MCEM Toxicology MCQ

MCEM Toxicology MCQ 1. Features of opiate withdrawal include: (a) Yawning.

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(b) Dilated pupils.

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(c) Auditory hallucinations.

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(d) Visual hallucinations.

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(e) Vomiting.

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Opiate withdrawal is associated with increased blood pressure, heart rate, lacrimation, rhinorhea, yawning, goosebumps, insomnia, aches and pains. 2. Hypercapnia may be caused by: (a) Hyperventilation. Hypoventilation causes hypercapnia. (b) Brainstem lesions. Depressed central respiratory drive. (c) Tetanus. Endogenous toxins such as tetanus can cause hypercapnia. (d) Botulism. Botulism is a neuromuscular toxin which causes neuromuscular impairment. (e) Organophosphate poisoning. Organophosphates are neuromuscular toxins which cause neuromuscular impairment. 3. Emergency complications of malignancy: (a) PR examination is relatively contraindicated in neutropaenic patients. PR examination is relatively contraindicated in neutropaenic patients.PR should be withheld until anti-biotics are administered because of the risk of infection. (b) The untreated mortality of neutropaenic ( 15min before the head injury is an indication for CT Brain Scan. False ?Amnesia for events >30min before the head injury is an indication for CT Brain Scan. (e) An acute rise in intracranial pressure may manifest as a central respiratory depression. True ?An acute rise in intracranial pressure may manifest as a central respiratory depression. Cushings response occurs with bradycardia and hypertension

MCEM Toxicology MCQ Abdominal structures corresponding to vertebral levels:

(a) The renal arteries originate at the vetebral level of L1/2. True ?The renal arteries originate at the vetebral level of L1/2. (b) The spinal cord ends in adults at the level of L1/2. True ?The spinal cord ends in adults at the level of L1/2. (c) The azygous and hemiazygous veins are formed at L4 vertebral level. False ?The azygous and hemiazygous veins are formed at L2 vertebral level (d) The ligament of treitz is at the level of the upper border of the L4 vertebra. False ?The ligament of treitz is at the level of the upper border of the L2 vertebra . (e) The umbilicus is at the vertebral level of L3/4. True ?The umbilicus is at the vertebral level of L3/4.

MCEM Toxicology MCQ Gunshot Wounds:

(a) Temporary cavitation is caused by a sonic shock wave in high velocity injuries. False ? (b) Solid organs such as liver resist cavitation more than softer tissues such as lung False ? (c) High velocity injuries usually have less bacterial contamination False ? (d) Abdominal gunshot wounds invariably require laparotomy. True ? (e) Cranial gunshot wounds invariably require ventilation. True ?

MCEM Toxicology MCQ With regard to innervation of the ear

(a) The anterior half of the ear is supplied by the auriculotemporal nerve which is a branch of the mandibular portion of the trigeminal nerve. True (b) The posterior half of the ear is supplied by branch of the trigeminal nerve. False (c) The posterior part of the ear is supplied by 2 nerve branches derived from the cervical plexus. True (d) The vagus nerve has no role in the inervation of the ear. False (e) The vagus nerve supplies the external auditory canal. True

The anterior half of the ear is supplied by the auriculotemporal nerve which is a branch of the mandibular portion of the trigeminal nerve.The posterior part of the ear is supplied by 2 nerve branches derived from the cervical plexus.The vagus nerve supplies the external auditory canal.The position for an ear block is where the ear lobe attaches to the head.

MCEM Toxicology MCQ Elbow Dislocation

(a) On lateral X Ray the radius and the ulna are most commonly displaced posteriorly. True ?On lateral X Ray the radius and the ulna are most commonly displaced posteriorly. (b) The most frequent neurological injury is to the median nerve. False ?The most frequent neurological injury is to the ulnar nerve. (c) On clinical exam the olecranon process is commonly not prominent. False ?On clinical exam the olecranon process is commonly prominent. (d) On clinical exam the elbow is commonly flexed at 90 degrees. False ?On clinical exam the elbow is commonly flexed at 45 degrees and the olecranon is prominent. (e) Vascular complications occur in about 10% of elbow dislocations. True ?The most common artery involved is the brachial artery.

