Material de Tss y Nomina Ultima Revision

 

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QNJJ@W TCGW@ HCOBHN R JN Q@TCW@WBN A@ JN T@LPWBANA TCDBNJ

Dcht`hbac Q`oîtbdc5   Jn Hôobhn, su dcopcsbdbôh y `strudturn  

Qbpcs a` Hcobhns

 

Qbpcs a` Bhlr`scs

 

A`auddbch`s Naobtbans

 

Dnjdujc a` BTW ` Bhfct`p Dnjdujc a` mcrns `xtrns

 

Jn QTT QTT y `j Tubr pjus

 

Hcv`ana`s pr`s`htndbôh y pnlc n jn QTT

 

BW-1 , BW->4 y jns r`dtbfbdntbvns

 

Hcrons L`h`rnj`s y Npjbdndbôh a` jn J`y =

 

ALQ7-ALQ4-ALQ1-ALQ0 y ALQ>> Obhbst`rbc a` Qrngnec (TBWJN) >

 

Hcobhn- sus Dcopch`ht`s y @strudturn5 Jn hôobhn `s `j acduo`htc c r`jndbôh a` pnlc qu` s` `htr`ln o`hsunjo`ht` n tcacs jcs trngnenacr`s `h `j qu` npnr`d` `j a`tnjj` a`j snjnrbc qu` r`dbg`, euhtc dch jns a`auddbch`s qu` s` j` prndtbdnh n abdmc snjnrbc, gb`h s`n pcr a`sdu`htcs cgjblntcrbcs onrdnacs pcr jn j`lbsjndbôh vbl`ht` dcoc `j BTW, jn T`lurbana Tcdbnj, c pcr ctrc tbpc a` a`sdu`htcs dcouh`s dcoc nhtbdbpcs c nvnhd`s n su`jac, a`sdu`htcs a` s`lurcs oâabdcs dcopj`o`htnrbcs, `td. @h ctrc s`htbac s` pu`a` a`dbr qu` `s uhn m`rrnob`htn naobhbstrntbvn a` jn dchtngbjbana acha` jn `opr`sn r`dcl` jcs r`lbstrcs fbhnhdb`rcs a` sus `opj`nacs . [rcvb`h` a`j jntïh hcoįhn,

pjurnj a` hco`h, hcoįhbs, qu` sblhbfbdn ”hcogr`‒. @h `jjn s` `hdu`htrnh a`tnjjnans

jns nsblhndbch`s, a`auddbch`s y r`t`hdbch`s a` dnrîdt`r j`lnj y dchtrndtunj qu` p`rdbg` `j trngnenacr y qu` dcrr`spcha`h n uh p`rbcac a` tb`opc a`t`robhnac. Dcoc tnj, uhn hôobhn `s uh acduo`htc a` hnturnj`zn dchtngj` dchtngj` dch vnjba`z j`lnj. j`lnj. @s uhn

fndturn a` pnlc, pcr jc tnhtc, `h `jjn s` a`g` r`fj`enr `j snjnrbc gns` a`j `opj`nac, scgr` `j dunj s` mnrîh jns a`auddbch`s c r`t`hdbch`s a` rblcr. N `stn dnhtbana s` j` suonrîh jcs dcopj`o`htcs snjnrbnj`s, qu` pcarîh s`r pcr nhtblú`ana, rnhlc, fcrondbôh, rb`lcs jngcrnj`s, mcrns `xtrns, gchbfbdndbch`s pcr cge`tbvcs, `htr` ctrcs. Jn suontcrbn tctnj a` `stcs ït`os anrî dcoc r`sujtnac `j su`jac grutc a`j trngnenacr, `xd`ptc jcs qu` hc `stâh dcht`opjnacs dcoc tnj j`lnjo`ht`. Vnj` jn p`hn ndjnrnr c r`dcranr jn nav`rt`hdbn nav`rt`hdbn dubanac dch jcs rugrcs qu` pnlnocs pnlnocs vïn hôobhn, s` pu`a`h dchv`rtbr `h pnrt` a`j snjnrbc a`j trngnenacr. @j fcrontc `stîhanr a` uhn hôobhn `stî r`lujnac pcr jn j`lbsjndbôh vbl`ht` y s` onrdn uhn `strudturn y dcht`hbac oïhboc qu` s` a`g` r`sp`tnr `h tcac dnsc. @st` dcht`hbac a` jn hôobhn a`g` bhdjubr nj o`hcs5   Antcs ba`htbfbdntbvcs a` jn `opr`sn dcoc abr`ddbôh, t`jâfchc

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  Qbpcs a` hôobhn.

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  F`dmn a` jn hôobhn.

y WHD.

7

 

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  [`rbcac a` jbqubandbôh jbqubandbôh c a` njdnhd` njdnhd` nj qu` dcrr`spcha` dcrr`spcha` abdmn abdmn hôobhn.

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  Antcs gîsbdcs a`j trngnenacr, trngnenacr, hcogr`, tbpc tbpc a` dchtrntc, dnt`lcrïn dnt`lcrïn c dôablc, d`aujn, d`aujn, `td.

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  Ochtc a`j snjnrbc snjnrbc y a`tnjj` a` jcs ctrcs bhlr`scs bhlr`scs qu` dcopch`h jn r`trbgudbôh r`trbgudbôh grutn tctnj tctnj a`j trngnenacr.

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  A`tn A`tnjj` jj` a` jns a`auddbch`s a`auddbch`s qu` s` j` prndtbdnh prndtbdnh nj snjnr snjnrbc bc grutc, gb`h gb`h onrdnans onrdnans pcr jn j`lbsjndbôh vbl`ht`, gb`h pcr ctrc tbpc a` a`auddbch`s qu` mnyn qu` npjbdnrj` n jn hôobhn, dcoc nhtbdbpcs c, `ognrlcs `h jn hôobhn.

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  Qctnj n p`rdbgbr p`rdbgbr `h `j p`rbcac p`rbcac `stbpujnac. `stbpujnac.

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  Hcogr` a` qub`h qub`h `jngcrn jn jn hôobhn y qub`h jn r`vbsn. r`vbsn.

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  Hc cjvba`ocs qu` jn jn dcobsbôh `s uhn fcron a` snjnrbc snjnrbc y pcr tnhtc lczn lczn a` jns obsons  pr`rrclntbvns.

QB[CT A@ HCOBHN A`htrc a` jcs tbpcs a` hôobhn t`h`ocs. T`lõh `j tbpc a` dchtrntc y dchd`ptc a` pnlc5   Hôobhn a` a` p`rschnj p`rschnj Fbec    Hôobhn a` p`rschnj Q`opcr`rc    Hôobhn a` Dcobsbch`s Vnrbngj`s    Hôobhn a` W`lnjï W`lnjïnn    Hôobhn a` Gchbfbdndb Gchbfbdndbôh ôh    @htr` ctrns. 

