virtue to cure diseases of the part it grew from. His sister, Airmedh, plucked up the herbs, and carefully sorting them, wrapped them up in her mantle. But jealous old Diancecht came and mixed them all up, so that now no leech has complete knowledge of their distinctive qualities, unless," quaintly remarks the chronicler, " the Holy Spirit should teach him." The belief that there were three hundred and sixtv-five 'joints and members in the ^'^"''^ anatomy human body is also mentioned in the old Irish treatise " Na Arrada," which is said to have been written about the eighth century. Another tradition of great antiquity referring to the •^
art of healing, states that after the Milesian invasion,
which immediately succeeded the first appearance of the Picts in Ireland, there is record of a British, or probably a Cymric, people who, having landed on the south coast of Ireland, violated the tribal customs by poisoning their spears and arrows, in order that the inflicted might prove either mortal or incur-
wounds able.
"
On
this,"
says
the
historian,
Governor of Leinster, applied the
Picts,
for
assistance as to
"
Crionthan,
to his northern allies,
how he should
best
meet their treachery. They immediately procured him the Trosdale, one of their most famous Druids, renowned for his skill in physick, who would provide an antidote against the poison." Accordingly, at the next battle, which was fought on the banks of the
>•>
~s^Wv^l^KlffBm
CD
ti
MEDICINE
IN
ANTIENT
ERIN
17
is said to have arranged a bath of milk army, into which the wounded Of this Trosdale it xrosdaie, soldiers were plunged. is recorded that he could make a bath of the ^1^^^°"^ milk of white-faced cows which would render the body of him who bathed in it invulnerable to the
Slaney, the Druid
at the rear of the
wounds
of poisoned arrows. Diancecht's teaching was spread abroad by his disciples in a similar manner to that of the Asclepiades When the palaces of Tara and of antient Greece.
Emaniah were
at the height of their splendour, tradition
was a building called or the " House
states, that adjoining the latter
Teagh Na Cracibhe Raudhe,
The "House
A the renowned of the Cnmson Branch, where iU champions of the court lodged their arms gr^ch" Near to this and hung up their trophies. was the Royal Hospital, called the Broin Bearg, or the " House of Sorrow," where the sick and wounded were lodged and attended with special care. This institution seems to have sprung from ^^yj^^^ r
11
of the
a
r^
•
u
T->
description
of
.)
u
knight-errantry,
like
that
which characterised the Hospitallers in later times, " and heroes of the " Red Branch are said by historians to have made a very considerable figure, even in foreign countries, in those days road to fame.
when
chivalry
was the
surest
Among the trophies which are said to have been exhibited in the hall of the " Red Branch," were balls composed of the brains of distinguished fallen foes, just as the Indian strings the scalps of his enemies to his girdle. Certain mystic powers were attributed to it happened that one of them from among the trophies, and, during an engagement which was fought shortly after, was slung with such force at Conner, King of Ulster, that The use of compressed his skull was fractured.
these brain balls, and
was
stolen
cerebral
substance
in
modern
medical
practice
is
known, but its employment as a projectile is At once, probably unique in the annals of warfare.
well
MEDICINE
18
IN
ANTIENT
ERIN
Fineen Faithaig, one of the King's principal leeches, sent for, who, upon examining the wound, promised
was
to put his skill into operation provided the nobles in attendance would give their consent to the remedies
The
he might employ. that the
wound was
whose advice
to
chronicler goes on to state, cured by the physician,
at length
the
King was worthy
of the
most
He day. recommended him to a\oid all exercise that might disorder or ferment his blood, not to ride hard, not enlightened
practitioner
the
of
present
be incontinent, and to keep his spirits cool and in proper motion. Some time afterwards it is stated that Conner, giving way to rage, the wound burst open, some of the blood flowed out, and he died upon the spot. to
In the Book of Leinster, written in a. d. ii6g, and which was compiled from far earlier sources, another account is given of this curious and interesting legend bearing on early cerebral surgery, which runs as
—
follows " Conner :
Macnessa, who was King of Ulster at the period of the Incarnation of the Redeemer, having been wounded in the head by a ball from a sling Celtic j conflict at Ardnurach, was carried back -J
'
surgery
home, where
physicians resolved not to attempt to extract the ball, but succeeded by They, palliative treatment in restoring him to health. however, strictly enjoined him to avoid for the future, to
his
amongst other
things, all
his
violent exercises, riding
on
horseback, or any mental excitement or anger. For many years he followed these directions, and continued
time of the Crucifixion of our Lord, observing the solar eclipse and other atmospheric terrors of that awful day, he asked Bacrach, his Druid, what the cause of it was. The Druid consulted in health, until at last, at the
and answered b\- informing the King that Son of the Living God, was at that moment What crime has suffering at the hands of the Jews. he committed ? said Conner. None,' replied the Druid. Then they are slaying him innocently ? said Conner.
his oracles,
Christ, the
'
'
'
'
'
MEDICINE
20
IN-
ANTIENT
ERIN
Then Conner burst are,' answered the Druid. sudden indignation at the words, drew his sword, rushed out to the wood of Laimbraidhe, which was opposite his palace door, where he began to hew down the young trees there, exclaiming, Oh if I were present, it is thus I would cut down the enemies of the innocent man His anger began to increase, until at last the fatal ball, which was lodged in his skull, started from its place, followed by the King's brain, and Conner Macnessa fell dead on the spot. This 'They
into
'
!
'
!
occurrence happened in the fortieth year of his reign and he has been counted since as the first man who died for the sake of Christ in Ireland."
;
Book of Ball^inoate, and more at length in of Lismore, an account is given of the illness of Teige of Mackein, one of the Munster princes, who, with Luigad-Laga, a renowned warrior, undertook to In the
the
Book
restore his
kingdom
to
Cormac McArt.
A
battle
was
fought at Crinna, in Louth, and gained by the adherents of the monarch of Tara, but both the Munster chief-
were badly wounded. The}- were carried to Tara be cured, but the doctors of the King of Meath, forgetful of the allegiance due to themselves, and to their art, were induced, either by Cormac or tains to
poison their enemies'
wounds
his attendants, to poison the
Munstcr champious. ^
was
wounds
of the
The method bv which
Small poisoned arrows, and an ear of barley, which was probably also poisoned, were secretly placed in the wounds of the invalids. As the poison was intended to work but slowly, an endeavour was made to heal the wounds over the substances placed in them. Luigad is stated to have recovered owing to the circumstance of his wounds having this
reptiles,
portions
effected, is certainly curious.
of
opened afresh, and the poison being ejected during an acrimonious conversation with the King, when he became exceedingly angry. Teige, however, remained for a year, until his own medical attendant, Fineen, arrived from Munster with three of his most sick
MEDICINE
celebrated
ANTIENT
IN
EniN
21
Upon approaching wounded man.
disciples.
the
house
they heard the groans of the "
"
What groan is this said the physician. A groan from a barb," answered the first pupil. And what groan is this " said the physician again. " A groan from a living reptile," the second pupil said. ?
"
"
"
?
And what groan
is
this
"
?
the physician
said
a
third time. "
A
groan from a poisoned dart," said the third pupil.
Thus nosis
;
did the physician of that day make his diagand the whole scene may be fitly described
lecture recorded in the continue the storv the a Celtic ^ physician's physician then entered the house with his diagnosis disciples. They placed the coulter of a plough in the fire, and blew with the smith's bellows until it was red hot. One of the pupils then " made a dart at the wound of Teige, and forth came the offending
as the
clinical
first
Emerald
...
To
Isle.
1,1
,
:
1
,
•
It seems probable that the assistant in reality re-opened the wound with the actual cautery. Coming to a later period, but still beyond the fringe
bodies."
of authentic
we
history,
find
in
several
authorities
record of a tradition that, in the second centur}' before Christ, Josina, the ninth King of Scotland, was
educated in Ireland by the native r" phvsicians, \'^°^''.^ physician and that he wrote a treatise on " The Virtues and Powers of Herbs." Whatever credit we may attach to this story, it shows that the physicians of Erin •'
had a reputation
..
J
for great skill at a very early period.
The medicine bag carried by these early was called " les " and how general was the ;
•
custom
1'
leeches The
indicated by the expression in the doctor's " Amra" that a leech without his medicine bag ^^^ was called a " fcr-bolg." This term more generally IS
means a bag for carrying a set of chess-men. These interesting old legends, which probably are not without some grains of truth, serve to give us some idea of the healing art during the mythological period of Celtic history in Ireland.
MEDICINE
22
IN
ANTIENT
ERIN
Medical Knowledge, Laws and Regulations THE Celtic Period It
in
has been said that the practitioners of the healing Ireland are the legitimate heirs of what may be termed the oldest professional culture of
art in
of"thl""^ i^^lreianT*
which there is record in the living language ^^ ^"'' European nation. " It might be proved, by incontrovertible evidence, that when the
lamp of medical knowledge was yet unkindled in most other countries, its light shone with comparative brilliance in Ireland. There is still extant a considerable
number
of
antient
in
manuscripts,
many
of
which the distinguished history and high character of Even the early Celtic medicine are well illustrated. references in the oldest Gaelic
MSS.
to the
medical practices of nearly 2000 years ago
Early Celtic
';
,
,
r
•
j
x-
are not altogether unworthy ot consideration from the legendary or mythical form in which they have reached us. That form was as inevitable in
leeches
these as in other records of similar antiquity, e.g. the Homeric poems. For in Celtic Ireland, as in antient
Greece, such narratives were originally transmitted orally in poetic garb, through countless generations, until in distant ages they were evidently committed to
and thus preserved in those now time-worn which can still be traced, however dimly, the medical art and usages, as well as the social life and history, of our remote ancestors." From this source it can be gathered that from the writing,
folios in
oldest
period of authentic Irish history, the
literature
classic
Greek and Roman medicine was cultivated therapeutics, materia medica and anatomy studied; and surgery, gynaecology and obstetrics ^practised in Ireland, where the professors of the healing art were then of
;
h,g%fthe" ^^'*''=.
physicians
held in high honour. Further, there is clear evidence show that the employment of anaesthetics, and even the alleged marvels of modern hypnotism, were,
to
MEDICINE
although
in
IN
ANTIENT
ERIN
23
cruder forms, anticipated by the antient
Celtic physicians.
From numerous instances recorded by chroniclers, from the introduction of Christianity in the fifth century to about the end of the fourteenth century, some idea may be gathered of the medical practitioners of that period. The " Liaig," or Leea (radically the .same as the old English leech), as the physician was called, ranked with the higher craftsmen and the workers in the precious metals, and he belonged to the The Ceiuc ^ P
,
\
leech, and his rank
.
Ollaves, or the highest order of their particuHe also had equal rank with the
lar caste.
Aireach Ard, who was a landowner, having twenty
whom
paid him lieges or retainers under him, ten of tribute without refection. " The " Book of Glendalough states that the physician
had a separate seat assigned to him at the royal in that famed locality. According to the Brchon laws, he was entitled to his food, and that of four of his pupils, at the house of his patient while the latter was being healed, but at the cost of the transgressor if the wounds were caused maliciously. Should, however, the wounds break open within a certain time, he was obliged to refund his fees, and these were to be given to a better physician who was able to keep the banqueting table
wound healed beyond the test.
This
test
the time prescribed by for a wound of Laws
was a year
regulating
the hand or arm, a year and a quarter tor one fees on the leg, and three years for the perfect cure After this period neither the of a wound on the head. man who inflicted the wounds, nor the doctor who cured them, was held responsible for any after consequences which might result.
Camden
says, in describing the Irish nobles
"
:
They
have also their historians, physicians, bards, poets, each of which have lands assigned to them, and each of these form distinct families, as professions in every territory the Hrehons of one Hneage and name, the historians of
MEDICINE
24
IN
ANTIENT
ERIN
another, and so of the rest, who each bring up their children in their respective arts." The services of the leech were evidently much
appreciated by the Celts, and
uncommon
it
was by no means
make a
grant of land to the physician, so that, in the words of the Brehon Code, " he might be preserved from being disturbed by the cares and anxieties of life, and enabled to devote for the tribe to
himself to the study and work of his profession." A distinction is drawn in the Brehon Code between " " the " lawful and " unlawful physician it being stated " If an unlawful that, physician remove a joiut or siucw without obtaining an indemnity "ractice'^^'' ;
that he
against liability to damages, and with a notice was not a regular physician, he is subject to a
penalty with compensation to the patient." The laws against quacks were even more drastic among the early Irish than at the present day. If a man was maliciously or accidentally wounded, he was removed to the house of a leech, who examined
wounds, and gave certificates as to their character, upon which depended the legal liabilities of the person who had inflicted the wounds. If the leech thought he could cure the wounded man, he gave security for his and in return received proper treatment
his
;
Scale of
these varied with the security for his fees rank of the patient. For healing a bishop, the leech was entitled to receive forty-two cows, and so downwards through various grades to the "houseless, ;
homeless man, the houseboy, or slave," for leech's fee was reduced to "two cows."
whom
the
Of every cow killed for his chieftain's family the " physitian," and of every kidneys were assigned to the sheep, the shoulders to the astronomer. The Celtic physicians appreciated the value of physician's house conhos^jTiai^
,
,.
r
-i
cleanluiess, pure water, and free ventilation ill the treatment of the sick and wounded.
The
doctor's house, under the provisions of was the appointed place where the
the Brehon laws,
IN
."MEDICINE
ANTIENT
ERIN
25
sick were to be treated and, as a matter of fact, until the fifteenth century, wounded men, including the chiefs of Septs or tribes, were frequently taken to be healed of ;
wounds
house of a physician. These houses be built either on the bank of a running stream, or with such a stream passing through the The building was to be precincts of the house. provided with four doors with the object of allowing all that took place within it to be open to inspection, and further, to permit one door being left open whichever way the wind blew. The hot-air bath was employed for the cure of rheumatism, and shampooing their
in the
were ordered
to
was largely practised. There is much in the system of medicine as practised by the early Celts of Ireland which connects their ideas and practice with that contained in Sanskrit works on the healing art, and there can be little doubt that the Celts carried witli them from their Aryan homes many of the practices of the healing art and embodied in the Brehon laws.
The
which are mentioned
saw to the relief of the and had large powers, for he was entitled to levy a rate in kind on the landowners of the ceitic district in which he resided for the maintenance of the " wretched and wandering poor." officer Celtic relieving officer
sick poor,
officer is described as a " pillar of endurance," a true Celtic idea of a relieving officer he was further to " suffer a reddening of his face without insult
This
;
to his tribe
"
;
in
other words, he was not to consider
himself disgraced because he was abused by beggars. Each tribe was chargeable for the maintenance of its
own sick men and women, and who were incurable." \\'e learn '•
for the
keep of those "with respect to sick maintenance," that it included the attendance of a physician, and for providing food, bedding and lodging, and from granting the sick man things also,
'•
prohibited by the physician." Ahiiost every leech took apprentices, his house,
and who learned
their art
who
lived in
by the teaching
^i^u^iiii
Stone Effigy of
St.
At the antient Cathedral
Brendon at
Ardfert
MEDICINE
IN
or lectures of the master. his
professional
ANTIENT
They accompanied him on
For
visits.
27
ERIN
this instruction
a fee was paid which included their keep, clothing and lodging during the period they
"at their learning."
were
^p^.^'lfj-^es
Campion, who wrote
in
Latin like a 1571, says of the students: "They speak vulgar tongue, learned in their common schooles."
