Measuring, Analyzing and Representing Elevator Ride Confort by Using the EVA-625

EVA-625 Ride Quality Analyzer User Instruction

MEASURING, ANALYZING AND REPRESENTING ELEVATOR RIDE COMFORT BY USING THE EVA-625 (PMT) RIDE COMFORT ANALYZER 1

INTRODUCTION The EVA-625 ride and noise comfort analyser is a simple to use but powerful tool for recording and analysing elevator vibration and noise. This instruction will enable you to make ride comfort readings and analyse the collected data with a minimum understanding of the EVA system vocabulary.

2

MAIN APPLICATIONS NEB - new elevator business • • • •

installation quality check (car vibration isolation, car static balancing, guide shoe adjustments, guide rails, motor imbalance, gear etc.) drive and control system final tuning elevator "birth certificate" NEB-SEB hand-over

SEB - maintenance • • • • •

maintaining the performance of the elevator to the original specifications enhancement of maintenance monitoring (evidence to the customer) comprehensive survey at the beginning of the contract measurements of the maintenance work quality technical performance measurements protect us from technical surprises

SEB - modernization • •

measurements enable us to make quantified improvements to elevators without significant capital investments measurements before and after modernization for comparison

OTHER (NEB & SEB) • • • • • •

bench marking of different elevators in same range of use customer support troubleshooting contract specifications competitiveness general noise and vibration measurements (removable accelerometer sensor block)

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EVA-625 Ride Quality Analyzer User Instruction

INDEX OF CONTENTS 1

INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

2

MAIN APPLICATIONS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

3

MINIMUM PC HARDWARE REQUIREMENTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

4

DEFINITIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

5

ELEVATOR RIDE COMFORT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

6

EVA-625 OPERATIONAL OVERVIEW . . . . . 6.1 CONFIGURING THE EVA-625 SYSTEM 6.2 COLLECT DATA. . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.3 TRANSFER DATA . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.4 ANALYSIS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

7

RESULT ANALYSIS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

8

REFERENCE CURVES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

9

CAR DRIVE CURVE (DC) SHAPE AND START/STOP KICK (SK) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11

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10 CLASS USAGE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . APPENDIX 1. Example of usage of Excel sheet rq_calc.xls APPENDIX 2. Elevator vibration and noise diagnostic guide APPENDIX 3. Elevator Ride Quality Report Sheet . . . . .

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MINIMUM PC HARDWARE REQUIREMENTS • • • • •

4

Hard disc with minimum 4Mb spare memory 80836 or higher with maths co-processor (486 or higher is recommended) Windows 3.1, NT 3.51, 95 or later versions VGA or higher resolution screen 1.44 Mb floppy drive

DEFINITIONS X

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Lateral quaking back to front

Y

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Lateral quaking side to side

Z

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Vertical vibration

Pk/Pk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Peak to peak

5

DC

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Drive curve

SK

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Start/stop kick

A95

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A95 is a typical PK/Pk value based on statistical analysis that 95% of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . the PK/PK readings are less than or equal to this value.

gal

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Vibration acceleration rate 1 gal = 1 cm/s2

ELEVATOR RIDE COMFORT Elevator ride comfort can be divided into four main areas: 1 Noise Level Noise in the car originates from many sources, typically machinery, ropes, pulleys, guide shoes and air turbulence in the lift well. Correct elevator car vibration isolation and guide shoes will decrease the noise level. In high speed elevators, wind deflectors above and below the car, diverting pulley sound attenuating boxes (2:1 roping) and rope hole silencers can be used. In the case of narrow single lift wells, holes should be used in lift well walls in order to minimise air pressure increase from airturbulence. 2 Lateral Quaking (X and Y) Lateral quaking is horizontal swaying and vibration of the elevator car and is caused mainly by bends on the guide rails or inadequate performance from the roller/sliding guide shoes. Usually only the low frequency vibrations are of concern here because a human being, when standing upright, is fairly sensitive to low frequency horizontal vibrations but not as sensitive to high frequency horizontal vibrations. (At low frequency the whole body moves but at higher frequencies the feet move but the upper body remains stationary). Lateral quaking is measured in two directions perpendicular to each

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EVA-625 Ride Quality Analyzer User Instruction

other; back to front (X) and side to side (Y). Correct car static balancing, (especially in high speed elevators), and guide shoe adjustment is usually enough to guarantee low lateral quaking. Guide rail joints must be as straight as possible. 3 Vertical Vibration (Z) Vertical vibration (Z) is mainly caused by vibration originating from the hoisting machinery or pulleys and is transmitted to the car through the ropes. Most of this vibration, (higher frequencies), is isolated in the car sling and platform vibration isolators. If not, a mechanical short-circuit between the car and car sling may be apparent or calculation of the vibration isolation is wrong. Also the motor dynamic balancing and/or the drive system adjustments should be checked. 4 Motion control The shape and level of the elevator drive curve, (DC-coupled vibration acceleration in Z direction) has a major effect on elevator ride comfort. During acceleration or deceleration the passenger has a sensation of increasing or decreasing weight. If the changes are too rapid and uncontrolled the ride is uncomfortable. In this case, drive system, brake and load weighing devices and brake timing should be checked. It should also be checked that the elevator is not sticking to the guide rails due to high forces (=>high friction) between the guide rails and sliding guide shoes.