MCEM Toxicology MCQ Structure Function and Mechanics of the Vertebral Column:

(a) Flexion and extension of the vertebral column is extensive in the cervical and thoracic regions but limited by the lumbar region. False ?Flexion and extension of the vertebral column is extensive in the cervical and lumbar regions but limited by the thoracic region because of the rib cage. (b) The cervical vertebrae normally have a posterior convexity while the thoracic region has a posterior concavity. False ?The cervical vertebrae normally have a posterior concavity while the thoracic region has a posterior convexity. (c) There is normally 7 cervical vertebrae, 12 thoracic vertebrae, 5 lumbar vertebrae, and 5 sacral vertebrae, and 4 coccygeal vertebrae. True ?There is normally 7 cervical vertebrae, 12 thoracic vertebrae, 5 lumbar vertebrae, and 5 sacral vertebrae, and 4 coccygeal vertebrae. (d) Rotation ( twisting movement ) of the body is least extensive in the cervical region. False ?Rotation of the body is least extensive in the lumbar region. (e) Lateral flexion of the body is restricted by the cervical section of the vertebral column False ?Lateral flexion of the body is restricted by the thoracic section of the vertebral column

MCEM Toxicology MCQ Maxillofacial radiographs

(a) Orthopantomogram view can be used to assess the frontal bones False ?OPG is used to assess the mandible (b) Submentovertical projection is used to assess the zygomatic arch True ? (c) Occiptomental views are used to assess the maxilla True ?Occiptomental views are used to assess the maxilla, orbital floors and zygomatic arches (d) Occipitomental views are used to assess the orbital floors True ?Occiptomental views are used to assess the maxilla, orbital floors and zygomatic arches (e) Occipitomental views are used to assess the zygomatic arches True ?Occiptomental views are used to assess the maxilla, orbital floors and zygomatic arches

MCEM Toxicology MCQ Surface Anatomy:

(a) The pharynx becomes the oesophagus at C6 True ?The pharynx becomes the oesophagus at C6 (b) C7 is the first clearly palpable spinous process. True ?C7 is the first clearly palpable spinous process. (c) The superior border of the scapula is at T3 False ?The superior border of the scapula is at T2 (d) The suprasternal notch is at the level of T2/3 True ?The suprasternal notch is at the level of T2/3 (e) The end of the oblique fissure of the lung is at the spine of T3 True ?The end of the oblique fissure of the lung is at the spine of T3

MCEM Toxicology MCQ Surface Anatomy of the Anterior Forearm:

(a) The brachial artery divides into the radial and ulnar arteries just below the line of the elbow joint. True ?The brachial artery divides into the radial and ulnar arteries just below the line of the elbow joint. (b) The radial artery lies in a groove between the flexor carpi radialis and the anterior border of the radius. True ?The radial artery lies in a groove between the flexor carpi radialis and the anterior border of the radius. The radial artery lies in a groove between the flexor carpi radialis and the anterior border of the radius. (c) The radial artery can be palpated on the lateral side of the trapezium in the anatomical snuff box. False ?The radial artery can be palpated on the lateral side of the scaphoid in the anatomical snuff box. (d) In the area of the wrist and hand the ulnar artery is covered by the palmer aponeurosis. True ?In the area of the wrist and hand the ulnar artery is covered by the palmer aponeurosis. (e) The pulsations of the ulnar artery are recognised lateral to the pisiform bone. True ?The pulsations of the ulnar artery are recognised lateral to the pisiform bone

MCEM Toxicology MCQ Radial Head Fractures

(a) Radial head fractures are the most common fractures of the elbow True ?Radial head fractures are the most common fractures of the elbow (b) The radial head articulates with the trochlea False ?The radial head articulates with the capitellum. (c) The radial head serves as a stabiliser against forces away from the midline. True ?The radial head serves as a stabiliser against valgus stress. (d) Radial head fractures are usually the result of a fall on an outstretched hand causing the radial head to be driven into the trochlea. False ?Radial head fractures are usually the result of a fall on an outstretched hand causing the radial head to be driven into the capitellum. (e) Are associated with medial epicondyle avulsion fractures. True ?This is secondary to valgus stress.

MCEM Toxicology MCQ Anatomical Considerations of the thoracic vertebrae:

(a) The start of the arch of the aorta is at T4/T5 True ?The start of the arch of the aorta is at T4/T5 (b) The sternum runs from T5 to T8 True ?The sternum runs from T5 to T8 (c) The upper border of the liver is usually at T9 False ?The upper border of the liver is usually at T6 (d) The inferior angle of the scapula is at T3 False ?The inferior angle of the scapula is at T7 (e) The IVC goes through the diaphragm at T8 True ?The IVC goes through the diaphragm at T8 ( along with the right phrenic nerve )

MCEM Toxicology MCQ the ulnar nerve is interrupted at the wrist the following muscles are not innervated.

