math 2

LAE SIMULATED TEST

MATHEMATICS 30 items / 40 minutes

General Directions 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.

This test simulates the Law Aptitude Exam. Expect time pressure. Do not begin until you are told to do so. Only pencils and eraser are allowed on top of the table. Scratch paper shall be provided. For each question, choose the best answer according to the instructions. Shade the corresponding circle on your answer sheet. If you want to change your answer, erase the shading completely, then shade your new answer. Stop when the time is up. Do not write anything on any part of this booklet.

1. If Paola is now twice as old as she was seven years ago, how old is Paola? a. 28 d. 7 b. 21 e. None of the above c. 14

2. The sum of the digits of a three-digit number is 12. The ones digit is one more than the tens digit and the hundreds digit is one less than the tens digit. What is the number? a. 876 d. 345 b. 678 e. None of the above c. 543 3. Thirty-six more than five-sixths of a number equals 86. What is the number? a. 60 d. 42 b. 54 e. None of the above c. 48 4. Danielle has a total of forty P20, P50, and P100-bills. She has twice as many P50 as P20-bills. She also has seven P100-bills. How much money does she have? a. P2020 d. P1690 b. P1910 e. None of the above c. P1800 5. How much water should be added to two liters of pure alcohol to make a mixture of 25% alcohol? a. 8 liters d. 5 liters b. 7 liters e. None of the above c. 6 liters 6. What are two consecutive integers, such that the difference of their sum is the square of 5? a. 4 and 5 d. 40 and 41 b. 12 and 13 e. None of the above c. 24 and 25 7. Evaluate: 2 + 24 ÷ 8 • 6 – 20 a. 6 d. 0 b. 4 e. None of the above c. 2

8. The ratio of votes for Melody to votes for Janelyn in an election is 17:8. There were a total of 2,775 votes. How many people voted for Janelyn? a. 1887 d. 555 b. 1554 e. None of the above c. 888 9. The measures of three angles in a triangle are in the ratio of 1:3:5. What is the measure of the smaller angle? a. 20 degrees d. 80 degrees b. 40 degrees e. None of the above c. 60 degrees 10. Which of the following fractions has the greatest value? a. 3 / 5 d. 8 / 13 b. 4 / 7 e. None of the above c. 6 / 11 11. The sum of three consecutive positive integers is less than 272. What pair of numbers has the greatest sum? a. 88, 90, 92 d. 91, 92, 93 b. 89, 90, 91 e. None of the above c. 90, 92, 94 12. What number comes next in the following series? 1, 2, 6, 24, … a. 102 d. 156 b. 120 e. None of the above c. 138 13. A rectangle, whose perimeter is 108 feet, has a length that is 6 feet longer than its width. What is the area of the rectangle? a. 960 ft2 d. 600 ft2 2 b. 840 ft e. None of the above c. 720 ft2 14. Macapal Ads offers advertisements at P72 a page printed in colored. How many pages would if the budget I have is P3,000? a. 29 d. 41 b. 31 e. None of the above c. 37

Copyright © by AHEAD Tutorial and Review Center. All Rights Reserved. No part of this reviewer may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means – whether virtual, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise – without express, written consent of the copyright holder.

LAE SIMULATED TEST 15. Two cars leave a building at the same time in opposite directions. The first car is traveling at 75 kph and the other at 85 kph. How long will it take for the car to be 3,200 kilometers apart? a. 2 hours d. 5 hours b. 3 hours e. None of the above c. 4 hours 16. The theater manager calculated the total revenue for the night to be P49,500. A total of 400 movie tickets and popcorn were sold. If movie tickets cost P150 each and popcorn costs P80, how many movie tickets were sold? a. 150 d. 300 b. 200 e. None of the above c. 250 17. A rectangle and a square have the same area. The length of the rectangle is 5 times its width. The length of a side of the square is 25 inches. What are the dimensions of the rectangle? a. 10” by 140” d. 25” by 125” b. 15” by 135” e. None of the above c. 20” by 130” 18. Kate is four years older than Maan. Marc is four more than two-thirds of Maan’s age. Marc is nine years younger than Kate. How old is Maan? a. 22 d. 35 b. 27 e. None of the above c. 31 19. If 54 is added to a two-digit number, the original number will be reversed. The ones digit of the original number is four times the tens digit. What is the number? a. 28 d. 82 b. 46 e. None of the above c. 64 20. The larger of two numbers is four times the smaller number. The larger number is also 48 more than the smaller number. What is the smaller number? a. 12 d. 64 b. 16 e. None of the above c. 48 21. Evaluate: 22 + 1152 + 21 + 1520 a. 5 d. 8 b. 6 e. None of the above c. 7

MATHEMATICS 22. Cielo has a total of thirty P10 and P5-coins. She has a total of P255. She has twelve more P10 than P5-coins. How many P10coins does she have? a. 21 d. 16 b. 20 e. None of the above c. 18 23. Isabel drove to Angelo's house at 60 kph. Angelo's house is 96 kilometers away. Isabel arrived at Angelo's house at 4:27 PM. What time did she leave? a. 3:55 PM d. 2:19 PM b. 3:23 PM e. None of the above c. 2:51 PM 24. One angle in a triangle is 42 degrees. The difference between the measures of the other two angles is 30 degrees. What is the measure of the largest angle in the triangle? a. 42 degrees d. 95 degrees b. 54 degrees e. None of the above c. 84 degrees 25. The ratio of adult tickets to student tickets for the school play was 3:4. If the sum of the adult tickets and one half of the students tickets is 250, how many adult tickets were sold? a. 100 d. 250 b. 150 e. None of the above c. 200 26. Kevin played a few games of bowling. In the third game he scored 35 more than in the second game. In the first game he scored 40 less than in the third game. His total score for the first three games was 450. If he wants an average score of 150, what must he score in the fourth game? a. 120 d. 150 b. 130 e. None of the above c. 140 27. Margie owns three houses and makes money by renting them out at equal rates. The first house was vacant for six months while the second house was vacant for four months. Margie had total rent receipts of P221,000 for the year. How much, per month, was the rate for renting a house? a. P8,000 d. P8,750 b. P8,250 e. None of the above c. P8,500

Copyright © by AHEAD Tutorial and Review Center. All Rights Reserved. No part of this reviewer may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means – whether virtual, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise – without express, written consent of the copyright holder.

MATHEMATICS

LAE SIMULATED TEST 28. There are three consecutive odd integers. Half the sum of the second and third numbers is 24. What are the integers? a. 23, 24, 25 d. 20, 22, 24 b. 22, 23, 24 e. None of the above c. 21, 23, 25 29. Evaluate: | 5 – 4 | – | 5 – 3 | – | 4 – 3 | a. –1 d. –4 b. –2 e. None of the above c. –3 30. Factor: b3 + 64 a. (b – 4)3 b. (b + 4)(b – 4) c. (b2 – 4)(b + 4)

d. (b + 4)(b2 – 4b + 16) e. None of the above

STOP! Do not go to the next page until you are told to do so. Copyright © by AHEAD Tutorial and Review Center. All Rights Reserved. No part of this reviewer may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means – whether virtual, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise – without express, written consent of the copyright holder.

ABSTRACT REASONING

LAE SIMULATED TEST

50 items / 40 minutes General Directions 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.

This test simulates the Law Aptitude Exam. Expect time pressure. Do not begin until you are told to do so. Only pencils and eraser are allowed on top of the table. Scratch paper shall be provided. For each question, choose the best answer according to the instructions. Shade the corresponding circle on your answer sheet. If you want to change your answer, erase the shading completely, then shade your new answer. Stop when the time is up. Do not write anything on any part of this booklet.

1.

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? Copyright © by AHEAD Tutorial and Review Center. All Rights Reserved. No part of this reviewer may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means – whether virtual, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise – without express, written consent of the copyright holder.

ABSTRACT REASONING

LAE SIMULATED TEST `

7.

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? Copyright © by AHEAD Tutorial and Review Center. All Rights Reserved. No part of this reviewer may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means – whether virtual, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise – without express, written consent of the copyright holder.

ABSTRACT REASONING

LAE SIMULATED TEST 15.

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Copyright © by AHEAD Tutorial and Review Center. All Rights Reserved. No part of this reviewer may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means – whether virtual, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise – without express, written consent of the copyright holder.

D

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ABSTRACT REASONING

LAE SIMULATED TEST 31.

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Copyright © by AHEAD Tutorial and Review Center. All Rights Reserved. No part of this reviewer may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means – whether virtual, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise – without express, written consent of the copyright holder.

D

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ABSTRACT REASONING

LAE SIMULATED TEST 39.

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Copyright © by AHEAD Tutorial and Review Center. All Rights Reserved. No part of this reviewer may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means – whether virtual, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise – without express, written consent of the copyright holder.

D

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ABSTRACT REASONING

LAE SIMULATED TEST 47.

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50.

bear A

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STOP! You have finished the exam. Congratulations! Copyright © by AHEAD Tutorial and Review Center. All Rights Reserved. No part of this reviewer may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means – whether virtual, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise – without express, written consent of the copyright holder.

LAE SIMULATED TEST

LANGUAGE PROFICIENCY 30 items / 20 minutes

General Directions 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.

This test simulates the Law Aptitude Exam. Expect time pressure. Do not begin until you are told to do so. Only pencils and eraser are allowed on top of the table. Scratch paper shall be provided. For each question, choose the best answer according to the instructions. Shade the corresponding circle on your answer sheet. If you want to change your answer, erase the shading completely, then shade your new answer. Stop when the time is up. Do not write anything on any part of this booklet.