Medical Education
Celtic Tia\es
in
seems probable that education was
It
Ireland
in
diffused
after
during
the
Celtic
introduction
the
fairly
well
period,
and
of
Christianity, several schools of learning were established. Amongst
immediately these
Clonard, founded
were
berry, in the St. Patrick.
many
taught in
The
in
a. d.
Roscar-
530;
same century; and Armagh, founded by It is quite probable that medicine was
ruins of
of these schools.
many
others, such as Clonmacnoise,
Cashel, Maelick, Portumna and Monasterboice, still attest the culture and art, as well as the pieLy, of iueii founders one at least is of special interest as of a
—
medical origin and character, namely, Tuaim This Brecain, near the present town of Belturbet. was college, as Dr. Healey, in Bif Clonfert, has shown, estabhshed by a medical practitioner of no little eminence St. Brecan whose skill is celebrated in the
distinctly
—
—
early Irish annals.
Brecan was the son of Findloga, and a disciple of He is said to have worked many luiracles of healing, and died a. d. 578. The educational courses and numerous gradations St.
St.
Finian at Clonard.
adopted intricate
" in the Celtic colleges or universities, grew so and complicated, that in the case of the legal
profession, families,
the
key to the customary law." the
Hrehonship was confined
who transmitted from generation interpretation
of
the
to
a
few
to generation
written
So, in like manner, the
and
profession
J
'"
o^
to Ci)
I
^
o s E c _o
O
MEDICINE
IN
ANTIENT
ERIN
29
also became hereditary in certain whose medical knowledge was largely derived Handed from antient MSS. and tradition. '""^ down from father to son, its exclusive posses- a/ sion, in some cases, was recognised as proof ''^^f^^ggfj^
of medicine then families,
of their right to be regarded as the medical attendants of their respective clans. Several of these
documents are or elsewhere.
extant in the Royal Irish Academy, Thus, we have the O'Lees, the heredi-
still
tary physicians of the O'Flahertys of Connaught the O'Shiels, the elder who died in 1548, the medical the attendants of the MacColghans of Devlin ;
;
O'Hickeys, the body physicians to the O'Briens of Thomond the O'Cassidies, one of whom died in 1322 and another in 1335, the leeches to the Maguires the Callanans, to the O' Kennedys of Fermanagh ;
;
;
the
the MacAnleaghas, the four died in 1395, 1527, 1567 and 1586, the O'Mearas, the O'Connels and many
O'Canavans,
to
O'Dunleavies, who
respectively others. It is further recorded that certain territories, consisting of five acres, were allotted to these chieftains ;
;
for the support of their ph3'sicians, and many of these From the lands, it is said, can still be identified.
name O'Ley word
"
or Lye, being a corruption of the Irish signifying doctor or physician, it is
liaig,"
probable that the family of this name was amongst the oldest of the hereditary physicians of Ireland. In a state of society such as prevailed in a country so subjected to constant warfare and repeated predatory invasions as Celtic Ireland, the presence of "one " skilled their wounds to heal was an obvious necessity in the entourage of each knight or chieftain. That
was accordingly held in high esteem, and was habitually filled by the head of some one of the families of hereditary physicians, whose social status and emoluments were distinctly defined by the Brehon
office
Code, and who were then freely rewarded by their patrons and patients. Thus, Ballygally Castle was the property of the Neillans, who were hereditary physicians
X
O
MEDICINE
to the royal
IN
ANTIENT
house of Thomond.
31
HRIN
Desmond's medical
Ollave was assigned a townland, together with a town house in Youghal, for his fee and, by a deed dated son of Maclmora 1673, Lord Courcy granted Rotheric, in M'Beha, physician, half a townland in Rinrone in the " highway called Glanquill, to hold free with medicinal ;
dignitv. liberty
and
profits,"
throughout his lordships of
Rinrone and Rinsale.
The reputation of these hereditary Irish physicians long outlived that of most of the other professions and arts of the remote period of which this system was the outcome, and was not confined to their own country in the seventeenth century. similar system to that which prevailed in Ireland still exists in some parts of India, where, as Voyse states, the families who claim the right of
even
A
practising medicine, do so in virtue of their n/r ^f^ of inherited antient MSS., or .
possession "
.
Hereditary physicians in India
shastras," which are jealously guarded by and not permitted to be sold or copied.
their owners,
In Scotland also, in Celtic times, the practice of the healing art was in some instances hereditary. Thus, " " was a pulmonary disease called glachach also called -'the Macdonalds' disease" in the ceYtic'^*^
Highlands, because the gift of curing it was Pj'^s'coi^nd ascribed to certain families of that name. In Ireland, the last survival of this system exists in the instance of a family named M'Govran, in the parish of Killinagh, in the county of Cavan, where they have long enjoyed a wide reputation as the possessors of a cure for hydrophobia, by a method of treatment which has been handed down from an unknown antiquity, and the secret of which has been carefully preserved in their hands.
UJ
i~
>
MKDICINE
Disease
IN
in
ANTIENT
ERIN
33
Celtic Times
all diseases were attributed by the Celtic what they termed " Meillt-eorcacht," or "fairy strokes," a similar idea to that which prevailed among other primitive races, where disease was believed to be due to e\il spirits or demons. Sir William Wilde, who prepared statistics of disease from the Irish MSS. written in the earliest times, was able to tabulate seventy-five diseases Diseases accurately described by the early leeches. in Celtic
Nearly
Irish to
"
.
The
,
J.
,,
times terms for the prmcipal diseases, were of far more appropriate or derived significance than those used in EngUsh, from the Latin or Greek."
he
Irish
"
states,
The
general
Many
of
names
for disease, sickness, or ailment,
Other used) and sometimes teidin. used are brcoitecht, cagenias and aicia. the diseases and epidemics we are now
were galar words now
(still
acquainted with were known and studied by the early Irish physicians. bolgoch, or the " speckled
"
as
or
of
anfobracht,
Smallpox was known by the name disease," and galar brecc,
pustule
disease."
Consumption
was known
which, according person without bracht
aubobraclit,
to
or Cormac's Glossary, is a " one who " fat," and in the Brehon Code it is termed has no juice or strength." Murkertagh O'Brien, King of Munster, appears to have fallen a victim to this disease, and retired to the monastery of Lismore, Diseases of the bladder or kidneys where he died. were called galar fiiail, literally "disease of the urine." Gout in the hand is expressed in Irish as crtipan na lam, and ophthalmia as galar siila, "disease of the eye." The word criipan is still used in parts of Ireland to
describe a paralytic affection in cattle. There is a record of an early King called Acd Pjaridnech, or "Aed of the shivering disease," which was probably ague while palsy was known by the ;
words
"trj//;,"
shaking, and "hiiii,"
:i
hand.
Epilepsy
.-
ajfl M i
T iiaft
B
-
'
cmt duftfamtajgre
i
ir.-,-Tnif i n
-—
!
atttancccomrcccfrtflcb
lj€ftcer*flnu{bmotegmnt7 peine aet^eafe
St. Patr ick From an MS.
of
the
XV
century
MEDICINE
was known as galar
IN
ANTIENT
poll, or
"
35
ERIN
Paul's sickness," from a
had a
Paul, after one of his visions, seizure of this disease. Those suffering from belief that
St.
"
were called There
it
ceitic
prone to the
taliiiaidlieacli,
names of diseases
m .
earth."
is
also
a
record
that
A.D. 653, St. Camin, of Inis Celtra, died in that year of kiiic-bntrr, "fire of swelling," St. Anthony's " withered away all his body, fire, or erysipelas, which
so that his bones fell asunder when laid in the grave," which points to the fact that ergotism was rife in
Ireland as early as the seventh century. According to Zeuss's Glosses of the eighth century, cancer is expressed by two Irish words, tiithle and ailse,
and diarrhoea was called
hnimiecJi.
In early times, when great plagues were of frequent occurrence all over the world, Ireland was not exempt.
A
of
pestilence
any
great
bemg
" tain " or " tauilt."
often
used
,
.
but
;
it
any severe seizure " "
Dunebath Dibath
"
"
is
and
was
mortality
denoted by several words, the most " Teiain
usual
.
'
was always applied in
Celtic
words for piague
was
also
to
an individual, such as
a
plague, literally " ar " are often used
"
man in
colic.
death."
the
same
"
" and " bo-ar," both denoting bo-dibath sense, as in In later times the cattle plague, from "bo," a cow. old "Z'/rti^," a plague, was borrowed from the Latin
Lastly, a terrible pestilence of any kind was '' scaub,'" which means a designated by the old word
plcii^a.
besom or broom. The victims of a plague were commonly buried in one spot, which was fenced round and so preserved as hallowed ground. In Cormac's Glossary it is said that the place of such wholesale interment was called ''
tauilachta" or
''
tainlaclit"
i.e. "plague ground." near Dublin, are still to be seen a number of early graves and burial mounds, in which, according to tradition, a Partholanian colony once settled there, succumbed to plague in the space of a week.
On
Tallaght
Hill,
St. Bridget Patroness of Erin^A.o. 453-525 St. Bridget shares with St. Patrick the glory of being one of the She is said to have been brought up by a earliest saints of Erin. Druid, who bought her mother as a slave. From her infancy she is said to have performed miracles of healing.
MKDICINE
IN
ANTIENT
37
ERIN
antient records it appears that Ireland in times was visited by several severe plagues, and the first of these is said to have destroyed
From
Celtic
visitation a whole colony of Tuatha De Danaans, at Howth, in the year 1180 B.C. A later visi- °^,\llf^„l tation was one that was destined to have a considerable influence on the history of the island.
In the year 541, about a century after the arrival of St. Patrick, it is recorded that a plague called "blessed" broke out. Among the victims is said to have been
who swore falsely by the hand of St. Kieran, head being severed from his body by gangrene. This plague again recurred in 544, and was called " crom chonail,'" the yellow mange, or the yellow plague of King Conal. It is said to have lasted for three years, and to have carried off five of the Irish saints. It is a beggar his
described by Adamnanus, who lived in the seventh The return of the plague is recorded in century.
when
was
the year
554,
and again
'•
The
coincidence of this period with that of
lepra."
in
576,
it
called
great plague of Justinian, which began in 540, and ravaged Europe for nearly half a century, leaves no doubt of its identity. The plague of Justinian was believed to have destroyed nearly one-third the
human race, but the last visitation of the plague was proportionately of much greater severity, carrying oft' two-thirds of the population of
of
the
Irish
Ireland.
In the Chroniam Scutoniiii it is recorded that in the year 700 the sea was frozen over between Scotland and
and that famine and pestilence lasted for three insomuch that men ate one another. In 946, a " readlidibitdli" remarkable disease, which was called or " furious death," caused the death of both men and cattle among the Saxons, Celts and The " furious p The ongm of this disease was death" Britons. ascribed to magic, probably because it was Ireland,
years,
.
.
,
.
,
.
not preceded by inclemency of the weather, or any other cause that might produce it, and there seems
^mr
MEDICINE
little
doubt that
IN
ANTIENT
Between 992 and
was contagious.
it
39
ERIN
During 120, there are five other visitations recorded. the Anglo-Celtic period, at least two epidemics of 1
One of these dysentery are said to have occurred. ravaged Armagh in the year 1020, after a very hot summer, and the other occurred in the spring of 1035.
During the ninth century the death is recorded of who appears to have been an eminent
O'Tindrid,
of
physician
the
Celtic
period.
He was
temporary of Scotus Erigena, a great
con-
the
literary light
of his time.
According to the Book of the Four Masters, a. d. 986, " Druidical or magic sickness was caused by demons in the east of Ireland,
which caused mortality of men
plainly before people's eyes." It was a common belief that
the plague was due some malignant demon that roamed the country. Thus, in a. d. 10S4, it was recorded that a great pesti-
to
men
lence,
which
killed
began
in the
South and spread over the land.
a fourth of the
in
Ireland,
cause of this pestilence," says the chronicler, " was due to demons, which came out of the
supposed
the world, to wit, three battalions, and in each battalion there were thirty and ten hundred and two thousand, as
Northern
hills
of
"The to
l^/l^^f^^
Oengus
Oc, the son of Dagda, related to Gilla Lugan, who used to haunt the fairy mound every year on Samain night. And he himself beheld at Maistin '
'
the battalion of
them which was destroying
Leinster.
and so they were seen of Gilla, Lugan's son wherever their heat or fury reached, there their venom
Even
;
For there was a sword of fire out of the each of them, and every one of them was as So that is the cause high as the clouds of heaven.
was taken. gullet of
of the pestilence."
During the fourteenth century Ireland was visited " black death," and whole districts were by the decimated by this terrible scourge.
MEDICINE
40
IN
ANTIEXT
ERIN
same century, a scrofulous disease of the joints, which was known by the name of This name ''fiohin" seems to have been prevalent. appears to have been used sometimes to denote scurvy, and sometimes King's Evil. In the Book of the Four Masters there is also record In the
skin
and
of a plague
"
called
cliiithe-iia-riglt,"
or
the
"
king's
game," but there is no further description of the complaint while in the Annals of Loch-Ce there is an account of a " bed distemper," which is supposed to have been ague, called galar-na-leptae.''' Leprosy seems to have been prevalent in the sixth ;
••
century,
"
"
clam and " brosc being in use for some form of the disease, as Well as for the leper. The common word the
"
names
common
in^ireiYnd
"
for lepros}^ is, however, labor.''' Judging from the chronicles, leprosy appears to have existed in Ireland from a very early date, but whether it was
true leprosy or not, sixth century,
was impossible to say, until the the disease was described more
it
when
said to have healed lepers, have given shelter to a leper in his own dwelling and among the accounts of miracles performed by other saints leprosy is An epidemic of influenza is frequently mentioned. described in an Irish MS. of the fifteenth century under the names of "fiiacht " and sloadhan." St.
fully.
and
at
Patrick
one time
is
to
;
^^
In the story of the battle of Dunbolg, the young warrior, Ron Kerr, having smeared himself all over with the blood of a calf mixed with dough of rye, to look like a leper, went as a spy in this disguise to the
enemy's camp.
Many
other instances are recorded of the disease was very
this disguise, which show that common in Erin in earlv times.
MEDICINE
IN
ANTIENT
41
ERIN
Medical and Surgical Treatment
in
Celtic Times In the earliest records of medical treatment by the leeches of Erin, the medicated bath plays an
important part. heal the
It
wounded
was used by Diancecht at the battle of
and by the famous Trosdale druid on the banks of the Slaney.
^^^
to ^t^L"'^''
Moytura,
at the battle
^..4»^''.--'
fought
>
_-
The GaRNAVtLr.A Amulet Consisting of a crystal ball in a bronze mount. liung round the neck of an animal, whilst feeding, it was believed to prevent disease.
When
Irish
peasants will conclude a bargain without first on their hands to ensure good luck. Piers, in
spitting
his
"
Account of West Meath,"
states
that
the powcr of curiug burns was supposed to exist in the saliva of certain persons, who acquired the virtue by drawing a lizard, found in West Meath, across their tongue in a direction contrary to the scales of the reptile.
^selTe'etc.
Many be cited
other charms of a similar curious nature might space but permitted.
if
MEDICINE
IN
St. St.
ANTIENT
59
ERIN
Patrick
Patrick, the patron saint of Ireland,
is
said to
have been the son of a deacon named Calparnius, and was born in Dumbarton, in Scotland. He was sold as a slave to Milchu, a chief living close to the spot where Ballymena now stands, and in'^iislife there he li^ed as a shepherd for six years or At length he escaped to France, and studied more. under the guidance of St. Merin, Bishop of Tours, and In the year 432 he is eventually became a bishop. said to have undertaken a mission to Ireland, and first landed near the town of Wicklow, but ultimately travelled to Strangford Lough in county Down, where he founded the first church. St.