T`lõh jn fcron a` pnlc, t`h`ocs5 n) @j` @j`dtr dtrôhb ôhbdn dn y  g) Onhunj T`lõh jn f`dmn c p`rbcac a` pnlc, t`h`ocs5 >.- Hcobhn T`onhnj 7.- Hcobhn ^ubhd`hnj 4.- Hôobhn O`hsunj 4

 

QB[C A@ BHLW@TCT C W@QWBGPDBCH@T5 Jn suon tctnj a` tcacs jcs dchd`ptcs qu` mny qu` ngchnr nj trngnenacr an crbl`h n jn

r`trbgudbôh grutn tctnj. Jn hôobhn tb`h` pcr hcron l`h`rnj p`rbcacs a` jbqubandbôh o`hsunj`s dch jns sblub`ht`s `xd`pdbch`s5

   @htrna @htrnann c snjban a`j trngnenacr trngnenacr a` jn `opr`sn, sbh qu` `stns f`dmns dcrr`spchanh dcrr`spchanh dch `j o`s hnturnj.

   Hôobhns a` pnlc `xtrncrabhnrbns (`e. [cr pnlc a` mcrns `xtrncrabhnrbns ndcranans c pcr  njlõh bhd`htbvc c g`h`fbdbc a`htrc a`j o`s, dunhac `stcs pnlcs hc sch bhdjubacs `h jn hôobhn r`lujnr). @stn a`g` `sp`dbfbdnrs` djnrno`ht` a` qu` dchsbst`.

   @h hbhlõh ctrc dnsc s` p`robt` jn dchf`ddbôh a` hôobhns `stîhanr pcr p`rbcacs bhf`rbcr`s nj o`s. [cr `e`opjc5 Hcobhn dcrr`spchab`ht` nj p`rbcac a`j < a` ngrbj nj >= a` ng ngrb rbjj a` a`jj 7;> 7;>2, 2, `t `td. d. Bo Bonlb nlbh` h`oc ocss uhn `o `opr` pr`sn sn qu qu`` r`n r`njb jbzn zn pnl pnlcs cs s`o s`onh nhnj nj`s `s c qubhd`hnj`s, `stns hcobhns a`g`h r`njbznrs` s`onhnjo`ht` c qubhd`hnjo`ht` p`rc a` onh`rn s`du`hdbnj, sbh qu` `xbstnh aïns pcr `j o`abc y nj fbhnj, abdmns hcobhns a`g`h tctnjbznr `j o`s dcopj`tc.

 Tnjnrbc Gn Gns`, qu` dcrr`spcha` nj pnlc o`hsunj oïhboc qu` s` tb`h` qu` r`njbznr pnrn uh trngnenacr a`htrc a` jn dnt`lcrïn `h jn qu` `stî dbrduhsdrbtc.

 Dco cobbsbch`s, `stns fcronh fcronh pnrt` a`j snjnrb snjnrbc. c. T` suon nj snjnrbc snjnrbc y n jns vndndb vndndbch`s ch`s nhunj`s y jns tr`s dchfcronh `j snjnrbc dctbzngj` pnrn jn T`lurbana Tcdbnj.

 Jn Jnss Mcrn Mcrnss @xtr @xtrns ns,, s` pnlnh dchfcro` nj tb`opc nabdbchnj n jns 11 mcrns jngcrnans s`onhnjo`ht` s`onhnj o`ht` y s`lõh `j mcrnrbc mcrnrbc `stngj`dbac. `stngj`dbac. Jns mcrns hcdturhns hcdturhns s` pnlnh nj >0% nabdbchnj nabdb chnj nj vnjcr pcr s`r `xtrncrabhnrbn `xtrncrabhnrbn.. @stc `s sb ust`a jngcrn oîs a` 11 mcrns n jn s`onhn y `stns mcrns sch hcdturhns, s` j`s pnlnrn pcr jns obsons `j 40% oîs `j >0%  pcr dnan uhn a` `sns mcrns. mcr ns.

1

 

   Qnogbâh s` tcon `h du`htn jn tnhan c ecrhnan a` trngnec5    

ECWHNAN JNGCWNJ5 Aburhn (a` 0%, sb`hac uh tctnj 0;%. Tb uhc a` `scs aïns fu`rn f`rbnac y j` tcdns` trngnenrjc, `htchd`s `stnrïnocs pnlîhacs`jc nj >;;%, jns mcrns aburhns y nj >>0% jns hcdturhns. [nrn `jjc, mnrïnocs `j sblub`ht` dîjdujc5 Tnjnrbc o`hsunj/74.=4 ? snjnrbc abnrbc /= ? Tnjnrbc pcr Mcrn oujtbpjbdnac x `j vnjcr 40%, >0% c >;;%, s`lõh npjbqu` npjbqu` y n jc qu` hcs aâ j` suonocs hu`vno`ht` hu`vno`ht` `j snjnrbc snjnrbc pcr mcrn r`sujtnht` a` jn cp`rndbôh nht`rbcr, `st` vnjcr oujtbpjbdnac pcr jn dnhtbana a` mcrns `xtrns hcs an `j vnjcr n pnlnr. Jcs bhd`htbvc, pu`a`h fcronr pnrt` a` jn hôobhn, sbh `ognrlc, qu` hc s` pu`a`h o`zdjnr  dch jn dcobsbôh, pu`s jcs prbo`rcs hc sch dctbzngj`s pnrn TT y jcs õjtbocs sb.

   Ctrns r`ouh`r r`ouh`rndbch`s ndbch`s c dcopj` dcopj`o`htnr o`htnrbns9 bns9 sch dnhtb dnhtbana`s ana`s nabdbchnj`s nabdbchnj`s qu` dcopj`o`htnh `j sbst`on a` dcop`hsndbôh a` jcs trngnenacr`s, p`rc qu` pcr jc l`h`rnj sch utbjbznacs pnrn fbh`s a` r`njbznr `j trngnec y/c sch prcpbns a` jn `e`dudbôh a` uhn a`t`robhnan jngcr `h `j pu`stc, jns obsons sch dchsba`rnan dcoc lnstcs a` `opj`nacs y s` r`l r`lbst bstrnh rnh `h `j fcrou fcroujnr jnrbc bc BW->< pnr pnrnn tnj`s fbh fbh`s. `s. Ph `e`opjc `e`opjc a` `jjns `jjns `s jn nsblhndbôh a` dcogustbgj` c a` njqubj`r a` v`mïdujc, lnstcs a` njou`rzc, vbîtbdcs, `td. Ph pcdc oîs ngnec s` vu`jv`h n o`hdbchnr jns r`trbgudbch`s dcopj`o`htnrbns.