GRAMMAR For each of the sentences below, choose the correct word that completes the statement.

1. The senior students have been partying all weekend. They seem to have forgotten that there __________ things to be done before they can graduate. a. is b. are c. were d. was e. None of the above 2. Compared to smoking and driving, almost everything else seems risk-free, __________ almost nothing seems worth regulating. a. yet b. since c. even though d. so e. None of the above

6. I’m tired of you doing all my errands. Don’t wait __________ me. I have my own hands and feet. a. on b. for c. after d. at e. None of the above 7. Hadrian is a fine person to be with because, __________ what he thinks of himself, he has great listening skills. a. although b. in spite of c. despite d. in fact e. None of the above

3. The policemen got there immediately but the troublemakers __________. a. already fled b. had already fled c. have already fled d. already flees e. None of the above

8. There __________ got to be some people in this city who knows how to fix this model of camera. I need to take pictures today for the Nature High magazine. a. have b. has c. is d. are e. None of the above

4. I get very annoyed __________ people who don’t queue at the cashiers. a. on b. with c. for d. from e. None of the above

9. Three-quarters of the entire population __________ against the oil-price hike. a. is b. are c. have d. has e. None of the above

5. We __________ overtime. Business seems to be slackening these days. a. needn’t have done b. don’t need to do c. mustn’t have to do d. shouldn’t have to do e. None of the above

10. We aren’t sure who my partner would be but it might be __________. a. she b. her c. him d. hers e. None of the above

Copyright © by AHEAD Tutorial and Review Center. All Rights Reserved. No part of this reviewer may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means – whether virtual, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise – without express, written consent of the copyright holder.

LAE SIMULATED TEST

LANGUAGE PROFICIENCY

IDENTIFYING ERRORS Choose the letter of the word or phrase that is incorrect. 11. The ambassador was entertained lavish by A Mr. Colby, whose company has a monetary B C interest in the industrial development of the D new country. No error. E

16. That the history professor was able to A lecture so eruditely on a period B with which he himself was unfamiliar was C D surprising to his colleagues. No error. E

12. Among the discoveries A made possible by the invention of the B C telescope they found that dark spots existed D on the Sun in varying numbers. No error. E

17. Of the two late arrivals, David was by far the least apprehensive about meeting A B other people at the wedding party, since he was generally comfortable in groups. C No error. D

13. Because the doctor’s approach to treating A infection differed from his peers , he was B C often thought of as being somewhat radical. D No error. E

18. Regardless of

14. The honor of receiving several A distinguished-service awards have made the B C elderly man forget all about his disputes with D his neighbors. No error. E 15. After entering the hospital, the patient looked A around trying to find a nurse which could tell B C him where he should wait. No error. D E

whether the fire was set

A B on purpose or unintentional, the person C responsible must be punished to the full D extent of the law. No error. E 19. If one wishes to save money, you should not A give in to the temptation of schemes B designed to make money quickly. No error. C D E 20. At the board meeting, the owner of the A corporation disclosed that a large proportion of their profits had come from activities B not approved by its stockholders. No error. C D E

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LAE SIMULATED TEST

LANGUAGE PROFICIENCY

SENTENCE IMPROVEMENT Choose the correct form of the underlined phrase that would make the sentence correct. 21. Scenes from the everyday lives of African Americans, which are realistically depicted are in the paintings of Henry Ossawa Tanner. a. Scenes from the everyday lives of African Americans, which are realistically depicted in the paintings of Henry Ossawa Tanner. b. Scenes from the everyday lives of African Americans being realistically depicted in the paintings of Henry Ossawa Tanner. c. The paintings of Henry Ossawa Tanner realistically depict scenes from the everyday lives of African Americans. d. Henry Ossawa Tanner, in his realistic paintings, depicting scenes from the everyday lives of African Americans. e. None of the above 22. Shakespeare wrote plays and they reflect both the depth of human emotion and the complexity of human society. a. plays that reflect b. plays, who reflect c. plays being reflected by d. plays, being that they reflect e. None of the above 23. The idea that the world will become a battleground for gods and giants is at the heart of Norse mythology. a. That the world become a battkleground for gods and giants is the idea at the heart of Norse Myhtology. b. The idea that the world will become a battleground for gods and giants in Norse mythology is at its heart. c. The world will become a battleground for gods and giants is an idea at the heart of Norse mythology. d. The idea at the heart of Norse mythology, the world will become a battle ground for gods and giants. e. None of the above

24. Looking up from the base of the mountain, the trail seemed more treacherous than it really was. a. Looked up b. While looking up c. Viewed d. Viewing e. None of the above 25. The left-handed can opener was a brilliant invention; the popularization of electric can openers made them obsolete, however. a. invention; electric can openers are popularized and made it obsolete, however. b. invention; but the popularization of the electric can opener made it obsolete. c. invention, and the popularization of the electric can opener made it obsolete. d. invention, however the popularization of the electric can opener made it obsolete. e. None of the above 26. For many academics, having the liberty to teach what they want is more important than having a good salary. a. the liberty to teach what they want b. the liberty of teaching what they want is more important c. there is more importance in being free to teach what they want d. to have the liberty to teach what they want is more important e. None of the above

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LAE SIMULATED TEST 27. Many recent films are based around natural disasters, named in order to evoke fear in audiences. a. films are based around natural disasters, named in order to evoke fear in audiences. b. films, based around natural disasters, are named in order to evoke fear in audiences. c. films are named in order to evoke fear in audiences, based on natural disasters. d. films having their names based on natural disasters are meant to evoke fear in audiences. e. None of the above 28. The conscientious driver pulled out of the driveway looking in both directions. a. The conscientious driver pulled out of the driveway looking in both directions. b. The conscientious driver pulled out of the driveway and looking in both directions. c. Pulling out of the driveway and looking in both directions was the conscientious driver. d. Looking in both directions, the conscientious driver pulled out of the driveway. e. None of the above

LANGUAGE PROFICIENCY 29. The poet Claude McKay was a native of Jamaica who spent most of his life in the United States but writing some of his poems in the Jamaican dialect. a. The poet Claude McKay was a native of Jamaica who spent most of his life in the United States but writing b. Being that he was a Jamaican who spent most of his life in the United States, the poet Claude McKay writing c. Although a native of Jamaica, the poet Claude McKay spent most of his life in the United States, he wrote d. Although the poet Claude McKay spent most of his life in the United States, he was a native of Jamaica and wrote e. None of the above 30. Many ancient Eastern rulers favored drinking vessels made of celadon porcelain because of supposedly revealing the presence of poison by cracking. a. because of supposedly revealing the presence of poison b. for being supposed that it would reveal the presence of poison c. because of being supposed to reveal poison in it d. because it was supposed to reveal the presence of poison e. None of the above

STOP! Do not go to the next page until you are told to do so. Copyright © by AHEAD Tutorial and Review Center. All Rights Reserved. No part of this reviewer may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means – whether virtual, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise – without express, written consent of the copyright holder.

LAE SIMULATED TEST

VERBAL ABILITY 60 items / 30 minutes

General Directions 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.

This test simulates the Law Aptitude Exam. Expect time pressure. Do not begin until you are told to do so. Only pencils and eraser are allowed on top of the table. Scratch paper shall be provided. For each question, choose the best answer according to the instructions. Shade the corresponding circle on your answer sheet. If you want to change your answer, erase the shading completely, then shade your new answer. Stop when the time is up. Do not write anything on any part of this booklet.

SYNONYMS Choose the letter of the word that has the same meaning as the italicized word. 1. baseless calumny a. accusation b. denigration c. statement d. allegations e. None of the above

6. lugubrious eulogy a. mournful b. solemn c. sincere d. pretentious e. None of the above

2. apropos for the situation a. determined b. poised c. suitable d. unseemly e. None of the above

7. judicious lawyer a. dogmatic b. biased c. wise d. flexible e. None of the above

3. feckless attempt to save face a. futile b. fruitful c. fallacious d. forthwith e. None of the above

8. power to hoi polloi a. rabble b. leaders c. followers d. group e. None of the above

4. the defendant’s imperviousness a. deception b. arrogance c. solidness d. impermeable e. None of the above

9. supercilious sneer a. sensitive b. disdainful c. deferential d. degrading e. None of the above

5. multifarious personalities of his team a. warranted b. dreary c. uniform d. motley e. None of the above

10. tenuous alibi a. laborious b. fabricated c. misleading d. insubstantial e. None of the above

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LAE SIMULATED TEST

VERBAL ABILITY

ANTONYMS Choose the letter of the word that is the opposite of the italicized word. 11. amalgamate the two companies a. separate b. fixate c. calibrate d. correlate e. None of the above 12. subliminal message a. suppressed b. phrenic c. conscious d. unpremeditated e. None of the above 13. stolid bureaucracy of the Soviet system a. bovine b. blunt c. uncaring d. passionate e. None of the above 14. vitriolic remarks of the critic a. bellicose b. amicable c. spurious d. ornery e. None of the above 15. renege on the agreement a. persist b. abate c. infract dereliction d. pretext e. None of the above

16. bucolic atmosphere a. phlegmatic b. disconcerting c. civic d. lively e. None of the above 17. a plethora of suggestions a. dearth b. abomination c. variety d. excess e. None of the above 18. soporific speech a. tautological b. roundabout c. invigorating d. impervious e. None of the above 19. dereliction in one’s duty a. abandonment b. negligence c. acquittance d. assiduousness e. None of the above 20. obsequious attendance of her needs a. supercilious b. fawning c. servile d. paramount e. None of the above

