Material Properties

Material used for Piston rods EN8 Steel BS970: 1955 EN8, BS970/PD970: 1970 onwards 080M40 080M40..

Related European grades: C40, C45, Ck40,Ck45, Cm40, Cm45, Werkstoff no. 1.0511, 1.1186, 1.1189. US Grades: SAE (AISI) 1039, 1040, 1042, 1043, 1045. EN8 flats and squares in stock now >> EN8 is usually supplied untreated but can be supplied to order in the normalized or

finally heat treated (quenched and tempered to "Q" or "R" properties for limiting ruling sections up to 63mm), which is adequate for a wide range of applications. Please refer to our selection guide for comparisons. EN8 is a very popular grade of through-hardening medium carbon steel, which is readily machinable in any condition. (Refer to our machinability guide) guide). EN8 is suitable for the manufacture of parts such as general-purpose axles and shafts, gears, bolts and studs. It can be further surface-hardened typically to 50-55 HRC by induction processes, producing components with enhanced wear resistance. For such applications the use of EN8D (080A42) is advisable. It is also available in a free-machining version, EN8M (212A42) EN8 in its heat treated forms possesses good homogenous metallurgical structures, giving consistent machining properties. Good heat treatment results on sections larger than 63mm may still be achievable, but it should be noted that a fall-off in mechanical properties would be apparent approaching the centre of the bar. It is therefore recommended that larger sizes of EN8 are supplied in the untreated condition, and that any heat treatment treatment is carried out after initial stock removal. This should achieve better mechanical properties towards the core. Rod Diameter

Final Size

Ground Dia. Before chrome plating

Max. Plating after grinding to final size

Ф 25

Ф 25.20 / Ф 25.00

Ф 24.92 / Ф 24.90

Max. 0.3 mm / Min. 0.08 Circumferentially

Ф 28

Ф 28.20 / Ф 28.00

Ф 27.92 / Ф 27.90

Max. 0.3 mm / Min. 0.08 Circumferentially

Ф 30

Ф 30.20 / Ф 30.00

Ф 29.92 / Ф 29.90

Max. 0.3 mm / Min. 0.08 Circumferentially

Ф 36

Ф 36.20 / Ф 36.00

Ф 35.92 / Ф 35.90

Max. 0.3 mm / Min. 0.08 Circumferentially

Ф 45

Ф 45.20 / Ф 45.00

Ф 44.92 / Ф 44.90

Max. 0.3 mm / Min. 0.08 Circumferentially

Shear Properties A shearing stress acts parallel to the stress plane, whereas a tensile or c ompressive stress acts normal to the stress plane. Shear properties are primarily used in the design of mechanically fastened components, webs, and torsion members, and other components subject to parallel, opposing loads. Shear properties are dependent on the type of shear test and there is a variety of different standard shear tests that can be performed including t he single-shear test, double-shear test, blanking-shear test, torsion-shear test and others. The shear modulus of elasticity is considered a basic shear property. Other properties, such as the proportional limit stress and shear ultimate stress, cannot be treated as basic shear properties because of “form factor” effects.

Compressive Properties In theory, the compression test is simply the opposite of the tension test with respect to the direction of loading. In compression testing the sample is squeezed while the load and the displacement are recorded. Compression tests result in mechanical properties that include the compressive yield stress, compressive ultimate stress, and compressive modulus of elasticity.

Compressive yield stress is measured in a manner identical to that done for tensile yield strength. When testing metals, it is defined as the stress corresponding to 0.002 in./in. plastic strain. For plastics, the compressive yield stress is measured at the point of permanent yield on the stress-strain curve. Moduli are generally greater in compression for most of the commonly used structural materials. Ultimate compressive strength is the stress required to rupture a specimen. This value is much harder to determine for a compression test than it is for a tensile test since many material do not exhibit rapid fracture in compression. Materials such as most plastics that do not rupture can have their results reported as the compressive strength at a specific deformation such as 1%, 5%, or 10% of the sample's original height. For some materials, such as concrete, the compressive strength is the most important material  property that engineers use when designing and building a structure. Compressive strength is also commonly used to determine whether a concrete mixture meets the requirements of the ob specifications.