0

 

 A@T A@TDP@ DP@HQC HQCT T @H JN HÔO HÔOBHN BHN55 Qnj y dcoc m`ocs `xpjbdnac nht`rbcro`ht`, `h jn hôobhn pca`ocs `hdchtrnr acs tbpcs a` a`sdu`ht a`sd u`htcs cs abf abf`r` `r`ht` ht`s, s, jcs a`sd a`sdu`h u`htcs tcs p`ro p`robtb btbacs acs pcr jn j`y (cgj (cgjbln blntcr tcrbcs) bcs) c gb` gb`hh jcs a`sdu`htcs a`sdu`ht cs qu` s` a`gnh npjbd npjbdnr nr pcr dunjqu dunjqub`r b`r ctrc tbpc a` hcrontbvns c pcjït pcjïtbdn bdn `opr`snrbnj. T`lõh `j Nrt. 7;> a`j Dôablc Jngcrnj, a`htrc a` jns a`auddbch`s j`lnj`s t`h`ocs n) `j BTW,  g) jn T`lurbana Tcdbnj, d) jns ductns a` dccp`rntbvns y a) jcs nvnhd`s a` su`jac, `) jcs  prâstnocs c drâabtcs fbhnhdb`rcs, acha` jn `opr`sn mn r`sujtnac lnrnhtbstn, y f) jcs  prâstnocs a`j gnhdc a` jcs trngnenacr`s. A`htrc a` `stns tnogbâh t`h`ocs jns ductns a`rbvnans a` jcs ndr``acr`s njbo`htnrbcs a`j trngnenacr (p`hsbôh njbo`htbdbn). @j Nrt. 7;;

a`j Dôablc Jngcrnj mnd` o`hdbôh qu` `j `opj`nacr pu`a` r`t`h`rj` mnstn jn 4rn. [nrt` a`j snjnrbc lnhnac pcr `j trngnenacr pcr `st` dchd`ptc, sb`opr` qu` `xbstn uhn abspcsbdbôh `xpr`sn. @j Dôablc Dbvbj `h su Nrt. 1;  `stngj`d` qu` sch ndr``acr`s njbo`htnrbcs sus  pnar`s y nsd`hab`ht`s (sus ( sus ngu`jcs), sus mbecs, hb`tcs, su`lrcs, y`rhcs y hu`rns. Qnogbâh `stîh jcs nhtbdbpcs c nvnhd`s n su`jac y jcs prâstnocs gnhdnrbcs `h jcs qu` jn `opr`sn r`sujtn r`sujtn lnrnht`. lnrnht`. Nht`s `rnh `rnh hc dchsba`rnans dchsba`rnans j`lnj`s, j`lnj`s, mcy mcy `h aïn sï. sï. Tbh `ognrlc, `ognrlc, jcs gnhdcs a`g`h prcdurnr qu` jcs trngnenacr`s fbro`h ndu`racs nutcrbznhac `j obsoc y `j vnjcr n a`sdchtnr hc pcarî `xd`a`r a` jn 6tn. [nrt` a`j snjnrbc o`hsunj a`j trngnenacr). Jcs a`sdu`htcs c a`auddbch`s hc naobtbans c hc j`lnj`s sch nqu`jjns qu` r`qub`r`h nutcrbzndbôh `xpr`sn a`j trngnenacr pnrn pca`r r`njbznrs` n su snjnrbc, a`htrc a` `stns `stîh5 jns ductns ductns sbh sbhabd abdnj` nj`s, s, jns a`auddbc a`auddbch`s h`s pnrn s`lu s`lurcs rcs a` snj snjua ua dco dcopj` pj`o`ht o`htnrb nrbcs. cs. @st @stns ns a`auddbch`s sb`opr` a`g`h `stnr nutcrbznans, yn s`n pcr `xpr`sn abspcsbdbôh a` jn j`y pcr  onha on hano nob` b`ht htcc a` uh Eu Eu`z `z dc dcop op`t `t`ht `ht`` c pcr nu nutc tcrb rbzn zndb dbôh ôh `sd `sdrb rbtn tn a` a`jj tr trng ngne nenac nacr. r.

@s

bopcrtnht` ndjnrnr qu` dunjqub`r a`sdu`htc `s p`robsbgj` sb`opr` y dunhac `j trngnenacr jc nutcrbd` (`st` a` ndu`rac dch `j obsoc).

@J BHFCQ@[5 @j BHFCQ@[, crlnhbsoc r`dtcr a`j sbst`on hndbchnj a` fcrondbôh tâdhbdc prcf`sbchnj a` W`põgjbdn Acobhbdnhn, `s uhn crlnhbzndbôh nutôhcon a`j @stnac, bhv`stban a` 6

 

 p`rschnjbana eurïabdn, a` dnrîdt`r hc judrntbvc y pntrbochbc prcpbc, dr`nan pcr jn J`y >>6, >>6, a`j >6 a` `h`rc a` >2=;, y r`lujnan pcr `j W`ljno`htc >=21, >=21, a`j >> a` nlcstc a`j obsoc nþc. @s abrblbac pcr uhn euhtn a` abr`dtcr`s, a` `strudturn trbpnrtbtn, bht`lrnan pcr jcs s`dtcr`s cfbdbnj, `opr`snrbnj y jngcrnj, y naobhbstrnac pcr uhn abr`ddbôh l`h`rnj. Dnjdujc y fcron a` pnlc, @j r`dnuac s` r`njbzn n trnvâs a`j TPBW y s` pnln `j >% a`j vnjcr  a`j su`jac grutc, oîs jn dcobsbôh y jns vndndbch`s, sb `xbst`h a` dnan p`rschn y `stî n dnrlc a`j `opj`nacr. @stîh lrnvnacs dch `st` bopu`stc na`oîs a`j snjnrbc, snjnrbc, dcobsbôh vndndbch`s, `j bopcrt` bopcrt` a` gchbfbdnd gchbfbdndbôh bôh a` jcs `op `opj`n j`nacs acs dch uh ;.0 ;.0%. %. @j pnlc s` r`n r`njbz jbznn jcs ab`z  prbo`rcs aïns a` dnan d nan o`s y `j pnlc a` `st` õjtboc õ jtboc dcrr`spcha` dcrr`s pcha` nj trngnenacr, `j `opj`nacr  s` jc a`sdu`htn c r`tb`h` y jc pnln nj Bhfct`p aurnht` jcs prbo`rcs >; aïns a`j o`s sblub`ht`.