(a) Palmaris brevis . True ?Palmaris brevis is innervated by the superficial terminal branch of the ulnar nerve in the hand. (b) Opponens pollicis False ?Opponens pollicis is innervated by the median nerve. (c) Flexor pollicis brevis False ?Flexor pollicis brevis is innervated by the median nerve. (d) Abductor pollicis brevis False ?Abductor pollicis brevis is innervated by the median nerve. (e) Flexor carpi ulnaris False ?Flexor carpi ulnaris is innervated by a branch of the ulnar nerve in the forearm.

MCEM Toxicology MCQ Neuroanatomy

(a) The fibers of the pyramids cross in the pons. False ?The fibers of the pyramids cross in the medulla.The crossing event is called the decussation of the pyramids (b) The cerebral peduncles largely contain motor fibers. True ?The cerebral peduncles largely contain motor fibers. (c) Motor and somatosensory information travel through the anterior limb of the internal capsule. False ?Motor and somatosensory information travel through the posterior limb of the internal capsule. (d) In the motor cortex the lateral side of the gyrus controls the hands and face. True ?In the motor cortex, the body is mapped out across the extent of the gyrus. Control of the feet lies near the midline at the top of the gyrus, whereas the lateral side of the gyrus controls the hands and face.

MCEM Toxicology MCQ The following headaches usually have associated focal abnormal neurology

(a) Migraine False ?Possible but not usual (b) Ca channel blocker associated headache False ? (c) Nitrates associated headache False ? (d) CO poisoning headache False ? (e) Temporal Arteritis False ? Other headaches without associated neurology include tension, and analgesic

MCEM Toxicology MCQ During initial management of a multiply injured patient:

(a) Shock management is the first priority. False ? (b) Cervical spine control is usually necessary. True ?Cervical spine control is usually necessary. (c) External haemorrhage should be ignored. False ? (d) Pulse oximetry is usually unhelpful. False ?The results of pulse oximetry should be interpreted with particular caution in the presence of abnormal haemoglobins(the pulse oximetry reading represents a summation of oxyhemoglobin and carboxyhemoglobin and in cases of carbon monoxide poisoning or in chronic, heavy smokers, a falsely reassuring pulse oximetry reading may mask arterial desaturation), nail polish, deeply pigmented skin, hypoperfusion, anemia, venous congestion, or when certain vital dyes (such as methylene blue, indocyanine green, fluorescein, indigo carmine, and isosulfan blue) are used for clinical purposes. (e) Ischaemic limbs demand immediate attention. False ?

MCEM Toxicology MCQ Chest drain insertion is usually indicated in patients with the following conditions:

(a) Mediastinal traversing wounds. True ? (b) Flail chest. True ?Flail chest occurs when three or more adjacent ribs are each fractured in two places, creating one floating segment comprised of several rib sections and the soft tissues between them. This unstable section of chest wall exhibits paradoxical motion (ie, it moves in the opposite direction of the uninjured, normalfunctioning chest wall) with breathing, and is associated with significant morbidity from pulmonary contusion. Abnormal motion can be difficult to detect making the diagnosis difficult. Initial management of flail chest consists of oxygen and close monitoring for early signs of respiratory compromise, ideally using both pulse oximetry and capnography in addition to clinical observation. Use of noninvasive positive airway pressure by mask may obviate the need for endotracheal intubation in alert patients. Patients with severe injuries, respiratory distress, or progressively worsening respiratory function require endotracheal intubation and mechanical ventilatory support. (c) Open pneumothorax. True ? (d) Ruptured diaphragm. False ? (e) Surgical emphysema. False ?

MCEM Toxicology MCQ Major Trauma:

(a) Pelvic fractures in children are rare and clinically apparent, making the routine screening pelvic X Ray obsolete. True ? (b) Hypertonic saline is beneficial in hypotensive patients with head injury. False ? (c) Steroids are beneficial in patients with head injury and GCS 1,000 cells/mm3 False ?RBC's >100,000 cells/mm3 (b) WBC's >100 cells/mm3 False ?>500 cells/mm3 (c) Food Particles True ? (d) Bile True ? (e) Faeces True ? Also 5ml gross blood, or exit of lavage fluid via chest tube or bladder catheter

MCEM Toxicology MCQ Brachioradialis:

(a) Flexes arm at the elbow. True ?Brachioradialis flexes the arm at the elbow. (b) Supinates the forearm. False Supination of the forearm is the action of the biceps brachii. (c) Brings forearm into midprone position. True ?Brachioradialis brings the forearm into the midprone position. (d) Brachioradialis is innervated by ulnar nerve. False Brachioradialis is innervated by the radial nerve. (e) Overlies ulnar artery. False ?Brachioradialis overlies the radial artery.