Patrick
is
said to have
worked many miracles of
healing, including that of curing the lepers, that came Tradition states he banished all the snakes to him. reptiles from Irish soil, and, in proof of every true son of Erin will confirm the fact that there are no snakes to be found in the Emerald Isle Patrick is frequently represented as St. to-day. trampling the snakes under his feet.
and poisonous
this,
Legendary lore also connects St. Patrick with the shamrock emblem of Ireland. It is said that, when preaching one day of the Trinity, he found it
very
until
difficult
spying
a
to
make
tiny
the doctrine clear,
three-leafed
shamrock
st.
Patrick
shamrock
growing on the emerald turf at his feet, he gathered it, explaining to his listeners that, as there were three distinct leaflets composing the leaf, so there were three distinct persons composing the Trinity. I'-ver since, the shamrock has been the national emblem of Ireland, and for centuries has been worn by Irishmen on March 17, the anniversary of St.
Patrick.
is another legend that he was once given a cup of poisoned ale by a jealous Druid, who secretly
There
S .PATRlClVS'HBERNJyE APO.STOLVi' Claruir
AnnoDommi St
From
.
CCCCLVin.
Pat rick XVII
an engraving of the
century
MEDICINE
IN
ANTIENT
61
ERIN
wished to compass his death, but St. Patrick made the following sign of the cross, and repeated
the
incantation
:
—
"Tuba
fis
fri
ibu,
ibu anfis,
fis
Fis bru uatha, ibu lithu, Christi Jesus."
on which, the poison in the ale froze to solid ice. He then inverted the cup and the poison fell out. He then turned the cup up again, and drank off the now harmless ale.
The "Oh!
the
Sha
a\
r
ock
bonny verdant land,
Where the shamrock grows Oh the hghl on every hand Where the shamrock grows !
!
!
Lovti and faith and truth combine, Nourished by a cure divine,
Wiiere the shamrock grows!"
The Cehic- Irish,
like
the
herbs,
many
useful local
and amongst these was that "
Chosen leaf of bard and chief, Old Erin's native shamrock."
Antient bards state the
Britons and the
antient
Anglo-Saxons, were acquainted with
it
was an object
of worship with
Tuatha De Danaans.
Curiously enough, no one can say with the exact plani to which the
name
of
certainty
shamrock was
The word seamarog in Erse, or shamrock, means " little trefoil," and is appUed to various trefoils by the Erse and Gaelic writers, although antient herbalists only mention the sour variety by that name. The plants now worn as the Irish emblem on St. Patrick's day are the Black Nonsuch {Mcdicagu and the Dutch Clover (Trifolium repens). lupiilina) The wood sorrel (Oxalis acetosclla) which is indigenous to Ireland, is the plant called "shamrog" in the old herbals,
applied.
St. Bridget From an MS.
of the
XIV
century
MEDICINE
IN
ANTIENT
63
ERIN
and one early chronicler states it was a sour plant and eaten by the Irish. Spenser says: " If they found a plot of watercresses or shamrocks, there they flocked a feast." to as \\' y t h e r
And
"And
wrote:
feed on shamrocks as the Irish doe."
these
Beyond statements, is
there
no reliable
evi-
dence to show which was the actual trefoil plucked
by
St.
Patrick.
Anglico introduced
the
white
clover into his
The Maoto Trefoil From an MS. of tbe XIV century
of representation " with a view," as the Crucifixion and other pictures, " to its chemical character." Ruskin thinks,
That the shamrock was employed in medicine in times is evidenced by the early Irish MSS.
antient
Other MSS. mention its properties as an anodyne, both in Ireland and Scotland, women having been observed gathering it for that purpose in the latter The fame of the trefoil, country as late as 1794. however, is by no means confined to these two countries. Pliny mentions it as being efficacious in " It has been curing bites from venomous beasts." depicted as the three-leaf wand of Hermes, the triple of the antients, and the trifoliated sceptre of
oracle
It is frequently shown on heads and also of a Mexican deity. It may be recognised on the crown of Persia a relic from Nineveh also presents an illustration of two sacred
Triphyllian Jove. of Isis, Osiris,
;
has probably hares engaged in devouring been used as a symbol from a period of great antiquity. it
;
so
it
MEDICINE
64
Many and are
IN
ANTIENT
ERIN
superstitions are connected with the shamrock, still believed in some parts of Ireland. If a
farmer should gather a piece of shamrock and carry it home, it will go well with his cattle on May Day. The colleen who puts a sprig in the shoe of her lover unknown to him when he starts on a journey, may
The Herbe called Oxys or Wodsorell From
a woodcut of the
XVI
century
make
sure of his return to her again. Carried on the person it is supposed to detect the presence of evil spirits, and, when gathered with a gloved hand and carried secretly into a house in which an insane person resides,
it is
said to effect a cure of the afflicted one.
Maps
of Antient
Erin
Map of
1
r e'
g..^.«
do
so.
on
the
I
wish
layO'f*
'
Equipments associated with African exploration would, of itself, make a large and it is volume, only possible to make brief mention of a few other instances of their use. That
'Tabloid'
Equipments
excel
for
military
purposes has been abundantly demonstrated during various British and foreign military camThe following is an extract from ^'""^dons P^-igns. the
(Official
(Sobcrnmcut
made
glcport,
by
Chief Medical Officer of the last British Military Expedition to Ashanti, on the Tabloid
the
'
'
MEDICAL
EQUIPMENTS
73
Brand Medical Equipment which was
suppUed by
HISTORICAL
Burroughs Wellcome & Co.:
—
and quantity, There was no scarcity of anyThe 'Tabloid' medicines were found to thing. To No delay to be most convenient and of excellent quality. ^ weigh or be able to take out at once the required dose measure
The supply
left
of medicines, both as to quaUty
nothi'ng to be desired.
'
.
medicine, without having to weigh or measure it, is a convenience that cannot be expressed in Time is saved to an extent that can hardly be words. of any
realised,
and so
is
or space, for a fitted dispensary,
q^^j.
^^
The good, no dispensary table, is unnecessary. no other °^ouWbe quality of medicines was so good that cases The should be taken into the field. supplied taken into are almost ideal ones for the Government. They and the arrangement of the materials are even
a
light, yet strong,
and medicines
is
as nearly perfect as possible.
to compare the experience of Expedition with that of the Wolseley Ashanti Expedition of 1873, fitted out according to old-time The suffering and loss of life were then methods. It
is
instructive
this
want of suitable medical equipments. Without exception, 'Tabloid' Medical Equipments have been used in all the campaigns of the last twentyfive years, and have played an important part in combating the diseases which seem inseparable from an army in the field. During the American war with Spain, in Cuba and the Philippines, 'Tabloid' Medical Equipments were the U. S. Army specially ordered for, and used by, and Navy. The Expedition which, under the command of Lord Kitchener, defeated the Khalifa and reconquered the Medical EquipSudan, was supplied with Tabloid
terrible, for
'
'
ments.
An
illustration
of
one of the
'
Tabloid
'
Medical
and supplied
to, designed the British Colonial Eorces for use in the recent South African Campaign will be found on page 74. Similar
Equipments
specially
for,
HISTORICAL
74
cases were designed
MEDICAL
for,
EQUIPMENTS
and supplied
to,
London Imperial Volunteers and
the City of
the
Imperial
Yeomanry.
One
of the
'
Tabloid
'
Brand Medicine Cases specially designed for,
and
the
troops
from the various
British
Colonies, for use
in
supplied
to,
the
South African Campaign.
The equipment
of the American Hospital Ship Maine and the valuable services it rendered in connection with the campaigns in South Africa Ship ^ and in China, are so recent as to be within the memory of all. The whole of the medical outfit was supplied by Burroughs Wellcome & Co.
„
.^
,
Hospital
|S#n„i,yQ?^^gl^J||"0]j« One
of the
and supplied
P_:,
'Tabloid' Brand Medicine Chests the Hospital Ship Maine.
specially designed for
to,
Referring to this equipment, The Lancet (London, Eng.) reported: The whole of the medical outfit has been supplied byMessrs. Burroughs Wellcome & Co. One of the medicine
—
HISTORICAL
MEDICAL
chests supplied by this firm
Mr. Henry
The
S.
is
in tooled leather,
:
designed by
Wellcome.
following description of this chest
interest
75
EQUIPMENTS
—
may be
of
The chest is made of oak covered with Carthaginian cowhide, tooled by hand, with chaste designs successalliance of Great fully representing in allegory the Britain and America in the succour of the wounded. On the top panel appear the Union Jack and the Stars and
Stripes entwined,
portraits of
Queen
Victoria,
also George Washington and President McKinley American representations of the British Lion and ;
Eagle.
The
front
bears
panel
portraits
of
Lady
Randolph Churchill (Mrs. George CornwaUis-West), the hon. secretary and the hon. treasurer of the fund ;
a scene representing the a picture of the ship itself British Lion, wounded by an arrow which lies at his side, being ministered to by Britannia and Columbia. A frieze is formed by a representation of an American Indian wampum, upon which Brother Jonathan and ;
John Bull are depicted hand-in-hand. The panel at each end of the chest represents Britannia and Columbia supporting a banner bearing the Red Cross, and on the panel at the back the British Regular and Colonial Lancers are shown charging a Boer force. Keble's line, " No distance breaks the tie of blood," and "
Bayard's phrase, Our kin across the sea," are inscribed on the chest. This beautiful cabinet contains a number Tabloid and Soloid of smaller cases fitted with products and 'Tabloid' Hypodermic Outfits, and is '
'
in itself
'
'
a compact and complete dispensary.
In the hitherto unsuccessful endeavours to reach the Arctic Poles, and in the exploration of Arctic and explorauon Antarctic lands, 'Tabloid' Medicme Chests have taken a pioneer position, and continue to hold .
supremacy.
HISTOKICAL
76
MEDICAL
EQUIPMENTS
The 'Tabloid' Belts and other Medical Equipments to Nansen for his journey in the Fram,
supplied
One
of the
'
Tabloid' Brand Medicine Belts
carried
by Nansen on
his Arctic Expedition.
and those used by the Jackson-Harmsworth Arctic Expedition, have been added to the historic collection
Burroughs Wellcome & Co.
of
The Italian Arctic Expedition, commanded by Duke of the Abruzzi, found that, despite
the
the
that
fact
the
northern
latitude
of
49" was reached, the Medicine Chests and Cases with
^^°
'Tabloid' which the Expedition was equipped were brought back with their remaining contents cjuite unaffected by tlie rigour of
hycumlte
i^'
the climate.
''
One Cases
of the
'Tabloid' Brand AIedicine
carried
by
the
Duke
of
the
Abruzzi's Polar Expedition.
Commander Peary, to whose record stands the achievement of reaching the farthest northern latitude, writing from Etah, Greenland, reports:
—
HISTORICAL
MEDICAL
77
EQUIPMENTS
Tabloid Burroughs Wellcome & Co. and supplies have proven invaluable. '
'
One
Medicine Cases
of the
'Tabloid'
Brand Medicine Chests used by Commander R. E. Peary
The
entire
medical
outfit
of
the National Antarctic
Expedition was furnished by Burroughs Wellcome & Co., and on the return of the Discovery, with the members of the Expedition on board, the medical officer made a highly satisfactory report on the
'
Tabloid
'
Medical
Equipment. August, igoi, the Discovery the following January crossed
In in
One
of the
'
Tabloid
'
left
Brand Medicine Cases
the
England, and limit
carried
of
the
by the National
Antarctic Expedition.
Antarctic Circle. point
attained
Having passed the farthest eastward by Ross sixty years before, the
HISTORICAL
78
MEDICAL
EQUIPMENTS
explorers discovered a new land, which they named One of the most noteKing Edward VII. Land.
One
of
the
'Tabloid' Brand
Medicine Chests
carried
by the
National Antarctic Expedition.
worthy features of the Expedition was the arduous sledge journey undertaken by the commander, Captain Scott, accompanied by Lieutenant Shackleton and This journey over the ice occupied Dr. Wilson. three months, and the latitude of 82° 17' South was reached.
On
sledge journeys the question of weight is of great The traveller, on such occasions, must carry but the barest necessaries, and of these the
moment. Reliability
^^^°
'
lightest procurablc.
an important item, its
The medicine for
upon the
contents the lives of the explorers
chest
is
efficacy of
may
depend.
Every drug carried must be of the utmost rehability, in the most compact state, and capable of withstanding an extremely low temperature.
That 'Tabloid' Medical Equipments fulfil all requirements has been proved again and again. They enable the traveller to carry a comparatively large supply of medicines, and may be used under conditions which
HISTORICAL
would
render
the
MEDICAL
79
EQUIPMENTS
and
carriage
of
administration
ordinary preparations impossible.
enthusiasm of Sir Clements Markham, then President of the Royal Geographical of the Expedition Society, the successful organisation Tabloid Medical is largely due. Referring to the
To
the
K.C.B.,
'
'
Equipment
of the Discovery, he reports
:
—
National Antarctic Expedition, I,
Savile
Row,
Burlington Gardens,
W.
The Medical Equip.Tient of the Exploring Ship of the
National Antarctic Expedition was entirely supplied by Uesara Burroughs, Wellcome & Co., and, proved in
every way :ao3t satisfactory^ The few other drugs and preparations which v/ere
taken
with the Expedition were only supplied for purposes of experiraent, and, can in no way be regarded as
part of t\Q medical equipment.
C^.....a^^^^^^L
2-j-
Clfykl
/(J^^
V'
\\
V'^'tki. "
s.s.
National The
Discovery " Antarctic Expedition
medical equipment of this Expedition was furnished by Burroughs Wellcome & Co.
entire
MEDICAL
HISTORICAL
EQUIPMENTS
81
Dr. Kcettlitz, the Senior Medical Officer to the Expedition, reports
:
—
Discovery
The Medical Equipment Ship,
of the National
Antarctic Expedition
of
the
Antarctic
Discovery
Expedition,
Exploring
was
entirely
supplied by Messrs. Burroughs Wellcome & Co., mostly in the form of Tabloid,' Soloid and Enule preparations. '
'
'
'
'
The preparations proved, in every way, most satisfactory, and there was no deterioration of any of them, in spite of and temperature to which they were The few other drugs and preparations which were exposed. taken with the Expedition were only taken for purposes of
the conditions of climate
experiment.
The cases supplied by Burroughs Wellcome & Co. to us have also been found satisfactory the small leather one was very useful upon sledge journeys, being light and compact. The No. 250 Tabloid Case was used for some weeks at the ;
'
'
camp eleven miles north of the sliip, when the whole ship's company was engaged in sawing and blasting the ice, and it was found very convenient.
The
other cases were
useful
in
our cabins,
etc.,
for a
handy supply.
^^5^^ ship Mornijig was also provided with a Medical Eqtiipment, and the Medical Officer, Dr. George Davidson, sends the following report:
The
'
relief
Tabloid
'
—
Antarctic Relief Ship Morning wish very hcarlily to express my perfect satisfaction with the medical equipment which was supplied to the Antarctic I
Burroughs Wellcome & Co. was compact, yet complete, that everytiiing was just to hand, that during a period of two years and three months I was never at a loss to find just the medicine Relief
When
Ship
I
Morning by
say that
it
E*
82
MEDICAL
HISTORICAL
EQUIPMENTS
I wanted, and that without delay, I need say no more to emphasise the extraordinary convenience which a Tabloid and Soloid outfit is to a ship such as ours, whether at '
'
'
'
sea or in the
ice.
