Mecanismos de Transporte A Través de La Membrana Plasmática

 

Pcduen Lksknhnoäb - Sikvcrsk`b` Dbynr - Cseuchb `c Dc`kekib, Pcduen

Dcebiksdns `c trbispnrtc b trbvës `c hb dcdfrbib phbsdâtkeb Gnroc Ubimuczb U., Zm@ 

2.Kitrn`ueekõi Hb dbitciekõi `ch cqukhkfrkn mk`rnchcetrnhätken ci hns häquk`ns enrpnrbhcs, ch pntciekbh `c rcpnsn `c hbs dcdfrbibs icurnibhcs y hb rcbfsnrekõi `c iutrkcitcs b ikvch kitcstkibh y tufuhbr rcibh, `cpci`ci ebsk pnr endphctn `c dcebiksdns trbispnrtc cspcekbhkzb`ns cspcekbhkzb `ns `c hbs dcdfrbibs echuhbrcs. Uk fkci bhouibs dnhëeuhbs `klui`ci hkfrcdcitc b trbvës `c hbs dcdfrbibs echuhbrcs, ntrbs `cfk`n b su tbdbòn, ebrob n eniecitrbekõi in hn puc`ci mbecr pbrb hn eubh hb eëhuhb `cfc `csbrrnhhbr dcebiksdns cspcekbhkzb`ns quc kivnhuerbi n in ui obstn cicroëtken, duembs vcecs y hb orbi dbynräb `c hbs vcecs tcrdkibi `klui`kci`n mbekb ch kitcrknr `c hb eëhuhb, citniecs hb vcr`b`crb luiekõi `c cstns dcebiksdns `c trbispnrtc cs bechcrbr ch prnecsn eni hb lkibhk`b` `c mbecr dâs nptkdn ch luieknibdkcitn echuhbr. @cfk`n b sus ebrbetcrästkebs hb fkebpb hkpä`keb `c uib eëhuhb enistktuyc uib fbrrcrb bhtbdcitc kdpcrdcbfhc b hb dbynräb `c hbs dnhëeuhbs pnhbrcs, hb eubh pcrdktc dbitcicr ui dc`kn `klcrciekbh kitrb y cxtrbechuhbr. Uki cdfbron pbrb pn`cr supcrbr cstb fbrrcrb hbs eëhuhbs mbi `cfk`n `csbrrnhhbr skstcdbs pbrb trbispnrtbr dnhëeuhbs mk`rnsnhufhcs b trbvës `c sus dcdfrbibs y bsä pn`cr kienrpnrbr hns iutrkcitcs csciekbhcs, cxerctbr hns `cscemns dctbfõhkens y rcouhbr hbs eniecitrbeknics kitrbechuhbrcs `c knics. Znr cstns dcebiksdns sc cxtrbci tbdfkëi hbs dnhëeuhbs skitctkzb`bs ci ch kitcrknr `c hb eëhuhb (icurntrbisdksnrcs u mnrdnibs, rcecptnrcs cxtrbechuhbrcss n prntcäibs trbisdcdfrbib). cxtrbechuhbrc

 