Bearing Properties Bearing properties are used when designing mechanically fastened joints. The purpose of a  bearing test is to determine the the deformation of a hole as a function of the applied bearing stress. The test specimen is basically a piece of sheet or plate with a carefully prepared hole some standard distance from the edge. Edge-to-hole diameter ratios of 1.5 and 2.0 are common. A hardened pin is inserted through the hole and an axial load applied to the specimen and the pin. The bearing stress is computed by dividing the load applied to the pin, which bears against the edge of the hole, by the bearing ar ea (the product of the pin diameter and the sheet or plate thickness). Bearing yield and ultimate stresses are obtained from  bearing tests. BYS is computed from a bearing stress deformation curve by drawing a line  parallel to the initial slope at an offset of 0.02 times the pin diameter. BUS is the maximum stress withstood by a bearing specimen

Proof Stress – 450 N/mm2 – 45 kg/mm2 Elongation – 66N/mm² (6.6 kg/mm²) in varying condition and 100 N/mm² (10 kg/mm²) in Steady condition for mild steel as per cmti hand book pg. 685

EN 19 Alloy Steel

EN19 is a high quality, high tensile steel usually supplied readily machine able in ‘T’

condition, giving good ductility and shock resisting properties combined with resistance to wear. Chemical Composition

Element Min Max Carbon, C 0.35 0.45% Manganese, Mn 0.50 0.80% Silicon, Si 0.10 0.35% Nickel, Ni -.-- -.-Molybdenum, Mo 0.20 0.40% Chromium, Cr 0.90 1.50% Sulfur, S -.-- 0.05 Phosphorous, P -.-- 0.05 Mechanical Properties

Tensile Yield Proof Heat a% on Impact Impact Hardness Size Strength Stress Stress Treatment 5.665ÖSo Izod J KCV J HB mm Rm N/mm² Re N/mm² rp0.2 R 700/850 495 15 34 28 480 201/225 >100≤250 S 775/925 555 13 27 22 540 223/277 >150≤250 S 775/925 585 15 54 50 570 223/277 >63≤150

T U V W

850/1000 925/1075 1000/1150 1075/1225

680 755 850 940

13 12 12 12

54 47 47 40

50 42 42 35

655 740 835 925

248/302 269/331 293/352 311/375

>29≤100 >13≤63 >6≤29 >6≤19

Applications

EN19T was originally introduced for the use in the machine tool and motor industries for gears, pinions, shafts, spindles and the like. Later its applications became much more extended and it is now widely used in areas such as the oil and gas industries. EN19T is suitable for applications such as gears, bolts, studs and a wide variety of applications where a good quality high tensile steel grade is suited Forging

Pre heat carefully, then raise temperature to 850-1200°C for forging. Do not forge below 850°C. After forging cool slowly in still air. Annealing

Heat the EN19T slowly to 680-700°C. Cool in air. Hardening

This steel grade is commonly supplied ready heat treated. If further heat treatment is required annealed EN19 should be heated slowly to 860-890°C and after adequate soaking at this temperature quench in oil. Temper as soon as tools reach room temperature. Tempering

Heat carefully to a suitable temperature selected by reference to a tempering chart or table. Soak at the temperature for 2 hours per 25mm of ruling section, then allow to cool in air. Tempering between 250-375°C is not advised as tempering within this range will reduce the impact value. Heat Treatment

Heat treatment temperatures, including rate of heating, cooling and soaking times will vary due to factors such as the shape and size of each steel component. Other considerations during the heat treatment process include the type of furnace, quenching medium and work piece transfer facilities. Please consult your heat treatment provider for full guidance on heat treatment of EN19T alloy steel.

The table below compares common grades of materials from various international specifications. Note that materials compared are the nearest available grade and may have slight variations in actual chemistry.

Comparison of steel grades by chemistry

EN #

EN name

DIN

BS 970

UNI

JIS

1018

CK15 C15 C16.8

040A15 080M1 5 080A15 EN3B

C15 C16 1C15

S15 S15C K S15C

060A47 080A46 080M4 6

C45 1C45 C46 C43

S45C S48C

SAE

UNS

Carbon steels

1.114 1 1.040 1 1.045 3

C15D C18D

1.050 3 1.119 1 1.119 3 1.119 4

C45

1045

C45 CK45 CF45 CQ45

1.072 6 1.072 7

35S20 45S20

1140/114 6

35S20 45S20

212M4 0 En8M

1215

9SMn28 9SMn36

230M0 7 En1A

CF9SMn28 CF9SMn36

SUM 25 SUM 22

12L14

9SMnPb 28 9SMnPb 36

230M0 7 Leaded En1A Leaded

CF9SMnPb2 9 CF9SMnPb3 6

SUM 22L SUM 23L SUM 24L

1.071 5 1.073 6

11SMn37

1.071 8 1.073 7

11SMnPb3 0 11SMnPb3 7

Alloy steels

1.7218

1.7223 1.7225 1.7227 1.3563

4130

42CrMo4

25CrMo4 GS25CrMo4

25CrMo4 (KB) 30CrMo4

SCM 420 SCM 430 SCCrM1

708M40 708A42 709M40 En19 En19C

41CrMo4 38CrMo4 (KB) G40 CrMo4 42CrMo4

SCM 440 SCM 440H SNB 7 SCM 4M SCM 4

SNCM 447 SNB241-5

SNCM 200 (H)