MCEM Toxicology MCQ The Optic Nerve:

(a) A bitemporal hemianopia may be caused by a pituitary tumor or a sella meningioma. True ?A bitemporal hemianopia may be caused by a pituitary tumor or a sella meningioma (b) A homonymous hemianopia is caused by a lesion of the optic tract to the occipital cortex. True ?A homonymous hemianopia is caused by a lesion of the optic tract to the occipital cortex. (c) An incomplete lesion of the optic tract is associated with a central scotomata. False ?An incomplete lesion of the optic tract is associated with macular ( central ) vision sparing (d) An upper quadrant homonymous hemianopia is associated with a parietal lobe lesion. False ?A lower quadrant homonymous hemianopia is associated with a parietal lobe lesion. (e) A lower quadrant homonymous hemianopia is associated with a temporal lobe lesion. False ?An upper quadrant homonymous hemianopia is associated with a temporal lobe lesion.

MCEM Toxicology MCQ Thoracic vertebrae:

(a) The top of the arch of the aorta is at the level of T3/4 True ?The top of the arch of the aorta is at the level of T3/4 (b) The manubrium sterni encompasses levels T3 and T4 True ?The manubrium sterni encompasses levels T3 and T4 (c) The azygous vein enters the SVC at T6 False ?The azygous vein enters the SVC at T4 (d) The angle of louis is at the level of T4/5 True ?The angle of louis is at the level of T4/5 (e) The bifurcation of the trachea is at the level of T4/T5 True ?The bifurcation of the trachea is at the level of T4/T5

MCEM Toxicology MCQ Wound Evaluation

(a) Diffuse bleeding most often occurs from the subdermal plexus and superficial veins True ? Diffuse bleeding most often occurs from the subdermal plexus and superficial veins (b) Povidone-iodine based skin disinfectant suppress bacterial growth on intact skin. True ? (c) Povidone-iodine based skin disinfectant should be used in the wound itslf to suppress bacterial growth. False ?Povidone-iodine based skin disinfectant should not be used in the wound itself as it may impair host defences and promote bacteria growth. (d) Chlorhexidine based skin disinfectant should be used in the wound itslf to suppress bacterial growth. False ?Chlorhexidine based skin disinfectant should not be used in the wound itself as it may impair host defences and promote bacteria growth. (e) In well perfused tissues (e.g., scalp) wounds closed without prior hair removal heal with an increase in infection. False ?In well perfused tissues (e.g., scalp) wounds closed without prior hair removal heal with no apparent increase in infection

MCEM Toxicology MCQ The circle of willis is supplied by

(a) External carotid arteries False ?The circle of willis is supplied by the internal carotid. (b) Basilar arteries True ?The basilar artery gives off the pontine, labyrinthine, superior and anterior inferior cerebellar arteries. (c) Union of vertebral arteries True ? (d) Brachial Artery False ? (e) Axillary artery False ?

MCEM Toxicology MCQ Central Vein Cannulation Complications include:

(a) Arterial laceration. True After failure of placement, this is the commonest complication of central line insertion. (b) Tension pneumothorax. True ? (c) Haemothorax is increased with IJV cannulation when compared to the subclavian route. False ? (d) Cardiac Tamponade. True ?Can be caused if the tip of the line lies below the pericardial reflection and it perforates the vessel wall. It's least likely to happen via the internal jugular vein (e) Air Embolism. True ? Other complications during placement can be nerve injury. After placement local infection or venous thrombosis can be possible complications.

MCEM Toxicology MCQ Hand Infections

(a) The hand position of function for splinting includes the MCP joint being at 50 to 90 degrees flexion. True ? (b) Midpalmer space infection occurs from spread of a flexor tenosynovitis or from a penetrating wound to the palm causing infection in the radial or ulnar bursa of the hand. True ? (c) Paronychia is an infection of the lateral nail fold. True ? (d) Flexor tenosynovitis is suggested by tenderness over the flexor tendon sheath. True ? (e) Closed fist injury ( human bite wound above the MCP joint resulting from punching an individual ) be be explored, irrigated and allowed to heal by secondary intention. True ?