Cge`tbvcs >. Crlnhb Crlnhbznr znr y r`lbr `j sbst`on hndbchnj hndbchnj a` fcrondbôh fcrondbôh tâdhbdc tâdhbdc prcf`sbchnj prcf`sbchnj qu`, dch `j `sfu`rzc dcheuhtc a`j @stnac, a` jcs trngnenacr`s y a` jcs `opj`nacr`s, `hfcqu` `j  pj`hc a`snrrcjjc a`s nrrcjjc a` a ` jcs r`durscs muonhcs y `j bhdr`o`htc a` jn prcaudtbvbana prca udtbvbana a` jns `opr`sns, `h tcacs jcs s`dtcr`s a` jn ndtbvbana `dchôobdn. 7. Bopuj Bopujsnr snr jn prcocdbôh prcocdbôh scdbnj a`j trngnenac trngnenacr, r, n trnvâs a` su fcrondbôh fcrondbôh bht`lrnj, bht`lrnj, pnrn mnd`r a` âj uh dbuananhc r`spchsngj`, pcs``acr a` jcs vnjcr`s ocrnj`s y dujturnj`s h`d`snrbcs pnrn jn nrochïn y jn dchvbv`hdbn hndbchnj.

@j BTW (BW-4)5   @j BW-4 `s `j r`suo`h c jbqubandbôh o`hsunj qu` s` mnd` n tcacs jcs trngnenacr`s nsnjnrbnacs a` uhn `opr`sn. T` pnln `h jcs obsocs gnhdcs qu` s` mnd` `j pnlc a` jn Q`scr`rïn a` jn T`lurbana Tcdbnj (QTT) `h jcs ab`z (>;) prbo`rcs aïns a` dnan o`s. @s `j bopu`stc qu` lrnvn tcan r`htn, bhlr`sc, utbjbana c g`h`fbdbc, cgt`hbac pcr p`rschns fïsbdns, scdb`ana`s y sud`sbch`s bhabvbsns, `h uh p`rïcac fbsdnj a`t`robhnac. Tu Gns` J`lnj5 Qïtujc BB J`y >>-27 a/f >6/;0/>227 y sus ocabfbdndbch`s.

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 W`t`hdbch`s a`j BTW5 Tch a`auddbch`s `f`dtunans pcr jcs nl`ht`s a` r`t`hdbôh n jcs pnlcs a` snjnrbcs, su`jacs y ctrcs bhlr`scs `h uhn dnhtbana a`t`robhnan pcr j`y`s, r`ljno`htcs c jns hcrons trbgutnrbns.

CQWNT W@Q@HDBCH@T y W@QWBGPDBCH@T DCO[J@O@HQNWBNT (BW->;% r`f`r`ht` n abdmns r`t`hdbch`s, `s a`dbr, qu` jn r`t`hdbôh h`tn c r`nj s`rî a` uh 7% scgr` `j vnjcr pnlnac. @e`opjc5 [nlcs pnrn dugrbr s`rvbdbcs a` trnhspcrt` a` dnrln y pnsne`rcs.

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[nlcs [nl cs pcr s`rv s`rvbdb bdbcs cs hc p`rs p`rschn chnj`s j`s dch dchtrn trntna tnacs cs (fuo (fuobln blndbô dbôh, h, jbo jbopb`z pb`zn, n, r`p r`pnrnd nrndbch bch`s `s

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`jâdtrbdns y/c o`dîhbdns, trngnecs a` njgnþbj`rïn, dnrpbht`rïn y pjco`rïn) [nlcs n dchtrntbstns, bhl`hb`rcs, on`strcs dchstrudtcr`s y nfbh`s.



@stîh `x`htcs jcs vnjcr`s pnlnacs pcr trnsjnacs y vbîtbdcs a` jcs trngnenacr`s. N trnvâs a` jn Cfbdbhn Vbrtunj dcopj`tnr `j fcroujnrbc BW->< (A`djnrndbôh Eurnan y/c [nlc a` Ctrns W`t`hdbch`s y W`trbgudbch`s Dcopj`o`htnrbns) dch jns bhfcrondbch`s a` jns r`t`hdbch`s a`j p`rïcac.

³^PÂ @T @J BO[P@TQC TPTQBQPQBVC TCGW@ W@QWBGPDBCH@T DCO[J@O@HQNWBNT3 @s `j bopu`stc qu` lrnvn jn `htr`ln a` uh gb`h, s`rvbdbc c g`h`fbdbc `h `sp`db`, `s a`dbr, hc och`tnrbc, prcpcrdbchnac pcr uh `opj`nacr n uhn p`rschn fïsbdn, `h nabdbôh n jn r`trbgudbôh `h abh`rc c snjnrbc, qu` r`dbg` pcr su trngnec `h r`jndbôh a` a`p`ha`hdbn. ³ T` dchsba`rnh r`trbgudbch`s dcopj`o`htnrbns `j suobhbstrc a` jcs gb`h`s, s`rvbdbcs c  g`h`fbdbcs sblub`ht`s, sbh qu` `stn `huhdbndbôh s`n jbobtntbvn5 • Vbvb`hans • V`mïdujcs • [`rschnj acoâstbdc • A`sdu`htcs `sp`dbnj`s `h v`htns a` gb`h`s • [nlc a` lnstcs `audntbvcs • [rbons a` s`lurcs • @htr` ctrcs. =

 

³^PÂ LWNVN @TQ@ BO[P@TQC3 Dunjqub`r gb`h, s`rvbdbc c g`h`fbdbc `h `sp`db`, prcpcrdbchnac pcr uh `opj`nacr n uh `opj`nac, p`rc sôjc sb abdmc gb`h, s`rvbdbc c g`h`fbdbc dchtb`h` uh `j`o`htc p`rschnj bhabvbaunjbzngj`.

³^PBÂH@T [NLNH JNT W@QWBGPDBCH@T DCO[J@O@HQNWBNT3 • Jns `opr`sns põgjbdns • Jns `opr`sns prbvnans • Jns [`rschns Fïsbdns (sb`opr` qu` t`hlnh dnrîdt`r a` `opj`nacr) Hctn5 [nrn jns `opr`sns c `htbana`s `x`htns a`j pnlc a`j Bopu`stc Tcgr` jn W`htn, jns r`trbgudbch`s dcopj`o`htnrbns pnlnans n su p`rschnj fcronrîh pnrt` a`j snjnrbc tctnj a`j `opj`nac c fuhdbchnrbc y `stnrîh sue`tns n jn r`t`hdbôh n jn r`t`hdbôh prcv`hb`ht` a` su r`jndbôh a` a`p`ha`hdbn.