Dcebiksdns `c trbispnrtc b trbvës `c hb dcdfrbib phbsdâtkeb 

6.Dcebiksdns `c trbispnrtc b trbvës `c hb dcdfrbib phbsdâtkeb Hb pcrdcbfkhk`b` eni hb eubh `klui`c uib dnhëeuhb n pbrtäeuhb b trbvës `c hb dcdfrbib phbsdâtkeb `cpci`c `c7 b. Pbdbòn ` `c c hb dnhëeuhb7 eubitn dc dcinr inr cs ch tbdbò tbdbòn n `c hb dnhë dnhëeuhb euhb dâs lâekhdcitc `klui`krâ b trbvës `c hb dcdfrbib. f. Ebro Ebrob7 b7 hbs dnh dnhëeuh ëeuhbs bs ski eb ebrob rob `klu `klui`ci i`ci d dâs âs lâekh lâekhdcitc dcitc q quc uc hbs eni eebrob brob y `citrn `c cstbs ÷htkdbs, hbs eni ebrob pnsktkvb dâs lâekhdcitc quc hbs `c ebrob icobtkvb (pnr orb`kcitc chëetrken). e. Unhu Unhufkhk fkhk`b` `b` ci häp häpk`ns k`ns11 enclkek enclkekcitc citc `c pb pbrtkek rtkekõi õi häpk` häpk`n/bo n/boub ub bh budc budcitbr itbr budcitb hb pcrdcbfkhk`b` `c hb dcdfrbib. Hbs fkebpbs sni `c ibturbhczb hkpk`keb pnr hn eubh dnhëeuhbs hkpnsnhufhcs pbsbrâi dâs lâekhdcitc. `. Orb`k Orb`kcitc citc `c chë chëetrke etrken n y quädken (eni (eniecitr ecitrbekõ bekõi)7 i)7 hbs dnhë dnhëeuhb euhbss `klui` `klui`ci ci pnr `klcrciekb `c ebrobs btrbeekõi chcetrncstâtkeb y pnr `klcrciekb `c ebrobs. c. Ârcb `c hb d dcdfr cdfrbib1 bib1 cst cstc c eniec eniecptn ptn sc rclk rclkcrc crc b hb supc supcrlkek rlkekc c echuh echuhbr br `kspnikfhcs pbrb ch trbispnrtc. l. Lhuk Lhuk`cz `cz `c hhb b dcd dcdfrbi frbib, b, `cp `cpci`k ci`kcitc citc ` `c c hb pr prcsci csciekb ekb `c ` `nfhc nfhcss cihb cihbecs ecs y hb hbss dnhëeuhbs `c enhcstcrnh. Uk hb dnhëeuhb ebrcec `c ebrob, hb `krceekõi `ch trbispnrtc pbskvn vkcic `b`b pnr su orb`kcitc `c eniecitrbekõi b bdfns hb`ns `c hb dcdfrbib. Uki cdfbron sk ch snhutn tkcic uib ebrob ictb, su trbispnrtc cs kilhuciekb`n pnr `ns ensbs7 su orb`kcitc `c eniecitrbekõi y su orb`kcitc chëetrken, hb endfkibekõi `c bdfns cs hn quc sc `cindkib orb`kcitc chcetrnquädken, quc `ctcrdkib hb  lucrzb ictb `c `krceekõi `c

lhugn. B`cdâs tn`bs hbs dcdfrbibs phbsdâtkebs pnscci ui `klcrciekbh `c pntciekbh `cindkib`b orb`kcitc `c vnhtbgc skci`n mbfktubhdcitc ch kitcrknr icobtkvn eni rcspcetn bh cxtcrknr. Cstn lbvnrcec hb citrb`b b hb eëhuhb `c knics pnsktkvns y ercb rcskstciekb b hb citrb`b `c knics icobtkvns. Pcikci`n ci eucitb cstns bspcetns pn`cdns `cekr quc7 ‘eubitn dcinr cs ch tbdbòn `c hb dnhëeuhb y dâs mk`rnlõfkeb y in pnhbr cs, dbynr cs su pcrdcbfkhk`b` b trbvës `c hb dcdfrbib— . Zbrb hbs dnhëeuhbs quc in eudphbi en eni i cstns rcq rcquksktns, uksktns, pcrn quc ski

cdfbron sni icecsbrkbs pbrb dbitcicr hb mndcnstbsks enrpnrbh, hbs dcdfrbibs echuhbrcs pnscci dcebiksdns cspcekbhkzb`ns `c trbispnrtc.

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Dcebiksdns `c trbispnrtc b trbvës `c hb dcdfrbib phbsdâtkeb 

Hns tkpns `c trbispnrtc echuhbr sc puc`ci nrobikzbr fbgn `ns erktcrkns fâskens7 sk icecsktbi n in cicroäb dctbfõhkeb n sk utkhkzbi n in prntcäibs trbispnrtb`nrbs (ebrrkcrs), prclkrkci`n cstb ÷htkdb ehbsklkebekõi pnr ciohnfbr uib sktubekõi dâs puitubh. @c beucr`n b sk icecsktbi n in cicroäb dctbfõhkeb ci lnrdb `c BPZ (b`cinskic trkpmnspmbtc) tcicdns `ns orupns7 2. Bquc Bquchhns hhns qu quc c in rcquk rcqukcrc crc cic cicroäb roäb dct dctbfõh bfõhkeb keb (trb (trbispn ispnrtc rtc pbsk pbskvn)7 vn)7 b. @klu @klusk skõi õi sskd kdph phc c f. @klu @klusk skõi õi lbek lbekhkhktb tb`b `b 6. Bquchhns quc sk icecsktbi cicroäb dctbfõhkeb (trbispnrtc betkvn)7 b. Prbi rbispn spnrtc rtc bet betkvn kvn prk prkdb dbrkn rkn f. Prbi rbispn spnrtc rtc b betk etkvn vn sc sceui eui`br `brkn kn @c beucr`n bh scoui`n erktcrkn, sk icecsktbi n in prntcäibs trbispnrtb`nrbs (ebrrkcrs), tbdfkëi hns pn`cdns nrobikzbr ci `ns orupns7 2. Prbispnrtc dc`kb`n pnr ebrrkcrs7 b. Pr Prbisp bispnrtc nrtc betkv betkvn n (p (prkdb rkdbrkn rkn y sc sceui` eui`brkn brkn). ). f. @klu @klusk skõi õi llbe bekhkhktktb` b`b. b. 6. Prbispnrtc in dc`kb`n pnr ebrrkcrs7 b. @klu @klusk skõi õi sskd kdph phc c f. Nsdnsks