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LAE SIMULATED TEST

VERBAL ABILITY

ANALOGY (SINGLE) Choose the letter of the word that would make the relationship true. 21. escape : capture :: dodge : _____ a. bullet b. anger c. blow d. override e. None of the above

26. impetuous : caution :: excessive : _____ a. inanity b. moderation c. respect d. remnant e. None of the above

22. frown : disapprobation :: glower : _____ a. anger b. confidentiality c. circumlocution d. respect e. None of the above

27. abacus : calculator :: hourglass : _____ a. sand b. chronometer c. time d. pendulum e. None of the above

23. elegy : paean :: lamentation : _____ a. blessing b. joy c. song d. abundance e. None of the above

28. innocuous : harmless :: ingenious : _____ a. insipid b. tasteful c. artless d. deleterious e. None of the above

24. urbane : suave :: pedestrian : _____ a. prosaic b. boorish c. tempestuous d. rustic e. None of the above

29. disguise : recognition :: padding : _____ a. lawsuit b. bankruptcy c. ramification d. damage e. None of the above

25. embezzle : trust :: perjure : _____ a. investigation b. faith c. caution d. oath e. None of the above

30. script : play :: score : _____ a. game b. tournament c. symphony d. touchdown e. None of the above

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LAE SIMULATED TEST

VERBAL ABILITY

ANALOGY (PAIRED) Choose the letter of the word pair that would complete the relationship. 31. philanthropist : benevolence :: _____ a. optimist : quintessence b. altruist : generosity c. misogynist : blasphemy d. pessimist : providence e. None of the above

36. employee : wages :: _____ a. negotiator : conflicts b. scholar : books c. composer : symphony d. entrepreneur : profits e. None of the above

32. practical : idealistic :: _____ a. possible : quixotic b. human : seraph c. whimsical : factual d. academic : theoretical e. None of the above

37. captious : tolerant :: _____ a. notorious : renowned b. homogenous : similar c. copious : plentiful d. punctilious : scrupulous e. None of the above

33. authoritativeness : pundits :: _____ a. dedication : signatories b. allegiance : partisans c. sensitivity : literati d. sobriety : executors e. None of the above

38. troubled : distraught :: _____ a. annoyed : disillusioned b. disturbed : interrupted c. covetous : rapacious d. outmoded : ostentatious e. None of the above

34. pusillanimous : dastard :: _____ a. plebeian : theater b. impecunious : mendicant c. optimistic : cynical d. magnanimous : misanthrope e. None of the above

39. mimicry : camouflage :: _____ a. digestion : rumination b. mutation : variation c. territoriality : migration d. hibernation : rumination e. None of the above

35. numb : insensible :: _____ a. burnish : lustrous b. reflect : luminous c. braid : sinuous d. repulse : odious e. None of the above

40. illicit : ratify :: _____ a. obsolete : preserve b. confusing : obscure c. popular : criticize d. belligerent : appease e. None of the above

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LAE SIMULATED TEST

VERBAL ABILITY

SENTENCE COMPLETION Choose the letter of the word/s that would make the sentence correct. 41. Mahatma Gandhi founded and perfected the Satyagraha which he claimed to be the peaceful and honest path to reformation. He strongly believed in non-violence and __________ a. prudence b. veracity c. antagonism d. anarchy e. None of the above

46. Because it is __________ to __________ all the business costs related to employee discontent, an accurate estimate of the magnitude of these costs is not easily calculated. a. difficult… measure b. impossible … justify c. improper… overlook d. useless… pinpoint e. None of the above

42. Legislation has been introduced in some states that require plastic bags be made of biodegradable material which gradually __________ over a period of time. a. subsides b. secretes c. decomposes d. ossifies e. None of the above

47. The senior professor was __________ thinker who believed in doing even tedious calculations by hand rather than using a computer. a. an eclectic b. a cogent c. an insensible d. a dogmatic e. None of the above

43. The air-conditioning unit was operated so as to strike some balance between the danger of __________ electricity bills and the desire of the employees to be comfortable. a. optimum b. inordinate c. exigent d. inchoate e. None of the above

48. Doug was both ——— and ———. He possessed penetrating acuity and discernment and was also extremely humble. a. diligent… supercilious b. perspicacious … unpretentious c. obtuse .. penitent d. sagacious... imposing e. None of the above

44. She was __________ liar who had mastered the art of making untrue remarks in a manner that they sounded __________. a. a congenital… creditable b. a convincing… illogical c. a blatant… incongruous d. an incorrigible… plausible e. None of the above

49. The success of the project was __________ team effort rather than any individual ____________. a. dependent on… perfidy b. commensurate to … compendium c. subordinate to.. idiosyncrasy d. attributed to … accomplishment e. None of the above

45. While some see practical jokes a wish for mastery in miniature over a world that seems __________, others believe that the jokes’ purpose is to disrupt, by reducing all transactions to __________, a. unruly… chaos b. disorderly… symmetry c. harmonious… dissonance d. turbulent… uniformity e. None of the above

50. The Mona Lisa, shipped in a private cabin and received by important dignitaries, was treated more like __________ than a painting upon its arrival in the United States. a. an interloper b. a maverick c. a potentate d. an ascetic e. None of the above

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VERBAL ABILITY

LAE SIMULATED TEST PARAGRAPH COMPLETION Fill in the blank with the correct word. The _____(51)_____ of the source of copper ore used in the manufacture of copper and bronze artifacts of Bronze Age civilizations would add greatly to our knowledge of cultural contacts and trade in that era. Researchers have _____(52)_____ artifacts and ores for their concentration of elements, but for a variety of reasons, these studies have generally failed to provide _____(53)_____ of the sources of the copper used in the objects.

51. a. b. c. d. e.

determination difference actualization remembrance None of the above

52. a. b. c. d. e.

comprehended questioned admired analyzed None of the above

53. a. b. c. d. e.

realization reservation evidence clarity None of the above

The _____(54)_____ of taxation on the back of the people is not unlike the burden of a weight on the back of a horse. Just as a small burden badly placed may _____(55)_____ a horse that could carry with ease a much larger package properly adjusted, so as people may be _____(56)_____ and their power of producing wealth destroyed by taxation that, if levied another way, could be borne with ease.

54. a. b. c. d. e.

benefit load ability subsidy None of the above

55. a. b. c. d. e.

attune distress appease deviate None of the above

56. a. b. c. d. e.

aided prevented impoverished impugned None of the above

Classical physics defines the vacuum as a state of _____(57)______: a vacuum is said to exist in a region of space if there is nothing in it. In the quantum field theories that describe the physics of elementary particles, the vacuum becomes somewhat more _____(58)_______. Even in empty space, particles can appear _____(59)______ as a result of fluctuations of the vacuum. For example, an electron and a positron can be created out of the void. Particles created in this way have only a _____(60)_____ existence; they are annihilated almost as soon as they appear.

57. a. b. c. d. e.

absence abscond abstinence apposite None of the above

58. a. b. c. d. e.

commensurate compensated complicated complacent None of the above

59. a. b. c. d. e.

simultaneously spontaneously insipidly tediously None of the above

60. a. b. c. d. e.

belittled callous fleeing fleeting None of the above

STOP! Do not go to the next page until you are told to do so.

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LAE SIMULATED TEST

LOGICAL REASONING 50 items / 55 minutes

General Directions 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.

This test simulates the Law Aptitude Exam. Expect time pressure. Do not begin until you are told to do so. Only pencils and eraser are allowed on top of the table. Scratch paper shall be provided. For each question, choose the best answer according to the instructions. Shade the corresponding circle on your answer sheet. If you want to change your answer, erase the shading completely, then shade your new answer. Stop when the time is up. Do not write anything on any part of this booklet.

PREMISES/ASSUMPTIONS

1. Given: An Am-gym Fitness Center ad reads: Every single one of us has the potential to be slim and fit, so take the initiative and begin losing excess pounds today. Don’t Eat! Exercise! You’ll lose weight and feel strong, happy, and attractive.

4. Given: The rampant showing of bold movies in our country has enraged many Filipino Christian leaders, moralists, and politicians. For them, these films are indecent and immoral, and are causing many to commit crimes like rape and murder.

Statement: Fat people are not strong, happy, and attractive.

Statement: Movies play a major role in the shaping of a person’s social behavior.

a. The statement is an assumption. b. The statement is not an assumption.

a. The statement is an assumption. b. The statement is not an assumption.

2. Given: This produce stand sells fruits and vegetables. All fruits are delicious, and all vegetables are rich in vitamins. Every fruit that is vitamin-rich is delicious, so everything sold at this stand is delicious.

5. Given: According to one psychological theory, in order to be happy, one must have an intimate relationship with another person. Yet the world’s greatest composers spent most of their time in solitude and had no intimate relationships. So the psychological theory must be wrong.

Statement: This produce stand sells only fruits and vegetables. a. The statement is an assumption. b. The statement is not an assumption. 3. Given: Most radicals who argue for violent revolution and the complete overthrow of our existing society have no clear idea of what will emerge from the destruction. They just assert that things are so bad now that any change would have to be one for the better. But surely this is wrong, for things might actually turn out to be worse. Statement: The specific results of the revolution would be changes for the worse. a. The statement is an assumption. b. The statement is not an assumption.