708A30 CDS110

4140/4142

41CrMo4 42CrMo4 42CrMoS4 43CrMo4

817M40 En24

35NiCrMo6 (KB) 40NiCrMo7 (KB)

805A20 805M20

20NiCrMo2

1.6582 1.6562

34CrNiMo6

4340

34CrNiMo6 40NiCrMo84

1.6543 1.6523

20NiCrMo22

8620

21NiCrMo22 21NiCrMo2

Stainless steels

1.431 0

X10CrNi18-8

301

1.431 8

X2CrNiN18-7

301L N

1.430 5

X8CrNiS18-9

303

S3010 0

S3030 0

1.430 1

X2CrNi19-11 X2CrNi18-10

304

S3040 0

1.430 6

X2CrNi19-11

304L

S3040 3

1.431 1

X2CrNiN18-10

304L N

S3045 3

1.494 8

X6CrNi18-11

304H

S3040 9

1.430 3

X5CrNi18-12

305

S3050 0

1.440 1 1.443 6

X5CrNiMo1712-2 X5CrNiMo1814-3

316

S3160 0

X10CrNiS18 -9

202S 21 En58 M

X10CrNiS1 8-09

SUS 303

X5CrNi18-9 X5CrNi1810 XCrNi19-9

304S 15 304S 16 304S 18 304S 25 En58 E

X5CrNi1810

SUS 304 SUS 304-CSP

304S 11

X5CrNiMo17 12 2 X5CrNiMo17 13 3 X5CrNiMo

316S 29 316S 31 316S

SUS304 L

X5CrNiMo 17 12 X5CrNiMo 17 13

SUS 316 SUS316 TP

19 11 X5CrNiMo 18 11

1.440 4

X2CrNiMo1712-2

316L

S3160 3

1.440 6 1.442 9

X2CrNiMoN17 -12-2 X2CrNiMoN17 -13-3

316L N

S3165 3

316T i

S3163 5

317L

S3170 3

321

S3210 0

1.457 1

1.443 8

X2CrNiMo1815-4

1.454 1

1.487 8

X12CrNiTi189

321H

S3210 9

1.451 2

X6CrTi12

409

S4090 0

410

S4100 0

430

S4300 0

440A

S4400 2

1.401 6

33 En58 J

316S 11

X8CrNiMo 17 13

SUS316 L

X6CrNiMoTi 17-12

320S 33

X6CrNiTi1810

321S 31

SUS321

X6Cr17

430S 17

SUS430

1.411 2

440B

S4400 3

1.412 5

440C

S4400 4

1.410 4

440F

S4402 0

904L

N089 04

1.453 9

X1NiCrMoCu2 5-20-5

1.454 7

X1CrNiMoCuN 20-18-7

X14CrMoS1 7

SUS430 F

S3125 4

Tool steels

1.2363

X100CrMoV5

A2

X100CrMoV51

BA 2

X100CrMoV5-1 KU

SKD 12

1.2379

X153CrMoV12

D2

X153CrMoV121

BD 2

X155CrVMo12-1

SKD 11

O1

100MnCrW4

Bo 1

95MnWCr-5 KU

1.2510

Properties of IS 2062 Application – Pistons / Mounting Flanges, Front End Cap, Rear End Cap, Gland, Guide Plate, Mtg. Plate

Honed Tubing:

Our honed tubing is produced using our Suitable To Hone Drawn Over Mandrel (DOM)  and Cold Drawn Seamless CDS. This tubing is ready to use for hydraulic cylinder applications without further ID processing. The honing process involves using abrasive polishing stones and abrasive paper to remove small amounts of material, to produce extremely precise ID dimensions and improved finishes. Made from 1026 or ST52.3 Drawn over mandrel and cold drawn seamless tubing. Seamless cylinder tubes (HP tubes) manufactured from seamless precision steel tubes through honing or rollerburnishing in accordance with EN 10305-1 (DIN 2391) Steel grade · E355+SR (St 52 BK+S)

Dimensions · OD 35 – 280 mm ID 25 – 250 mm Wall Thickness 5 – 20 mm wall Tolerances · DIN 2391 OD Tolerance size – Standard - H8 ID Low wall thicknesses, in part H9 –H11 Max. +/-10% eccentricity