6

EVA-625 OPERATIONAL OVERVIEW The following is a brief summary of the main steps. Complete instructions can be found from the EVA625 Instruction Manual.

6.1

CONFIGURING THE EVA-625 SYSTEM From EVA-625 software: EVA Communications => Configure EVA From EVA-625 keyboard: MAIN MENU => CONFIGURE => SET OPERATIONS – – – –

memory mode: stop when full sample rate/cutoff frequency: 256/80 Hz record length: e.g. 40 sec trigger mode: manual

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EVA-625 Ride Quality Analyzer User Instruction

6.2

COLLECT DATA •

• • •

•

6.3

TRANSFER DATA • • •

6.4

Place the EVA-625 system on the floor of the elevator so that the handle is pointing away from the car doors (your face is towards the car doors) and make sure that it is level and cannot rock. If possible place the unit to the centre of the floor. Always place the unit in the same position in order to ensure reliable comparison. Turn the system on and check the battery voltage (min. 11.5 V). Remove the microphone from its strap. Select MEASURE RIDE => ELEVATOR => RIDE. You can now insert the ID number (0000...9999) if you want. Then press Ent + Ent. The analyser is now WAITING FOR TRIGGER and is eliminating offsets from the accelerometer signals and therefore you are not allowed to move the analyser any more! Press Ent once more => analyser starts recording the vibrations and noise (RECORDING). Press a car call up or down. Make sure that you are not moving or making any sound during the ride. The microphone should be held in the centre of the car about 1.5 meters above the floor and pointing towards the car doors. When the ride is completely finished (elevator is not moving at all) press Ent key.

Connect the EVA-625 to your computer using the supplied serial cable. Start the EVA software and turn on the EVA-625. Select EVA Communications => Retrieve Data. The data that was stored will be transferred and stored in the chosen directory. Enter any report information that you wish to have stored with each/ all recordings and push Finish.

ANALYSIS • •

Choose Select File under File. Select Elevator Vibration Analysis Tools under Analysis.

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EVA-625 Ride Quality Analyzer User Instruction

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RESULT ANALYSIS The following summarises the actions necessary to evaluate car ride quality:

Step 1 2

Action Start the EVA software Go to menu Settings menu Select Set Units & Analysis and following settings.

Note

Figure 1.

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EVA-625 Ride Quality Analyzer User Instruction

Step

3

Step 4 5

6

7

Action

Note

Go to Default Processing on Display and push Properties and select the following:

Action Go to File menu and Select File. Choose the record that you want to analyse. Go to Analysis menu and select Elevator Vibration Analysis Tools. Push Scale in Graph submenu. Select Manual X,Y,Z Scaling and set Manual Scaling-gals: X and Y Channel to 20 and Z Channel to 150 gals. Set the whole run and full speed areas (four vertical dash lines 1...4) by pushing Mark in Graph submenu. Follow the instructions.

Note

Measured signals will be now displayed on the screen.

Lines 1 and 4 should be shifted inwards if there is very short start delay or clear advanced door opening to exclude noise and/or movement caused by the car door operation.

Figure 2. The full speed area

The whole run area

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EVA-625 Ride Quality Analyzer User Instruction

Step 8

9

10

11

12

Action Read noise level in car from Run Sound (maximum) and Ave. Sound (average) fields. Read car Pk/Pk vibration levels from Max Pk/Pk (maximum) and A95 ("typical"» average) fields for X, Y and Z directions. Push Vel. in Show submenu. Velocity (speed) curve will be displayed in the upper part of the display. Read the maximum and A95 level in the field Max Velocity and V95. Push Acc in Show submenu. Acceleration curve will be displayed in the upper part of the display. Read the maximum and A95 levels in the field Max/95 Accel and Decel. Push Jerk in Show submenu. Jerk curve will be displayed in the upper part of the display. Read the maximum level in the field Max Jerk.