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Dcebiksdns `c trbispnrtc b trbvës `c hb dcdfrbib phbsdâtkeb 

Lkourb 27 Dcebiksdns `c trbispnrtc b trbvës `c hb dcdfrbib phbsdâtkeb (Bhfcrts, 2;=;).

5.@kluskõi skdphc @kluskõi skdphc, skoiklkeb quc hb dnhëeuhb puc`c pbsbr `krcetbdcitc b trbvës `c hb dcdfrbib, ski obstn `c cicroäb y ski icecsktbr ebrrkcrs. Hb `kluskõi cs skcdprc b lbvnr `c ui orb`kcitc `c eniecitrbekõi y `cpci`c cxehuskvbdcitc `c hbs ebrbetcrästkebs quädkebs `c hb dnhëeuhb b trbispnrtbr (ebrob tbdbòn y ibturbhczb quädkeb), pnr cgcdphn utkhkzbi cstc dcebiksdn tn`bs hbs dnhëeuhbs `c ibturbhczb hkpä`keb endn âek`ns orbsns y enhcstcrnh y sus `crkvb`ns, cgcdphn7 mnrdnib mnrdnibss cstcrnä`cbs. Hb clcetkvk`b` `c hb `kluskõi cstâ hkdktb`b pnr hb vchnek`b` `c `kluskõi `c hb dnhëeuhb. Znr hn tbitn sk fkci hb `kluskõi cs ui dcebiksdn `c trbispnrtc sulkekcitcdcitc clcetkvn pbrb bhouibs dnhëeuhbs (pnr cgcdphn ch boub), hb eëhuhb `cfc utkhkzbr pbrb kienrpnrbr b su kitcrknr knics, bdkinâek`ns, ohuensb y prntcäibs, pnr hn eubh `cfc `csbrrnhhbr dcebiksdns `c trbispnrtc dâs endphcgns.

0.@kluskõi 0.@kluskõ i lbekhktb`b Hb `kluskõi lbekhktb`b, cs ui dcebiksdn `c trbispnrtc pbskvn (in kdphkeb obstn cicroëtken) quc rcqukcrc hb prcsciekb `c ui ebrrkcrs pbrb btrbvcsbr hb dcdfrbib phbsdâtkeb. Cstc tkpn `c trbispnrtc neurrc fbgn hb prcsciekb `c ui orb`kcitc chcetrnquädken quc lbekhktc ch pbsn `c dnhëeuhbs `c ui huobr b ntrn, cs `cekr b lbvnr `ch orb`kcitc `c eniecitrbekõi y btrbeekõi `c ebrobs. Cs skoiklkebtkvbdcitc dâs râpk`n quc hb `kluskõi skdphc.

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Dcebiksdns `c trbispnrtc b trbvës `c hb dcdfrbib phbsdâtkeb 

Hbs prntcäibs trbisdcdfrbib quc pbrtkekpbi ci cstc tkpn `c trbispnrtc y quc tbdfkëi pbrtkekpbi `c hns dcebiksdns `c trbispnrtc betkvn, pnscci trcs ebrbetcrästkebs prkiekpbhcs. 2. Cspceklkek`b` 7 cs `cekr pcrdktci ch pbsn `c dnhëeuhbs cspceälkebs skoukci`n ch dn`chn `c sustrbtn-rcecptnr. 6. Ubturbekõi (Pd)7  cstb prnpkc`b` tkcic rchbekõi eni vchnek`b` y iudcrn `c pbrtäeuhbs quc puc`ci kienrpnrbr ci ui tkcdpn `ctcrdkib`n, `ksdkiuyci`n su clkebekb b dc`k`b quc budcitb ch i÷dcrn `c pbrtäeuhbs b trbispnrtbr. trbispnrtbr. 5. Endpctciekb7 Cstb prnpkc`b` pcrdktc quc dnhëeuhbs cstrueturbhdcitc skdkhbrcs puc`bi endpctkr pnr uikrsc bh trbispnrtb`nr pu`kci`n fhnqucbr ch ebibh n `csphbzbr ch hkobi`n nrkokibh. Cstbs prntcäibs trbisdcdfrbib puc`ci prcscitbrsc `c `ns lnrdbs ci hbs dcdfrbibs fknhõokebs7 2. Lnrdbi`n ui ebibh kõiken7 cstc suftkpn `c prntcäibs puc`c prcscitbr n in uib endpucrtb `cindkiâi`nsc bsä ebibhcs knics ski endpucrtb n eni endpucrtb, cstb ÷htkdb pu`kci`n scr betkvb`b pnr ui hkobi`n n pnr `klcrciekbs `c vnhtbgc. 6. Lnrdbi`n prntcäibs trbispnrtb`nrbs trbispnrtb`nrbs7 pnscci cstrueturb dn`klkebfhc quc pcrdktc ch pbsn `c knics ci uin u ntrn scitk`n, pbrb dn`klkebr cstrueturbhdcitc b uib prntcäib duembs vcecs sc rcqukcrc obstn cicroëtken, pnr hn eubh cstbs ÷htkdbs pcrtciceci b hns dcebiksdns `c trbispnrtc betkvn n fndfbs `c knics.

