N A R O E P M E E U Q S O R T E M A R A P
Matriz de contradicciones de Altshuller
PARAMETROS QUE MEJORAN
Peso de objeto en movimiento
Velocidad Fuerza
Forma
11
12
Estabilidad de objeto
13
14
Durabilidad de objeto en movimiento 15
Durabilidad de objeto en reposo
Temperatura Brillo
18 19
Energía consumida por objeto en movimiento
Energía consumida por objeto en reposo
Desperdicio de energía
22
Desperdicio de substancia
23
5
6
o s o p e r n e o t e j b o e d n e m u l o V
7
8
35, 30, 13, 2 7, 17, 4, 35 17, 7,
35, 8, 2,
10, 40
14
18, 4
a z r e u F
n ó i s e r p , n ó i s n e T
a m r o F
1 11 1
12 12
10 8, 10, 18, 37
10, 36, 10, 14, 37, 40 35, 40
8, 10, 19, 35
13, 29, 13, 10, 26, 39, 10, 18 29, 14 1, 40
10, 27
1, 8, 10, 1, 8, 15,
8, 35,
7, 14,
29, 30,
17, 4
4, 34
36, 28 10, 15,
14, 18
39
35, 36
36, 37
29, 40
4 35, 10, 19, 14
2, 28,
19, 14
8, 1, 37, 18, 13,
17, 19,
18
1, 28
9, 36
10, 36,
13, 29,
35, 10,
37, 40
10, 18
36
8, 10,
15, 10,
29, 34,
29, 40
26, 3
5, 4
21, 35,
26, 39,
13, 15,
2, 39
1, 40
1, 28
27, 1
35
19, 1,
2, 35,
19, 32,
32
32
16
12, 18,
38, 34
36, 37
36, 37
29, 4
1, 10, 35, 37
15, 6,
19, 6,
7, 2, 6,
19, 28
18, 9
13
35, 6,
35, 6,
14, 29,
23, 40
22, 32
10, 39
19, 6
38
19, 1, 32
28, 19,
35, 19,
32, 22 10, 15,
19
19
1, 40, 35 6, 3
3, 35, 38, 18 2, 15, 16
2, 10, 19, 30
3, 25 15, 32, 19, 13
19, 32
10, 13, 2
35
7 , 2, 35 35
35, 40
17, 15
35, 15,
28, 33,
8, 3, 26,
3, 19,
28, 30,
10, 13,
8, 15,
34
34
15, 19
38, 40
18, 34
1, 18
14
35, 5
36, 2
19
35, 38
10, 35,
35, 10,
35, 10,
11
40, 34
21
14, 27
35, 1,
10, 15,
10, 15,
6, 35,
35, 4,
35, 33,
9, 18, 3,
14, 16
36, 28
36, 37
13, 14, 5, 34, 4,
10 14, 4,
35 35,, 34 34 7, 2, 35
6, 35 35,, 36 36 35, 15,
36, 35, 21 34, 15, 10, 14
10
15, 22
34, 18
37, 40
28, 10,
34, 28,
33, 15,
10, 35,
13
39
3, 34,
9, 40,
40, 29
28
15, 10
35, 10,
2, 11,
2, 35, 40
19, 39
35, 40
28, 18
21, 16
10, 15,
9, 14,
8, 13,
10, 18,
10, 3,
14, 7
17, 15
26, 14
3, 14
18, 40
3, 17,
10, 2,
19
19, 30
3, 35, 35, 5 19, 2, 16 16 19, 3, 27 27
39, 18
35, 38
34, 39, 40, 18
35, 6, 4
25
18
19, 38
17, 32, 13, 38
17, 9, 15 13, 17,
35, 40
35
14, 26, 28, 25
35, 39,
14, 22,
36, 30
3, 21
19, 2
19, 32
8, 15, 35
26, 19, 6
32, 30
16, 26,
23, 14,
21, 2
25
12, 2, 29
35, 6 6,, 38 30, 6 6,, 25 15, 35, 35, 2
35, 6, 4
35, 10,
19, 2 19, 3, 27
19, 17,
21
10
35, 39,
14, 24,
19, 2
14, 26,
22, 14,
9, 25
19, 32
13, 27,
39, 3,
10, 35
35, 23
35, 1, 32 30, 10,
27, 3, 26
40
13, 3, 35 27, 3, 1 10 0
10, 37 13, 15,
2, 6, 34,
32
14
32, 3, 27, 15 35, 19 2, 19, 4,
28, 6,
39
35
35, 18
19, 15,
36, 40 19, 13,
19, 18,
32, 30,
22, 40
39
36, 40
21, 16
32, 3, 27
35, 19
2, 19, 6
19, 13,
5, 19, 9,
28, 35,
19, 24,
17, 24
35
6, 18
3, 14
27, 4, 29, 18
32, 35, 19 2, 15, 19 19, 2,
35
35, 32
26, 2,
22, 10,
29, 14,
35, 32,
26, 10,
19, 35,
36, 35
35
2, 40
15, 31
28
10, 38
16
2, 14, 17, 25
16, 6, 19
17, 7,
17, 30
30, 18
10, 28,
35, 2,
10, 18,
1, 29,
3, 39,
10, 13,
14, 15,
3, 36,
29, 35,
2, 14,
35, 28,
28, 27,
27, 16,
21, 36,
24
10, 31
39, 31
30, 36
18, 31
28, 38
18, 40
37, 10
3, 5
30, 40
31, 40
3, 18
18, 38
39, 31
2, 22
26, 32
10
10
4, 10,
35, 3,
29, 3,
20, 10,
28, 20,
35, 29,
1, 19,
34, 17
22, 5
28, 18
28, 18
10, 16
21, 18
21, 17
15, 2,
14, 35,
3, 35,
17, 40
34, 10
7
16, 35, 38
14, 2,
36, 38
39, 6
3, 17 32, 1, 19
15, 26,
7, 18, 23
10
19, 35,
10, 30,
1, 35, 32
13, 19 19, 35,
19, 18,
35, 23 35, 10,
19
10 35, 13,
10, 40
18, 4
2, 28, 10, 13,
26
18, 4
38
39, 3,
2, 13,
15, 19,
40 30, 14,
10, 30,
38 3, 35,
2, 40 33, 1,
22, 1,
35, 34,
19, 32,
6, 38, 7
8, 35, 24
38 10, 18
35, 34,
32 32
35, 39, 34, 39,
6, 35, 4
34, 31
6, 18,
36, 37
17, 27
2, 27,
19 19 35, 12,
24 4,, 35 35
18, 21,
28, 26
18 18
13, 28,
15, 12
37
17 17 6, 29, 4,
2,18 8,, 37 37
13, 28,
10, 7
o l l i r B
7, 29,
27 19, 26,
15, 7 9, 14,
a r u t a r e p m e T
o t n e i m i v o m n e o t e j b o r o p a d i m u s n o c a í g r e n E
29, 30,
19, 9, 6, 8, 36,
1, 39 34, 28,
2, 36,
15, 19, 9 15, 19, 19, 9
38, 31
9, 14,
18, 37
12, 28
28, 31
17
28, 10,
15, 9,
35
32
1, 15,
40
12, 37