MCEM Toxicology MCQ Eye Trauma:

(a) A hyphema is not a reflection on the degree of trauma sustained. False ?A hyphema suggests significant ocular trauma. (b) Restricted upward gaze suggests a blow out fracture with entrapment of the inferior rectus. True ?Restricted upward gaze suggests a blow out fracture with entrapment of the inferior rectus. (c) A ruptured globe is implied by a flat anterior chamber. True ?A ruptured globe is implied by a flat anterior chamber. (d) The sensation of the inferior orbital nerve is tested below the eye and on the ipsilateral side of the nose. True ?The sensation of the inferior orbital nerve is tested below the eye and on the ipsilateral side of the nose. (e) The pupil can be constricted or dilated after sustaining trauma. True ?The pupil can be constricted or dilated after sustaining trauma. Blowout fractures are the most common orbital fractures. These injuries occur when a blunt object strikes the globe, resulting in expansion of orbital contents and subsequent rupture through the bony floor. Patients may have enophthalmos, or sunken globe, when a large section is ruptured. Infraorbital anesthesia is a more common finding and develops when the infraorbital nerve is contused by the initial trauma or when compressed by bony fragments. Anesthesia of the maxillary teeth and upper lip is more reliable than numbness over the cheek. Diplopia, particularly on upward gaze that usually indicates inferior rectus muscle entrapment, is another important clinical finding. A step-off deformity may be palpated over the intraorbital rim. Subcutaneous emphysema is pathognomonic for fracture into a sinus or nasal antrum.

MCEM Toxicology MCQ An ulnar nerve lesion may be represented as follows:

(a) Hyperextension at the MCP joint of the little and ring fingers accompanied by flexion of the interphalangeal joints. True ?This is claw-like hand pattern.Hyperextension at the MCP joint of the little and ring fingers accompanied by flexion of the interphalangeal joints. (b) Clawing of the hand is more pronounced with a more proximal lesion. False ?Clawing of the hand is more pronounced with a lesion at the wrist as a lesion at or above the elbow causes loss of flexor digitorum profundus and less flexion at the IP joints. (c) Froments sign tests thumb adduction. True ?The patient is asked to grasp a piece of paper between the thumb and the lateral aspect of the index finger. (d) The ulnar nerve supplies the sensory component to the medial half of the ring finger. True ?The ulnar nerve supplies the sensory component to the medial half of the ring finger.

MCEM Toxicology MCQ The following are true:

(a) Knee flexion is performed by the quadriceps. False ?Knee flexion is performed by the hamstrings! (b) The hamstrings are innervated by the obturator nerve. False ?The hamstrings are innervated by the sciatic nerve. (c) The sciatic nerve innervates the quadriceps. False ?The femoral nerve(L2/3/4) innervates the quadriceps. (d) The obturator nerve is composed of fibers from L2,L3 and L4. True ?The obturator nerve is composed of fibers from L2,L3 and L4. (e) The sciatic nerve is responsible for ankle dorsiflexion True ?The common peroneal nerve is an extension of the sciatic nerve. Knee flexion is performed by the hamstrings which are innervated by the sciatic nerve(S1). The sciatic nerve is responsible for ankle dorsiflexion via the common peroneal nerve. The obturator nerve is composed of fibers from L2,L3 and L4.

MCEM Toxicology MCQ Ureters

(a) Each ureter measures approximately 10cm in length False ?Each ureter measures approximately 25cm ( 10 inches ) in length (b) Pass into the anterior surface of the urinary bladder False ?Each ureter passes into the posterior surface of the urinary bladder. (c) Ureteric stones frequently arrest where the renal pelvis joins the ureter. True ?Ureteric stones frequently arrest where the renal pelvis joins the ureter, where the ureter is kinked as it passes the pelvic brim and where the ureter pierces the bladder wall. (d) Are supplied in the inferior end by the renal arteries. False ?The upper end is supplied by the renal arteries, the middle is supplied by the testicular or the ovarian artery and the inferior end is supplied by the superior vesical artery. (e) Lymph drainage is to the lateral aortic and iliac nodes. True ?Lymph drainage is to the lateral aortic and iliac nodes.

MCEM Toxicology MCQ Lumbar Plexus:

(a) The lumbar plexus is formed by the anterior rami of the upper four lumbar nerves. True ?The lumbar plexus is formed by the anterior rami of the upper four lumbar nerves. (b) It is situated within the psoas muscle True ?It is situated within the psoas muscle (c) The femoral nerve originates from the lumbar plexus from L1 and L2. False ?The femoral nerve originates from the lumbar plexus from L2, L3 and L4 (d) The obturator nerve originates from L1 and L2. False ?The obturator nerve originates from L2, L3 and L4 (e) The obturator nerve innervates the adductors of the thigh and the skin on the medial surface of the thigh. True ?The obturator nerve innervates the adductors of the thigh and the skin on the medial surface of the thigh.