Statement: The world’s greatest composers were happy. a. The statement is an assumption. b. The statement is not an assumption. 6. Given: Ethical vegetarians argue that it is wrong to rank humans above other animal species. Humans do not have the right to kill animals and eat them. Instead of eating meat, people should eat vegetables. Statement: Vegetables rank lower than human beings and animals. a. The statement is an assumption. b. The statement is not an assumption.

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LAE SIMULATED TEST 7. Given: Everything turns gray when I don’t have at least one mark on the horizon. Life then seems empty and depressing. I cannot understand honest men. They lead desperate lives full of boredom. Statement: Honest men’s lives are empty and depressing a. The statement is an assumption. b. The statement is not an assumption. 8. Given: Haven’t you at some time had a favorite song, book or film that was not well known but later became popular? And didn’t you feel somehow betrayed and resentful when what you thought was unique became commonplace? On larger scale, the same thing happens to novelists or film makers who have enjoyed critical esteem without popular success. Let them become public sensations, and the critics who praised their work will attack them virulently. Statement: Songs, books, and other literary work that become public sensations lose their literary value and become valuable in the commercial sense. a. The statement is an assumption. b. The statement is not an assumption.

LOGICAL REASONING 9. Given: People who feel insecure often compensate by acting in an aggressive manner. Statement: All aggressive people are insecure. a. The statement is an assumption. b. The statement is not an assumption. 10. Given: Journalistic criticism of literature is falling victim to its own efforts to justify its existence. Critics believe that they garner respect from their readers by ignoring objective description in favor of opinionated commentary. Any new work is given the briefest of summaries than mercilessly carved up in an effort to divine its deeper meaning. But the best journalist simply presents facts and allows his audience to decide their meanings independently. Critics should convey the truest possible form of the works in question; let the art, and not the art critic, speak to us. Statement: It is superfluous to criticize art and a mistake to allow people to decide for themselves. a. The statement is an assumption. b. The statement is not an assumption.

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LAE SIMULATED TEST DRAWING CONCLUSIONS 11. There is a God. The Bible says so. The Bible is the Word of God. a. There is no God after all. b. The Word of God says that there is a God. c. The argument is circular. d. The Bible exists. e. None of the above 12. If justice is fair then no prisoner in jail is not guilty. Some of the prisoners in jail who had undergone trial are innocent of the crime they are accused of. Therefore, _____. a. lawyers of the innocent prisoners were not able to defend them well in the trial. b. these prisoners said to be innocent lied when they said that they are not guilty. c. justice is not really fair. d. justice is very difficult to define. e. None of the above 13. The following is an excerpt from a letter sent to a law school applicant: “Thank you for considering our school to further your education. Your application was well received before the deadline and was processed with your admission test score and undergraduate grade report. However, we regret to inform you that you cannot be admitted for the first semester. We have had to refuse admission to many outstanding candidates because of the recent cut in state funding of our program. Thank you for your interest in our school and we wish you success in your future endeavors.” a. The recipient of the letter was being seriously considered for a place in the evening class. b. The recipient of the letter did not have a sufficiently high grade point average to warrant admission to this graduate program. c. Criteria other than test scores and grade reports were used in determining the size of the entering class. d. The law school sending the letter could not fill all places in its entering class due to a funding problem. e. None of the above

LOGICAL REASONING 14. Riothamus, a Briton king of the 5th century, was betrayed by an associate, fought bravely against the Goths but was defeated and disappeared mysteriously. Riothamus’s activities—and only those of Riothamus— match almost exactly those attributed to King Arthur. The stories told about King Arthur are not strictly fictitious but are based on a historical person and historical events. Therefore, _____. a. there is no point establishing a connection between the lives of Riothamus and King Arthur. b. King Arthur is a fictional character. c. Riothamus must be the historical model for the legendary King Arthur. d. King Arthur is not a product of the author’s imagination but Riothamus is. e. None of the above 15. If the Philippine government wants all Filipino children to have the best quality education, then it should either ask all school authorities to make education very affordable or improve the quality of education being given in the public schools. The government does neither of these two. Therefore, _____. a. all Filipino citizens cannot avail of quality education. b. the Philippine government is not sincere in this regard. c. the Philippine government does not want all Filipino children to have the best quality education. d. the quality of education in the Philippines does not have to be improved. e. None of the above

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LOGICAL REASONING

LAE SIMULATED TEST INTERPRETATION For numbers 16-18, refer to the situation below

For numbers 19-22, refer to the situation below

Mr. Brown, Mr. Parker, and Mr. Watson are seated together in a table. One of them is a waiter, another is a barber, and the other is a plumber. Mr. Brown is older than the barber. Mr. Watson is the youngest of the three. The waiter is younger than the barber.

A travel agent is arranging tours that visit various cities: A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, and I. Each tour must be arranged in accordance with the following restrictions:

16. Who is the plumber? a. Mr. Brown b. Mr. Parker c. Mr. Watson d. Either Mr. Brown or Mr. Parker e. None of the above

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17. Mr. Watson is a _____. a. plumber b. barber c. waiter d. either a waiter or a plumber e. None of the above

19. If B is included in a tour, what is the minimum number of other cities which must be included in the tour? a. 2 b. 3 c. 4 d. 5 e. None of the above

18. Which is the proper ordering of the three from the youngest to the eldest? a. Mr. Parker – Mr. Watson – Mr. Brown b. Mr. Parker – Mr. Brown – Mr. Watson c. Mr. Watson – Mr. Parker – Mr. Brown d. Mr. Watson -- Mr. Brown – Mr. Parker e. None of the above

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-

If B is included in a tour, both F and G must also be included. E can be included in any tour only if D is also included. If F is included in a tour, B must be included along with C or I or both. E and F cannot both be included in a tour. A tour cannot include A and G.

20. Which of the following is an acceptable group of cities for a tour? a. B, C, D, E b. B, C, F, G c. B, C, F, H d. A, B, F, G e. None of the above 21. Which two cities can be deleted from the group B, C, D, F, G, and I to form an acceptable tour? a. I and C b. I and F c. F and G d. C and D e. None of the above 22. Which of the following could be made into an acceptable tour by adding exactly one more city? a. B, E, G b. C, E, I c. A, E, G d. G, I, E e. None of the above

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LAE SIMULATED TEST

LOGICAL REASONING

For numbers 23-25, refer to the given below. Three blue balls, two red balls, two green balls, and a yellow ball are to be arranged next to each other with the following conditions: -

The yellow ball is always between the red balls. A blue ball and a green ball occupy the first and the last positions, respectively. A red ball can never be placed beside a green ball.

23. If two blue balls occupy the first two slots, where should the yellow ball be places? a. third b. fourth c. fifth d. sixth e. None of the above 24. The third slot can never be occupied by a _____. a. blue ball b. green ball c. yellow ball d. red ball e. None of the above 25. If each of the green balls is to be placed next to a blue ball, it must follow that: a. The yellow ball occupies the 3rd slot. b. The yellow ball occupies the 5th slot. c. A red ball occupies the 4th slot. d. A red ball occupies the 2nd slot. e. None of the above

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LAE SIMULATED TEST

LOGICAL REASONING

INFERENCES 26. Premises: Some actors are rich. All rich actors are good business investors. Myrna is a good business investor. Statement: Myrna is one of those rich actors. a. The statement follows the given premises. b. The statement does not follow the given premises. 27. Premises: A certain group that worships Jose Rizal as god said that Rizal did not die. It was not he who was executed in Bagumbayan but a man who looked like him. Rizal was able to escape from the Spaniards and is still alive. Statement: Facts about Rizal’s death written in the history books are untrue. a. The statement follows the given premises. b. The statement does not follow the given premises. 28. Premises: All baseball players are athletic. Some teenagers are baseball players. Statement: Some teenagers are athletic. a. The statement follows the given premises. b. The statement does not follow the given premises. 29. Premises: Women may not be as physically strong as men but emotionally they are stronger than some men. Therefore, women are not weak. Statement: True strength is measured not only physically. a. The statement follows the given premises. b. The statement does not follow the given premises.

30. Premises: Many of us are uncertain of the future. This uncertainty, however, should not hinder us from dreaming. Tomorrow may not be as bright as we hoped it would be, but armed with our dreams we can make the world a brighter place in which to live. Statement: Dreams play a vital role in living our lives. a. The statement follows the given premises. b. The statement does not follow the given premises. 31. Premises: To be mentally healthy, people must have self-respect. People can maintain selfrespect only by continually earning the respect of others they esteem. They can earn this respect only by treating others morally. Statement: People who are mentally healthy will be treated morally by others. a. The statement follows the given premises. b. The statement does not follow the given premises. 32. Premises: The expression “the doctrine of unshakable foundations” was once used by a critic in an effort to illuminate the dogmatic nature of certain economic and political philosophies whose adherents, when confronted with the failure of a policy designed to put their philosophy into practice, can conceive of only one reaction: to design another different policy for putting it into practice. Statement: The critic would approve if the adherents allowed failure of a policy to lead them to question the underpinnings of their philosophies. a. The statement follows the given premises. b. The statement does not follow the given premises.

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LAE SIMULATED TEST 33. Premises: If you graduated from a prestigious university then you are certain of getting a high-paying job. A lot of graduates from these universities are still unemployed after months of job-hunting. Statement: The theory that graduates from prestigious universities are assured of highpaying jobs is totally untrue. a. The statement follows the given premises. b. The statement does not follow the given premises. 34. Premises: A certain ship in the Visayas sank because of overloading. Two ships in Luzon sank because of machine problems.