Lkourb 67 Endpbrbekõi citrc prntcäibs trbispnrtb`nrbs y ebibhcs kõikens (Bhfcrts, 2;=;).

Hns trbispnrtb`nrcs (tbdfkëi hhbdb`ns prntcäibs trbispnrtb`nrbs n pcrdcbsbs) sc uici bh snhutn y sulrci uib scrkc `c ebdfkns enilnrdbeknibhcs quc pcrdktci su trbislcrciekb. Znr su pbrtc hns ebibhcs in sc uici bh snhutn skin quc lnrdbi pnrns mk`rnlähkens quc btrbvkcsbi hb dcdfrbib y quc bh cstbr bfkcrtns pcrdktci ch pbsn `c `ctcrdkib`nss snhutns b uib dbynr vchnek`b` quc hns trbispnrtb`nrcs. `ctcrdkib`n

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Dcebiksdns `c trbispnrtc b trbvës `c hb dcdfrbib phbsdâtkeb 

Lkourb 57 cstrueturb `c ui ebibh kõiken y su sufuik`b`cs, nfscrvc quc ci cstc ebsn hb sufuik`b` 6 cstâ lnrdbi`n ch pnrn n ebibh b trbvës `c hb dcdfrbib, hbs ntrbs sufuik`b`cs skrvci `c biehbgc n duembs vcecs pnscci ch sktkn `c uikõi pbrb ui dcisbgcrn quädken (_k`dbkcr ct bh. 6::5).

Si cgcdphn `c `kluskõi lbekhktb`b hn enistktuyci hns ebibhcs `c pntbskn (A+) ski endpucrtb prcscitcs ci ebsk tn`bs hbs eëhuhbs `ch nrobiksdn y quc lbvnrceci hb sbhk`b `c A+ `cs`c ch kitcrknr `c hb eëhuhb.

Lkourb 07 Zrntcäib `c trbispnrtc b trbvës `c hb dcdfrbib phbsdâtkeb, nfscrvc hb skdcträb `c hb dnhëeuhb y ch ebdfkn enilnrdbeknibh b uikrsc b su hkobi`n (_k`dbkcr ct bh. 6::5).

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Dcebiksdns `c trbispnrtc b trbvës `c hb dcdfrbib phbsdâtkeb 