I
found the
'
Tabloid
'
and
'
Soloid
'
products to remain unchanged throughout the whole period of my commission, and to equal in efficacy the best medical to It use. is preparations I have yet had occasion impossible to realise without experience how much can be condensed by this mode of exhibition in a very small space. I
strongly advise all intending
to
explorers
Burroughs Wellcome & Co. for equipment, and they will not be disappointed. selves
to
From
Dr.
some
of
Edward Wilson,
also,
them-
betake their
who was
in
medical
charge
of the sledge journeys from the Discovery,
the following report has been received Discovery
Though
there
was
but
:
—
Antarctic Expedition
little
serious
illness
on
the
Discovery during the recent Antarctic Expedition, the Tabloid preparations and the cases were put to a fairly rigorous test, not only in the ship, but on the various '
'
that were undertaken, during which they temperatures as low as 68° below zero, and much rough handling, without any loss in efficiency and ' Tabloid usefulness. Certain of the Ophthalmics were
sledge journeys
experienced
'
freely used for
snow
blindness, and were found to be most
(T^
convenient.
artist and correspondent London Neivs, reports 'Tabloid' Medicine Case
Mr. Julius Price, the special of Arid desert
the
Illustrated
that he Carried his
and humid
over 30,ooo iiiiles through Arctic regions, across Siberia, through China, Japan and America. the severe wear and tear Despite ^ of this great journey, the case has suffered and the remaining contents are quite unaftected
Extreme heat and cold
little,
by exposure
.
to every variety of climate.
HISTORICAL
Two
tj^pical
appended
—
:
MEDICAL
reports on
'
83
EQUIPMENTS
Tabloid
'
Equipments are
Extract from the report of R. F. Rand, Esq., M.D., F.R.C.S.. Principal Medical Officer, British South Africa
Company
:
—
We
have had Burroughs Wellcome Chests, fitted with Tabloid medicines, '
the
occupation of inestimable service.
'
this
lS:
They
country.
Co.'s
"Congo"
in daily use during
Extract from the report of the late
have
of
proved
W. H. Crosse,
M.D., M.R.C.S., Principal Medical Officer, British Royal Niger Company :
All these
me
to speak
'
—
Tabloid
'
drugs are so good it is impossible more highly of one than another. They are
for all
of the very best quality, each drug is accurately described, reliable. To the traveller these preparations are simply invaluable, and I would strongly advise every one coming
and
out to
the
to
Tropics
get
a
full
supply
'
of
Tabloid
'
medicines.
Burroughs Wellcome & Co. have for many years made a special study of the requirements of 11
J-
1
•
•
,
and expeditions, not only ni respect of compactness, portability and permanence, but also in the selection of remedies necessary
travellers
study of
medicines suitable •
for*;every '^''" limate
combat the maladies prevalent in every clime, from the Arctic to the Antarctic. to
'Tabloid' Brand Medicine Cases contain, space, a
complete
extreme accuracy.
outfit
of pure
They can be
in a small drugs in doses of
carried in the pocket,
in the carriage or motor-car, or on the cycle, their contents being always ready for use in
cTsl'7fm'^^
are specially valuable to ^°^}^/'' the country practitioner, who is often called motor or upon to cover long distances, and who would experience great difficulty in carrying or obtaining
emergencies.
supplies
of
They
such
medicines
administer promptly, were and portability of 'Tabloid
it '
as
he
may
desire
to
not for the convenience
Brand Medicine Cases.
THE SMALLEST MEDICINE CHEST
THE WORLD
IN
This tiny gold medicine chest is fitted with twelve square medicine chest bottles containing 300 doses of Tabloid Brand Medicaments, equivalent to 15 pints of fluid medicine. '
'
HYPODERMIC
POCKET-CASES,
TABLOID
85
HYPODERMIC POCKET-CASES 'TABLOID' BRAND B.
[Si
W. &
Co.]
Special Designs, the property of Burroughs
Wellcome
&
Co.
The word 'Tabloid' is a brand which designates fine products issued by Burroughs Wellcome & Co. This brand should always be specified when ordering. Pocket -Cases provide complete hypodermic work. Primarily intended for emergency purposes, such essentials as compact^°'' ""^ ness and convenience in use have received the waistcoatrii lullest attention, and with unique result. full AArii pocket equipment of hypodermic drugs of utmost reliability and accuracy of dosage, together with syringe and needles, may, by means of a Tabloid Hypodermic Outfit, be carried 'Tabloid'
Hypodermic
armamentaria
for
i-i
•
'
'
easily in the waistcoat pocket.
Hypodermic gold,
and B.
in
W. &
'
Tabloid
3.
Brand Pocket-Cases are prepared
in
gun-metal,
Co. Hypodermic Syringe with needles, and from five Tabloid Brand Hypodermic products, etc. '
to fifteen tubes of
No.
'
nickel-plated metal, or aluminium, a great variety of fancy leathers. Each contains a
silver,
'
Hypodermic 'Tabloid' Brand
In
Pocket-Case
Cowhide,
and
other
Fitted of
'
Pigskin,
Morocco,
Crocodile,
fine
with twelve
Tabloid
products,
Seal
leathers.
tubes
'
R.
Hypodermic
W. &
Co.
patent nickel-plated hypo-
dermic
syringe,
and two
regular steel needles.
No.
3.
Hypodermic 'Tabloid' Kkand Pocket-Case 3j X 2j X f in.
Measurements
:
MODERN
86
MEDICAL
EQUIPMENTS
Hypoderamc 'Tabloid Brand Pocket-Case '
No.
7.
with
special detach-
able aseptic frame of novel design, and re-
volving rack (nickelplated}. Fitted with
twelve
tubes
of
'Tabloid' Hypodermic products, nickelplated
syringe,
and
exploring
one
two
regular steel needles. This Case, after the
removal of the tubes of
Hypodermic
ducts,
No.
i^^d
Hypodermic 'Tabloid' Brand 7 Pocket-Case Measm-ements 3j X 3j X ^ in.
nium, or
Aseptic Hypodermic 'Tabloid'
10.
pro-
steril-
In
Alumi-
Gun-metal,
:
No.
be
may
^'"h ease.
Silver.
Brand
Pocket-Case This Case
is
a model of compact completeness.
It is
made
of nickel-
plated metal, each edge and corner being smoothly rounded. It contains the B. W. & Co. All-Glass
Aseptic Hypodermic Syringe, with detachable nickelplated finger-grip, and two regular steel needles. Each part of the syringe
a holdfast
is
separately held in
clip.
The tubes
of 'Tabloid'
dermic products, are
carried
in
Hypo-
five in
a
number, hinged rack,
which securely holds them when the case is closed, and which.
No. lo. Aseptic Hypodermic 'Tabloid' Brand Pocket-Case ,
Measuremeuts
No.
21.
:
2^
X
,-
If
,
.
X J m.
when swung outwards,
allows of
the easy withdrawal of the desired tube. Complete in doeskin cover.
Hypodermic 'Tabloid' Brand Pocket-Case
Fitted with nine tubes of Tabloid 4 X 3J X ij in. Hypodermic products, nickel-plated hypodermic syringe with two steel
Measurements
'
'
:
and capped, for sterilised water, In Morocco and other fine leathers.
needles, a small phial, glass-stoppered
capsule of ether, etc.
'
HYPODERMIC
No.
23.
POCKET-CASES,
TAP.LOID
'
BRAND
87
Brand
Aseptic Hypodermic 'Tabloid
Pocket-Case In Gun-metal, or
nium, .special
Alumi-
Silver,
with
detachable nickel-
plated aseptic frame and
revolving rack.
same
Contents
as those of
No.
21
Case, with the addition of a steel e.xploring needle.
This
the
after
Case,
removal of the tubes of '
No.
23.
Aseptic Hypodermic 'Tabloid'
Brand
Poci-cet-Case Measureraeuts 3^ X 3i X f
32.
32.
be
steril-
iiJ
Aseptic Hypodermic 'Tabloid' Brand
Pocket-Case
No.
Hypodermic
may
ised with ease.
:
No.
Tabloid
products,
'
(The Mussel Shell)
closed OPEN Aseptic Hypodermic 'Tabloid' Brand Pocket-Case (The Mussel Shell) MeasurementB 3^ X if X f in:
of nickel-plated metal, occupies very little space, and is conveniently Fitted with nickel-plated hypodermic syringe, shaped for the pocket. one exploring and two regular steel needles, and five tubes of 'Tabloid' Hypodermic products. This Case is also supplied fitted with the B. W. & Co.
Made
Hypodermic Syringe, etc., with or without 'Tabloid' Hypodermic products. Complete in leather or doeskin cover. Can be
All-Glass Aseptic fitted
with silver syringe.
MODERN
MEDICAL
ophthalmic
EQUIPMENTS
pocket-cases
'Tabloid' Brand [iu
B.
W. &
Co.]
Special Designs, the property of Burroughs
The word 'Tabloid'
&
Wellcome
Co.
a brand which designates fine products This brand should always issued by Burroughs Wellcome Co. be specified when ordering. is
&
'
Ophthalmic Pocket-Cases are the most compact and complete equipments for ophthalmic work. In space of two or three cubic inches they contain supplies of active and accurately-divided ophthalmic
Tabloid
two fingers
'
'^
drugs, solution dropper, camel-hair brushes, etc.
No.
Aseptic Ophthalmic 'Tabloid' Brand
91.
Pocket-Case In nickel-plated metal.
with nine tubes of '
Soloid
in
'
Fitted
Tabloid
'
and
'
Ophthalmic
nickel-plated
products, solution
rack,
dropper, mortar, pestle, vulcanite rod,
^
BURnOUCMS WELLCOME R C° TflBLOiD'caawo OPHTHALMIC CASE.
No. '
the
contents,
may
be sterilised
Aseptic Ophth.\lmic
Qi.
'
T.\BLOiD Br.^nd Pocket-Case Measurements 2^ X Ij X f in. :
No.
and two camel-hair brushes.
This Case, after the removal of
92.
with ease.
doeskin
in
Complete
cover.
Aseptic Ophthalmic 'Tabloid' Brand
Pocket-Case
(The Mussel Shell) Fitted with
In nickel-plated metal.
seven tubes of 'Tabloid' Ophthalmic products,
mortar,
hair brushes. cover.
case
No. 92. Aseptic Ophthalmic 'Tabloid' Brand Pocket-Case {The Mussel Shell) Measurements 2^ X ^ X f in. :
1
and two camel-
Enclosed
The shape and make it specially
carrying
in
After removal
the of
Case can be readily
vulcanite
pestle,
rod, solution dropper
in
a doeskin
size
of this
suitable for
waistcoat
pocket
the contents, sterilised.
the
HYPODERMIC AND OPHTHALMIC POCKET-CASES,
'
'
TABLOID
BP.AND
89
hypodermic and ophthalmic Pocket-Cases 'tabloid' brand W. &
[S B. No.
so.
Co.]
Hypodermic and Ophthalmic 'Tabloid' Brand Pocket-Case (The "British
Army
Regulation In teen
")
Aluminium, tubes
'
of
Contains
Tabloid
si.x-
'
Hypo-
dermic products, eleven tubes of '
T.ibloid
'
Ophthalmic products,
two camel-hair brushes, a pair of minute
No.
80.
and
forceps,
giving a
summary
uses of the products.
Hypodermic and OphthalBrand Pocket-Case
carried
mic 'Tabloid' " Bj-itish
(T/ie Army Regulation ") MeaaareirpeutE
for
the chief
Being easily
the waistcoat pocket,
in
Case
this
booklet
a
of
is
extremely well adapted
emergency
use.
MEDICINE POCKET-GASES 'TABLOID' BRAND [s B. W.
&
Co.]
Special Designs, the property of Burroughs
Wellcome
&
Co.
The word 'Tabloid' is a brand which designates fine products issued by Burroughs Wellcome & Co. This brand should always be specified when ordering. 'Tabloid' Medicine of pure, accurate
Pocket-Cases are compact equipments ready for administration, into
active drugs, divided, doses. They enalale
pliysicians
to
liave
always with them an equipment of reliable medicines Tabloid Pocket-Cases specially for emeroency use. '
p emergen-
'
are recognised as an essential in the physician's
equipment
for
country districts and when travelling.
When
weighing and measuring are impossible, and wiien the is impracticable, the convenience and the extreme portability of 'Tabloid' Medicine Pocket-Cases, which carriage of liquids
enable the physician to dispense emergency medicines at the lime of his visit, will be fully appreciated.
MODEKN'
90
No.
115.
MEDICAL
EQUIPMENTS
'Tabloid' Brand Medicine Pocket-Case Contains ten i
oz.
with
filled
phials
'
Tabloid Brand pro-
'
In Seal,
ducts, etc.
Cowhide,
Pigskin,
Morocco and other fine leathers.
'Tabloid' Brand Medicine Pocket-Case Meaauretaents S| X 3 J X li in
No.
No.
115.
117.
'Tabloid' Brand Medicine Pocket-Case This
Case
sive than the It
of
somewhat
is
and more comprehen-
larger
No. 115 Case.
contains sixteen joz. phials '
Tabloid
etc.
In
'
Brand products,
Cowhide, Pigskin,
Morocco
Crocodile,
and
other fine leathers.
No.
117.
'Tabloid' Brand Medicine
Pocket-Case X 7^ X
Measui-ements
No.
124.
;
-i
3
ixi
.
'Tabloid' Brand Medicine Pocket-Case Fitted with from si.xteen to
twenty-four tubes of Tabloid
Brand
products,
to size of products.
Crocodile,
veniently breast
No.
124.
'Tabloid' Brand Medicine
Pocket-Case 5^ X 4 X
Measurements
:
This Case was
designed carrying
pocket,
on
for in
conthe
ordinary
occasions, a stock of medicines sufficient to
I5 in
In Seal,
Morocco and other
fine leathers.
specially
'
according
meet a variety of
circumstances.
MEDICINE
No.
125.
POCKET-CASES,
BRAND
TABLOID
91
'Tabloid' Brand Medicine Pocket-Case Specially fitted
for
emer-
gency purposes with fourteen tubes of Tabloid Brand pro'
'
ducts,
and a removable tray
containing an equipment of
twelve
tubes
of
'
Tabloid
'
Hypodermic products, B. W. & Co. nickel-plated hypodermic syringe and two
^^^^ No.
125.
regular
Pocket-Case Measurements 5iy X X :
No.
Cowhide
'Tabloid' Brand Medicine
141.
No.
*i
steel
and
needles.
other
In fine
leathers. 1^ in.
'Tabloid' Brand Medicine Pocket-Case
141.
'Tahloid' Brand Medicine Pocket-Case Measurements: 7j X
)
X
2j
in.
'
In Morocco leather. Fitted with fifteen A oz. phials of 'Tabloid Brand products, and a leather-covered metal compartment, containing small boxes for the physician's use in distributing the contents of the Case. Similar in design to No. 117 Case.
MODERN
92
MEDICAL
EQUIPMENTS
CYCLE- AND CARRIAGE-CASES, MEDICAL
equipment chests, etc. 'Tabloid' Brand [^
B.
w. &
Co.]