LOGICAL REASONING 35. Premises: Teachers are either strict or indifferent. All strict teachers deliver good lectures in class. Some teachers who deliver good lectures in class are indifferent to their students. Statement: Some indifferent teachers who deliver good lectures in class are strict. a. The statement follows the given premises. b. The statement does not follow the given premises.

Statement: All ships sink because of overloading and machine problems. a. The statement follows the given premises. b. The statement does not follow the given premises.

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LAE SIMULATED TEST

LOGICAL REASONING

ARGUMENTS 36. If the demand for manufactured goods is low, the inflation rate is low. The inflation rate is high. Based on these statements, we can conclude that _____. a. the demand for manufactured goods is high. b. inflation rate is always fluctuating. c. The demand for manufactured goods is low. d. the demand for manufactured goods is inversely proportional to inflation. e. None of the above 37. It was observed that the level of critical thinking of students was diminishing. To solve this problem, we have to put more logic courses in the curriculum. Which argument will weaken the statements above? a. The curriculum cannot accommodate logic courses anymore. b. Studying logic will definitely improve one’s critical thinking ability. c. Logic courses do not necessarily improve students’ critical thinking ability. d. Students need logic to develop critical thinking. e. None of the above 38. Politicians are primarily concerned with their own survival; artists are concerned with revealing truth. Of course, the difference in their reactions is readily predictable. For example, while governmental leaders wrote laws to ensure the triumph of industrialization in Western Europe, artists painted, wrote about, and composed music in response to the horrible conditions created by the Industrial Revolution. Only later did political leaders come to see what the artists had immediately perceived. Experience teaches us that _____. a. artists are utopian by nature while governmental leaders are practical. b. the world would be a much better place to live if only artists would become kings. c. artistic vision perceives in advance of political practice. d. throughout history political leaders have not been very responsive to the needs of their people. e. None of the above

39. Creativity must be cultivated. Consciously, all artists, musicians, and writers practice interpreting the world from new and interesting viewpoints. A teacher can encourage his pupils to be creative by showing them different perspectives for viewing the significance of events in their daily lives. Which of the following, if true, would undermine the author’s claim? a. Some artists, musicians, and writers “burn themselves out” at a very early age, producing a flurry of great works and then nothing after that. b. Public education should stress practical skills, which will help a person get a good job, instead of creative thinking. c. A teacher’s effort to show a pupil different perspectives may actually inhibit development of the student’s own creative process. d. In a well-ordered society, it is important to have some people who are not artists, musicians, or writers. e. None of the above 40. The accountant of a large company warned that over half of the accounts receivable for the previous quarter were delinquent. He suggested that the company hire a collection agency to collect the debt immediately. However, his suggestion was not followed when it was noted that the store had already received over two-thirds of the total amount of the outstanding accounts. If the statements above are true, they most strongly support which one of the following? a. At least one-third of the accounts had been paid before the beginning of the last quarter. b. Two-thirds of the total number of delinquent accounts must have been collected by the collecting agency. c. The company has already collected on twice as many accounts as remained unpaid. d. The total dollar amount and the total number of delinquent accounts are not necessarily proportional. e. None of the above

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LAE SIMULATED TEST

LOGICAL REASONING

41. Scientists have long dreamed of the technological possibilities of nuclear fusion, a process in which the nuclei of two atoms are fused together. The energy that would be generated by this process would far surpass that of nuclear fission. Years of research however, have failed to produce any tangible results. As a result, funding for fusion projects has been drastically reduced. Nonetheless, some scientists continue to believe that fusion is possible. Unfortunately, the one team that claimed to have achieved “cold” fusion failed to replicate its experimental results, and scientists continue to believe that other explanations can be found for the results the team initially observed. Therefore, it is unwise to conclude that nuclear fusion will be achieved in the immediate future. In the passage above, the author reaches his conclusion by _____. a. drawing a conclusion based on lack of evidence for the opposing view b. criticizing the premises on which the opposing side bases its view c. reaching a conclusion that is incompatible with his premises d. basing his conclusion upon experimental results e. None of the above 42. So many arrogant and ill-tempered young men have dominated the tennis courts of late that we have begun to fear those characteristics were prerequisites for championship tennis. Tennis used to be a gentleman’s game. What is sad is not just the game has changed. With so much importance placed on success, it may be that something has gone out of the American character—such things as gentleness and graciousness. Which one of the following, if true, most seriously weakens the argument above? a. Tennis has only recently become a professional sport. b. The “gentleman” of early tennis often dueled to death off the court. c. Some ill-tempered tennis players are unsuccessful. d. Some even-tempered tennis players are successful. e. None of the above

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LAE SIMULATED TEST 43. The results of a recent poll in the United States indicate that 80% of the public opposes the relaxation of existing regulations on air pollution, in contrast to the 17 percent who do not. Furthermore, not a single major segment of the public wants to make environmental laws less strict. The results of this poll reveal that legislators, by voting for a renewal of the Clean Air Act, are being responsive to the will of the public without alienating any significant specialinterest groups. Which of the following pieces of information would be most useful in evaluating the logic of the argument presented above? a. The groups in the population that were defined as major segments of the public are the groups defined as specialinterest groups. b. The length of the time that current federal environment laws have been in effect and the length of time that states have regulated air pollution. c. The people whom the author hope to influence by citing the results of the poll. d. The percentage of those surveyed who chose not to respond to the question asked of them. e. None of the above

LOGICAL REASONING 44. As part of a new commitment to customer satisfaction, an electronics company sent a survey to all customers who had purchased its electronic personal organizer in the previous month. The survey, which was sent through mail, asked customers to give personal information and to rate their satisfaction with the product. Of the customers who responded to the survey, those who indicated a negative opinion of the product’s performance were more than those who indicated a neutral or positive opinion. On the basis of these results, the company, hoping to increase customer satisfaction, decided to allocate a large amount of capital to redesigning the product. Which of the following, if true, indicates the most serious flaw in the method of research used by the company? a. The marketing division has found that responses to their mail-in surveys are generally accurate. b. The company relied on a numerical system of rating responses rather than on open-ended questions that allow for more detailed feedvack. c. People who are satisfied with a product or have no strong opinion about it are less likely to be motivated to return a mail-in questionnaire. d. Customers who were dissatisfied with the information display of the organizer outnumbered customers who were dissatisfied with the variety of functions offered by the organizer. e. None of the above

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LAE SIMULATED TEST 45. Observation reveals that as children become physically exhausted, they become more prone to crying and temper tantrums. Thus, an occurrence of screaming or yelling in a small child is best remedied by providing physical rest. Which one of the following uses the same patterns of reasoning as the argument above? a. Scientists establish the validity of their theories by conducting meticulously controlled experiments. Thus, a scientist who is conducting a meticulously controlled experiment is well on his way to establishing the validity of his theory. b. People who fell insecure often compensate by acting in an aggressive manner. A person who is not acting in an aggressive manner is therefore unlikely to be insecure. c. Washing one’s hand often during the cold season decreases the chance of contracting common cold. If one does not catch a cold during the cold season, it is likely that simple rules of hygiene were observed. d. Habitual lack of sleep leads to a condition known as “chronic exhaustion.” a person who is not chronically exhausted is likely to get regular and sufficient sleep. e. None of the above

LOGICAL REASONING For numbers 46-48, refer to the passage below: After a grueling semester at law school, four classmates, W, X, Y & Z, decided that a threeweek sem-ender spent in Baguio would unwind their nerves. So after packing their clothes, they immediately proceeded to the bus terminal in Cubao to catch the 6:00 PM trip. As they were running late, they decided to take a cab from Katipunan Avenue) where they assembled) to the terminal in Cube. They had barely 10 minutes to get to the terminal to make the trip. But because of the heavy traffic jam at Aurora Boulevard, they ran out of time such that they had to get off the cab along EDSA, right across the bus terminal. They hurriedly grabbed their bags and rushed out of the cab and ran like crazy across EDSA towards the terminal on the other side. The cab drive was yelling curses at them as they ran because they forgot to pay the fare. Across EDSA, a police officer assigned in the Police Stations near the bus terminal was also about to board the same bus. He saw the four fellows run across EDSA, endangering not only their lives but the lives and property of the motorists who tried to avoid hitting them. He also saw and heard the cab driver yelling something about the unpaid fare. But since the police officer was so tired and needed sleep so badly, he just got on the bus and slept on his seat. Meanwhile, the four friends were able to board the same bus. When they arrived in Baguio, the four law students got off the bus ahead of the police officer. They immediately proceeded to a friend’s house and spent two weeks there. They spent the lat week in Sagada feasting on hallucinogenic “magic” mushrooms and marijuana. When they were about to go home, they decided that they would bring some “stash” of marijuana and mushrooms with them to Manila. So they bought a kilo of each, wrapped them in newspaper, and put the packages in two of their four bags. When they boarded the bus for Manila, the police was also there. Upon seeing them, the officer remembered what the four fellows did and decided to arrest them. He said he was arresting them for jaywalking and for not paying the cab driver. He said he was bringing them to the Cubao Police station to be charged for their crimes. He also inspected their bags and found the “stash” in two of the bags.

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LOGICAL REASONING

LAE SIMULATED TEST 46. The four law students protested their arrest saying that it was done without a warrant of arrest. a. The proposition is legally sound and may have basis in law. b. The proposition is not legally sound.

For number 49-50, choose the argument for each of the sets given.

49. a. If support for the Taliban government grows, then their supporters around the world will also form an alliance against the U.S. If the counter offensive in Afghanistan continues in the coming weeks, then support for the Taliban government will grow. The counter offensive will not stop until the Taliban government hands over Bin Laden and the members of the Al Qaeda network to the U.S. If the alliance of Taliban supporters forms, then they will start World War III. World War III will start because of Osama Bin Laden.