19, 16 6, 38
6, 35,
2, 38
1, 18,
1, 40,
22, 35,
15, 35,
40, 14
36, 37
6, 27, 36, 22,
3, 15,
15
2, 19, 9
34, 31
11, 2, 13, 39
19, 10,
28, 1
1, 8, 40, 40, 26, 1, 15, 8, 15, 14, 19, 5,
28, 26
29, 4,
14
13, 14, 8
13, 38
15, 14,
35
1, 7, 4, 35, 8, 2,
31, 35
28, 2,
39, 37,
29, 4
35, 2
18, 40
15, 7 5, 34,
1, 18,
15 15 5, 34,
13, 14,
10, 15,
16 16
14 14 28, 27,
29, 34
19, 30,
o s o p e r n e o t e j b o e d d a d i l i b a r u D
13 13
34
1, 14 14 , 3 5
o t n e i m i v o m n e o t e j b o e d d a d i l i b a r u D
1, 35, 19, 39
29
28 8,, 1
26, 7, 9, 1, 7, 35,
a i c n e t s i s e R
9
30, 2, 2, 26,
o t e j b o e d d a d i l i b a t s E
2, 8, 15, 38
13 13,, 4, 8 17 17,, 10, 10, 4 1, 8, 8, 35
40, 29 14, 15,
d a d i c o l e V
5, 35, 14, 2
35, 28,
29, 4
15
o t n e i m i v o m n e o t e j b o e d n e m u l o V
29, 2, 40, 28
15, 17, 4
2, 17,
20 21
o s o p e r n e o t e j b o e d a e r A
29, 17, 38, 34
15, 8, 29, 34
16 17
Potencia
4
o t n e i m i v o m n e o t e j b o e d a e r A
10, 1, 29, 35
8
10
Resistencia
7
9
Tensión, presión
3 15, 8, 29, 34
6
Volumen de objeto en movimiento Volumen de objeto en reposo
3
5
Area de objeto en reposo
2
4
Area de objeto en movimiento
1
o s o p e r n e o t e j b o e d d u t i g n o L
2
Longitud de objeto en movimiento Longitud de objeto en reposo
o s o p e r n e o t e j b o e d o s e P
1
Peso de objeto en reposo
o t n e i m i v o m n e o t e j b o e d o s e P
o t n e i m i v o m n e o t e j b o e d d u t i g n o L
26
19, 38, 7
16, 6, 19, 37
1, 13, 32, 15 1, 6, 13
35, 18, 24, 5
10, 24,
Pérdida de información
Desperdicio de tiempo
25
Cantidad de substancia Confiabilidad
24
26
27
Precisión de medidas
28
Precisión de manufactura
29 30
Factores perjudiciales actuando sobre objeto
Efectos secundarios dañinos
Manufacturabilidad
32
Conveniencia de uso
31
33
Reparabilidad
34
Adaptabilidad
35
Complejidad de un mecanismo
Complejidad de control
Nivel de automatización Productividad
36 37 38 39
35
10, 35, 5
1, 1, 26
26
30, 26
30, 16
10, 20,
10, 20,
15, 2,
30, 24,
26, 4, 5,
10, 35,
2, 5, 34,
35, 16,
10, 37,
37, 35
26, 5
29
14, 5
16
17, 4
10
32, 18
36, 5
35, 6,
27, 26,
29, 14,
15, 14,
2, 18,
15, 20,
18, 31
18, 35
35, 18
3, 8, 10, 3, 10, 8,
15, 9,
15, 29,
35, 29,
35, 14, 3
40, 4
29
34, 28
32, 35,
3, 10,
21, 35,
8, 28,
10, 24,
35, 1,
14, 24
11, 28
10, 3
35, 19
16, 11
28
14, 4
28, 11
14, 16
40, 4
28, 35,
28, 26,
32, 28,
26, 28,
26, 28,
2, 35, 24
28, 13,
32, 13, 6
32 2,, 2
26, 28
25, 26
5, 16
3, 16
32, 3
32, 3
28, 32,
28, 35,
10, 28,
2, 32,
28, 33,
2, 29,
10
29, 32
18, 36
35
32
34, 36
22, 1,
27, 2,
22, 23,
34, 39,
21, 22,
13, 35,
33, 28
39, 35
37, 35
19, 27
35, 28
39, 18
30, 18,
35, 28,
35, 28,
3, 23
1, 40
27, 9
29, 37
2, 22,
17, 1,
27, 39
13, 24
39, 4
19, 22,
35, 22,
17, 15,
1, 18
17, 2,
15, 39
1, 39
16, 22
28, 29,
1, 27,
1, 29,
15, 17,
13, 1,
15, 16
36, 13
13, 17
27
26, 12
25, 2,
6, 13, 1,
1, 17,
13, 15
25
13, 12
2, 27,
2, 27,
1, 28,
3, 18,
15, 32,
35, 11
35, 11
10, 25
31
13
1, 6, 15, 19, 15,
35, 1,
8
29, 16
29, 2
26, 30,
2, 26,
1, 19,
34, 36
35, 39
26, 24
27, 26,
6, 13,
16, 17,
28, 13
28, 1
26, 24
28, 26,
28, 26,
14, 13,
18, 39
1, 35, 16 26 26 23
32, 28, 2
22, 1, 40 17, 2, 4 40 0 16, 4
13, 29, 1, 40
32, 24 25, 10,
35, 4 35
10, 28,
35, 13, 8, 1
28, 19,
35, 12
1, 17,
18, 16,
1, 16,
4, 18,
18, 13,
28, 13,
13, 16
15, 39
35, 15
31, 39
34
35
35, 30, 29, 7 14, 1,
16, 25 15, 16
25, 2,
34, 9
1, 11, 10
15, 35,
35, 10,
15, 17,
29
14
20
35, 11
1
6, 3 36 6
34, 2 26 6, 6
2, 13,
2, 39,
29, 1, 4,
2, 18,
18, 17
30, 16
16
26, 31
13, 16
17, 14,
18, 35
35, 10
28, 17
35, 26,
28, 27,
18, 4,
30, 7,
10, 26,
24, 37
15, 3
28, 38
14, 26
34, 31
1, 1 16 6
35, 13,
13
2, 6, 34, 10
6,28 8,, 32 32 6 , 2 8 8,, 32 32 3, 35 22, 2, 37 2, 33, 27, 18
32, 30, 40 22, 1, 3, 35 35, 1
35, 19,
1, 28,
1, 37
13, 27
2, 32, 12 13 35, 16
11, 28 32, 35, 13 30, 18
3, 27 18, 35,
3, 35, 31 31 3, 17, 39 34, 27, 6, 40
27, 19
24
28, 24 19, 26
3, 32
32, 2
17, 1,
22, 33,
1, 19,
1, 24, 6, 27
40
6, 1, 32 3, 6, 32
37, 1
33, 28
40, 33