Special Designs, the property of Burroughs
The word
'Tabloid'
&
Wellcome
Co.
a brand which designates fine products issued by Burroughs Wellcome & Co. This brand should always be specified when ordering. is
'
'
Tabloid Cycle- and Carriage-Cases and Medical Equipment Chests contain 'Tabloid,' Soloid and other fine products of ^' ^^' ^ ^°"' "''^""'' surgical instruments and sundry For '
'
A
emergency dressings.
general
'^°
^'^^^^
*'^^
tion'e'rs
great
is
variety
requirements of medical
prepared
men
in
home
according to the extent and the special their needs. For those who cycle, cases are
practice,
character
of
made in various designs, one for attaching to the handle-bar of the cycle, another for attaching to the stay-bar, and others for the pocket. '
'
Tabloid
Medical Equipment Chests and Cases provide com-
plete portable dispensaries for practitioners in distant stations, missionaries, explorers and expeditions of all kinds, physicians, explorers,
^^"^ ^^'^^'^ purposes they are the only really satisfactory form of medical equipment, and have been adopted
'
In addition to full supplies of accuratelyuniversally. dosed, permanent and reliable drugs, these equipments contain minor surgical instruments and dressings.
^c.^^°
No.
'Tabloid' Brand Medicine Saddle-Case
137.
In Cowhide or Pigskin. -
^.H--.:^-
'Xf^-
--
iiieHts
-
^r.=r,\
in
the
!
7J
L.
Br.ind is
No.
'Tabloid- BR.^ND Medicine Saddle-Case 137.
2|
MeasureFitted
lu.
same way as No. 117 Case
with sixteen i ?v
4^ X
X
oz.
products,
phials of etc.
'
Tabloid
(This
'
Case
also supplied fitted with feather-
^^'=h'
'"''^'-
IVIeasurements
:
^o.
139
7J X 4* X 2J
Case. in.)
No.
200.
MEDICINE
ETC.,
CYCLE,
TABLOID
CASES,
BRAND
93
Physician's Cycle Handle-Bar 'Tabloid'
Brand Medicine Case
No.
Physician's Cycle
200.
Handle-Bar 'Tabloid' Brand
Medicine Case Measurements 8i X 2^ X 4J in. Fitted In black enamelled Cowhide. minor surgical complete with nine i oz. phials of Tabloid Brand products, Weight, empty, SJ oz. ; instruments and sundry emergency dressings. full, about ih lb. :
'
'
No.
202.
Physicians Cycle Stay-Bar 'Tabloid' Brand Medicine Case
Measurements : 10 X 2J X 5 in. Fitted In black enamelled Cowhide. complete with twelve k oz. phials of Tabloid Brand products, minor Similar in design to No. 200 Case. surgic.1l instruments and dressings. '
No. In
20 9.
Morocco
'
'Tabloid' Brand Medicine Case
leather,
Cowhide
or Pigskin.
Measurements
:
10
X
5
X
Contains nine i oz., twenty-four i oz. and thirteen 2 dr. phials of 'Tabloid' and 'Soloid' Brand products; medicine measure, e.xtra pockets, and loops for instruments; twelve tubes of 'Tabloid' Hypodermic
6i
in.
products, B.
W. &
steel needles, etc.
Co. nickel-plated hypodermic syringe, two regular
MODERN
94
No. In
EQUIPMENTS
'Tabloid' Brand Medicine Case
219.
Morocco
MEDICAL
Measurements 13^ x 6 X 6i in. Metal frame. Contains eight 2 oz. stoppered, ten i oz., twelve 6 dr., eight 4 dr. and ten 2 dr. corked phials. The rows of phials are arranged to fall so as to show the labels. Fitted with 'Tabloid' and 'Soloid' Brand products, twelve tubes of 'Tabloid' Hypodermic products, B. W. & Co. nickel-plated leather.
:
hypodermic syringe, with two regular
No.
208.
No.
Made durable.
Brand .Medicine Chest
'Tabloid'
208.
'
Tabloid
steel needles, etc.
'
Brand Medicine Chest
of dressed and varnished
Raw-hide very light, portable and Measurements: 15J X si x 9 in. Fitted with twelve 4 oz. Soloid Brand products, minor surgical '
'
stoppered bottles of Tabloid and instruments and dressings, etc.
'
;
'
A similar chest is also made in a smaller size (No. 206 Chest—as by Mr. Thos. Stevens). Measurements: 14^- x 4J X 7^ in. Fitted with twelve 2i oz. stoppered bottles of 'Tabloid' and 'Soloid' Brand carried
products, etc.
No. In
2 20.
Morocco
'Tabloid'
Brand Medicine Case
leather or Cowhide.
Measurements 14 X 5^ X gj in. Phials arranged in tiers to display labels. Contains eight 2 oz. stoppered, twelve I oz., fourteen 6 dr. and sixteen 4 dr. phials of 'Tabloid' and 'Soloid' Brand products, twelve tubes of 'Tabloid' Hypodermic products, B. W. & Co. nickel-plated hypodermic syringe, two regular steel needles, space and loops for instruments,
etc.
:
Similar in design to No. 221 Case.
MEDICINE
No.
221.
No.
'
CASES,
TABLOID
'
BRAND
95
'Tabloid' Brand Medicine Case
'Tabloid' Brand Medicine Case
221.
Mea.surements In extra finish Cowhide, Morocco, Crocodile or Pigskin. with the Fitted in the same way as No. 220 Case, 14 X si X 9^ in. Soloid Brand products, addition of nine 2 dr. phials of 'Tabloid' and
:
'
'
and a glass-stoppered and capped ether
No.
230.
'Tabloid'
bottle.
Brand Medicine Case A or
Morocco leather Cowhide case,
which, when closed,
measures 8 X 5J X Fitted with 2J in.
of phials and 'Tabloid'
ten '
Soloid
ducts,
'
Brand prominor surgi-
instruments and
cal
dre.ssings. It provides a small but very comprehenand medical
sive
surgical outfit.
The
will
find
physician this
an
serviceable
a
No.
'
230,
Tabloid
'
Hkand Medicine Case
beyond the reach of professional trunk or bag.
aid.
patient
extremely case
for
travelling at
where abroad, he may times
be
for
in
Conveniently shaped
packing
MODERN
96
No.
MEDICAL
EQUIPMENTS
'Tabloid' Brand Medicine Case
231.
(As suggested by Sir
W. Moore) black japanned
In
metal.
Measurements X 3 in. Contains
:
loj X 75
corked phials, and one 4 oz. corked bottle minor surgical instruments and dressings. Complete with Tabloid fifteen i oz.
;
'
'
Brand products, recommended
as
Sir
etc.,
in
W. Moore's Manual
oj Family Medicine for India. Weight, about 6
No.
No.
lb.
14 oz.
'Tabloid' Brand Medicine Case
2^1.
'Tabloid' Brand Medicine Chest
254.
In metal. japanned Measurements gj X 7 X 6 J in. Contains
sise^i^ I
(The Indian)
:
sixteen
i
oz.
ij
glass-
stoppered bottles, and six 4 dr. phials of Tabloid
'
'
and
'
Soloid
and
tray
sundry
'
Brand
instruments
products,
carrying
dressings,
Weight about 12 As carried by the G.
W.
etc. lb.
late
Steevens, the war
correspondent.
No.
254.
'Tabloid' Brand Medicine Chest
(The Indian)
No.
'Tabloid' Brand Medicine Case
227.
Cowhide or Pigskin. Measurements 6J X 3J x 3 metal cups and frames covered with leather. Arranged In
I J dr.,
:
twelve
i
Brand products.
in.
Made
of two
to contain twenty and fourteen A dr. tubes of 'Tabloid' and 'Soloid' Weight, about 2 lb. 6 oz.
dr.
MEDICINE
No.
CASES,
'Tabloid'
229.
TABLOID
BRAND
97
Brand Medicine Case
Measurements 8|- x 5j x 3! in. Made of two metal cups and frames covered with Cowhide. Arranged to contain forty 4 dr. phials of Tabloid and Soloid' Brand products. Weight, about 4 lb. 13 oz. :
'
'
'
No.
250.
'Tabloid'
(As supplied to the
late
Sir
Brand Medicine Chest
H. M. Stanley, Emin Pasha, Military
Expeditions, Missionaries, etc.)
No.
250.
'Tabloid' Brand Medicine Chest
Measurements 15J X loi X 8j in. Contains si.\ 5 oz. and thirty 3^ oz. glass-stoppered bottles of 'Tabloid,' '.Soloid' and other fine products of B. W. & Co., in movable teak-wood tray. The lid (in two sections) is arranged to hold supplies of 'Tabloid' Bandages and Dressings, minor surgical instruments and other accessories. In japanned sheet-steel.
Weight, when
fitted,
about 40
:
lb.
This Chest, and No. 251 Chest, are the standard etiuipments for large expeditions and stations.
No.
251.
'Tabloid'
Brand Medicine Chest
Jackson-Harmsworth Polar Expedition, The National Antarctic Expedition, etc.)
(As supplied to the
Contains forty In Aluminium. Measurements : 15J X loi X 8} in. 3A oz. feather-weight bottles of 'Tabloid,' 'Soloid' and other fine products W. In other respects it is fitted in the same way as the Co.
of B.
&
No. 250 Chest.
Weight, when complete, about 27
lb.
F
MODERN MEDICAL EQUIPMENTS
No.
256.
'Tabloid' Brand Medicine Chest
(As supplied to the
Duke of the
Abruzzi's Polar Expedition)
Fitted with eighteen 6 X ji in. Brand products, Soloid 3* oz. feather-weight tubes of 'Tabloid' and and a tray containing minor dressings and sundries. In Aluminium.
Measurements
:
loi
X
'
'
A similar chest is supplied in black japanned metal, and is known as No. 255 Chest. The contents are the same as No. 256 Chest, with the are in glassexception that the Tabloid and Soloid Brand products '
'
'
'
stoppered bottles.
No.
'Tabloid' Brand Medicine Case
258.
(The Settler's)
black japanned metal.
In
Measurements 5I
in.
i|1'tabloid'_
_
X 4J X
8i
:
Contains twelve li '
of
bottles
Tabloid
'
oz.
and
1
'
'
Soloid
'
Hazeline
Brand '
products, '
'
Cream, Tabloid and Dressings, Bandages adhesive plaster and other accessories.
and
A
very compact
useful case, adapted for
settlers' or planters' use,
stations, farms
for in
No.
258.
outlying
or
and
camps
districts.
'Tabloid' Brand jNIedicine Case
(The Settlers)
No.
'Tabloid' Brand Medicine Case {now known
259.
as No. 715
'Tabloid' Brand First-Aid)
(See J>ages 103
No.
700.
and 231)
'Tabloid' Brand Emergency Belt
Measurements: 43 X 4I
in.,
with buckles and shoulder straps; seven
Aluminium case of surgical waterproof pouches, fitted as follows instruments aluminium case containing Hypodermic Syringe and Tabloid Tabloid twenty-three feather-weight tubes of HiTJodermic products and 'Soloid' Brand products; combined mortar and medicine cup; :
'
'
;
'
;
emergency
dressings, etc.
'
'
ANALYSIS
CASES,
SOLOID
BRAND
'
99
ANTIDOTE CASE 'TABLOID' [s B.
W. &
BRAND Co.]
&
Wellcome
Special Design, the property of Burroughs
Co.
a brand which designates fine products issued by Burroug-hs Wellcome & Co. This brand should always
The word 'Tabloid' when
be specified
is
ordering.
A
and drugs compact equipment, containing apparatus of poisoning. ready for immediate use in the treatment No.
300.
'Tabloid' Brand Antidotk Case Measurements: 12 X 6 X 3 in. with stomach syphon-
Fitted
tube, catheter, nickel - plated '
Tabloid
'
'
'
Amyl Vaporole and toxicological
Nitrite,
also
;
and
hials '
'
Tabloid
Co.
hypodermic
needles, Hypodermic pro-
ducts,
chart
W. &
B.
two
syringe,
eighteen A oz. tubes of
three
Brand
antidotes,
etc., etc.
No.
-JOO.
'Tabloid' Kkanu Antidote
Case
ANALYSIS CASES 'SOLOID' BRAND [ffi
.Special Designs, the
B.
W. &
Co.]
property of Burroughs Wellcome
&
Co.
a brand which designates fine products issued by Burroughs Wellcome & Co. This brand should always be specified when ordering.
The word
'
Soloid
No. 510.
The
'
is
'Soloid' Bkanu Ukine Test Case
importance of urine analysis is full}' recognised. Tliis case provides, in a most compact and conUrine r the re([Uiremenls lor making an analysis venient form, clinical
.
•
1
examination of urine at the bedside. Owing to j^e'tedsWe' iheir purity and accuracy, the 'Soloid' Brand products contained in this case make reliable test solutions without further weighing.
MODERN
100
In
nickel-plated
metal,
MEDICAL
which
is
EQUIPMENTS
easily
kept
aseptic.
a
It
contains set
complete
materials for
of
making an
examination of urine, both qualitative and quantitative,
for
albu-
The min, sugar, etc. outfit includes a urinoEsbach's albuminimeter, a graduated
meter,
measure, pipette, tubes and stand,
testtest-
lamp, analysis charts, and a good supply of the everpapers,
spirit
ready 'Soloid' reagents,
No.
'
510.
'
Soloid
Brand Urine Test
Case
m
includingFehling'sTest, Picric Test, Indigo Acid, Potassium Ferro-
Citric and Sj X 2j X ij cyanide also be obtained separately. portion of the apparatus can Complete in doeskin cover.
Measurements
:
Each
Acid.
No.
'Soloid' Brand
500.
Water Analysis Case
This convenient hand-case supplies the apparatus, reagents, of drinkingetc., necessary for examining samples Water at the source of supply, and for drawing up i^tantiy at source water ^^^ ^^^^^^ Concerning suitability of the reports
for
domestic purposes.
Measurements 122 x It conloj X 4I in. ".
tains a nickel evaporat-
Erlenmeyer
dish,
ing
flask,tripod, spirit lamp,
looc.c.
and other gradu-
ated cylinders, capsules Nessler's Soloid of 'Soloid' Solution, of Brand products '
'
RI e t a - p h e n y 1 e n e diamine Sulphate, Po
tassium Chromate, Potassium ni d e
,
P
Ferrocyao
tassium
Permanganate,
Silver
Nitrate, Soap,
Sodium
Acid Dust,
Sulphate,
Zinc
No.
Soloid' Brand Water Analysis Case and other examples sent on request
500.
etc.
Fulie, particulars 0/ these
BACTERIOLOGICAL
'
CASE,
SOLOID
BRAND
'
101
BACTERIOLOGICAL CASE 'SOLOID' BRAND [Hi
B.
W. &
Co.]
Special Design, the property of Burroughs
Wellcome
&
Co.
a brand which designates fine products issued by Burroughs Wellcome & Co. This brand should always be specified when ordering.
The word
No. 505.
No.
'
Soloid
'
is
'Soloid' Brand Bacteriological Case
505.