47. The arrest was not valid because they were arrested in Baguio and not in Cubao where they committed the crimes. a. The proposition is legally sound and may have basis in law. b. The proposition is not legally sound. 48. The stash found in their bags could not be used against them in any case because they did not have anything to do with jay-walking and non-payment of their obligation to the taxi driver. a. The proposition is legally sound and may have basis in law. b. The proposition is not legally sound.

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b. If the counter offensive in Afghanistan continues in the coming weeks, then support for the Taliban government will grow. If support for the Taliban government grows then their supporters around the world will also form an alliance against the U.S. If the alliance of Taliban supporters forms, then they will start World War III. The counter offensive will not stop if and only if the Taliban government hands over Bin Laden and the members of the Al Qaeda network to the U.S. The Taliban will never hand over Bin Laden to the U.S. Therefore, World War III will start.

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If the counter offensive in Afghanistan continues in the coming weeks, then support for the Taliban government will grow. The counter offensive will not stop until the Taliban government hands over Bin Laden and the members of the Al Qaeda network to the U.S. If the alliance of Taliban supporters forms, then they will start World War III. The Taliban will never hand over Bin Laden to the U.S. Then World War III will start.

d. If the counter offensive in Afghanistan continues in the coming weeks, then support for the Taliban government will grow. If support for the Taliban government grows, then their supporters around the world will also forma n alliance against the U.S. If the alliance of Taliban supporters forms, then they will start World War III. The counter offensive will not stop until the Taliban government hands over Bin Laden and the members of the Al Qaeda network to the U.S. President Bush says he will stop counter offensive next week. Therefore, World War III will never happen.

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LAE SIMULATED TEST

LOGICAL REASONING

50. a. He who knows when to fight and when not to fight will win; He who knows how to deploy large and small forces will win; He whose whole army is united in purpose will win; He who is well-prepared to seize opportunities will win; He whose general are able and not interfered by the ruler will win; Osama Bin Laden knows how to train his men well; Bin Laden will win the war against the United States. b. When outnumbering the enemy ten to one, surround him; When five to enemy’s one, attack him; When double his strength, divide him; When evenly matched, you may choose to fight; When slightly weaker to the enemy, be capable of withdrawing; When greatly inferior to the enemy, avoid engaging him; For no matter how obstinate a small force is, it will succumb to a larger and superior force. c.

A ruler must not start a war out of anger; a general must not fight a battle out of resentment. Engage only when it is in the interest of the State; cease when it is to its detriment. For anger can be restored to happiness, and resentment can become pleasantness; a state that has perished cannot be restored and a man who is dead cannot be resurrected.

d. In war, when capable, feign incapability; when active, feign inactivity; when near to the objective, feign that you are far away, make it appear that you are near. All warfare is based on deception.

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LAE SIMULATED TEST

READING COMPREHENSION 30 items / 40 minutes

General Directions 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.

This test simulates the Law Aptitude Exam. Expect time pressure. Do not begin until you are told to do so. Only pencils and eraser are allowed on top of the table. Scratch paper shall be provided. For each question, choose the best answer according to the instructions. Shade the corresponding circle on your answer sheet. If you want to change your answer, erase the shading completely, then shade your new answer. Stop when the time is up. Do not write anything on any part of this booklet.

Selection A

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It was eleven o'clock that night when Mr. Pontellier returned from his night out. He was in an excellent humor, in high spirits, and very talkative. His entrance awoke his wife, who was in bed and fast asleep when he came in. He talked to her while he undressed, telling her anecdotes and bits of news and gossip that he had gathered during the day. She was overcome with sleep, and answered him with little half utterances. He thought it very discouraging that his wife, who was the sole object of his existence, evinced so little interest in things which concerned him and valued so little his conversation. Mr. Pontellier had forgotten the bonbons and peanuts that he had promised the boys. Notwithstanding, he loved them very much and went into the adjoining room where they slept to take a look at them and make sure that they were resting comfortably. The result of his investigation was far from satisfactory. He turned and shifted the youngsters about in bed. One of them began to kick and talk about a basket full of crabs. Mr. Pontellier returned to his wife with the information that Raoul had a high fever and needed looking after. Then he lit his cigar and went and sat near the open door to smoke it. Mrs. Pontellier was quite sure Raoul had no fever. He had gone to bed perfectly well, she said, and nothing had ailed him all day. Mr.

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LAE SIMULATED TEST

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Pontellier was too well acquainted with fever symptoms to be mistaken. He assured her the child was burning with fever at that moment in the next room. He reproached his wife with her inattention, her habitual neglect of the children. If it was not a mother's place to look after children, whose on earth was it? He himself had his hands full with his brokerage business. He could not be in two places at once; making a living for his family on the street, and staying home to see that no harm befell them. He talked in a monotonous, insistent way. Mrs. Pontellier sprang out of bed and went into the next room. She soon came back and sat on the edge of the bed, leaning her head down on the pillow. She said nothing, and refused to answer her husband when he questioned her. When his cigar was smoked out he went to bed, and in half a minute was fast asleep. Mrs. Pontellier was by that time thoroughly awake. She began to cry a little, and wiped her eyes on the sleeve of her nightgown. She went out on the porch, where she sat down in the wicker chair and began to rock gently to and fro. It was then past midnight. The cottages were all dark. There was no sound abroad except the hooting of an old owl and the everlasting voice of the sea, that broke like a mournful lullaby upon the night. The tears came so fast to Mrs. Pontellier's eyes that the damp sleeve of her nightgown no longer served to dry them. She went on crying there, not caring any longer to dry her face, her eyes, her arms. She could not have told why she was crying. Such experiences as the foregoing were not uncommon in her married life. They seemed never before to have weighed much against the abundance of her husband's kindness and a uniform devotion which had come to be tacit

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LAE SIMULATED TEST

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and self-understood. An indescribable oppression, which seemed to generate in some unfamiliar part of her consciousness, filled her whole being with a vague anguish. It was like a shadow, like a mist passing across her soul's summer day. It was strange and unfamiliar; it was a mood. She did not sit there inwardly upbraiding her husband, lamenting at Fate, which had directed her footsteps to the path which they had taken. She was just having a good cry all to herself. The mosquitoes succeeded in dispelling a mood which might have held her there in the darkness half a night longer. The following morning Mr. Pontellier was up in good time to take the carriage which was to convey him to the steamer at the wharf. He was returning to the city to his business, and they would not see him again at the Island till the coming Saturday. He had regained his composure, which seemed to have been somewhat impaired the night before. He was eager to be gone, as he looked forward to a lively week in the financial center.

1. The narrator would most likely describe Mr. Pontellier's conduct during the evening as __________. a. typically generous b. justifiably impatient c. passionate and irrational d. patronizing and self-centered e. concerned and gentle 2. In lines 69-113, Mrs. Pontellier's reactions to her husband's behavior on returning home suggest that __________. a. she accepts unquestioningly her role of caring for the children b. this is one of the first times she has acknowledged her unhappiness c. her marriage is not what is making her so depressed d. she is angry about something that happened before her husband went out e. she is not as worldly as her husband is

3. In context, the description in lines 58-59 of Mr. Pontellier's way of speaking suggests the narrator's belief that his complaints are __________. a. stumbling and confused b. familiar and not as urgent as he claims c. angry and sarcastic d. too complex to make sense to anyone but himself e. both rational and thought-provoking 4. The passage shows Mr. Pontellier as happiest when he __________. a. is attending to his children b. sits outside and smokes a cigar c. makes up with his wife after an argument d. has been away from home or is about to leave home e. has showered his children with gifts of candy

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LAE SIMULATED TEST

READING COMPREHENSION

Selection B These two passages were adapted from autobiographical works. In the first, a playwright describes his first visit to a theater in the 1930's; in the second, an eighteenth-century writer describes two visits to theaters in London. Passage 1

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I experienced a shock when I saw a curtain go up for the first time. My mother had taken me to see a play at the Schubert Theater on Lenox Avenue in Harlem in New York City. Here were living people talking to one another inside a large ship whose deck actually heaved up and down with the swells of the sea. By this time I had been going to the movies every Saturday afternoon — Charlie Chaplin's little comedies, adventure serials, Westerns. Yet once you knew how they worked, movies, unlike the stage, left the mind's grasp of reality intact since the happenings were not in the theater where you sat. But to see the deck of the ship in the theater moving up and down, and people appearing at the top of a ladder or disappearing through a door — where did they come from and where did they go? Obviously into and out of the real world of Lenox Avenue. This was alarming. And so I learned that there were two kinds of reality, but that the stage was far more real. As the play's melodramatic story developed, I began to feel anxious, for there was a villain on board who had a bomb and intended to blow everybody up. All over the stage people were looking for him but he appeared, furtive and silent, only when the searchers were facing the other way. They looked for him behind posts and boxes and on top of beams, even after the audience had seen him jump into a barrel and pull the lid over him. People were yelling, "He's in the barrel," but the

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LAE SIMULATED TEST

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READING COMPREHENSION

passengers were deaf. What anguish! The bomb would go off any minute, and I kept clawing at my mother's arm, at the same time glancing at the theater's walls to make sure that the whole thing was not really real. The villain was finally caught, and we happily walked out onto sunny Lenox Avenue, saved again.