35, 2
32, 13
15, 35,
15, 22,
21, 39,
22, 35,
19, 24,
22, 2
33, 31
16, 22
27, 39 11, 13, 1
30 2, 35
1, 3, 10, 32
27 7,, 1 , 4
32, 40, 29, 3, 8, 3, 28
25
1, 11, 2,
11, 29,
9
28, 27
15, 37,
35, 30,
35, 3,
13, 1,
1, 8
14
32, 6
35
29, 13,
2, 22,
28, 15
17, 19
2, 13, 28
35 5,, 1 6 1, 16, 25 1 2, 16
10, 4,
39, 32 28, 24,
18
27, 1
26327,
13, 17,
13
1, 24
4, 10
15, 1, 13
27, 2, 3,
6, 22,
19, 35,
35
26, 1
29, 13
2, 17, 13
3, 4, 16,
36, 28,
35, 36,
27, 13,
11, 22,
27, 3,
19, 29,
25, 34,
3, 27,
35
40, 19
37, 32
1, 39
39, 30
15, 28
25, 39
6, 35
35, 16
28, 15
2, 35, 6
2, 24 27, 26,
19 19,, 1, 1, 35 35
28, 10
13
30, 18
29, 28
15, 32,
21, 11,
6, 19,
26 26,, 16 16
28
16, 18 11, 32,
10, 26,
3, 27, 22, 15,
3, 35, 10
19, 18 34, 29,
35, 40,
32, 35,
4
25
28, 6, 32 32 28, 6, 32
35, 24,
15, 34, 1, 13, 2,
10, 40 2, 35, 3,
35, 38,
28, 26, 27, 1 1, 13, 24 15, 1, 28, 16
24, 17,
27, 2,
13
29, 28
2, 24 24,, 26 26
35 35,, 38 38
2, 35
13, 35
18, 1
25, 13
6, 9
35, 37,
28, 15,
10, 37,
14, 10,
35, 3,
29, 28,
35, 10,
20, 10,
35, 21,
26, 17,
35, 10,
10, 2
10, 36
14
34, 40
22, 39
10, 18
2, 18
16, 38
28, 10
19, 1
38, 19
16
10, 35, 17, 7
34, 10,
14, 3
35, 14
29
40
13, 18
10, 36,
17, 10,
32, 35,
22, 21,
37, 36, 4
19
1, 13
26, 2, 19 8 , 32, 19 2 , 32, 13
N A R O E P M E E U Q S O R T E M A R A P
Matriz de contradicciones de Altshuller
PARAMETROS QUE MEJORAN
Peso de objeto en movimiento
2
Longitud de objeto en movimiento
Longitud de objeto en reposo
Area de objeto en movimiento movimiento
Volumen de objeto en movimiento
Volumen de objeto en reposo
Velocidad Fuerza
Forma
Temperatura Brillo
Energía consumida por objeto en reposo
Potencia
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
28, 27, 35, 26
28, 35, 26, 18
22, 21, 18, 27
22, 35, 31, 39
27, 28, 1, 36
35, 3, 2, 24
2, 27, 28, 11
29, 5, 15, 8
26, 30, 36, 34
28, 29, 26, 32
26, 35, 18, 19
35, 3, 24, 37
18, 19,
15, 19,
18, 19,
5, 8, 13,
10, 15,
10, 20,
19, 6,
10, 28,
18, 26,
10, 1,
2, 19,
35, 22,
6, 13, 1,
2, 27,
19, 15,
1, 10,
25, 28,
28, 1
18, 22
28, 15
30
35
35, 26
18, 26
8, 3
28
35, 17
22, 37
1, 39
32
28, 11
29
26, 39
17, 15
1, 2 24 4
15, 2 2,, 2 29 9
29, 3 35 5
7, 2, 35,
4, 29,
39
23, 10
6, 28
19, 10,
15, 17,
10, 35,
32, 18
30, 26
2, 39
10, 28, 24, 35
6
10, 14, 17 7,, 3 2 1 7 7,, 7 , 3 0 18, 39
7
35, 6, 13, 18
8
30, 6
9
19, 35, 38, 2 1, 16, 36, 37
19, 35, 18, 37 10, 35, 14
7, 15, 13, 16
14, 20, 19, 35
10, 13, 28, 38
14, 15
8, 35, 40, 5
2, 36, 25
30, 16
10, 35, 4, 18
13, 26 10, 37, 36 37, 36, 4
37
35, 10, 23, 24
28, 29, 37, 36
1, 35, 40, 18
13, 3, 36, 24
15, 37, 18, 1
10, 14,
10, 13,
36
19, 35
6, 28 28, 25 25
3, 35 35
22, 2, 2, 37 37
32, 30,
22, 1, 2,
13
40 18
35 35, 23,
35, 40,
18, 30
27, 39
3, 27 27, 16 16
3, 27 27
18, 35,
3, 27, 16, 40
3
16
16
10
17
2, 14, 17, 25
21, 17, 35, 38
21, 36, 29, 31
35, 28, 21, 18
3, 17, 30, 39
19, 35, 3, 10
32, 19, 24
32
19, 16, 1, 6
13, 1
19, 1, 26, 17
1, 19
11, 15, 32
6, 19,
12, 22,
35, 24,
35, 38,
34, 23,
19, 21,
37, 18
15, 24
18, 5
19, 18
16, 18
11, 27
3, 35, 31
38 3, 38 28, 27, 12, 31
28, 27, 18, 38
18, 38 35, 27, 2, 37
10, 19 19, 10
35, 20, 10, 6 10, 18, 32, 7
10, 19
19, 10
7, 18, 25
6, 3, 10, 24
24, 28, 35
27
36, 23
21, 11, 26, 31
10, 11, 35
10, 35, 29, 39
26, 32,
10, 16,
24, 34,
27
31, 28
28, 32
35, 31,
32, 26,
10 0,, 2 8 1 0, 0, 3 0 0,, 4
3, 6, 32
29
32 2,, 2
13 3,, 32 32 , 2
10, 24
28, 18
10, 2,
19, 22,
21, 22,
33, 22,
22, 37
31, 2
35, 2
19, 40
2, 35, 18 27, 1, 12, 24
21, 35, 22, 2
10, 1, 34
22, 10, 2 10, 21, 29
Nivel de automatización Productividad
37 38 39
1
35, 10,
2 8, 8, 2 2,, 27 27
2 3, 3, 2 28 8
35, 20,
28, 10,
28, 10,
13, 15,
10
29, 35
35, 23
23
18, 5
35, 33
1, 15,
15, 17,
2, 29,
17, 28
13, 16
27, 28
35, 38
2, 26 6,, 10 10 2 , 2 5 5,, 16 16 32, 2
19, 35,
1, 4 35, 2,
19, 17,
20, 19,
34
10
10, 34
34
30, 34
35, 32, 1
2, 19
7, 23
15, 34, 33
32, 28, 2, 24
2, 35, 34, 27
35, 10, 28, 24
32
27, 22
15, 10, 2
19, 35, 16 35, 3, 15, 23
35 1, 6
16, 25 26, 35,
12, 28,
28, 2, 17 2
28, 35, 34 28, 10, 29, 35
35, 18, 10, 13