BkAND BACrtKIOLOGICAL CaSE
SliLOID
iyIeaaurecaeut-3
:
5
X
3^
X
l| in-
This case enables medical men to carry out examinations that to laboratory workers. Owing fcjrmerly were usually submitted to its small size and light weight it can readily be carried in the to obtain a blood specimen or pocket to the patient's bedside,
The
a throat swab.
case
kept aseptic, and contains Three stoppered
is :
bottles, contain-
A A
dr. li
Absolute alcohol, .\
of nickel-plated metal, easily
dr. ih
Distilled water, dr. li rod-stoppered bottle of
graduated pipette
Cover-glass forceps Dissection forceps
Twelve
microscopic slides
A spirit lamp A glass funnel Two watch glasses A packet of filter papers
9)
supply of blood-collecting pipettes
Fifty cover-slips
Canada
A glass rod
for
powdering micro-
scopic stains, etc.
balsam .•\
metal case of needles (straight
No.
ing:— Methyl alcohol,
made
—
A A
sterile
swab
tube
each
'
Soloid
'
of stains
the :
—
following
Eosin, Methyl Violet, Fuchsine, Romanowsky .Stain, Eosin-
Methylene Blue, Methylene Haematoxylin (Dela-
Blue,
field),
Toison Blood Fluid.
MODERN
102
MEDICAL
EQUIPMENTS
'TABLOID' BRAND FlRST-AlD (For Automobiles, Airships, Yachts, Caravans, ETC.)
[S B. W.
&
Co.]
Special Designs, the property of Burroughs
Wellcome
&
Co.
The word 'Tabloid' is a brand which designates fine products issued by Burroug'hs Wellcome & Co. This brand should always be specified when ordering. These equipments provide compact, complete outfits of emergency medicines, dressings and first-aid accessories. Portable and convenient, they comprise an ideal outfit for motorists, cyclists, aeronauts, yachtsmen and explorers.
'Tabloid' Brand First-Aid
No. 707.
In rex
red,
Brewster
blue or
royal
enamelled
green
metal, or in aluminised metal.
Measurements Contains '
Tabloid
:
6J
six '
X 3J X
2 in.
tubes
of
and
Brand products,
Aromatic
'
Soloid
'
'
'
Vaporole
Ammonia,
'Borofax,' Carron Oil, '
Tabloid
'
Bandages
and
Dressings, plaster, protective
No.
'
707.
Tabloid
No. 712.
'
Bkand First-Aid
slcin, pins, etc., etc.
'Tabloid' Brand First-Aid In rex red, royal blue or
Brewster
enamelled
green
metal, or in aluminised metal.
Measurements Contains '
Tabloid
lirand
6A
products,
'Borofax,' Tabloid
x 4j X tubes '
and
Aromatic '
:
six '
2 in.
of
Soloid
'
'Vaporole'
Ammonia, Carron
'
Bandages
Oil, and
Dressings, plaster, protective
No.
712.
'Tabloid' Br.\nd First-Aid
skin, pins, etc., etc.
(Sfe also page 230)
No. 702.
No.
'
Tabloid
702.
'
103
BRAND
TABLOID
FIRST-AID,
Brand First-Aid
'Tabloid' Brand First-Aid
Measure-
leather. In rex red, royal blue or Brewster green enamelled
'
'
Contains eight tubes of 'Tabloid' and Soloid in. 7 X si X 2I Brand products, Vaporole Aromatic Ammonia, Borofax,' Hazeline and Dressings, Carron Oil, 'Tabloid' Bandages Cream, .Sal Volatile,
ments:
'
tourniquet,
gutta-percha tissue,
plaster,
protective
'
'
'
'
.skin,
sci.=iSors,
pins,
etc., etc.
No. 715.
'Tabloid' Brand First-Aid
[Formerly knoivn as No. 259.
'Tabloid' Brand
Medicink Case In rex red, royal blue or
Brewster green enamelled metal, or
or
aluminised
in
black japanned metal.
Measurements 2 in.
75
:
X 4i X
Contains eight tubes
of 'Tabloid' and '
'Soloid'
Brand products, Vaporole
Aromatic '
Borofax,'
Carron
'
Ammonia, Sal
Oil,
Bandages and
Volatile,
'Tabloid' Dressings,
gutta-percha tissue, plaster,
No.
715.
'Tabloid' Brand
First-Aid
(See also page 231J
[irotective
.skin,
pins, etc., etc.
scissors,
The word written
in
To when
'
should always
ensure
to
W, &
Tabloid
Wellcome
Tabloid
full
genuine B. '
'
the
of
supply
Co. products.
means " issued by Burroughs
'
&
Co." '
any contraction of Tabloid,' Tabloid is intended, introduces an
write '
be
'
element of doubt.
Behind the brand 'Tabloid' are years of reand endeavour the whole
—
search, experience
foundation of Burrouijhs Wellcome
&
Co.'s
reputation.
When
'
Tabloid
'
is
written
it
matters not in what part of the world the prescription is dispensed, the patient will receive the
varying tional
same genuine products of un-
activity
accuracy
compounded with excepfrom
ingredients
of
the
highest stanciard of purity. It
is
best and
safest,
the full word, thus
—
therefore, to write
iu
^p rz/\xn
r-7/\v~i els'
FORMULARY R
1 M
'
OF
FOKMUI.ARY
106
Brockedon
'
FINE
PRODUCTS
Products
Burroughs Wellcome & Co.
are the successors to,
and
sole
BROCKEDON, who, ORIGINATED COMPRESSED MEDICINES
proprietors
of,
the business of
1842, the shape of bi-convex discs
Compressed
of '
Brockedon
'
—issued
,,
,,
,,
in
under the designation
Pills.
Brand Bicarbonate of Soda,
?j
in
,,
Chlorate
in
boxes of three
,,
rotass
,,
,,
,,
,,
,,
,,
sizes
Chemicals, 'Wellcome' Brand (secfagei^j)
CHESTS AND CASES A comprehensive
(B.
W. &
Co.)
and cases are prepared and issued under the 'Tabloid' and 'Soloid' Brands, fitted with medicines for every variety of climate, from the fullyselection of chests
equipped chests containing supplies
medical
sufficient for
officers
to expeditions, etc., down to the compact pocket-cases suited to the needs of the private practitioner.
Analysis Cases, 'Soloid' Brand
(sec
Brand
(see
Antidote Case,
'
Tabloid
Antiseptic Cases,
'
'
_
"^Ergotoxine ^
f Ergotoxine
...
\ Morphine Sulphate f
f
Ergotoxine
...
...
\_Strychnine Sulphate... Eserine (see Physostiguiinc)
*Eucaine Hydrochloride
*Eucaine Lactate
Homatropine Hydrochloride Hydrargyri Perchloridi
Hydrargyri Succinimidi
Hyoscine Hydrobromide
'Hyoscine Compound,
^
A
Hyoscinae Hydrobromidi
Morphine
Sulphatis AtropinaE Sulphatis
"Hyo.scine IJ:
... ...
Compound, B
Hyoscinai Hydrobromidi Morphinai .Sulphatis ... Atropina; -Sulphatis
*Hyoscyamine Sulphate
...
117
CO.
DOSE
FORMULARY OF
118
FINE
PRODUCTS
Hypodermic Products. 'Tabloid' Brand —continu
PREPARATION
'TABLOID'
BRAND
(Hypodermic)— „
Morphine Hydrochloride
^
Morphine Hydrochloride Atropine Sulphate ...
f (^
/Morphine Hydrochloride \Atropine Sulphate Morphine Meconate
Morphine Sulphate
(
Morphine Sulphate
\ Atropine Sulphate f \^
Morphine Sulphate Atropine Sulphate
(Morphine Sulphate 1^
Atropine Sulphate
(Morphine Sulphate ^^
Atropine Sulphate
(Morphine Sulphate \Atropine Sulphate
...
BY
ISSUED
B.
AND
\V.
119
CO.
Hypodermic Products. 'Tabloid' Brand— cotUinueii
DOSE
STRENGTH
PREPARATION
'TABLOID'
BRAND
(Hypodermic) f
"
\
"
Morphine Sulphate Atropine Sulphate
("Morphine Sulphate (^Atropine Sulphate
^
1/3
..
..
err.
..
yy.
" ,,
Morphine Tartrate
J
SI
1/4
)
gr.
1/60
j
gr.
of
required strength
1/2
i/ioo
..
/Morphine Sulphate .. \ Strychnine Sulphate
One
1/60
One gr. i/8togr. 1/4
1/4
(increased)
Physostigmine Salicylate (Eserine gr.
Salicylate)
Physostigmine Salicylate (Eserine o-ooo'; 0-0005 gm. Salicylate Picrotoxin
..
gr.
i/ioo
i/iool gr-
1/60
i/ioo
gr.
...o-ooi
gm.
gr.
i/io
gr-
1/6
gr-
1/3
gr-
1/2
to
1/25
gr-
Pilocarpine Hydrochloride Pilocarpine Nitrate
to
1/25
£1" j
j
One 1/20
grcr.
to
1/2
o-oi gm*
Potassium Permanganate
..
er. 2
I
to gr. 5
I
to gr. 5
*Quinine Bihydrochloride *
r
*
*Quinine Bisulphate *Quinine Hydrobromide «
*
*Sparteine Sulphate
Strophanthin
...
Strychnine Hydrocli «1
5)
120
FORMULARY OF
Hypodermic Products, 'Tabloid'
FINE
PRODUCTS
BY
ISSUED
AND
W.
B.
121
CO.
'Kepler' Malt Extract and Combinations— coniituted '
Kepler
'
Malt Extract —contimted
Ditto with Cascara Sagrada Each fluid ounce contains extract of cascara sagrada,
Ditto with Each
Chemical Food fluid
ounce
sodium
;
2
iron
contains
phosphate, gr. 3 phosphate, gr. 1/4
gr. 6
(Phosphates Compoiind) phosphate, gr. phosphate, gr. 1/4
;
calcium potassium
;
Ditto with H.-EMOGLOBIN Ditto with Hypophosi'HITES Each fluid ounce contains calcium hypophosphite, gr. S potassium hypophosphite, gr. 4 sodium, hypophosphite, gr. 4 ;
;
Ditto with Iron Each fluid ounce contains soluble
iron pyrophosphate, gr. 4
Ditto with Iron and Quinine Citrate Each fluid ounce contains iron and quinine citrate,
Ditto with Iron Iodide Each fluid ounce contains Ditto with Iron,
Each
fluid
Quinine and Strychnine
ounce
phosphate,
gr. 7-1/2
iron iodide, gr. 2
(Easton)
contains
gr. 3/8
iron phosphate, gr. 1/2 strychnine phosphate, gr. 1/64
;
Ditto with Pepsin Each fluid ounce contains pure pepsin,
;
quinine
gr. 4
Ditto with Pepsin and Pancreatin Each fluid ounce contains pure pepsin and pure pancreatin, of each gr- 4
Ditto with
Each '
Phosphorus
fluid
ounce contains pure phosphorus,
gr. 1/64
Solution (of Cod Liver Oil in Malt Extract) Cod Liver Oil the premier fatty food. It is unequalled
Kepler
'
—
i.s
power of supplying readiness with which it for its
enables the tissues to
fat to is
live
the body, and for the
oxidised.
Moreover,
and develop,
waste, and great usefulness of cod liver
to
it
repair
to effectively resist disease.
The
oil
has been largely
—
discounted by the unpleasant effects nausea, eructawhich often follow tions and alimentary disturbance
—
'
the administration of even the purest oil. Malt Extract Kepler' Solution of Cod Liver Oil in uni(jue in its palatability
pleteness with which purest extract.
cod
liver
The
oil oil
it is
and
in
incorporated in is
is
the ease and com-
assimilated.
thoroughly
presents the the best mall It
diffused
ihc
in
G
122
FORMULARY OF
'
Kepler
'
FINE
PRODUCTS
Malt Extract and Combinations—cwi^i«?ic)
...
...
Nasal, Alkaline 'Sf,
25
25
Com-
Compound
5; Sodii Bicarbonatis
Acidi Carbolici Boracis ...
'
'
Nasal,
gr. 5 gr. 1/2 gr. 5
... ...
Com-
Eucalyptia
pound 5; Sodii Bicarbonatis Boracis Sodii Benzoatis ... Sodii Salicylatis ...
Eucalyptol
...
Thymol Menthol
...
01. Gaultheriae
gr. gr. gr. gr.
8
8 1/3 1/3
min. 1/6
...
gr. 1/6 gr. 1/12
...
min. 1/12
Nasal, Phenol Compound ]J Sodii Bicarbonatis
Acidi Carbolici Sodii Chloridi '
Soloid
'
Brand
...
...
...
25
gr. 12 gr. 1-1/2 gr. 2
Prodtuts are also issued in
bottles
with the exception of those put up in tubes
of 500,
ISSUED
'
Soloid
'
BY
B.
W.
Brand Products— coniinuerf
AND
CO.
139
140
FORMULARY
'Soloid' Brand Products
OF
FINE
— continued
'SOLOID' BRAND — , ,
PRODUCTS
STRENGTH
Saline Compound, No. of 12
2,
tubes
0-05 0-05 •2-25
gm. gm. gm.
0-025 gm0-25 gm.
gr-
ISSUED
BY
B.
W.
AND
141
CO.
'SOLOID' BRAND PRODUCTS FOR
TESTING PURPOSES,
etc.
For Urine Anajysis
'SOLOID' ,,
,,
Citric
Acid
BRAND
—
...
STRENGTH ...
...
...
gr.
i
Fehling's Test, for preparing- Fehling's Solution, cartons of 24
,,
Indigo Test for Sugar (Sodium Nitro-
,,
Picric
,,
Potassium Ferrocyanide
,,
Salicyl-sulphonic Acid
phenyl-propiolate)
gr- 1/4
Acid
...
Is.sued in
tubes of
20
FORMULARY
142
OF
PRODUCTS
FINE
Soloid' Brand Products for Testing Purposes, etc.
— continued
For Sewage Analysis
SOLOID'
BRAND —
STRENGTH
,,
Oxalic Acid ... Potassium PermanL;anate
,,
Pyrogallic Acid
,,
Sodium Hydroxide
,,
0-0079 glT^0-00395 gm. 0-032 gra. 0-13 gm.
...
Ill
packages 0/2^
Test Indicators
SOLOID'
KKAND —
STRENGTH
*Indigo-Carmine
*Lacmoid *Methvl-Orange *Phenolphthalein *Rosolic Acid ... Starch ^
One
... ... ... ... 0-5 gm. dissolved in 10 c.c. of solvent forms the Test Indicator. In tubes of 10
Microscopic Stains
SOLOID' BRAND—
STRENGTH
Bismarck Brown, pure Borax Methylene Blue Ehrlich Triple Stain Eosin, pure ...
Eosin-Azur
(for
solution)
...
Giemsa
...
...
O-I
gm.
...
...
...
o-i
gm.
staining with one
...
...
...
...
Eosin- Methylene Blue (Louis Tenner's Stain) ... ... ... Fuchsine (Ba.sic), pure ... ... ... Gentian Violet, pure ... ... ... Gram's Iodine Solution
Hsematoxylin (Delafield) Haematoxylin, pure ...
Methylene Blue, pure Methyl Violet, pure
Romanowsky Romanowsky
o-i
O-i
gm. gm.
15 c.c.
...
...
...
o-i
...
...
...
o-igm.
...
...
...
o-i
Stain (Leishman's Powder) ... Stain (Wright's Modification)
Sodium Carbonate Thionin Blue, pure Toison Blood Fluid
0-038 gm. 0-05 gm.
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
gm.
gm.
0-015 S"''0-05 gm. 0-05 gm. o-i
gm.
In tubes of 6 Methyl Alcohol
(pure), for use in microscopic staining hermetically-sealed glass phials, each containing 15 c.c.