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I was six years old when I saw my first play at the Old Drury. Upon entering the theater, the first thing I beheld was the green curtain that veiled a heaven to my imagination. What breathless anticipations I endured! I had seen something like it in an edition of Shakespeare, an illustration of the tent scene with Diomede in Troilus and Cressida. (A sight of that image can always bring back in a measure the feeling of that evening.) The balconies at that time, full of well-dressed men and women, projected over the orchestra pit; and the pilasters* reaching down were adorned with a glistering substance resembling sugar candy. The orchestra lights at length rose. Once the bell sounded. It was to ring out yet once again — and, incapable of the anticipation, I reposed my shut eyes in a sort of resignation upon my mother's lap. It rang the second time. The curtain drew up — and the play was Artaxerxes! Here was the court of ancient Persia. I took no proper interest in the action going on, for I understood not its import. Instead, all my feeling was absorbed in vision. Gorgeous costumes, gardens, palaces, princesses, passed before me. It was all enchantment and a dream. After the intervention of six or seven years I again entered the doors of a theater. That old Artaxerxes evening had never done ringing in my fancy. I expected the same

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LAE SIMULATED TEST

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feelings to come again with the same occasion. But we differ from ourselves less at sixty and sixteen, than the latter does from six. In that interval what had I not lost! At six I knew nothing, understood nothing, discriminated nothing. I felt all, loved all, wondered all. I could not tell how, but I had left the temple a devotee, and was returned a rationalist. The same things were there materially; but the emblem, the reference, was gone. The green curtain was no longer a veil, drawn between two worlds, the unfolding of which was to bring back past ages, but a certain quantity of green material, which was to separate the audience for a given time from certain of their fellows who were to come forward and pretend those parts. The lights — the orchestra lights — came up a clumsy machinery. The first ring, and the second ring, was now but a trick of the prompter's bell. The actors were men and women painted. I thought the fault was in them; but it was in myself, and the alteration which those many centuries — those six short years — had wrought in me.

5. The authors of both passages describe __________. a. a young person's sense of wonder at first seeing a play b. a young person's desire to become a playwright c. the similarities between plays and other art forms d. how one's perception of the theater may develop over time e. the experience of reading a play and then seeing it performed 6. The "happenings" mentioned in line 17 refer to the __________. a. work undertaken to produce a movie b. events occurring in the street outside the theater c. fantasies imagined by a child d. activity captured on the movie screen e. story unfolding on the stage

7. In the final sentence of Passage 2 ("I thought … in me"), the author expresses __________. a. exultation b. vindication c. pleasure d. regret e. guilt 8. Which of the following best describes the difference between Passages 1 and 2? a. Passage 1 remembers an event with fondness, while Passage 2 recalls a similar event with bitter detachment. b. Passage 1 considers why the author responded to the visit as he did, while Passage 2 supplies the author's reactions without further analysis. c. Passage 1 relates a story from a number of different perspectives, while Passage 2 maintains a single point of view.

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LAE SIMULATED TEST

READING COMPREHENSION

d. Passage 1 treats the visit to the theater as a disturbing episode in the author's life, while Passage 2 describes the author's visit as joyful. e. Passage 1 recounts a childhood experience, while Passage 2 examines how a similar experience changed over time. Selection C Passage 1

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Cloning creates serious issues of identity and individuality. The cloned person may experience concerns about his or her distinctive identity, not only because the person will be in genotype (genetic makeup) and appearance identical to another human being, but, in this case, because he or she may also be twin to the person who is the "father" or "mother"—if one can still call them that. What would be the psychic burdens of being the "child" or "parent" of your twin? The cloned individual, moreover, will be saddled with a genotype that has already lived. He or she will not be fully a surprise to the world. People will likely always compare a clone's performance in life with that of the original. True, a cloned person's nurture and circumstances in life will be different; genotype is not exactly destiny. Still, one must also expect parental and other efforts to shape this new life after the "original—or at least to view the child with the original vision always firmly in mind. Why else then would they clone from the star basketball player, mathematician, and beauty queen—or even dear old dad—in the first place? Since the birth of Dolly, there has been a fair amount of doublespeak on this matter of genetic identity. Experts have rushed in to reassure the public that the clone would in no way be the same person, or have any confusions about his or her identity; they are pleased to point out that the clone of film star Julia Roberts would not be Julia Roberts. Fair enough. But one is shortchanging the truth by emphasizing the additional importance of the environment, rearing, and social setting: genotype obviously matters plenty. That, after all, is the only reason to clone, whether human beings or sheep. The odds that clones of basketball star Larry Bird will play basketball are, I submit, infinitely greater than they are for clones of jockey Willie Shoemaker.

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Given all the brouhaha, you'd think it was crystal cleat why cloning human beings is unethical. But what exactly is wrong with it? What would a clone be? Well, he or she would be a complete human being who happens to share. the same genes with another person. Today, we call such people identical twins. To my knowledge no one has argued that twins are immoral. "You should treat all clones like you would treat all monozygous [identical] twins or

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LAE SIMULATED TEST

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triplets,"concludes Dr. H. Tristam Engelhardt, a professor of medicine at Baylor and a philosopher at Rice University. 'That's it." It would be unethical to treat a human clone as anything other than a human being. Some argue that the existence of clones would undermine the uniqueness of each human being. "Can individuality, identity, and dignity be severed from genetic distinctiveness, and from belief in a person's open future?" asks political thinker George Will. Will and others have fallen under the sway of what one might call "genetic essentialism," the belief that genes almost completely determine who a person is. But a person who is a clone, would live in a very different world from that of his or her genetic predecessor. With greatly divergent experiences, their brains would be wired differently. After all, even twins who grow up together are separate people—distinct individuals with different personalities and certainly no lack of Will's "individuality, identity, and dignity." But what about cloning exceptional human beings? George Will put it this way: "Suppose a clone of basketball star Michael Jordan, age 8, preferred violin to basketball? Is it imaginable? If so, would it be tolerable to the cloner?" Yes, it is imaginable, and the cloner would just have to put up with violin recitals. Kids are not commercial property. Overzealous parents regularly push their children into sports, music, and dance lessons, but given the stubborn nature of individuals, those parents rarely manage to make kids stick forever to something they hate. A ban on: cloning wouldn't abolish pushy parents.

9. In line 13, the author of Passage 1 uses the word “True" to indicate __________. a. acknowledgement that the passage's opening arguments are tenuous b. recognition of a potential counterargument c. conviction about the accuracy of the facts presented d. distrust of those who insist on pursuing cloning research e. certainty that cloning will one day become commonplace 10. The question in lines 18-20 ("Why else … first place") chiefly serves to __________. a. suggest that some issues are not easily resolved b. argue for the importance of parents in the lives of children c. offer an anecdote revealing the flaw in a popular misconception d. imply that cloning might displace morefamiliar means of reproduction e. suggest the value perceived in a person who might be selected for cloning

11. In line 21, "fair" most nearly means __________. a. considerable b. pleasing c. ethical d. just e. promising 12. The authors of both passages agree that __________. a. genetic characteristics alone cannot determine a person's behavior b. a formal code of ethical rules will be needed once human beings can be cloned c. people who are cloned from others may have greater professional opportunities d. identical twins and triplets could provide useful advice to people related through cloning e. cloning human beings is a greater technological challenge than cloning sheep

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LAE SIMULATED TEST 13. The author of Passage 1 mentions two sports stars (lines 31-33) in order to __________. a. argue against genetic analysis of any sports star's physical abilities b. distinguish between lasting fame and mere celebrity c. clarify the crucial role of rigorous, sustained training d. highlight the need for greater understanding of the athletes' genetic data e. suggest that athletes' special skills have a genetic-component

READING COMPREHENSION b. public concern about human cloning will eventually diminish c. human cloning is a genuine possibility in the future d. individualism is less prized today than it has been in the past e. technological advances have had a mostly positive impact on society 15. In line 49, "open" most nearly means __________. a. overt b. frank c. unrestricted d. unprotected e. public

14. Both passages base their arguments on the unstated assumption that __________. a. genetic distinctiveness is crucial to human survival as a species Selection D This passage is taken from a novel set in early twentieth-century England. Mrs. Deverell is the widow of a shop-keeper who lived and worked in Volunteer Street; their daughter Angel has become a bestselling novelist. Here, Mrs. Deverell finds herself in a new home that she and Angel share in the prosperous village of Alderhurst.