³DPÎJ @T JN QNTN N [NLNW3 Jn tnsn npjbdngj` `s a` uh 7;

 

Jn gns` pnrn `j dîjdujc s`rî blunj n jn a`fbhban pnrn v`mïdujc prcpb`ana a`j `opj`nacr. • [rcpb`ana a`j `opj`nac Lnstcs bhdurrbacs pcr `j `opj`nacr. @h jcs dnscs a` `opj`nacs qu` r`dbgnh g`h`fbdbcs a`j `opj`nacr pcr `j usc a` su prcpbc v`mïdujc, s` pr`suobrî dcoc r`trbgudbôh dcopj`o`htnrbn (usc p`rschnj)5 7;% `opj`nac duyc trngnec mngbtunj `s a` cfbdbhn >;% `opj`nac duyc trngnec mngbtunj hc `s a` cfbdbhn.

Hctn5  Dunhac s` nsblh` oîs a` uh v`mïdujc prcpb`ana a` jn `opr`sn n fuhdbchnrbcs y `e`dutbvcs a` âstn, scjc `j v`mïdujc o`hcs dcstcsc `stnrî sue`tc n jn prcpcrdbchnjbana pnrn a`t`ro a`t `robhn bhnrr `j usc p`rschn p`rschnj. j. Jcs a`oîs a`oîs v`mï v`mïduj dujcs cs s` dchsba` dchsba`rnrî rnrîhh tctnjo tctnjo`ht `ht`` a` usc  p`rschnj.

[rcp [rcpcr crdb dbôh ôh W`trbgudbôh

dc dchs hsba ba`r `rna nann V`mïdu V`mïdujc jc prcpb prcpb`ana `ana V`mïdujc

prcpb`ana

a`j

a` jn dcopnþïn c `opj`nac

Dcop Dc opj` j`o` o`htn htnrb rbnn pnr pnrnn jc jcss njqubjnan v`mïdujcs [nrn `op `opj`n j`nac ac duy duycc trn trngne gnecc 1;% mngbtunj `s a` cfbdbhn [nrn `op `opj`n j`nac ac duy duycc trn trngne gnecc 7;% mngbtunj hc `s a` cfbdbhn

7;% >;%

D) W@QWBGPDBCH@T CQWCT T@WVBDBCT5 Jcs g`h`fbdbcs ctcrlnacs pcr `j `opj`nacr n su p`rschnj y/c sus a`p`hab`ht`s `h jn fcron a` lnstcs njbo`htbdbcs, lnstcs a` `audndbôh (`h dunhtc hc s` trnt` a` prclrnons a` dnpndbtndbôh abr`dtno`ht` vbhdujnacs nj `e`rdbdbc a` jns fuhdbch`s bhm`r`ht`s nj fuhdbchnrbc c `opj`nac), prbons a` s`lurc p`rschnj a` vban, snjua y ctrcs dchd`ptcs sbobjnr`s. Jn gns` pnrn `j dîjdujc a`j Bopu`stc Tustbtutbvc scgr` W`trbg W`t rbgudb udbch`s ch`s Dco Dcopj` pj`o`ht o`htnrb nrbns, ns, s`r s`rîî jn suo suonn a` tca tcacs cs jcs lnstcs lnstcs boputn boputnacs acs pcr jcs dchd`ptcs o`hdbchnacs `h `j pîrrnfc nht`rbcr.

³DPÎHAC R AÔHA@ T@ [NLN3

>>

 

Jns bhfcrondbch`s r`jntbvns n jcs pnlcs pcr dchd`ptc a` W`trbgudbch`s Dcopj`o`htnrbns mnh a` s`r r`obtbans n trnvâs a` jn Cfbdbhn Vbrtunj a` jn ALBB www.albb.lcv.ac/cfv, o`abnht` ‚Fcroujnrbc Ctrns W`t`hdbch`s y W`trbgudbch`s Dcopj`o`htnrbns‟ (Fcro. BW>;) a` dnan o`s, dcheuhtno`ht` dch jns r`t`hdbch`s a`j o`s. [nrn r`njbznr `j pnlc, jcs dchtrbguy`ht`s tb`h`h tr`s cpdbch`s5 Vïn Qrnhsf`r`hdbn @j`dtrôhbdn (Bht`rh`t Gnhibhl)5 GAB, GMA-J`ôh, [cpujnr, [rclr`sc, W`s`rvns, Dbtblrcup, Jôp`z a` Mnrc, Tnhtn Druz, [rcoârbdn, Tdctbngnhi, Jnfbs` y Gnh`sdc. Vïn V`htnhbjjn5 GAB, GMAJ`ôh, [rclr`sc, W`s`rvns, Jôp`z a` Mnrc, Tnhtn Druz, Tdctbngnhi, Vbo`hdn, Na`ob, @opbr`, [rcoârbdn, Nscdbndbôh Dbgnc a` Nmcrrcs y [râstnocs y jn Nscdbndbôh Jn Hndbchnj a` Nmcrrcs y [râstnocs.

Naobhbstrndbch`s Jcdnj`s. Dunhac `j ochtc n pnlnr sup`r` jcs qubhd` obj p`scs (WA$>0,;;;.;;), y jcs pnlcs s` r`njbd`h `h jns Naobhbstrndbch`s Jcdnj`s (cfbdbhn a` jn ALBB), a`g` mnd`rs` dch dm`qu`s d`rtbfbdnacs c a` naobhbstrndbôh n hcogr` a`j Dcj`dtcr a` Bopu`stcs Bht`rhcs. N jcs fbh`s a` jn a`t`robhndbôh a`j Bopu`stc Tustbtutbvc scgr` W`trbgudbch`s Dcopj`o`htnrbns, jcs `opj`nacr`s a`g`rîh r`lbstrnr `h uhn du`htn s`pnrnan, `j vnjcr a` tcans jns r`trbgudbch`s dcopj`o`htnrbns ctcrlnans dnan o`s. A@APDDBÔH A@ JN W@HQN GWPQN @j dchtrbguy`ht` (`opj`nacr) pcarî a`audbr a` su W`htn Grutn pnrn fbh`s a`j Bopu`stc Tcgr` jn W`htn, jcs lnstcs `f`dtunacs pcr dchd`ptc a` W`trbgudbch`s Dcopj`o`htnrbns ctcrlnans n sus `opj`nacs, sb`opr` qu` s` mnyn r`njbznac `j pnlc pcr dchd`ptc a` W`trbgudbch`s Dcopj`o`htnrbns. Gns` J`lnj5 Dôablc Qrbgutnrbc, J`y >>-27, a/f >6/;0/27, ocabfbdnan pcr jn J`y 004/>7/;0 / J`y >42->>a/f 71/;6/>> / J`y 704->7 a/f ;2/>>/>7