35, 10, 18
28, 35, 10, 23
35, 33
35
13, 23, 15
35, 2, 40, 26
27, 17, 40
1, 11
27, 40, 28
11, 13, 27
1, 35, 29, 38 10, 34,
2, 6, 32
5, 11, 1,
28, 24,
3, 33,
6, 35,
1, 13,
1, 32,
23
22, 26
39, 10
25, 18
17, 34
13, 11
26, 28,
4, 17,
1, 32,
10, 36
34, 26
35, 23
27, 24,
28, 33,
26, 28,
34
29, 31
2, 40
23, 26
10, 18
3, 24,
24, 2,
39, 1
40, 39
35, 30
15, 17, 15 5,, 1, 1, 19 19 6 , 32 32 , 1 3 3 2 2,, 15 15 13, 16
27, 35, 2, 40
35, 33,
24, 28,
15, 28, 35
11, 32, 1
3, 35, 35, 1 15 5
Complejidad de control
23, 2, 19, 16
32, 3, 11, 23
21, 28, 40, 3
35, 18,
18, 28, 32, 9
3, 27, 35, 31
13, 29, 3, 27
35, 35, 2 28 8
35, 33, 27, 22
4,10 0,, 16 16 2 , 1 8, 8, 27 27 2 , 1 7 7,, 16 16
8, 35
3, 33, 26
11, 10, 10 10,, 2, 2, 13 13 1, 16
1, 18, 10, 24
20, 10, 16, 38
3, 27, 29, 18
17, 27, 8, 40
35, 3, 15, 19
1
3, 13, 27, 10
12, 35
19, 1, 16, 10
2
15, 3, 29
11, 11, 3 32, 2, 1
6, 29
6, 10
25, 34, 6, 35
2, 32, 10, 25
4, 28, 10, 34
28, 29
10, 14 35, 17, 14, 19
35, 29, 10, 25
4, 10, 27, 22
35, 10,
15, 40
40, 3 29, 35,
19, 29, 39, 35
1
10, 4, 29, 15
15
29, 1, 35, 27
35, 23, 1, 24
13, 2
29, 10, 1, 35, 13 27
27, 3,
34, 10 23, 35,
3, 35, 40, 39
35, 28, 34, 4
10, 35,
27, 11, 11, 3 15, 3, 3, 32 2, 13, 13, 28
1, 8, 35
35, 33, 29, 31
32, 24, 18, 16
30, 34
39, 23
33 3,, 30 30
15, 10, 2, 13
19, 35, 16, 15
10, 21, 22, 10, 1 22
15, 34, 33
20, 19,
2, 22 10, 1, 34, 29
39 35, 22,
22, 26
35, 37 17, 26,
3,2,28
2, 28, 10, 25
36
35, 2
1, 28 2, 35,
34, 2
26, 10,
21, 35,
33, 22, 30, 10
19, 35
35, 30,
15, 1, 32
18, 3, 28, 40
32, 1, 10, 25
28, 26, 19
15, 13,
10, 14,
24, 28, 35, 30
2, 35, 34, 27
19, 1, 1, 29 18, 15, 15, 1
19, 35, 28, 26
16, 29,
2, 1 13, 3, 1 1, 1 15, 5, 2 29 9
35, 24
18, 28, 32, 10
15, 10, 32, 2
35
35, 19, 32, 39
19, 1, 35 2 , 36, 37
3, 28, 35, 37
6, 29
28, 32, 2, 24
15, 19
35
35, 37, 10, 2
35, 28
35, 34, 2, 19, 13 2, 10
Adaptabilidad
3, 32
2
17, 7 10, 6, 2, 34
32, 1, 10
33 34
26 6,, 27 27
35, 10, 24, 31
15, 29
4, 28, 10, 34
26 6,, 27 27
2, 35, 18
23
35, 28, 34, 4
Conveniencia de uso Reparabilidad
22, 35, 2, 24
31, 2
30, 18
34, 2 10, 15,
35, 22, 18, 39
32
15, 1, 32, 19
22, 33, 35, 2
21, 22,
28, 23
2, 35,
35, 18, 34
19, 35
24
32 16, 34, 31, 28
12 2,, 27 27 1
32, 32, 3 30 0
1, 22
28, 2
35, 10
32 2,, 2
26, 18
10, 26,
24, 26, 28, 18
Manufacturabilidad
1, 4
32 2,, 15 15 , 2
1, 18, 36
14, 30,
35, 38, 24, 34, 10, 30, 4 18, 16 28, 32 35, 38, 18, 16
28
18
35
10, 28, 23
35
31
26, 31 11, 10,
24, 28, 35
3, 35, 31
10, 32
18
24, 26, 28, 32
26
22, 2 21, 39, 16, 22
22, 37
10, 29, 39, 35
37, 1 22, 15, 33, 28
19, 22,
6, 3, 10, 24
Cantidad de substancia
19, 22,
7, 18, 25
32, 40,
23
15, 18, 35, 10
24, 26, 28, 32
30
4, 34, 19
11, 3,
19, 24,
15, 16
7, 26
2, 36,
2, 35
15, 35,
19, 22,
14, 1, 13
10, 18
2, 35,
10, 2,
15 15,, 30 30
30, 14,
36, 37, 10, 19
10, 16
30
26
26, 35, 10, 18
30
2, 35, 6
1, 26
1, 28, 3, 15, 17, 15, 1, 11 25 18, 20
26 32, 35,
27
1, 35
3, 34, 27, 16
17, 28 35, 19
28, 26,
28, 29
10, 28, 4, 34
34, 2, 28, 27
32, 15,
1, 35, 6,
14, 4,
26, 16
15, 10, 26
32, 28, 13, 12
1, 32,
27 7,, 1, 1, 4
17, 24,
26, 24
2 2,, 17, 26
11
35, 1
35, 1,
26, 24
1
1, 35, 16
27, 18
1, 19,
1, 16
1, 31
10
1, 28, 15, 35
14, 15,
26, 1
22
3, 1, 32
16
2, 26, 35
35, 34, 29, 26, 4 16, 24
17, 1, 40, 33
10, 36,
35, 27, 2, 31
35, 18, 10, 39
Complejidad de un mecanismo
11, 3
2, 33,
16, 4
15, 13, 29, 1, 40 30, 12
3, 35, 13, 21
10, 26, 24
18, 31
40, 16
14, 29, 18, 36
34, 27, 6, 40
10, 5, 18, 32
35
11, 2, 13
35, 20, 10, 6
Efectos secundarios dañinos
30, 18, 35, 4
28, 20, 3, 35, 31 10, 16
1
Factores perjudiciales actuando sobre objeto
34, 39, 19, 27
10
25
35, 10, 25
27, 16, 18, 38
Precisión de manufactura
17, 2, 40, 1
27
28, 27,
10, 1
22, 1, 40
3, 35, 10, 40
10, 35,
1316
22, 21, 27, 35
28, 10
20
26, 24
25, 28, 2, 16
20, 10, 28, 18
28, 27,
18, 39
25, 26, 28
31, 40
1, 6
28, 1
14, 1, 40, 11
16
3 15, 13,
27, 2, 39, 35
35
2, 25 15, 17,
2, 29, 18, 36
28, 32, 1
1, 28, 10
13, 1,
26, 28, 32, 3
10, 40,
35, 4
17, 2,
35, 13, 8, 1
36, 22
15, 29,
22, 33,
32, 35, 40, 4