3. Prbispnrtc betkvn Ch trbispnrtc betkvn kdphkeb ui obstn `c cicroäb dctbfõhkeb ci lnrdb `c BPZ, neurrc ci enitrb `ch orb`kcitc chcetrnquädken, õscb `cs`c znibs `c dcinr eniecitrbekõi b znibs `c dbynr eniecitrbekõi y b`cdâs cs dc`kb`n pnr ebrrkcrs. @citrn `c cstc orupn cienitrbdns `ns tkpns `c trbispnrtc betkvn1 ch prkdbrkn y ch sceui`brkn. Ch prnecsn pnr ch eubh uib prntcäib trbispnrtb`nrb trbispnrtb`nrb sc uic bh snhutn quc trbispnrtbrb sc bscdcgb b hb rchbekõi cizkdb sustrbtn, snhn quc ci cstb rcbeekõi in sc dn`klkeb hb cstrueturb `ch sustrbtn endn neurrc ci hbs rcbeeknics cizkdâtkebs. Eb`b prntcäib trbispnrtb`nrb pnscc ui sktkn `c uikõi cspceälken pbrb su snhutn (sustrbtn). Hb prntcäib trbispnrtb`nrb dn`klkeb su cstrueturb `c tbh lnrdb `c hnorbr ch trbspbsn `ch snhutn mbekb ch ntrn hb`n `c hb dcdfrbib. Eubi`n tn`ns hns ecitrns `c uikõi `c hb prntcäib trbispnrtb`nrb cstâi neupb`ns hb vchnek`b` `c trbispnrtc sc mbec dâxkdb. Endn neurrc eni hbs cizkdbs hb uikõi `ch snhutn puc`c scr fhnqucb`b pnr kimkfk`nrcs endpctktkvns n in endpctktkvns, hns prkdcrns endpktci pnr ch huobr `c uikõi y hns scoui`ns sc uici b ntrn huobr y bhtcrbi hb cstrueturb `ch trbispnrtb`nr. Ch trbispnrtc betkvn puc`c scr rcbhkzb`n `c trcs lnrdbs prkiekpbhcs7 2. Prbispnrtc rbispnrtc betkvn betkvn prkdb prkdbrkn rkn (hbs fndfb fndfbs s kdpuhsb` kdpuhsb`bs bs pnr BPZ). 6. Prbispnrtc rbispnrtc betkvn betkvn sceui`brk sceui`brkn n (hns trbispnrtb` trbispnrtb`nrcs nrcs benphb` benphb`ns). ns).

5. Fndfbs kdpuhsb`bs pnr hb huz  (prkiekpbhdcitc  (prkiekpbhdcitc ci fbetcrkbs).

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Dcebiksdns `c trbispnrtc b trbvës `c hb dcdfrbib phbsdâtkeb 

Lkourb 37 prkiekpkn fâsken `c hns dcebiksdns `c trbispnrtc hb `klcrciekb `c eniecitrbekõi (_k`dbkcr y enh. 6::5)

3.2 trbispnrtc betkvn prkdbrkn Ch trbispnrtc betkvn prkdbrkn eudphc eni tn`bs hbs ebrbetcrästkebs `ch trbispnrtc bitcs `cserktn, `c cstc tkpn `c trbispnrtc, cs `cekr7 ci enitrb `ch orb`kcitc `c eniecitrbekõi, eniecitrbekõi, kivnhuerb obstn cicroëtken y cstb dc`kb`n pnr ebrrkcrs. Zbrb cstc tkpn `c trbispnrtc cienitrbdns cgcdphns ehâskens y quc sni tbi kdpnrtbitcs quc uib dbhb luiekõi `c chhns pn`räb scr lbtbh, b enitkiubekõi sc `cserkfci bhouins `c chhns. 2. Ib+A+ BPZbsb, tbdfkëi eninek`b endn fndfb `c sn`kn y pntbskn, sc cieucitrb ci ebsk hb tntbhk`b` `c hbs eëhuhbs `ch nrobiksdn, pcrdktc quc dc`kbitc ch obstn `c uib dnhëeuhb `c BPZ kiorcsc b hb eëhuhb `ns knics `c A+ y quc sbhobi `c chhb 5 knics `c Ib+, ci enitrb `ch orb`kcitc `c eniecitrbekõi. 6. Eb+6 BPZbsb, hb fndfb `c ebhekn sc cieucitrb ci hb dcdfrbib `ch rctäeuhn sbrenphâsdken. Bh neupbr uib dnhëeuhb `c BPZ pcrdktc quc ch rctäeuhn ci`nphâsdken rcebptc `ns knics `c Eb+6, eudphc kdpnrtbitcs luieknics ci hb enitrbeekõi duseuhbr y ntrns dcebiksdns ci hns quc pbrtkekpb ch Eb+6 kitrbechuhbr.

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Dcebiksdns `c trbispnrtc b trbvës `c hb dcdfrbib phbsdâtkeb 

5. M+ A+ B BPZbsb PZbsb (fndfb `c prntnics), cs ch dcebik dcebiksdn sdn `c trbispnrtc quc utkhkzbi hbs eëhuhbs pbrkctbhcs oâstrkebs pbrb sbebr ui M+ mbekb ch hudci oâstrken pbrb lnrdbr bek`n ehnrmä`rken. Cstb fndfb sc kimkfc dc`kbitc ui lârdben (ndcprbznh), utkhkzb`n utkhkzb`n ci blceeknics oâs oâstrkebs, trkebs, endn hbs uh uhecrbs ecrbs oâstrkebs, c cstc stc sc trbislnrdb ci ui dctbfnhktn quc endpktc pnr ch sktkn `c uikõi `ch A+.

Lkourb