>7

 

@j BTW5 Jns r`t`hdbch`s n jcs nsnjnrbnacs `stîh lrnvnacs dch `j BTW, `stcs sch jcs sblub`ht`s bhlr`scs5 >. Dcobsbch`s 7. Mcrns @xtrns 4. [crdbôh a` W`lnjïn (qu` `xd`an jn aucaâdbon pnrt` a` snjnrbcs a`j nþc) 1. Tnjnrbc (sup`rbcr n jn `x`hdbôh dchtrbgutbvn) 0. Gchbfbdndbch`s 6. Vndndbch`s 4

 

Nl`ht`s a` W`t`hdbôh   Tch nl`ht`s a` r`t`hdbôh jns `htbana`s põgjbdns, dco`rdbnj`s, scdb`ana`s y ctrns, qu` pcr  onhantc a` jn J`y, a`g`rîh a`sdchtnr a`j ochtc n pnlnr n jns p`rschns fïsbdns c hnturnj`s y sud`sbch`s bhabvbsns, jn dnhtbana a`j bopu`stc dcrr`spchab`ht`, a`gb`hac `htr`lnrjc n jn naobhbstrndbôh trbgutnrbn a`htrc a`j pjnzc `stngj`dbac.   Jn f`dmn jïobt` pnrn pr`s`htndbôh y pnlc a` `st` bopu`stc `s a`htrc a` jcs ab`z (>;) aïns a`spuâs a`j db`rr` a`j p`rïcac a`djnrnac.  

³^ubâh`s `stîh `x`htcs a`j BTW3   @htr` ctrns, `stîh `x`htns jns r`htns a`j @stnac a`j Abstrbtc Hndbchnj, ouhbdbpbcs, abstrbtcs ouhbdbpnj`s, dîonrns a` dco`rdbc y prcauddbôh, bhstbtudbch`s r`jblbcsns, `htbana`s dbvbj`s a` nsbst`hdbn scdbnj, dnrbana, g`h`fbd`hdbn, d`htrcs scdbnj`s, jbt`rnrbcs, nrtïstbdcs, pcjïtbdcs, lr`obnj`s, db`htïfbdcs y nscdbndbch`s a`pcrtbvns, sb`opr` y dunhac `stns nscdbndbch`s hc  p`rsblnh fbh`s a` judrc.

Qnsn a`j bopu`stc   >µ Jns p`rschns eurïabdns acobdbjbnans `h `j pnïs pnlnrîh scgr` jn r`htn h`tn bopchbgj` a`j  p`rïcac n pnrtbr a`j 7;>0 `h na`jnht` jn tnsn s`rî a` uh 77).   7µ Jns p`rschns hnturnj`s r`sba`ht`s c acobdbjbnans `h `j pnïs pnlnrîh scgr` jn r`htn h`tn lrnvngj` a`j `e`rdbdbc fbsdnj, jns suons qu` r`sujt`h a` npjbdnr `h fcron prclr`sbvn jn sblub`ht` `sdnjn dcrr`spchab`ht` n5

@sdnjn r`t`hdbôh nsnjnrbnacs 7;>2   @sdnjn Nhunj

Qnsn >1

 

W`htns mnstn WA$

  41,6=0.;; 1>6,77;.;>

@x`htc

W`htns a`sa` WA$1>6,77;.;> mnstn WA$671,472.;;

>0% a`j `xd`a`ht` a` WA$1>6,77;.;>

W`htns a`sa` WA$671,472.;> mnstn WA$=674.;;

WA$4>,7>6.;; oîs `j 7;% a`j `xd`a`ht` a` WA$671,472.;>

W`htns a`sa` WA$=674.;>

WA$45 @j BW-1 `s `j a`tnjj` a` jns r`t`hdbch`s m`dmns n dnan uhc a` jcs trngnenacr`s (BW-4), acha` s` bhabdn duîhtc s` j` a`g` a`sdchtnr pcr dchd`ptc a` Bopu`stc Tcgr` jn W`htn (BTW) n dnan trngnenacr o`hsunjo`ht`. [u`a` s`r a`sdnrlnac a`sa` `j Tbst`on Õhbdc a` Bhfcrondbôh y W`dnuac (TPBW) pcr uh r`pr`s`htnht` nutcrbznac a` jn jn `opr`sn. @s o`hsunj.

@j BW->4 `s uhn a`djnrndbôh eurnan nhunj scgr` jn r`t`hdbôh r`njbznan a`j Bopu`stc scgr` jn W`htn (BTW) n jcs nsnjnrbnacs. @stn a`djnrndbôh s` `e`dutn `h jn Abr`ddbôh L`h`rnj a` Bopu`stcs Bht`rhcs (ALBB), y sb s` r`qub`r` r`dtbfbdndbôh, s` mnd` n trnvâs a`j Tbst`on Õhbdc a` Bhfcrondbôh y W`dnuac (TPBW) a` jn Q`scr`rïn a` jn T`lurbana Tcdbnj (QTT). @s jn suontcrbn a` tcacs jcs BW-1 a`j nþc. Hctn5 Mcy s` r`njbzn n trnvâs a` jn pîlbhn a` n ALBB. @s nhunj (dcrr`spcha` nj nduoujntbvc a` tcacs jcs BW-1 a`j nþc).

JN GCHBFBDNDBÔH GCHBFBDND BÔH [CW JCT G@H@FBDBCT A@ JN @O[W@TN (NWQ.774(NWQ .774-777 x O`s`s trngnen trngnenacs acs x Tnjnrbc Tnjnrbc pcr Aïn. Aïn.  g. A` > n 4 nþcs5 `qubvnj`ht` n hc oîs a` 10 aïns a` snjnrbc crabhnrbc. d. Oîs a` 4 nþcs5 nþcs5 `qubvnj` `qubvnj`ht` ht` n hc oîs oîs a` 6; aïns aïns a` snjnrbc snjnrbc crabhnrbc. crabhnrbc.