28, 27, 3, 18
32, 35, 1, 15
27
2, 24, 32, 21
29, 10,
Desperdicio de tiempo
32, 3
2, 32
15, 17,
1, 18
1, 28, 35, 23
29, 3,
24
Precisión de medidas
26, 28,
1, 29 29,, 17 17
10, 28, 32, 25
15, 32,
32 2,, 28 28 , 3 2 , 3 2 2,, 10 10
17 17,, 15 15
28, 32, 1, 24
34, 17 35, 27
35, 28,
17, 24
11, 35, 27, 28
3, 5 2, 14,
35
1, 15,
29, 37
10, 19, 29, 38
30, 40
27, 31
10, 28,
2,35 5,, 16 16
39, 6
32, 35,
29, 9
28, 32, 4
28, 1, 9
35 5,, 3
14, 2,
27, 4,
Pérdida de información
Confiabilidad
6, 13 2, 18, 40, 4
2, 6, 34, 29, 30, 7 10 35, 16, 32, 18
10, 36,
29, 30,
14, 10,
29, 18
35, 28
28
35, 29,
14
10, 26,
15, 29,
14 26, 4
2, 22
29, 40
30, 29,
30, 26
10, 39, 35, 34
4, 6, 2
35
36, 39, 34, 10
24, 26
10, 14,
19, 10, 35, 38
23
d a d i v i t c u d o r P
27
22
Desperdicio de substancia
e d d a d i j e l p m o C
3, 11, 1, 27
21
Desperdicio de energía
d a d i l i b a t p a d A
n ó i c a z i t a m o t u a e d l e v i N
26
19
Energía consumida por objeto en movimiento
d a d i l i b a r a p e R
l o r t n o c
3, 26, 18, 31
12, 8
18
o s u e d a i c n e i n e v n o C
25
Durabilidad de objeto en movimiento 15 Durabilidad de objeto en reposo
d a d i l i b a r u t c a f u n a M
o m s i n a c e m n u e d d a d i j e l p m o C
10, 35, 20, 28
4
14
d a d i l i b a i f n o C
s a d i d e m e d n ó i s i c e r P
s o n i ñ a d s o i r a d n u c e s s o t c e f E
24
1, 35
13
Resistencia
23
o p m e i t e d o i c i d r e p s e D
a r u t c a f u n a m e d n ó i s i c e r P
10, 24, 35
12
Estabilidad de objeto
22
n ó i c a m r o f n i e d a d i d r é P
a i c n a t s b u s e d d a d i t n a C
6, 2, 34, 5, 35, 3, 19 31
11
21
3
10
Tensión, presión
a i c n e t o P
a í g r e n e e d o i c i d r e p s e D
a i c n a t s b u s e d o i c i d r e p s e D
r b o s o d n a u t c a s e l a i c i d u j r e p s e r o t c a F
12, 36, 18, 31
5
Area de objeto en reposo
20
1
Peso de objeto en reposo
o s o p e r n e o t e j b o r o p a d i m u s n o c a í g r e n E
13, 3, 27, 10 3, 27, 29, 18 35, 13 35, 38
35, 13, 8, 24 13, 35, 1
28, 39
13, 35, 2
25, 10 35, 10, 2
2, 5, 13, 16
1, 32, 35, 23
2, 25, 28, 39
2, 5, 12
25 25,, 10 10
35, 102, 16
1, 35, 11, 10
1, 12, 26, 15
35, 11, 32, 31
1, 13, 31
15, 34, 1, 16
2, 26,
26, 24,
22, 19,
10, 34
32
29, 40
26, 24, 32, 28
11, 27,
28, 26,
28, 26,
32
10, 34
18, 23
28, 2,
32, 28
10, 34
28, 32
26, 28,
10, 18,
22, 19, 29, 28
19, 1 2, 21
12, 26, 1, 32
27, 26,
27, 9,
1, 13
26, 24
5, 28, 11, 29
2, 33
2
1, 26, 13
35, 1, 11, 9
22, 19,
22, 31
29, 40
29, 40
2, 5 1, 12, 34, 3
2, 13 13,, 15 27, 26, 26, 1 15, 34, 1, 16
32, 25, 12, 17
7, 1, 4, 16
35, 1, 13, 11
1, 16, 7, 4 1, 13 12, 26 1, 35, 13
18, 23
22, 19,
19, 1, 31 24, 2
27, 40, 28, 8
26, 24,
10, 34
35, 11,
34, 26
35, 5, 1, 10
27, 35,
26, 2, 18
4, 17,
1, 35, 12, 18 25, 13, 2, 34
24, 35, 2
2, 25,
13, 35, 13, 35, 1 8, 24
15, 29, 37, 28
2, 21, 27, 1 6, 28, 11, 1
33, 3, 34 2
32, 39 22, 35, 13, 24 22, 35, 18, 39
8, 28, 1
35, 1, 10, 28
1, 34, 12, 3
15, 1, 28
34, 35, 1, 32, 10 7, 13 1
29, 15,
15, 10,
28, 37
37, 28
27, 34, 35 15, 1, 24
35, 28, 6, 37 12, 17, 28
1, 15
15, 10, 37, 28
27, 4, 1,
15, 24,
34, 27,
5, 12,
35
10
25
35, 26
34, 21
1, 35,
1, 10,
32, 1,
22, 35,
35, 22,
35, 28,
1, 28, 7,
1, 32,
1, 35,
12, 17,
35, 18,
5, 12,
10, 38
34, 28
18, 10
13, 24
18, 39
2, 24
19
10, 25
28, 37
28, 24
27, 2
35, 26
35, 18
The 39 Features of Altshuller’s Contradiction Matrix Ellen Domb
[email protected] +1(909)949-0857 FAX +1(909)949-2986 with Joe Miller, Ellen MacGran, and Michael Slocum The contradiction matrix, one of the first tools of TRIZ, remains one of the most popular. (Ref.1) The matrix itself, and the 40 principles of problem solving to which it refers can be downloaded from the July, 1997, issue of The TRIZ Journal. The same issue has a tutorial article on how to use the matrix and the 40 principles. (Ref. 2) worsening features. The following expanded list was prepared by comparing several different translations (ref. 3,4,5) and has proven useful in several test classes.