MCEM Toxicology MCQ The following are correct:

(a) The oesophageal opening in the diaphragm is at the level of T8 False ?The oesophageal opening in the diaphragm is at the level of T10 (b) Branches of the right gastric vessels go through the diaphragm at T10 False ?Branches of the left gastric vessels go through the diaphragm at T10 (c) The left phrenic nerve pierces the diaphragm lateral to the central tendon at the level of T6 False ?The left phrenic nerve pierces the diaphragm lateral to the central tendon at the level of T8 (d) The right phrenic nerve pierces the diaphragm with the IVC at T6 False ?The right phrenic nerve pierces the diaphragm with the IVC at T8 (e) The sternoxiphisternal joint is at the level of T8/9 True ?The sternoxiphisternal joint is at the level of T8/9

MCEM Toxicology MCQ The Brachial Plexus:

(a) The ulnar nerve is largely made up from C6 and C7 fibres. False ?The ulnar nerve is largely made up from C8 and T1 fibres. (b) The axillary nerve is given off by the posterior cord. True ?The axillary nerve is given off by the posterior cord. (c) The musculocutaneous nerve is made up from C5 , C6 , and C7 True ?The musculocutaneous nerve is made up from C5 , C6 , and C7 (d) The medial cord and the lateral cord form the median nerve True ?The medial cord and the lateral cord form the median nerve (e) The dorsal scapular nerve ( C5 ) supplies the serratus anterior muscle. False ?The dorsal scapular nerve ( C5 ) supplies the rhomboid muscles. Serratus Anterior is supplied by the long thoracic nerve.

MCEM Toxicology MCQ The following are true in relation to common root compression syndromes produced by lumbar disc prolapse: (a) An L5 root lesion will cause pain from the buttock to the lateral aspect of the leg and on the dorsum of the foot. True ?An L5 root lesion will cause pain from the buttock to the lateral aspect of the leg and on the dorsum of the foot. (b) An L4 root lesion will cause pain from the lateral aspect of the thigh to the medial side of the calf. True ?An L4 root lesion will cause pain from the lateral aspect of the thigh to the medial side of the calf. (c) An S1 root lesion will cause sensory loss on the sole of the foot and the posterior calf. True ?An S1 root lesion will cause sensory loss on the sole of the foot and the posterior calf. (d) An L5 root lesion will cause sensory loss on the dorsum of the foot and anterolateral aspect of the leg. True ?An L5 root lesion will cause sensory loss on the dorsum of the foot and anterolateral aspect of the leg.

MCEM Toxicology MCQ The Brachial Plexus: (a) In the axilla the posterior divisions unite to form the posterior cord True ?In the axilla the posterior divisions unite to form the posterior cord (b) The lateral cord supplies the extensor structures on the posterior aspect of the limb. False ?The posterior cord supplies the extensor structures on the posterior aspect of the limb. (c) The posterior division of the lower trunk forms the medial cord. False ?The anterior division of the lower trunk forms the medial cord. (d) The posterior cord may contain neurons from all the spinal nerves contributing to the brachial plexus True ?The posterior cord may contain neurons from all the spinal nerves contributing to the brachial plexus (e) The dorsal scapular nerve is a branch of C5. True ?The dorsal scapular nerve is a branch of C5

MCEM Toxicology MCQ Fissure In Ano (a) Cause painless rectal bleeding False ?Is a common casue of painful rectal bleeding (b) In most cases occur in the midline anteriorly False ?In most cases occur in the midline posteriorly. (c) Discomfort is constant between bowel motions. False ?Discomfort resolves between bowel motions. (d) Are associated with sentinel pile's True ?As a result of hypertrophied papillae. (e) Patient's should increase dietary bran True ?

MCEM Toxicology MCQ Lumbar Puncture: (a) The plane of the iliac crest runs through L1-L2. False ?The plane of the iliac crest runs through L3-L4. (b) The spinal cord in the adult ends at the level of L1-2. True ?The spinal cord in the adult ends at the level of L1-2. (c) When performing a lumbar puncture the 'give' is felt when passing through the interspinous ligament. False ?The 'give' is felt when passing through the ligamentum flavum. (d) The opening pressure is usually