A /so
a -wide range of other products issued under the '
Soloid
'
Brand
;
i
BY
ISSUED
Strophanthus Tincture
AND
W.
B.
W. &
(B.
(Physiologically standardised logical Research Laboratories. )
143
CO.
Co.) IVcllcomc Physio-
in the
the United States Prepared in accordance with selected Pharmacopoeia (Eighth Revision), from carefully
strophanthus seeds.
Strophanthus Tincture
W. &
(B.
Co.)
in the (Physiologically standardised
IVellcoine
Physio-
logical Research Laboratories.)
accordance
in
Prepared
the
with
Pharma-
British
selected strophanthus seeds. copoeia, 1898, from carefully
Strophanthus, 'Tabloid' Brand '
Enule Suppositories [see III, 112; and Hazeline
'
{see
Rectal
page 175)
Suppositories, page 113)
Surgical Dressings, Pleated Compressed,
Brand
{see
pages
Suppositories,
'
'
'
Tabloid
'
pages 107-110)
Syringes, Hypodermic and
Serum
BRAND
{see
page
114)
PRODUCTS
The word 'TABLOID' is a brand which designates fine products issued by Burroughs Wellcome & Co. To ensure the supply of these pure and reliable preparations, this brand should always be specified when ordering. '
'
Tabloid
Brand Products are also issued in bottles of 500, with the exception of those put up in tubes.
Under the Tabloid Brand is issued an immense variety of drugs and their combinations, all prepared from the purest doses with due regard to ingredients, and divided into accurate '
'
They require no weighing or measuring, accurate doses can be immediately administered, and
their therapeutic uses.
they keep unchanged in any cHmate.
Owing
to their
^
^^^^l
supplies may be comfortably carried in the waistcoat pocket, and doses taken regularly whilst
extreme
portability,
or commercial follcjwing the usual rf)uUne of social, professional, Tabloid Brand products of unpleasant drugs are coated life. '
'
with a thin film of wliite sugar,
rcaiiily solulile in the
stomach,
FORMULARY
144
'
Tabloid
while
'
OF
FINE
Brand Products —contitmed
those intended
to
act
coated with keratin, soluble of the intestines.
leaving the stomach are the alkaline secretions
after
in
only
'TABLOID' BRAND— ,,
,,
,,
DOSE
Acetanilide (sec Antifebrin^
Aconite Tincture, min. 1/4 and min. I ,,
,,
min. 5
Each
Tincture represents Aconite, min. 1/4, min. i min. 5 respectively.
,,
PRODUCTS
I
frequently
I
to 3
i
to 2
I
to 2
of
and
Aloes and Iron (B.P. Pill), gr. 4 Each contains approximately — :
Dried Iron .Sulphate, gr. 1/2 Barbados Aloes, gr. i Compound Powder of Cinnamon, ;
;
gr. 1-1/2
„ Aloes and Myrrh (B.P.
Pill),
gr. 4 Each contains approximately Socotrine Aloes, gr. 2, and :
Myrrh, )>
gr. i
—
ISSUED
BY
B.
'Tabloid' Brand Products— c''«i'/««^"'
145
146
FORMULARY OF
'Tabloid' Brand Products
FINE
— continued
PliODUCTS
BY
ISSUED
AND
W.
B.
147
CO.
Issued in
'Tabloid' Brand Products— confinuec/
oval
'TABLOID' BRAND^ ,,
DOSE
I
bots. of
bots. of
Belladonna Tincture, B. p., min.
,,
Benzoic Acid, gr. 5
.,
Benzoic Acid IJ;
I
I
frequently
miri. 5
i
to 3
••
i
to 3
...
i
as required
...
Compound
Acidi Benzoic! Codeinai
...
gr. 1/2 gr. i/io
Menthol
...
gr. i/io gr. i/io 1/16
...
Pulv. Ipecacuanhse 01.
100
48
100 100
25
100
Menlhae Piperitae min. Rubri ... '/-s.
Gummi
Benzo-Naphthol, Beta-Naphthol,.
gr.
0-25 gm.
Beta-Naphthol Compound IJ
to 2
100
to 3
100
...
to 2
100
...
to
4
100
I
to b
100
I
to 4 or more
100
1
to 4 or
more
ICXD
5
gr. 3
Beta-Naphthol Carbonis Ligni
... ...
gr. 1 gr. 4
01. iMenthae Piperitae
...
min. 1/2
Bismuth and Dover Powder IJ
Bismuthi Subnitratis Pulv. Ipecac. 6
Opio
...
gr. 2-1/2
...
gr. 2-1/2
Bi.smuth and Soda IJ
Bismuthi .Subnitratis...
Sodii Bicarbonatis
gr. 2-1/2 gr. 2-1/2
Bi.smuth and Soda, No. 2 ]J
Bismuthi Subnitratis Sodii Bicarbonatis
Bismuth Carbonate,
...
0.25 gm. 0.25 gm.
gr. 5
to
...
0-5 gm.
Bismuth, Rhubarb and Soda... IJ;
4
25
to 3
25
to 4
25
100 100 100
Bismuthi •Subnitratis
...
... Pulv. Rhei... Sodii Bicarbonati.s
Bismuth
Salicylate
gr. 3 gr. i gr. 2
{physio-
logically pure), gr. 5
Write the Brand in lull,
thus:
1
to 4
100
148
FORMULARY
"Tabloid' Brand Products-
OF
FINE
cofif/nucti
PRODUCTS
BY
ISSUED
'
Tabloid
AND
W.
B.
Brand Products —continued
'
Issued in oval
TABLOID' BRAND— ,,
lilaud IJ Pil.
%
...
Blaud
... ...
%
Strychnina; ... Acidi Arseniosi Pill
...
0015 gm.
...
Q-002 gm.
...
o-oJE
'Tabloid' Brand Products— confinuf^i
PRODUCTS
BY
ISSUED
AND
W.
B.
153
CO.
Issued in
'Tabloid' Brand Products-^coniimted
oval
'TABLOID' BRAND— Castor Oil, min. boxes of 50
,,
5,
DOSE
(Capsule),
Cathartic Compound...
,,
IJ
E.xt.
bots. of
more
I
or
I
to 2
25
Colocynthidis
Comp.
gr. 1-1/3
Hydrargyri Subchloridi ... Ext. Jalapae Pulv. Cambogia; ...
gr. i gr. i gr. 1/4
more
,,
Cerebrin, gr. 5
I
or
.,
Cerium
I
to 2
,,
Chalk, Aromatic Powder
I
or
O.Kalate, gr. 5 willi
(see Aromatic Chalk Powder with Opium, B.P.
Opium
)
,,
Charcoal (Pure Willow), bottles of
,,
.,
gr. 5,
40
more
required
Charcoal (Pure Willow), 0-25 gm.
I
to 6
I
or
more
I
or
more
Food (Phosphates Compound), = dr. 1/2 of
Chemical
Compound Syrup
of Phos-
phates Containing the combined phosphates of iron, calcium, sodium
and potassium, equivalent to drachm 1/2 of standard Compound Syrup of Phosphates. ,,
Chemical Food (Phosphates,
Compound), = dr. i of Compound Syrup of Phosphates Equivalent to drachm standard Compound of Phosphates.
i
of
Syrup ->
Chloralamide, gr. 5 ... Chloral Hydrate, gr. 5 gr.
10
0-25 gm. I
J
... ...
gm.
Cinchona Tincture, min. 30... Cinchona Compound Tincture, min. 30 ,,
Citric Acid, gr. 5
as
154
FORMULARY
OF
FINE
PRODUCTS
ISSUED
BY
B.
W.
AND
155
CO.
Issued in
'Tabloid' Brand Products— canf/nued
oval
TABLOID' BRAND-
DOSE Sub-
(Testicular
,,
Didymiii
,,
Digitalin
,,
Digitalis Tincture, mill,
,,
Donovan
1
increased to
stance), gr. 5
(Amorphous),
bots. of
bots. of
100
4
gr.
i/ioo ...
i
min. 5 Solution, min. 5
I
to 3
I
frequently
...
I
...
I
50 100 48
to
100
100
4
One
represents min. 5 of Liq. Arsenii et Hydrargyri lodidi, P.B., containing arsenious and of each mercuric iodides, gr. 1/22.
,,
Dover Powder (Ipecac, with Opium), gr. 1/4 Each
contains
Opium
frequently
100
and
Ipecacuanha, of each gr. 1/40 ,,
Dover Powder Opium), gr. 5
(Ipecac,
with I
to
25
100
I
to 4
25
100
I
to
contains Opium and Ipecacuanha, of each gr. 1/2
Each ,,
Dover Powder (Ipecac, with Opium), 0-25 gm. ... Each
contains
Opium
and
Ipecacuanha, of each 0-025 gm. ,,
Easton Syrup (Iron Phosphate with Quinine and Strychnine), dr. 1/2
,,
nine), dr. .,
I
...
25
100
25
100
Easton Syrup (Iron Phos[)hale with Quinine and Strychnine), 2 c.c
,,
100
Easton Syrup (Itun Phosphate with (Quinine and Strych-
—
I
to 2
Easton Syrup (Iron i'hosphate with Quinine and Strychnine), 4 c.c The 'Tabloid' prothicts present, soluble condition, the amount of iron (ferric state), quinine and strychnine contained in corresponding doses of the B. P. Syrup. in
a
Write the Brand in full,
thus:
/ ^a--^-^ '-vri.)
ill
Aconitine Hydrobromide
The most
suitable salt
of aconitine
for
therapeutic
use, being readily soluble in water, perfectly stable, The remarks as to purity of uniform composition.
dosage of the alkaloid apply to this Dose —gr. 1/640 to gr. 1/400 (o-oooi gm. Issued in tubes of gi: 5 (0-3 gin.
and and
salt also. to o-oooi6 gm.)
)
„ Aloin, B.P. and is free from resin. It is lighter and affords a clearer solution than tlie usual article. commercial Dose—gr. 1/2 to gr. 2 (003 gm. to 013 gm.) This
is
Ijarbaloin,
in colour
Issued in ,,
bottles
of
i
(28-3^7;/.)
and oz.
4
(113^^'-;;/.)
Aloin, Crystal
This is 1)arbaloin from resin.
Dose—gr.
in well-defined crystals,
1/2 to gr. 2 (0-03
Issued in ,,
oz.
bottles
of oz.
gm. i
to 0-13
and
is
free
gm.)
(28-3^^''w.)
and oz. 4
(113^;;/.)
Atropine (Pure Alkaloid), B.P.
The pure
crystallised alkaloid, free
and hyoscine. Dose — gr. 1/200 Issued in
and oz.
i
bottles
of gr. 60 (3-9 gm.),
(28-3 ^^w.)
For
from hyoscyamine
to gr. i/ioo (0-0003 S^i- 'o o-ooo6
prices, see separate list
oz.
gm.) 1/4 (7
gm.)
BRAND
WELLCOME
Wellcome
Brand Products— continued
'
WELLCOME' ,,
BRAND—
Atropine Sulphate Prepared from pure atropine.
Dose—gr.
1/200 to gr. i/ioo (0-0003
Issued in
and oz. ,,
189
FKODUCTS
i
g™-
to o-ooo6 gin.)
of gr. 60 (3-9 gm.),
bottles
oz.
1/4 (7
gm.)
{2%-t, gDi.)
Berberine Sulphate
The
of
salt
from
obtained
an alkaloid
Hydrastis
canadensis.
Dose—gr.
2 to gr. 5 (0-13
Issued in
,,
bottles
gm.
of oz.
i
gm.)
(28-3 ^^w.)
Bismuth and Iron Citrate (Soluble) This salt is in the form of yellowish-green scales, The Bismuth and Iron Citrates readily soluble in water.
combined
are
nearly as
as
in
this
Dose—gr.
bottles
parts
as
to
represent
by weight of
their
salts.
5 to gr. 10 (0-3
Issued in
so
preparation
equal
possible
respective anhydrous
to 0-65
gm.
of oz.
gm.)
(28-3^'-w.), oz. 4(113^^';;/.)
i
and
8 (22T gin.)
oz.
,,
to 0-3
Bismuth and Lithium Citrate (Soluble) This new combination
is
in
the form of handsome,
colourless scales, readily soluble in water, and can be used when the therapeutic effects of lithium in conIt contains junction with those of bismuth are desired. in combination an amount of lithium corresponding to
25-30 per cent, of
weight of anhydrous
its
Lithium
Citrate.
Dose—gr.
2 to gr. 5 (0-13
Issued in oz.
,,
8
{2.7.']
bottles
of
oz.
gm. I
to 0-3 gm.)
(28-3 gvi.
),
i?:.
4
(
1 1
3
gm.) and
gm.)
Bismuth Carbonate, B.P.
Dose— gr. Issued in
5 to gr.
bottles
of
20 (03 gm. to 1-3 gm.)
oz.
8 (227 gm.)
(454 ^w.)
For
prices, see separate list
and
tins of oz. 16
'
190
'
Wellcome
'
wei.lcomk'
products
Brand Products —continued
'WELLCOME' ,,
brand
BRAND—
Bismuth Citrate This salt is free from the very common contamination of nitrate, and affords a clear solution with Ammonia.
By
the official test
it
yields 56 to 58 per cent, of bismuth
oxide.
Dose — gr. 2 to gr. Issued in ,,
5 (0-13
bottles
gm.
to 0-3
gm.)
of oz. 4(113 gm.
and
)
oz.
8 (227 gut.
)
Bismuth Citrate (Soluble ) This is a stable and soluble scale salt, which is very It freely soluble in water, and yields a bright solution. possesses the great advantage over the usual forms of Bismuth and Ammonium Citrate in l)eing stable. It
does not become insoluble on keeping. with acid liquids.
Dose—gr.
2 to gr. 5 (0-13
Issued in oz.
,,
bottles
of oz.
gm. i
to 0-3
It is
incompatible
gm.)
(28-3 gm.),
oz.
4(113 gm.) and
8 (227 gm.)
Bismuth Oxychloride This
salt is
presented as an exceptionally light and fine it suitable for use for toilet purposes.
powder, making
Dose— gr. Issued in oz.
,,
20 (0-3 gm. to 1-3 gm.)
5 to gr.
bottles
of oz. 4 (113^/;;.),
oz.
8 (227 gm.) and
16 (454 ^.w.)
Bismuth Salicylate (physiologically
f lire)
This preparation contains the proper proportion of bismuth combined with pure salicylic acid, and is uniform in composition.
Dose — gr.
Issued in ,,
5 to gr.
20 (0-3 gm. to 1-3 gm.)
bottles
of oz.
i
(28-3 ^^w.)
and oz. 4
(113 o-w.)
Bismuth Subgallate
This is in a state of very fine powder — a condition which renders it eminently suitable for local application.
Dose —gr. Issued
ill
10 to gr. 20 (0-65
bottles
For
of oz.
gm. i
to 1-3
(28-3
gm.)
gm. and oz. 4 )
prices, see separate list
(
113,^;;/.
)
WELLCOME'
'
'
Wellcome
'
Brand Products— confinueii
'WELLCOME' ,,
(227.^^/;/.)
and
16 (454.^-///.)
oz.
Caffeine, B.P. bottles
to 0-3
gm.
to gr. 5 (o-o6
i
Issued in
of oz.
(28-3
i
gm.)
gm. and oz. 4(113 )
g'"-
)
Caffeine Cilrale, B.P.
Dose—gr.
2 to gr. 10 (0-13
Issued in oz.
bottles
of oz.
gm.
to 0-65
gm.)