Explanation of the 39 Features of the Contradiction Matrix No.
Title Stationary objects.
1 2 3 4 5
Explanation Objects which can easily change position in space, either on their own, or as a result of . this class. Objects which do not change position in space, either on their own, or as a result of external forces. Consider the conditions under which the object is being used.
The mass of the object, in a gravitational field. The force that the body exerts on its support or suspension. Weight of stationary The mass of the object, in a gravitational field. The force that the body exerts on its object support or suspension, or on the surface on which it rests. Len Length gth of m movi oving ng obj object ect Any on one e line linear ar dimens dimension ion,, not ne neces cessar sarily ily the the long longest est,, is con conside sidered red a le lengt ngth. h. Length of stationary Same. object A geometrical characteristic described by the part of a plane enclosed by a line. The part Area of moving object of a surface occupied by the object. OR the square measure of the surface, either internal or external, of an object.
We Weig ight ht of movin oving g obj objec ectt
6
Area Area of stat statio iona narry o obj bjec ectt Sa Same me
7
Volu Volume me of mo movi ving ng ob obje ject ct
9
Volume of stationary object S peed
10
Force
12
S hape
8
13
Stability of the object's composition
14
Strength
15 16
Duration of action by a moving object Duration of action by a stationary object
17
Temperature
18
Illumination intensity * (jargon)
e cu c measure o s sp pace occup e y e o ec . eng rectangular object, height x area for a cylinder, etc.
xw
x eg
or a
Same The velocity of an object; the rate of a process or action in time. Force measures the interaction between systems. Inintended Newtonian physics,an force = mass X acceleration. In TRIZ, force is any interaction that is to change object's condition. . , . The external contours, appearance of a system. The wholeness or integrity of the system; the relationship of the system's constituent elements. Wear, chemical decomposition, and disassembly are all decreases in stability. Increasin entro is de decreasin stabilit . The extent to which the object is able to resist changing in response to force. Resistance to breaking . The time that the object can perform the action. Service life. Mean time between failure is a measure of the duration of action. Also, durability. Same. The thermal condition of the object or system. Loosely includes other thermal parameters, such as heat capacity, that affect the rate of change of temperature. Light flux per unitquality, area, also brightness, light etc..any other illumination characteristics of the system such as
1/2
19
The measure of the object's capacity for doing work. In classical mechanics, Energy is the Use of energy by moving product of force times distance. This includes the use of energy provided by the superobject . .
21
Use of energy by stationary object Power ower * (ja (jarrgon) gon)
22
Loss of Energy
20
23 24 25 26 27
29 30
31 32 33 34 35 36
37
38
39
same The The tim time e rat rate ea att whi which ch work ork iis sp per erfo form rmed ed.. The The rate ate o off use use of ene energ rgy. y. Use of energy that does not contribute to the job being done. See 19. Reducing the loss of energy sometimes requires different techniques from improving the use of energy, which is why this is a separate category.
Partial or complete, permanent or temporary, loss of some of a system's materials, , , . Partial or complete, permanent or temporary, loss of data or access to data in or by a Loss of Information system. Frequently includes sensory data such as aroma, texture, etc. Time is the duration of an activity. Improving the loss of time means reducing the time Loss of Time taken for the activity. "Cycle time reduction" is a common term. Quantity of The number or amount of a system's materials, substances, parts or subsystems which substance/the matter might be changed fully or partially, permanently or temporarily. Reliability A system's ability to perform its in inttended functions in predictable ways and conditi itions. The closeness of the measured value to the actual value of a property of a system. Reducing the error in a measurement increases the accuracy of the measurement. The extent to which the actual characteristics of the system or object match the specified Ma Manu nufa fact ctur urin ing g pr prec ecisi ision on or required characteristics. External harm affects the Susceptibility of a system to externally generated (harmful) effects. object A harmful effect is one that reduces the efficiency or quality of the functioning of the object Object-generated or system. These harmful effects are generated by the object or system, as part of its harmful factors operation. e egree o ac y, com or o orr e or essness n manu ac ur ng or a r ca ng e Ease of manufacture object/system. Simplicity: The process is NOT easy if it requires a large number of people, large number Ease of operation of steps in the operation, needs special tools, etc. "Hard" processes have low yield and "easy" process have high yield; they are easy to do right. Quality characteristics such as convenience, comfort, simplicity, and time to repair faults, Ease of repair failures, or defects in a system. The extent to which a system/object positively responds to external changes. Also, a Adap Ad apta tabi bilit lity y or vers versat atil ility ity . The number and diversity of elements and element interrelationships within a system. The Device complexity user may be an element of the system that increases the complexity. The difficulty of mastering the system is a measure of its complexity. Measuring or monitoring systems that are complex, costly, require much time and labor to set up and use, or that have complex relationships between components or components Difficulty of detecting and that interfere with each other all demonstrate "difficulty of detecting and measuring." measuring Increasing cost of measuring to a saticfactory error is also a sign of increased difficulty of meas me asur urin in . The extent to which a system or object performs its functions without human interface. The lowest level of automation is the use of a manually operated tool. For intermediatel levels, Extent of of a au utomation humans program the tool, observe its operation, and interrupt or re-program as needed. For the highest level, the machine senses the operation needed, programs itself, and monito mon itors rs its o own wn o era eratio tions. ns. The number of functions or operations performed by a system per unit time. The time for a Productivity * unit function or operation. The output per unit time, or the cost per unit output. Loss of substance
1. G. Altshuller, Creativity Altshuller, Creativity as an Exact Science, Translated by Anthony Williams. Gordon & Breach, NY, 1988. 2. Ellen Domb, "Contradictions." The TRIZ Journal, http://www.triz-journal.com, July, 1997. 3. J. Terninko, A. Zusman, B. Zlotin, Step-by-Step TRIZ, Nottingham, NH, 1997. 4. The Invention Machine Laboratory ™ version 1.4, Help files 5. H. Altov (G. Altshuller pseudonym) And pseudonym) And Suddenly the Inventor Appeared, Translated by Lev Shulyak,
Technical Innovation Center, Worcester, MA, 1995.
2/2
40 PRINCIPLES of TRIZ
1 - SEGMENTATIO SEGMENTATION N Divide an object into independent parts (sections) a) b)
Sectional furniture, modular computer components, folding wooden rul ruler. er. Garden hos hoses es can be joined together to form any length needed
2 - EXTRACTION Remove or separate only the necessary "troublesome"; part or property from an object To frightenfrom birdsthe away from the airport, use a tape recorder to reproduce the sound known to excite birds. (The sound is thus separated birds). 3 - LOCAL QUALITY a) Transition from a homogeneous structure of an object (or outside env environment ironment actio action n ) to a heterogeneous structure structure b) Have various parts carry out different functions c) Place eac each h part of the object under condi conditions tions mos mostt favorable for its operation a)
b)
To combat dust in coal mines, a fine mist of water in a c conical onical form is applied to working parts of the drilling and load loading ing machinery. The smaller the droplets, the greater the effect in combating dust, but fine mist hinders the work. The solution is to develop a layer of coarse mist around the cone of fine mist. A pencil and eraser in one unit.