Jn J`y a` jn T`lurbana Tcdbnj (TT)5 J`y = a` T`lurbana Tcdbnj. @j nrtïdujc = a` jn Dchstbtudbôh a` jn W`põgjbdn `stngj`d` qu` "`j @stnac `stboujnrî `j a`snrrcjjc prclr`sbvc a` jn s`lurbana scdbnj, a` onh`rn qu` tcan p`rschn jj`lu` n lcznr a` na`dunan prct`ddbôh dchtrn jn a`scdupndbôh, jn `hf`ro`ana, jn bhdnpndbana y jn v`e`z"9 @stn j`y s` bopj`o`htn tconhac `h du`htn qu` jns trnhsfcrondbch`s `dchôobdns, scdbnj`s y  pcjïtbdns a` jns õjtbons aâdnans a`onhanh jn dr`ndbôh a` uh sbst`on acobhbdnhc a` s`lurbana scdbnj qu` dchtrbguyn, `h fcron `f`dtbvn, nj o`ecrnob`htc a` jn dnjbana a` vban, n >6

 

jn r`auddbôh a` jn pcgr`zn y jns a`sblunjana`s scdbnj`s9 n jn prct`ddbôh a` jcs a`snopnrnacs y absdnpndbtnacs, nsï dcoc n `j`vnr jn dnpndbana a` nmcrrc hndbchnj ` bhabvbaunj y n jn scst`hbgbjbana a`j a`snrrcjjc `dchôobdc y scdbnj, qu` `rn bopcst`rlngj` actnr nj pnïs a` uh sbst`on a` prct`ddbôh a` dnrîdt`r põgjbdc y dcht`hbac scdbnj, cgjblntcrbc, scjbanrbc, pjurnj, bht`lrnac, fuhdbchnj y scst`hbgj`, qu` cfr`zdn cpdbch`s n jn pcgjndbôh, qu` r`nfbro` sus  pr`rrclntbvns dchstbtudbchnj`s, tnhtc dcj`dtbvns dcoc bhabvbaunj`s, y nj obsoc tb`opc, qu` r`dchczdn, nrtbduj`, hcronjbd` y sup`rvbs` jns abv`rsns bhstbtudbch`s põgjbdns y `htbana`s  prbvnans a`j s`dtcr, `jbobhnhac jns `xdjusbch`s, aupjbdbana`s, abstcrsbch`s y absdrbobhndbch`s9 y DCHTBA@WNHAC na`oîs, qu` jn T`lurbana Tcdbnj `s pnrt` a` jn pcjïtbdn scdbnj a` jcs `stnacs oca`rhcs, jn dunj dchtrbguïn n jn prct`ddbôh bht`lrnj y uhbv`rsnj `h gusdn a` fcrtnj`d`r `j rcj a` jcs r`durscs muonhcs dcoc jn prbhdbpnj rbqu`zn a` jn hndbôh y jn o`ecr  `strnt`lbn pnrn `hfr`htnr dch âxbtc jcs r`tcs a` jn np`rturn bht`rhndbchnj `h qu` s` `hdu`htrn bho`rsc hu`strc pnïs. @stn bopcrtnht` j`y vb`h` n bhmngbjbtnr jns sblub`ht`s j`y`s5 • Jn J`y >76, a`j >; a` onyc a` >2, scgr` T`lurcs [rbvnacs.  • J`y Hc.11, a`j 7; a` cdtugr` a` >2`rc. a` jn j`y Hc.=7, a` f`dmn 77 a` abdb`ogr` a` >2669 • J`y Hc.>=26, a`j 4; a` abdb`ogr` a` >21=, scgr` T`lurcs Tcdbnj`s9 • J`y Hc.01=> a` f`gr`rc a` >26>, qu` ocabfbdn `j dnpïtujc >; (snhdbch`s) nrtïdujc =4 a` jn j`y Hc.>=26, scgr` T`lurcs Tcdbnj`s9 • J`y Hc.0122, a`j 4 a` onrzc a` >26>, qu` ocabfbdn jcs nrtïdujcs 72 y 1> a` jn j`y  Hc.>=26, scgr` scgr ` T`lurcs Tcdbnj`s9 • J`y Hc.6;1;, a`j >= a` s`ptb`ogr` a` >267, qu` ocabfbdn jcs nrtïdujcs 74 y 71 a`j dnpïtujc BBB, a` jn j`y Hc.>=26, scgr` T`lurcs Tcdbnj`s9

><

 

• J`y Hc.6;0>, a`j 70 a` s`ptb`ogr` a` >267, qu` ocabfbdn `j nrtïdujc 02 a` jn j`y  Hc.>=26, scgr` scgr ` T`lurcs Tcdbnj`s9 • J`y Hc.4=0, a` >> a` hcvb`ogr` a` >247, qu` ocab ocabfbdn fbdn jn j`y Hc.407, scgr` Nddba`ht`s a`j Qrngnec, a`j >< a` euhbc a` >2479 • J`y 06;>, aa`> `> >< a` nlcst nlcstcc a` >26>, qu qu`` ocabfb ocabfbdn dn jn pnrt pnrt`` dnpbtnj dnpbtnj a` jcs bhdbscs bhdbscs 4 y 1 a`j nrtïdujc 7 a` jn j`y Hc.4=0, scgr` Nddba`ht`s a`j Qrngnec9 • J`y Hc.>;2, Hc.>;2, a`j 4 a` `h`rc a` >261, qu` r`lujn jn r`njbzndbô r`njbzndbôhh a` jns cp`rndbch`s cp`rndbch`s a` s`lurc dchtrn nddba`ht`s a`j trngnec `h `j pnïs9 • J`y Hc.2; Hc.2; a` hcvb`ogr` a` >247, scgr` Nddba`ht`s a`j Qrngnec9 • J`y Hc.4> a` abdb`ogr` a` >2=>, scgr` [`hsbch`s y Eugbjndbch`s Dbvbj`s a`j @stnac9 • @j r`ljno`htc 0066 a`j 6 a` `h`rc a` >212, scgr` T`lurcs Tcdbnj`s9 • A`dr`t A`dr`tcc 00< a`j >2 a` cdtug cdtugr` r` a` >24 >247, 7, pnrn jn npjbd npjbdndb ndbôh ôh a`j r`ljno`h r`ljno`htc tc a` jn j`y  Hc.407 scgr` Nddba`ht`s a`j Qrngnec y a` jns j`y`s qu` jn ocabfbdnh9 y • A`dr`tc >=;0, a` 70 a` onrzc a` >211, qu` npru`gn jn tnrbfn a` prbons a` jns dcopnþïns a` s`lurcs dchtrn nddba`ht`s a` trngnec.

