=. Wd pfstg iariuomr kugif MLI (ifdsuotg om caburm =) sfpfrtm udm imrbm ^= 0 =2>> ol qug mitúm gd su pmrtg supgrafr. Wdm sgbudhm imrbm ^< gstí
hastraluahm udacfr`g`gdtg morghghfr hg om pomim hg iulagrtm hgo pfstg gd L. ML L Go=haí`gtrf pmrtgs mrtgs adcg adcgrafr rafr hgo pfstg sfd h M 0 0 .927gad, rgspgitavm`gdtg. .gspgsfr .7 ad, hLIhg . ol y ^< mkfrm sg cajm gd `` ( M Mg 0 =.>27 ``. eD, iumdhf gstí if`pogtm`gdtg imrbmhf, sg jmom ogdtm`gdtg kmiam mrralm pfr udm pastm adioadmhm `ghamdtg ud imlog hg migrf (ifdsuotg om caburm 9). Go imlog tagdg ud írgm hg sgii aùd trmdsvgrsmo gc git av m hg 81> `` y go ídbuof m hg om adioadmiaùd gs 9>¾. Imoi uog go gsc ugrzf ugrzf hg t gdsaùd ω gd go i mlog. <
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Adbgdagràm gd @gimtrùdaim @gimtrùdaim
8. Yg pruglmd trgs `mtgramogs hacgrgdtgs, hgsabdmhfs M, L y I, sg gdsmymd gd tgdsaùd g`pogmdhf `ugstrms hg gdsmyf qug tagdgd haí`gtr haí`gtrfs fs hg >>.7>7 .7>7 ad y ofdbatuhgs ofd batuhgs imoalr imoalrmhm mhmss hg ad (ifdsuotg om caburm 8). Gd om cmoom, sg vg qug oms hastmdiams gdtrg oms `mrims hg imoalrmiaùd sfd . ad
(ifdsuotg om caburm 7). Go migrf tagdg ud `ù `ùhuof huof hg 3 gomstaiahmh G 0 psa y udm ud m rgom rgomiaùd iaùd hg ^fassfd d 0 >. >= = ad, iumdhf sg if`pra`g pfr cugrzms mxamogs. ¶Iuío gs om imrbm `íxa`m hg if`prgsaùd ^`íx pgr`atahm6 pgr`atahm6
Adbgdagràm gd @gimtrùdaim @gimtrùdaim
3. Wdm `ádsuom cfr`mhm ifd ud pgrcao mdbuomr tagdg ud gspgsfr t 0 >.27 ad y gstí udahm mo pmtàd hg udm ifou`dm `ghamdtg hfs pgrdfs hg 7/; ad hg haí`gtrf (ifdsuotg om caburm 3). Wdm imrbm hastraluahm udacfr`g`gdtg hg udm vabm hg pasf mitúm sflrg om imrm supgrafr hg om `ádsuom ifd udm prgsaùd p 0 .> ad. Hgtgr`adg om prgsaùd hg sfpfrtg prf`ghaf ω gdtrg om `ádsuom hg ídbuof y ofs pgrdfs, y go gscugrzf ifrtmdtg raiiaùd prf`ghaf t gd ofs pgrdfs. (Df tgdbm gd iugdtm om c ra gdtrg om `ádsuom y om ifou`dm.) l
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Adbgdagràm gd @gimtrùdaim @gimtrùdaim
2. Om gsimogrm adioadmhm ML sfpfrtm m ud padtfr hg imsms (;< eb) gd I y go pgsf prfpaf (q 0 93 D/`) hg om gsimogrm. Imhm rago hg om gsimogrm ( t 0 8 ``) gstí sfpfrtmhf pfr udm zmpmtm (t 0 7 ``) qug gstí sujgtm mo rago hg om gsimogrm `ghamdtg ud pgrdf i fd haí`gtrf h 0 ; ``. (m) Gdiugdtrg oms rgmiiafdgs hg sfpfrtg gd M y L. (l) Gdiugdtrg om cugrzm rgsuotmdtg gd go pgrdf hg om zmpmtm gd M. (i) Gdiugdtrg go gscugrzf ifrtmdtg `íxa`f prf`ghaf ( ψ ) y ofs gscugrzfs hg sfpfrtg (ω ) gd go pgrdf hg om zmpmtm gd M. r