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Note

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REFERENCE CURVES Figure 3.Maximum noise level in car

dB(A)

Noise Level Max 64 62 60 58 56 54 52 50 48 46

Class BB Class B Class A Class AA 0

1

2

Class AAA 3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

Speed [m /s]

Figure 4.Maximum lateral quaking in car (low-pass 12 Hz)

gal

Max Pk/Pk [gal]

X&Y Pk-Pk Max 60 55 50 45 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5

Class BB Class B Class A Class AA Class AAA 0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

Speed [m /s]

Figure 5.Maximum vertical vibration in car (low-pass 80 Hz)

gal

Max Pk/Pk [gal]

Z Pk-Pk Max 70 65 60 55 50 45 40 35 30 25 20 15 10

Class BB Class B Class A Class AA Class AAA 0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

Speed [m /s]

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Maximum noise and maximum X&Y Pk/Pk values are calculated from the whole run (between lines 1...4) excluding possible noise and movement caused by the doors, brakes etc. Z Pk-Pk values are calculated from the full speed area (between lines 2…3). Car fan, air conditioning or audible alarms, chimes and announcement features should remain off during the measurement (if possible). Each class is in increased by "+" if the parameter value is closer to a higher class than a lower one. Example1: speed 5,0 m/s, maximum vertical vibration Pk/Pk 25 gal => inside class AA and closer to class A than AAA => class AA Example2: speed 5,0 m/s, maximum vertical vibration Pk/Pk 20 gal => inside class AA and closer to class AAA than A => class AA+ Average noise and A95 Pk/Pk (typical) values must fulfil the following conditions: If Noise Max > 50 dB(A) then Average Noise ≤ Noise Max - 3 dB(A) If Noise Max ≤ 50 dB(A) then Average Noise ≤ Noise Max - 2 dB(A) If Noise Max ≤ 47 dB(A) then Average Noise ≤ Noise Max - 1 dB(A) If Max Pk/Pk > 12 gal then A95 Pk/Pk ≤ 0.80 x Max Pk/Pk If Max Pk/Pk ≤ 12 gal then A95 Pk/Pk ≤ 0.90 x Max Pk/Pk If Max Pk/Pk ≤ 10 gal then A95 Pk/Pk < Max Pk/Pk Class is decreased by "-" if the average or typical values do not fulfil these conditions. Example: speed 2.0 m/s, max noise level 56 dB(A), average noise level 54 dB(A). Max level is inside class B but average level 54 dBA is greater than max level - 3 =>final noise class B- =BB+

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CAR DRIVE CURVE (DC) SHAPE AND START/STOP KICK (SK) The car drive curve should be inside a DC gal wide area during linear acceleration and deceleration. Possible start and stop kicks should be less than SK gal. NOTE! The maximum deviation from the "ideal" drive curve must be approximated if clear linear acceleration and/or deceleration phases cannot be found.

Parameter DC (gal) SK (gal)

Class AAA < 18 < 20

Class AA < 30 < 35

Class A < 40 < 45

Class B < 55 < 60

Class BB < 55 < 60

Each class in increased by “+” if the parameter value is closer to higher class than lower one. Example1: DC 29 gal => class AA Example2: DC 19 gal => class AA+

DC SK

SK

DC

*

DC SK

DC

SK

Note: These are unfiltered curves.

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EVA-625 Ride Quality Analyzer User Instruction

*

Low acceleration/deceleration and jerk values and constantly decreasing deceleration make the ride smoother from passenger ride quality point of view. But it must be noted that constantly decreasing deceleration (slow but smooth levelling) can increase the elevator door to door performance time by seconds! This is defined as the time from when the door starts to close, to the time that the doors are open 800 mm, at the next floor during a one floor run. The same applies when low acceleration/ deceleration or jerk values are used. As a rule of thumb, the elevator door to door performance time should be always optimised to the minimum by adjustment. At the same time, the elevator ride quality specifications must be taken into account. Some customers want very smooth elevators with low acceleration/deceleration and jerk values. In that case, elevator door to door performance time might be quite high. The performance requirements for, both elevator ride quality and door to door performance must be taken into account when the specifications for the lift are defined.

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CLASS USAGE

Class AAA is typically used with exclusive gearless elevators or exclusive geared elevators with roller guide shoes. Class AAA is very demanding and is usually achieved by some special components and deliveries only. Class AA is typically used with exclusive geared elevators with sliding guide shoes or commercial gearless elevators. Class A is typically for commercial geared or volume type elevators. Class B is typically for other type of elevators when the ride comfort is not an big issue (e.g. hydros, one-speed and two-speed elevators, some high volume elevators and similar). In other cases some further adjustments are recommended. Class BB is for elevators where ride comfort is not an issue.