(28-3 ^w.),
i
and
4(113,?-^.)
(^=.
8 (227 gin.)
Calcium Glycerophosphate Dose—gr. 2 to gr. 5 (0-13 gm. Issued in
,,
of oz. 8
bottles
Dose— gr.
,,
20 (0-3 gm. to 1-3 gm.)
5 to gr.
Issued in
,,
BRAND—
Bismuth Subnitrate, B.P.
Dose— gr.
,,
191-
PRODUCTS
r.RAND
bottles
of oz.
i
to 0-3
gm.)
(28-3 gin.
)
and oz. 4(113 gm.
)
Calcium Hypophosphite, B.P. attention
Special
of
property
clear
perfectly
to
invited
is
readily
dissolving
It
solution.
salt
this in
water
conforms
and to form
to
strictly
in
its
a all
respects to the B.P. requirements. Dose gr. 3 to gr. 10 (0-2 gm. to 0-65 gm.)
—
Issued in bottles of
and oz. ,,
i
(28-3 gm.), oz. 4 (113
gm.)
Capsicin
Dose— gr. Issued ,,
oz.
8 (227 gin.)
1/8 to gr. 1/4 (o-ooS
pots of OS.
ift
i
gm.
to 0-015
gm.)
(28-3,^/«.)
Chloroform Prepared important
for
specially
advance
in
anresthesia,
its
unvarying
and marking an reliability.
The
most recent researches is emlwdied in this of the highest product, which provides an anesthetic of decomposition. quality, free from irritating products Dose— min. i to min. 5 (gtt. i to gtt. 5) result of the
Issued in
bottles
of
oz.
2 (57 gm.), 1/4
lb.
{iit,
gm.),
and i lb. (454 ,fw.); lOO gm., 500 gm., and 1000 gm. ; and in hermetically-sealed tubes of 1/4 lb. c.c. [approx. 2 /?. oz.) \ fl. oz.) and 60 Tp c.c. [approx. 1/2
lb.
(227 gin.)
,
For
prices, see separate list
WELLCOME
192
'
Wellcome
'
I
{2&-T,
i
{2%-T,g/ii.)
and oz. 4
oz.
i
1/2 {li^gni.)
1/2 (14 g/j/.)
gm.) oz.
1/2 (14. -t,
gm.),
oz.
4 (113 gut.)
8 [22^ gm.)
Salicylate, B. P. (physiologically pure )
This
When
salt
Dose—gr.
issued
in
10 togr. 30 (0-65
Issued in
and OS.
is
"powder" and
ordering, please indicate which
bottles
of
oz.
gm.
to 2
in
"flake."
required.
gm.)
4 (113 gm.),
16 (/^^^ gm.)
For
is
prices, see separate
list
oz.
8 (227 gm.)
'
Wellcome
'
Sodium
PRODUCTS
205
Brand ProAucts— continued
'WELLCOME' ,,
BRAND
WELLCOME'
'
BRAND— (Natural)
Salicylate
Prepared from genuine oil of wintergreen. Dose — gr. lo to gr. 30 (0-65 gm. to 2 gm.) Issued in bottles of oz. I (28-3 gm. and oz. 4(113 gm.
)
)
Sparteine Sulphate
,,
Dose
—
gr. 1/2 to gr.
Issued
bottles
ill
i
(0-03
of oz.
gm. i
to o-o6
gm.)
(28-3.fw.)
Strophanthin Issued in tubes of gr. 5 (0-3 gm.) and
,,
I
gm.
Strychnine (Pure Alkaloid), B.P.
,,
Dose — gr.
1/60 to gr. 1/15 (o-ooi
Issued in
bottles
of oz.
i
gm.
to
0004 gm.)
(28-3 gm.)
Strychnine Hydrochloride, B.P.
,,
Dose —gr.
1/60 to gr. 1/15 (o-ooi
Issued in
bottles
EXTRACTS,
of oz. r:.\
i
gm. to 0-004 g™-)
(28-3 gm.)
'WELLCOME'
brand
from specially selected drugs of the highest quality, carefully picked over The exceptional plant which has been before treatment. '
Wellcome
'
Brand
Extracts are
prepared
with preparations of this class enables & Co. to offer a series of extracts of
installed for dealing
Burroughs Wellcome
unparalleled excellence.
'WELLCOME' ,,
Aloes, B. P.
,
BRAND—
Extract of Barbados
This preparation is made strictly according to the method. Dose — gr. to gr. 4 (o-o6 gm. to 0-25 gm.) Issued in bottles of oz. 4 1 1 3 gm. ) and oz. 8 (227 gm.
official
i
)
(
,,
Belladonna, B.P., Alcoholic Extract of
This preparation is made strictly according to the method, and is standardised to contain i per
official
cent, of total alkaloid.
Dose— gr. '
Issued in
1/4 to gr.
bottles
For
i
(0-015
of oz.
i
gm.
to 0-06
(28-3
gm.)
;>•«/.)
and
prices, see separate list
oz.
4
{w^gm.)
206
'
WELLCOME
Wellcome
'
PRODUCT
Brand Products—continued
'WELLCOME' ,,
BRAND
BRAND—
Belladonna, B. P., Green Extract of
This preparation method, but
made
is
official
is
strictly
standardised
according to the to
contain
i
per
cent, of total alkaloid.
Dose — gr. Issued
,,
1/4 to gr.
ill
i
(0-015
pots of oz.
I
to o-o6
g™-
{zZ-t,
gm.)
gm.) and
oz.
4(ii3^'-w.)
Cannabis Indica, B. P., Extract of (Physiologically Controlled, Wellcome Physiological Research Laboratories) This preparation method.
made
is
strictly
according to the
official
Dose — gr.
1/4 to gr.
i
(0015 gm.
Issued in pots of oz. ,,
Cascara Sagrada, B. P.
This preparation method.
to o-o6
i
(28-3 gin.
gm.)
and oz. 4(113
)
gin.
)
Extract of
,
made
is
strictly
according to
the
official
Dose —gr.
2 to gr. 8 (0-13
Issued in
,,
Colchicum, B.
bottles
05 gm.)
made
is
1/4 to gr. i (0-015
Issued in pots of oz. ,,
to
and oz.
i
gm-
strictly
to o-o6
(28-3 gin.
)
according to the
gm.)
and (73. 4
( 1
13 gin.
)
Colocynth, Powdered Compound Extract of
This preparation corresponds to the B. Dose —gr. 2 to gr. 8 (0-13 gm. to 0-5 gm.) Issued in
,,
8 (227 gin.)
P., Extract of
This preparation official method.
Dose —gr.
gm.
of oz. 4 (113 gin.)
bottles ^(7S.
4
(
1
13
P. Extract.
gm. and oz. 8 (227 gm. )
)
Ergot, B.P., Extract of (Ergotin) ( Made from ergot physiologically tested in the Wellcome Physiological Research Laboratories )
The ergot is carefully hand-picked and freed from all The extract has a pure characteristic foreign matter. For
prices, see separate list
'
Wellcome
'
'
WELLCOME
'
BRAND
PRODUCTS
207
Brand Products— conttnued
'WELLCOME'
BRAND—
and is free from the objectionable properties sometimes imparted by the use of excessive heat. Dose— gr. 2 to gr. 8 (0-13 gm. to 0-5 gm.) odour,
Issued in pots of oz. ,,
i
{q&-t, gin.)
Euonymus, B.P., Dry Extract from
Prepared
the
of
true
pureiis, carefully picked over
Dose—gr. 8 (227
oz.
,,
to gr. 2 (o-o6
i
Issued in
bottles
gm.
of oz.
i
(Euonymin)
drug,
Eiioiiyiniis
atropiir-
by hand before extraction.
to 0-13
(28-3
gm.) oz.
gm. ),
4 (113 gin. and )
gill.)
Gentian, B. P.
Extract of
,
This preparation is made strictly according to the official method. Dose gr. 2 to gr. S (0-13 gm. to 05 gm.)
—
Issued in pots of oz. 4(113 gm. ,,
Hyoscyamus, B.P.
and oz. 8
)
(227 gm.
)
Green Extract of
,
This preparation method, but
official
is is
made strictly according to the standardised to contain o-2 per
cent, of total alkaloid.
DosE^gr. 2 to gr. 8 (0-13 gm. to 05 gm.) Issued in pots of oz. i (28-3 gm. ) and ,,
Jalap,
oz.
4(113 gm.
)
Powdered Extract of
This preparation corresponds to the B. 2 to gr. 8 (0-13 gm. to 0-5 gm.)
P. Extract.
Dose —gr.
Issued in ,,
bottles
Liquorice, B.P.
,
of oz.
i
(28-3 gin.
)
and oz. 4
(113 gm.
)
Extract of
This preparation method.
is
made
strictly
according to the
official
Issued in pots of oz. 4 (113 gm. ,,
Taraxacum, B. P.
,
and oz. 8
)
(227 gm.
)
Extract of
This preparation method.
is
made
strictly
according
to
the
official
Dose—gr.
5 to gr. 15 (0-3
gm.
to
i
gm.)
Issued in pots of oz. 4 (113 gin.
For
)
and oz. 8
prices, see separate list
(227 gm.
)
'
208
Wellcome'
hrand
products
STANDARDISED GRANULAR EXTRACTS 'WELLCOME' brand T,S^
'
Wellcome
'
Brand Granular Extracts possess many advantages over the usual form of solid extracts. They are uniform
and
reliable,
and more convenient
dispensing than the
for
ordinary soft extracts.
'WELLCOME' ,,
is
standardised to contain
Dose —gr.
1/4 to gr.
Issued in ,,
bottles
i
i
gm.
(0-015
of oz.
I
])ut
per cent, of total alkaloid.
006 gm.)
to
(28-3
^v;/.)
Cascara Sagrada, Granular Extract of This preparation corresponds to the B.P. Extract.
Dose— gr.
2 to gr. 8 (0-13
Issued in ,,
BRAND—
Belladonna (Green), Standardised Granular Extract of This preparation corresponds to the B.P. Extract,
bottles
gm.
of oz.
I
to 0-5
(28-3
gm.)
gm.
)
and
vz.
4(113 gm.
)
Ergot, Granular Extract of
( Made from ergot physiologically tested in the U'ell(o;nc Physiological Research Laboratories)
This preparation corresponds to the B.P. Extract.
Dose — gr.
2 to gr. 8
Issued in ,,
(013 gm.
of oz.
i
to 0-5
gm.)
(2S-3_^'-w.)
Hyoscyamus, Standardised Granular Extract of is
This preparation corresponds to the B.P. Extract, Init standardised to contain o-2 per cent, of total alkaloid.
Dose—gr.
2 to gr. 8 (0-13
Issued in ,,
bottles
Nux Vomica,
bottles
of oz.
gm. i
to 0-5
gm.)
(28-3 gin.
)
Standardised Granular Extract of
This preparation corresponds to the B.P. Extract, and contains 5 per cent, of strychnine.
Dose — gr. Issued in
1/4 to gr.
bottles
For
i
(0015 gm.
of oz.
i
to o-o6
(28-3 g>u.
gm.) )
prices, see separate list
'
'
WELLCOME
BRAND
PRODUCTS
209
'Wellcome' Brand Products —continued
'WELLCOME' ,,
BRAND—
Opium, Standardised Granular Extract of This preparati(in corresponds to the B.
and
P. Extract,
contains 20 per cent, of morphine.
Dose — gr.
1/4 to gr.
Issued in ,,
bottles
i
(0-015
of oz.
gm.
i
to o-o6
gm.)
(28-3^;;/.)
Rhubarb, Granular Extract of This preparation the
full
is
made
V)y
a special process, whereby
therapeutic value of the rhubarb
Dose —gr. 2 to gr. Issued in
6 (0-13 gm. to
bottles
of 0-z.
I
is
retained.
04 gm.)
(28-3, "'w.)
STANDARDISED LIQUID EXTRACTS 'WELLCOME' brand ^mI^I
These are standardised
to represent definite quantities, not of total alkaloids, but of the active principle of the drug so far as possible. With the exception of the B. P. preparations, which are prepared strictly according to the official directions,
they are made by a special process embodying the latest researches on the subject. The miscible liquid extracts mix
and on this account may be employed with advantage when the ordinary liquid extracts would prove quite clear with water,
The reliability and uniformity of Wellcome Brand Standardised Liquid Extracts commend them fur both prescribing and dispensing. '
unsuitaVjle.
'WELLCOME' ,,
'
BRAND—
Aconite, Liquid Extract of
This preparation is standardised to contain o-i of ether-soluble alkaloid in 100 c.c. of extract. part
by volume
represents
one
part
by
gm.
One
weight
of
standard drug.
Dose— min. Issued in
andfl.
oz.
1/4 to
min.
i
bottles offl.
(gtt. 1/4 to gtt. i) i?.':.
4 (114
r.r.
),y7. oz.
16 (455 c.c.)
For
prices, see separate list
8 (227
c.c.)
'
WELLCOME
'
210
Wellcome
PRODUCTS
iKAND—
Liquid Extract of This preparation is made strictly according to the ofticial method, and is standardised to contain o-']z^ gm. of total alkaloid in lOO c.c. of extract. Dose— min. 1/3 to min. i (gtt. 1/3 to gtt. i) Issued in bottles off., oz. 4 (114 ,\c.),f. oz. 8 (227 i.e.)
Belladonna, B.
and fl. ,,
URAND
Brand Products —continued
'
'WELLCOME' ,,
'
P.
,
16 (455 cc.)
oz.
Calabar Bean, Liquid Extract of This preparation is made by a special process, and is standardised to contain 0-15 gm. of total alkaloid in 100 c.c. of extract. One part by volume represents one part by weight of standard drug.
Dose — min. Issued in
andfl. ,,
oz.
i
to min. 4 (gtt.
bottles
off.
16 (455
c.c.)
oz.
i
to gtt. 4)
4 (114 c.c.),f.
oz.
8 (227
c.c.)
Cascara Sagrada, Aromatic Liquid Extract of This preparation is made by a special process,
is
palatable and aromatic, and possesses the full activity of the official liquid extract, but contains less inert extractive. It
may be
diluted witli water without precipitating,
and it does not deposit on keeping. Dose — min. 30 to min. 60 (i-8 c.c. to 3-5 Issued in ,,
oz.
16 (455
c.ir.
c.c.)
Liquid Extract of This preparation is made strictly according to the official method. Dose — min. 30 to min. 60 (i-8 c.c. to 3-5 c.c.) Issued in bottles off. oz. 4 (114 c.c), fl. oz. 8 (227 c.c.) fl.
oz.
16 (455
,
c.c.)
Cascara Sagrada, Glycerinatcd Liquid Extract of Dose— min. 30 to min. 60 (i-8 c.c. to 3'5 c.c.) Issued in
,,
of fl.
Cascara Sagrada, B.P.
and ,,
bottles
bottles
Cinchona, B.P.
,
of
fl.
oz.
16 (455 c.c.)
Liquid Extract of
This preparation
For
is
made
strictly
prices, see separate list
according to the
WELLCOME'
'
'
Wellcome
'
211
PRODUCTS
URANIl
Brand Products— coniinned
'WELLCOME' official
BRAND—
method, and
standardised to contain 5 gm. of
is
total alkaloid in 100 c.c. of extract.
Dose—min. Issued in
and fl.
oz.
5 to
min. 15
(gtt. 5 to
bottles offl. oz.
16 (455
09
c.c.)
4 (114 f
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