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"I never thought I would live in such a beautiful place," Mrs. Deverell told Angel when they first moved in. But nowadays she often suffered from the lowering pain of believing herself happy when she was not. "Who could be miserable in such a place?" she asked. Yet, on misty October evenings or on Sundays, when the church bells began, sensations she had never known before came over her. She sometimes felt better when she went back to see her friends on Volunteer Street; but it was a long way to go. Angel discouraged the visits, and her friends seemed. to have changed. Either they put out their best china and thought twice before they said anything, or they were defiantly informal—"You'll have to take us as you find us"—and would persist in making remarks like "Pardon the apron, but there's no servants here to polish the grate." In each case, they were watching her for signs of grandeur or condescension. She fell into little traps they laid and then they were able to report to the neighbors. 'It hasn't taken her long to start putting on airs." She had to be especially careful to recognize everyone she met, and walked up the street with an expression of anxiety which was misinterpreted as disdain. The name "Deverell Family Grocer" stayed "for a long time over the shop, and she was pleased that it should, although Angel frowned with annoyance when she heard of it. Then one day the faded name was scraped and burnt

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LAE SIMULATED TEST

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away, and on her next visit to Volunteer Street, she saw that "Cubbage's Stores" was painted there instead. She felt an unaccountable panic and dismay at the sight of this and at the strange idea of other people and furniture in those familiar rooms. "Very nice folk," she was told. "She's so friendly. Always the same. And such lovely kiddies." Mrs. Deverell felt slighted and wounded; going home she was so preoccupied that she passed the wife of the landlord of The Volunteer without seeing her. "1 wouldn't expect Alderhurst people to speak to a bar keep's wife," the woman told everyone in the saloon bar. "Even though it was our Gran who laid her husband out when he died." All of their kindnesses were remembered and brooded over; any past kindness Mrs. Deverell had done—and they were many—only served to underline the change which had come over her. At a time of her life when she needed the security of familiar things, these were put beyond her reach. It seemed to her that she had wasted her years acquiring skills which in the end were to be of no use to her: her weather-eye for a good drying day; her careful ear for judging the gentle singing sound of meat roasting in the oven; her touch for the freshness of meat; and how, by smelling a cake, she could tell if it were baked. These arts, which had taken so long to perfect, fell now into disuse. She would never again, she grieved, gather up a great fragrant line of washing in her arms to carry indoors. One day when they had first come to the new house, she had passed through the courtyard where sheets were hanging out: she had taken them in her hands and, finding them just at the right stage of drying, had begun to unpeg them. They were looped all about her shoulders when Angel caught her. "Please leave work to the people who should do it," she had said. "You will only give offense." She tried hard not to give offense; but it was difficult. The smell of ironing being done or the sound of eggs being whisked set up a restlessness which she could scarcely control. The relationship of mother and daughter seemed to have been reversed, and Angel, now in her early twenties, was the authoritative one; since girlhood she had been taking on one responsibility after another, until she had left her mother with nothing to perplex her but how to while away the hours when the servants were busy and, her daughter was at work. Fretfully, she would wander around the house, bored, but afraid to interrupt; she was like an intimidated child.

16. Which interpretation of Mrs. Deverell's statement in line 1 ("I never … place") is most fully supported by the rest of the passage? a. It reveals an unsatisfied longing for beauty and comfort.

b. It suggests that Mrs. Deverell is unprepared for her new life. c. It illustrates Mrs. Deverell's desire to impress her old friends. d. It hints at Mrs. Deverell's increasing discomfort with her daughter's career.

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LAE SIMULATED TEST e. It indicates Mrs. Deverell's inability to be happy in any environment. 17. The "sensations" (Line 7) might best be described as feelings of __________. a. anger and bitterness b. reverence and gratitude c. dejection and isolation d. nostalgia and serenity e. empathy and concern

18. The primary purpose of the second paragraph (lines 9-23) is to show Mrs. Deverell's __________. a. surprise that her friends have not forgotten her b. nostalgia for her old neighborhood c. feelings of superiority toward her friends d. embarrassment about her former neighborhood e. changing relationship with her friends' 19. The author most likely quotes Mrs. Deverell's friends in lines 14-16 in order to __________. a. voice a concern b. dismiss a belief c. illustrate an attitude d. cite an authority e. mock an undertaking

READING COMPREHENSION a. account for a peculiar style of dress b. bemoan the lack of adequate help around the house c. frankly apologize for the messiness of the family's home d. indirectly express resentment about a difference in social status e. overtly call attention to Mrs. Deverell's arrogant behavior 21. Mrs. Deverell's reaction to the remarks quoted in lines 32-33 suggests that she thinks that these remarks __________. a. contain an implicit criticism b. mischaracterize the new family c. are a poor attempt at humor d. stem from an old grudge e. insult the memory of her husband 22. Which of the following is suggested by lines 40-43 (“All of … her”) about the customers in the saloon bar? a. They do not recall those occasions when Mrs. Deverellwas kind to them. b. They feel that Mrs. Deverell is still essentially the same person that she has always been. c. They are not especially well acquainted with Mrs.Deverell. d. They are more generous toward themselves than they are toward Mrs. Deverell. e. They do not generally share the opinions of the bar keeper's wife.

20. The speaker of the sentence quoted in lines 15-16 ("Pardon ... grate") most likely intends to __________. Selection E In the following passage from a newspaper commentary written in 1968, an architecture critic discusses old theaters and concert halls.

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After 50 years of life and 20 years of death, the great Adler and Sullivan Auditorium in Chicago is back in business again. Orchestra Hall, also in Chicago, was beautifully spruced up for its sixty-eighth birthday. In St. Louis, a 1925 movie palace has been successfully transformed into Powell Symphony Hall, complete with handsome bar from New York's demolished Metropolitan Opera House.

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LAE SIMULATED TEST

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Sentimentalism? Hardly. This is no more than a practical coming of cultural age, a belated recognition that fine old buildings frequently offer the most for the money in an assortment of values, including cost, and above all, that new cultural centers do not a culture make. It indicates the dawning of certain sensibilities, perspectives, and standards without which arts programs are mockeries of everything the arts stand for. The last decade has seen city after city rush pell-mell into the promotion of great gobs of cultural real estate. It has seen a few good new theaters and a lot of bad ones, temples to bourgeois muses with all the panache of suburban shopping centers. The practice has been to treat the arts in chamber-of-commerce, rather than in creative, terms. That is just as tragic as it sounds. The trend toward preservation is significant not only because it is saving and restoring some superior buildings that are testimonials to the creative achievements of other times, but also because it is bucking the conventional wisdom of the conventional power structure that provides, the backing for conventional cultural centers to house the, arts. That wisdom, as it comes true-blue from the hearts and minds of real estate dealers and investment bankers, is that you don't keep old buildings; they are obsolete. Anything new is better than anything old and anything big is better than anything small, and if a few cultural values are lost along the way, it is not too large a price to pay. In addition, the new, big buildings must be all in one place so they will show. They'11 not only serve the arts, they'11 improve the surrounding property values. Build now, and fill them later. At the same time, tear down the past, rip out cultural roots, erase tradition, rub out the architectural evidence that the arts flowered earlier in our cities and enriched them and that this enrichment is culture. Substitute a safe and sanitary status symbol for the loss. Put up the shiny mediocrities of the present and demolish the shabby masterpieces of the past. That is the ironic other side of the "cultural explosion" coin. In drama, and in life, irony and tragedy go hand in hand. Chicago's Auditorium is such a masterpiece. With its glowing, golden ambiance, its soaring arches and superstage from which whispers can be heard in the far reaches of the theater, it became a legend in its own time. One of the great nineteenth-century works of Louis Sullivan and Dankmar Adler and an anchor point of modern architectural history, it has been an acknowledged model of acoustical and aesthetic excellence. (Interestingly, the Auditorium is a hard theater in which to install microphones today, and many modern performers, untrained in balance and projection and reliant on technical mixing of sound, find it hard to function in a near-perfect house.) Until October 1967, the last performance at the Auditorium was of Hellzapoppin' in 1941, and the last use of the

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LAE SIMULATED TEST

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great stage was for bowling alleys during the Second World War. Closed after that, it settled into decay for the next 20 years. Falling plaster filled the hall, and the golden ceiling was partly ruined by broken roof drains. Last fall the Auditorium reopened, not quite in its old glory, but close to it. The splendors of the house were traced in the eightcandlepower glory of carbon-filament light bulbs of the same kind used in 1889 when the theater, and electricity, were new. Their gentle brilliance picked out restored architectural features in warm gilt and umber. We have never had greater technical means or expertise to make our landmarks bloom. The question is no longer whether we can bring old theaters back to new brilliance, but whether we can fill them when they're done. As with the new centers, that will be the acid cultural test.

23. The principal function of the opening paragraph is to __________. a. introduce the concept of conventional arts centers b. illustrate the trend toward revitalization of cultural landmarks c. explore the connection between classical architecture and the arts d. provide an explanation for the theater's resurgent popularity e. contrast the beauty of old. theaters with ordinary modern buildings 24. On the basis of information provided in the rest of the passage, the word "death" (line 1) best conveys __________. a. flagging attendance b. wartime malaise c. demolition d. neglect e. disrepute 25. The bar mentioned in line 7 had apparently been __________. a. costly but symbolic b. beautiful but outdated c. enlarged and elongated d. treasured and imitated e. rescued and relocated 26. The question in line 9 is intended to __________. a. expose the folly of the new construction b. convey the emotional burdens of the past c. provide a typical explanation for the renovations d. lament the decline of cultural values e. address the public's indifference toward old buildings

27. As described in lines 17-23, the "practice" refers to the __________. a. commercialization of culture b. preservation of cultural treasures c. construction of shopping centers d. government funding of the arts. e. distortion of theatrical works 28. In lines 13-14, the phrase "new … make" most directly suggests that __________. a. modern architects lack the artistic reputations of their predecessors b. the commercial treatment of culture encourages art that is mass-produced c. culture evolves out of tradition and cannot be instantly created d. historically significant venues positively influence the creative process e. new cultural centers should be constructed in collaboration with artists 29. The description in lines 20-21 ("temples … centers") best serves to __________. a. scorn the architects' commitment to historically accurate renovations b. mock the timeworn theatrical works showcased in modern cultural centers c. deprecate the appearance and character of many new theaters d. downplay the government's efforts to support the arts e. poke good-humored fun at commercial establishments 30. In lines 27-30, the author uses the word "conventional" several times in order to __________. a. reveal the performers' frustration with modern theaters

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READING COMPREHENSION

b. disparage the present-day treatment of the arts c. parody the creative efforts of contemporary artists d. emphasize the absurdity of a purely aesthetic approach to the arts e. exaggerate the importance of tradition in the arts

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