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Adbgdagràm gd @gimtrùdaim @gimtrùdaim
;. Om pmrtg supgrafr hg ud sgrruikf hg pártabm g`pogmhf pmrm rgifrtmr rm`ms pgqugýms hg írlfogs sg `ugstrm gd om pmrtg (m) hg om caburm ;. Om kfjm hg ifrtg LIH Uifdsuotg oms pmrtgs (m) y (l) hg om caburmP mpoaim udm cugrzm ^ gd go pudtf H. Df tgdbm gd iugdtm go gcgitf hgo `ugoog hg rgtfrdf hálao ifdgitmhf m om kfjm hg ifrtg hglmjf hg L. Wsg oms prfpaghmhgs y oms ha`gdsafdgs hmhms gd om caburm. (m) Gdiugdt Gdiugdtrg rg om cugrz cugrzmm ^ sflrg om kfjm hg ifrtg gd H sa om cugrzm hg tgdsaùd gd om iugrhm gs X 0 ...97 ad). Wdm imrbm ^ if`pra`g go dúiogf y om iulagrtm, qug tagdgd ofdbatuhgs O 0 8.> ad. Ofs `ùhuofs hg gomstaiahmh hgo omtùd y hgo migrf sfd G 0 =7 Ò => 3 psa y G 0 9> Ò =>3 psa, rgspgitavm`gdtg. l
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(m (m)) ¶]uá imrbm ^ if`pra`arí go ifdjudtf gd >.>>9 ad6 (l (l)) Ya go gscugr gscugrzf zf pgr`as pgr`asalog alog gd go migrf gs . Wdm lmrrm hg migrf hg =7 `` hg haí`gtrf sg sfstagdg car`g`gdtg (pgrf sad gscugrzfs adaiamogs) gdtrg hfs `urfs ràbahfs pfr om ifdcaburmiaùd qug sg `ugstrm gd om c aburm aburm =>. (^mrm om lmrrm hg mi grf utaoai g ν 0 = /¾I y G 0 > B ^m.) (m) Imoiuog om imàhm hg tg`pgrmturm ∃X (brmhfs Igosaus) m om iumo go gscugrzf ifrtmdtg prf`ghaf gd go pgrdf hg =< `` hg haí`gtrf gs 87 @^m. (l) ¶Iuíogs sfd ofs gscugrzfs hg sfpfrtg prf`ghaf gd go pgrdf y om kfrquaoom gd M ’3
y om mrmdhgom (h 0 ``) y go ` urf ( t 0 =; ``) gd L6 w
Adbgdagràm gd @gimtrùdaim @gimtrùdaim
==. Wdm lmrrm hg iflrg ifd sgiiaùd trmdsvgrsmo rgitmdbuomr gstí sfstgdahm sad mpoaimr dadbúd gscugrzf gdtrg hfs sfpfrtgs ràbahfs (ifdsuotg om caburm ==). Ougbf sg mu`gdtm om tg`pgrmturm hg om lmrrm 7>¾I.
Hgtgr`adg ofs gscugrzfs sflrg tfhms oms imrms hg ofs gog`gdtfs M y L, y `ugstrg gstfs gscugrzfs gd halujfs hg ofs gog`gdtfs. (Yupfdbm ν 0 =2.7 Ò => 3 /¾I y G 0 = B^m.) ’
Adbgdagràm gd @gimtrùdaim @gimtrùdaim
=,>>> psa y 7>>> psa, if`f if` f sg `ugstrm `ugstrm gd om caburm. ugrzf i frtmdtg ψ y (m) Hgtgr`adg go ídbuof λ y go gsc ugrzf `ugstrg tfhfs ofs gscugrzfs gd ud hambrm`m hgo λ λ
gog`gdtf. (l) Hgtgr`adg go gscugrzf dfr`mo `íxa`f s `íx y go gsc ugrzf ugrzf i frtmdtg ` íx a`f ψ gd go `mtgramo. ` `íx íx
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