4 - ASYMMETRY Replace a symmetrical form with an asymmetrical one, or increase the degree of asymmetry a)
Make one s side ide of a tire stronger than the ot other her to withs withstand tand impact w with ith the curb.
b)
While wet sand through sy symmetrical mmetrical unnel, sand forms an arch above the opening, causing causing irregular flow. Adischarging funnel of asymmetrical shapeaeliminates theffunnel, archingthe effect.
5 - COMBINATION Combine in space (or in time) homogeneous objects, or objects destined for contiguous operations The working element of a rotary excavator has special steam nozzles to defrost and soften the frozen ground. 6 - UNIVERSALITY Have the object perform multiple functions, thereby eliminating the need for some other object(s) a) b)
Sofa which converts into a bed. Minivan s seat eat which adjusts to accom accommodate modate seat seating, ing, sleeping or carrying cargo.
7 - SPACE HIERARCHY, NESTING a) Contain the ob object ject inside another which, in turn, is placed inside a next objec object, t, etc. b) Pass an obje object ct through through a cavity of another object object a) b) c)
Telescoping antenna. Chairs w which hich st stack ack on top of each other other for storage. Mechanical pencil with lead stored inside.
8 - COUNTERWEIGHT a) Compensate for the object's weight by joining with another object that has a lifting force b) Compensate for the weight of an object by interacti interaction on with an environment prov providing iding aerodynamic or hydrodynamic forces a) b)
Boat with hydrofoils. A rear wing in racing cars which in increases creases pres pressure sure from the car to the ground.
9 - PRIOR COUNTER-ACTION a) Perform a counter-action or carry out all or part o off the required action in advance b) If the object is (or will be) under te tension, nsion, provid provide e anti-tension in advance a) b)
Reinforced concrete column or floor. pipes which have been previously twisted to some specified Reinforced shaft made from several specified angle. 1/5
40 PRINCIPLES of TRIZ
10 - PRIOR ACTION a) Perform a action or carry out all or part of the required action in advance b) Arrange objects so they can act timely and from a convenient position a) b)
Utility kni knife fe blade mad made e with a groove allowing tthe he dull part of the blade to be broken off, restoring sharpness. Rubber cement in a bo bottle ttle is diffi difficult cult to apply neat neatly ly and uniformly uniformly.. Instead, it iis s formed into a tape so that the proper amount can be more easily applied.
11 - CUSHION IN ADVANCE Compensate for a low object reliability by countermeasures taken in advance Merchandise is magnetized to deter shoplifting. 12 - EQUIPOTENTIA EQUIPOTENTIALITY LITY An object should not moved verti vertically cally Automobile engine oil is changed by w workers orkers in a pit to avoid using expen expensive sive lifting equi equipment. pment. 13 - INVERSION a) Make an opposite ac action tion to the action dictated by the problem specifications b) Make a m moving oving part of the object or the out outside side environment immovable and vice vers versa a c) Turn the object upside-down Abrasively cleaning cleaning parts by vibra vibrating ting the parts ins instead tead of the abras abrasive. ive. 14 - SPHEROIDALIT SPHEROIDALITY Y a) b) c)
Replace linear/ paral parallel/ lel/ cubica cubicall shapes piped parts with curv curved ed / spherical ones ones Use rollers, ballsflat/ spirals Replace a linear mot motion ion with rotation; utilize a centrifugal force
Computer mouse utilized ball construction to transfer linear two-axis motion into vector motion. 15 - DYNAMICITY a) Fit an object or its env environment ironment autom automatically atically to optimal performance at each operation b) Divide an object int into o elements which can change posit position ion relative to each other c) If an object iis s imm immovable, ovable, m make ake it movable or interchangeabl interchangeable e a) b)
A flash flashlight light with a flexible gooseneck between the body and the lamp head. A transport v vessel essel with a cy cylindrical-shaped lindrical-shaped body. To reduce the draft or a vessel un under der full load, the body is comprised of two hinged, half-cylindrical parts which can be opened.
16 - PARTIAL OR OVERDONE ACTION If it is impossible to get 100% of a desired effect, do somewhat more or less to greatly simplify the problem a) b)
A cylinder is painted by dipping in into to paint, but con contains tains more paint than desired. Ex Excess cess paint is then removed by rapidly rotating the cylinder. To obtain uniform di discharge scharge of a metal metallic lic powder from a bin, the hopper has a special internal funnel which is continually overfilled to provide nearly constant pressure.
17 - SHIFTING TO A NEW DIMENSION a) Increase the degree of freedom of the objec object. t. or us use e all its planes b) Use a multi-layered objects assembly instead of a sin single gle layer c) Incline the o object bject or turn it on its side A greenhouse which has a concave reflec reflector tor on the northern part of the house to improve illumination of that part of the house by reflecting sunlight during the day.
2/5
40 PRINCIPLES of TRIZ
18 - MECHANICAL VIBRATION a) Set an object into oscillation, or increase the frequency of exis existing ting osci oscillation llation b) Use ult ultrasonic rasonic v vibrations ibrations in conj conjunction unction w with ith an electromagnetic field c) Utilize the resonant frequency d) Instead of mechanical vibrations use piezoelectric vibrators a) b)
To remove a cas castt from the body without injuring the skin, a conv conventional entional hand saw w was as replaced with a vibrating vibrating knife. Vibrate a casting mold while it iis s being fi filled lled to improv improve e flow and structural p properties. roperties.
19 - PERIODIC ACTION a) Replace a contin continuous uous a action ction with a periodic (pulsed) one b) If an ac action tion iis s alre already ady pe periodic, riodic, change its frequency c) Use pauses between impulses to provide additional action a) b)
An impac impactt wrench loosens corrod corroded ed nuts using im impulses pulses rather than continuo continuous us force. A warning lamp flashes so that it is even more noticeable than when continuous continuously ly lit.
20 - CONTINUITY OF A USEFUL ACTION a) Carry out an action continuo continuously usly (i.e. without pauses pauses)) when all part parts s of an object operate at full capacity capacity b) Remove idle and intermediate motions A drill with cutting cutting edges which pe permit rmit cutting iin n forward and reverse dire directions. ctions. 21 - RUSHING THROUGH Perform hurtful or hazardous operations at the highest possible speed A thin-walled plastic ttubes ubes prevents tub tube e deformation during cut cutting ting by running at a very high speed (i.e. (i.e. cuts before before thecutter tube for hasthin-walled a chance to deform). 22 - CONVERT HARM H ARM INTO BENEFIT a) Utilize hurt hurtful ful fact factors ors or environmental effects to obtain a positiv positive e effect b) Remove a hurtful fac factor tor by combining it wi with th another harmful ffactor actor c) Increase the amount of harmful action unt untilil it ceases to be hurtful a) b)
Sand or gravel freezes s solid olid when transport transported ed through co cold ld climates climates.. Over-freezi Over-freezing ng (using liquid nitrogen) makes the ice brittle, permitting pouring. When using high fre frequency quency current to heat metal, only the outer layer becam became e hot. This n negative egative effect was later used for surface heat-treating.