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EVA-625 Ride Quality Analyzer User Instruction

APPENDIX 1. Example of usage of Elevator Ride Quality Report Sheet

Royal Park Hotel Units: gals Sound(dBA)

100

7 in group / 3

File: 6GWEFV42.VE2

22:24:04 02/15/97

Run Sound: 57.5 Ave. Sound: 48.9 Max Sound: 72.8

75 50.0

50

14.7

Max Pk/Pk: 13.2 A95: 10.8 0-Pk: 7.2

LP X

10 0 -10

-14.7 14.7

Max Pk/Pk: 7.6 A95: 6.8 0-Pk: 12.8

LP Y

10 0 -10

100

-14.7 Max Pk/Pk: 22.8 A95: 15.6 0-Pk: 97.3

SK=11

DC=25

14.7

Z

0 -14.7 1

-100 0

5

2

10

15

3

20

25 Seconds

30

Royal Park Hotel Units: gals

35

4

40

45

50

7 in group / 3

File: 6GWEFV42.VE2

22:24:04 02/15/97

1 0

Max Velocity: -8.90 V95: 8.87

-1 -2 -3 -4 -5 -6 -7 -8 1

-9 5

2

10

15

20

3

25 30 Seconds

40

45

50

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Royal Park Hotel Units: gals

7 in group / 3

File: 6GWEFV42.VE2

22:24:04 02/15/97

1.0

Z Accel. m/sec^2

Max/95 Accel: -0.893/0.841 Decel: 0.913/0.857

0.5

0.0

-0.5

1

5

2

10

15

3

20

25 30 Seconds

Royal Park Hotel Units: gals

Z Jerk m/s^3

1.0

35

4

40

45

50

7 in group / 3

File: 6GWEFV42.VE2

22:24:04 02/15/97

Max Jerk: -1.0

0.5

0.0

-0.5

1

-1.0 5

2

10

15

3

20

25 30 Seconds

40

45

50

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EVA-625 Ride Quality Analyzer User Instruction

Performance Speed Acceleration Deceleration Jerk

Maximum 8,9 0,893 0,913 1,1

A95 8,87 0,841 0,857

Noise

Maximum 57,5

Average 48,9

dB(A)

Maximum 13,2 7,6 22,8

A95 10,8 6,8 15,6

gal gal gal

Vibration X Y Z

Pk/Pk Pk/Pk Pk/Pk

Drive Curve Shape and Start/Stop Kicks DC Maximum 25 SK Maximum 11 Parameter Noise X Pk/Pk Y Pk/Pk Z Pk/Pk DC SK

gal gal

Class A AA+ AAA AA+ AA AAA

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Unit m/s m/s2 m/s2 m/s3

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EVA-625 Ride Quality Analyzer User Instruction

APPENDIX 2. Elevator vibration and noise diagnostic guide EVA-625 Analysis Y = Yes High vertical (Z) vibration

N

N = No

Y Low frequency vibrations ( 10 Hz)

4. Sliding guide shoe friction (also on CWT)

1. Dampering between car and car sling (amount of rubber pads, compressions)

N

Y Check following:

3. Fan adjustment 4. Cause for any shaft noise 5.Roller guide shoe adjustment (AM-07.07.006 to AM-07.07.010)

2. Any contacts of car and car sling (AM-01.01.010) 3. Drive adjustment (P-gain)

6. Sliding guide shoe friction (also on CWT)

4. Motor parameters Ki

7. Roller and sliding guide shoe condition

5. Gear and coupling pins

8. Need of rope silencer

6. Tacho voltage ripple 7. Motor balance

Vertical vibration OK?

N

Y

Horizontal vibration OK?

N

Y

Acceleration and deceleration OK?

N

Noise level OK?

N

Y

Contact specialist Ready for hand over

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EVA-625 Ride Quality Analyzer User Instruction

APPENDIX 3. Elevator Ride Quality Report Sheet

Other elevator data:

Performance Speed Acceleration Deceleration Jerk

Maximum

A95 m/s m/s2 m/s2 m/s3

Maximum

Average

Noise Vibration X Y Z

dB(A) Maximum

A95

Pk/Pk Pk/Pk Pk/Pk

gal gal gal

Drive Curve Shape and Start/Stop Kicks DC Maximum gal SK Maximum gal Parameter Noise X Pk/Pk Y Pk/Pk Z Pk/Pk DC SK

Class

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EVA-625 Ride Quality Analyzer User Instruction

APPROVALS AND VERSION HISTORY

Compiled by: Checked by: Approved by: Issue Date -

Technical Editor / Ville Malmiala KCO Installation Support / Risto Vikström LCM / Jukka Hienonen KCO Installation Support / Bob Major Development Manager Modernisation Installation / Markku Haapaniemi Description of Change

2004-05-19 First issue

Ref CR Approved by Bob Major M. Haapaniemi

A B

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