23 - FEEDBACK a) Introduce feedback b) If feedback already exists, reverse it a) b)
Water from a well isseparately mainta maintained inedbut bymust sensing out output puttopressure and turnin turning g onB aecause pump ifice pres pressure is too low. Ice andpressure water are m measured easured combi combine ne total a s specific pecific weight. Because is sure difficult to di dispense spense precisely, it is measured first. The weight is then fed to the water control device, which precisely dispenses the needed amount.
24 - GO-BETWEEN (MEDIATOR) a) Use an intermediary object tto o trans transfer fer or carry ou outt an action b) Temporarily connect an object to another one that is easy tto o remove To reduce energy loss when applying current to a liquid metal, cooled electrodes and intermediate liquid metal with a lower melting temperature are used. 25 - SELF-SERVICE a) An object service iitself tself and carry out supplementary and repair operations b) Make use of wasted material and energy a)
To prevent wear in a feeder which dist distributes ributes an abrasive m material, aterial, its surface is made from the abrasive m material. aterial.
b)
In an electric w welding elding the rod current. is advanced by a special special device. To simplify the system, tthe he rod is advance advanced d by a solenoid controlled bygun, the welding 3/5
40 PRINCIPLES of TRIZ
26 - COPYING a) Replace an ex expensive pensive objec objectt by a collection of inexpensive one ones, s, back out some properties (e.g. longevity) b) Use a simple an and d inexpensive / opt optical ical / copy (with a suitable s scale) cale) instead of an object which is complex, expensive, fragile or inconvenient to operate. c) Replace visible optical copies by infrared or ultraviolet The height of tall objects can be determined by measuring their shadows. 27 - INEXPENSIVE INEXPENSIVE,, SHORT-LIVED OBJECT FOR EXPENSIVE, EXPENSIVE, DURABLE ONE Replace an expensive object by a collection of inexpensive ones, back out some properties (e.g. longevity) Disposable diapers. 28 - REPLACEMENT OF A MECHANICAL SYSTEM a) Replace a m mechanical echanical sy system stem by an optical, acoustical or tactile (smell) sys system tem b) Use an electrical, magnetic o orr electromagneti electromagnetic c field for interac interaction tion with the object c) Replace st stationary ationary fie fields lds with alternate fi fields, elds, and random fields with st structured ructured fi fields elds d) Use a fie field ld in conjunction with ferromagnetic particles To increase the bond between metal coating and a thermoplastic material, the process is carried out inside an electromagnetic field which applies force to the metal. 29 - PNEUMATIC OR HYDRAULIC CONSTRUCTION Replace solid parts by gas or liquid e.g., for inflation, or use air or hydrostatic cushi cushions ons a)
To increase the d draft raft of an indust industrial rial chimney, a spiral pipe with noz nozzles zles was inst installed. alled. When air flows through the
b)
nozzles, it creates air-like,wall, reducing drag. or foam-lik For shipping fragilean products products, air bubble envelopes foam-like e materials are used.
30 - FLEXIBLE MEMBRANES OR THIN FILM Replace traditional constructions with new made from flexible membranes or thin film, e.g., for isolation an object from its environment To prevent water evaporation from plant leaves, polyethylene spray was applied. After a while, the polyethylene hardened and plant growth improved, because polyethylene film passes oxygen better than water vapor. 31 - USE OF POROUS MATERIALS a) Make an object porous or add porous elements (i (inserts, nserts, c covers, overs, e etc.) tc.) b) A po porous rous ob object ject ffill ill w with ith a subst substance ance in adv advance ance To avoid pumping coolant to a machine, some of its parts are filled with a porous material soaked in coolant liquid. The coolant evaporates when the machine is working, providing short-term uniform cooling. 32 - CHANGING A COLOR a) b) c) d)
Change tthe he co color lor of an objec objectt or its surroundings Change the degree of translucen translucency cy of an object or proc processes esses which are difficult to see Use colored additives to observe objects o orr processes which are difficult to see If suc such h additives are already used, employ luminescent traces o orr tracer elements
a) b)
A transp transparent arent bandage enabling a w wound ound to be inspect inspected ed without removing the dressing. A water curtain u used sed to protect s steel teel mill workers from overheating blocked infrared rays but not the bright light from the melted steel. A coloring was added to the water to create a filter effect while preserving the transparency of the water.
33 - HOMOGENEITY Make those objects which interact with a primary object out of the same or similar material The surface of a feeder for abrasive grain is made of the same material that runs through the feeder, allowing a continuous restoration of the surface.
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40 PRINCIPLES of TRIZ
34 - REJECTING AND REGENERATING PARTS a) Reject or modify (e.g. discard, dis dissolve, solve, evaporate) an element (object) w when hen it completed its its function or become useless, b) Immediately restore any exhausted (or depleted) part of an object a) b)
Bullet casings are ejec ejected ted af after ter th the e gun fires. Rocket boosters separate after serving their function.
35 - TRANSFORMATI TR ANSFORMATION ON OF THE PHYSICAL AND/OR CHEMICAL STATES OF AN OBJECT Change an object's aggregate state, density distribution, degree of flexibility, temperature a) b)
In a syste system m for brittle friable materials, the surface of the s spiral piral feedscrew was made from an elasti elastic c material with tw two o spiral springs. To control the process, the pitch of the screw could be changed remotely. Change the compos composition ition to a stron stronger ger metal alloy us used ed for the can wal walll to increase the load bearing capacity. capacity.
36 - PHASE TRANSITIONS Implement an effect developed during the phase transition of a substance. For instance, during the change of volume, liberation or absorption of heat. To control the expansion of ribbed pipes, they are filled with water and cooled to a freezing temperature. 37 - THERMAL EXPANSION a) Use a mat material erial whi which ch ex expands pands or contracts with heat b) Use va various rious mate materials rials wit with h different coefficients of heat expansion To control the opening of roof windows in a greenhouse, bimetallic plates are connected connected to the windows. A change in temperature bends the plates, causing the window to open or close. 38 - USE STRONG OXIDIZERS a) Replace normal air with enriched air b) Replace enriched air with oxygen c) Treat an object in air or in oxygen w with ith ioniz ionizing ing radiati radiation on d) Use ionized oxygen To obtain more heat from a torch, oxygen is fed to the torch instead of atmospheric air. 39 - INERT ENVIRONMENT Replace the normal environment with an inert one or by vacuum To prevent cotton from catching fire in a warehouse, it is treated with inert gas while being transported to the storage area. 40 - COMPOSITE MATERIALS Replace a homogeneous material with a composite one Military aircraft wings are made of composites of plastics and carbon fibers for high strength and low weight.
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