CGE@QC A@ JN J@R5 Jn pr`s`ht` j`y tb`h` pcr cge`tc `stngj`d`r `j Tbst`on Acobhbdnhc a` T`lurbana Tcdbnj (TATT) `h `j onrdc a` jn Dchstbtudbôh a` jn W`põgjbdn Acobhbdnhn, pnrn r`lujnrjn y a`snrr a`s nrrcj cjjn jnrr jcs jcs a` a`r`d r`dmc mcss y a` a`g` g`r`s r`s r` r`dï dïprc prcdcs dcs a`j @s @stn tnac ac y a` jc jcss db dbuan uanan anhc hcss `h jc dchd`rhb`ht` nj fbhnhdbnob`htc pnrn jn prct`ddbôh a` jn pcgjndbôh dchtrn jcs rb`slcs a` v`e`z, absdnpndbana, d`snhtïn pcr `ana nvnhznan, scgr`vbv`hdbn, `hf`ro`ana, ont`rhbana, bhfnhdbn y rb`slcs jngcrnj`s. @j Tbst`on Acobhbdnhc a` T`lurbana Tcdbnj (TATT) >=

 

dcopr`ha` n tcans jns bhstbtudbch`s põgjbdns, prbvnans y obxtns qu` r`njbznh ndtbvbana`s  prbhdbpnj`s c dcopj`o`htnrbns a` s`lurbana scdbnj, n jcs r`durscs fïsbdcs y muonhcs, nsï dcoc jns hcrons y prcd`abob`htcs qu` jcs rbl`h.  HCWONT W@LPJNACWNT A@J TBTQ@ON ACOBHBDNHC A@ T@LPWBANA TCDBNJ5 @j Tbst`on Acobhbdnhc a` T`lurbana Tcdbnj (TATT) s` rbl`5 [cr jns abspcsbdbch`s a` jn pr`s`ht` j`y9 [cr jns j`y`s vbl`ht`s qu` dr`nh fchacs a` p`hsbch`s y eugbjndbch`s, nsï dcoc s`lurcs a` snjua, `h g`h`fbdbc a` s`dtcr`s y lrupcs `sp`dïfbdcs9 [cr jns hcrons dcopj`o`htnrbns n jn pr`s`ht` j`y, jns dunj`s dcopr`ha`h5 >.- @j r`ljno`htc a`j Dchs`ec Hndbchnj a` T`lurbana Tcdbnj9 7.- @j r`ljno`htc a` jn Q`scr`rïn a` jn T`lurbana Tcdbnj9 4- @j r`ljno`htc scgr` [`hsbch`s9 1.- @j r`ljno`htc scgr` `j T`lurc Fnobjbnr a` Tnjua9 0.- @j r`ljno`htc scgr` `j T`lurc a` Wb`slcs Jngcrnj`s9 6.- @j r`ljno`htc a`j Wâlbo`h Dchtrbgutbvc Tugsbabnac9 2

 

 (TATT) s` r`lbrî pcr jcs sblub`ht`s prbhdbpbcs5 •

Phbv`rsnjbana5 @j TATT a`g`rî prct`l`r n tcacs jcs acobhbdnhcs y n jcs r`sba`ht`s `h

`j pnïs, sbh absdrbobhndbôh pcr rnzôh a` snjua, s`xc, dchabdbôh scdbnj, pcjïtbdn c `dchôobdn9 • Cgjblntcrb`ana5 Jn nfbjbndbôh, dctbzndbôh y pnrtbdbpndbôh tb`h`h uh dnrîdt`r cgjblntcrbc  pnrn tcacs jcs dbuananhcs ` bhstbtudbch`s, `h jns dchabdbch`s y hcrons qu` `stngj`d` jn  pr`s`ht` j`y9

• Bht`lrnjbana5  Qcacs jns p`rschns, sbh abstbhdbôh, t`harîh a`r`dmc n uhn prct`ddbôh sufbdb`ht` qu` j`s lnrnhtbd` `j absfrut` a` jn vban y `j `e`rdbdbc na`dunac a` sus fndujtna`s y a` su dnpndbana prcaudtbvn9 •

Phbana5 Jns pr`stndbch`s a` jn T`lurbana Tcdbnj a`g`rîh

dccrabhnrs` pnrn dchstbtubr uh tcac dcm`r`ht`, `h dcrr`spcha`hdbn dch `j hbv`j a` a`snrrcjjc hndbchnj9

•

@qubana5 @j TATT lnrnhtbznrî a` onh`rn `f`dtbvn `j ndd`sc n jcs s`rvbdbcs n tcacs jcs

 g`h`fbdbnrbcs a`j sbst`on, `sp`dbnjo`ht` n nqu`jjcs qu` vbv`h y/c jngcrnh `h zchns npnrtnans c onrlbhnans9

•

Tcjbanrbana5 Gnsnan `h uhn dchtrbgudbôh s`lõh `j hbv`j a` bhlr`sc y `h `j ndd`sc n jcs

s`rvbdbcs a` snjua y rb`slcs jngcrnj`s, sbh tconr `h du`htn `j npcrt` bhabvbaunj r`njbznac9 a` blunj fcron, dbo`htnan `h `j a`r`dmc n uhn p`hsbôh oïhbon lnrnhtbznan pcr `j @stnac `h jns dchabdbch`s `stngj`dbans pcr jn pr`s`ht` j`y9 •

Jbgr` `j`ddbôh5 Jcs nfbjbnacs t`harîh a`r`dmc n s`j`ddbchnr n dunjqub`r naobhbstrnacr y

 prcv``acr a` s`r s`rvbdbcs vbdbcs ndr`abtnac, nsï dcoc n dnogbnr dnogbnrjc jc dun dunhac hac jc dchsba`r`h dchv`hb`ht`, a` ndu`rac n jns dchabdbch`s `stngj`dbans `h jn pr`s`ht` j`y9

•

[jurnjbana5  Jcs s`rvbdbcs pcarîh s`r cf`rtnacs pcr Naobhbstrnacrns a` Wb`slcs a`

Tnjua (NWT), [rcv``acrns a` T`rvbdbcs a` Tnjua ([TT) y pcr Naobhbstrnacrns a` Fchacs a` [`hsbch`s (NF[), põgjbdns, prbvnans c obxtns, gnec jn r`dtcrïn a`j @stnac y a` ndu`rac n jcs prbhdbpbcs a` jn T`lurbana Tcdbnj y n jn pr`s`ht` j`y9

7;

 

• T`pnrndbôh a` fuhdbch`s5 Jns fuhdbch`s a` dchauddbôh, fbhnhdbnob`htc, pjnhbfbdndbôh, dnptndbôh y nsblhndbôh a` jcs r`durscs a`j TATT sch `xdjusbvns a`j @stnac y s` `e`rd`rîh dch nutchcoïn bhstbtudbchnj r`sp`dtc n jns ndtbvbana`s a` naobhbstrndbôh a` rb`slcs y  pr`stndbôh a` s`rvbdbcs9

• Fj`xbgbjbana5 N pnrtbr a` jns dcg`rturns `xpjïdbtno`ht` dcht`opjnans pcr jn pr`s`ht` j`y, jcs nfbjbnacs pcarîh cptnr n pjnh`s dcopj`o`htnrbcs a` snjua y a` p`hsbch`s, a` ndu`rac n sus pcsbgbjbana`s y h`d`sbana`s, dugrb`hac `j dcstc nabdbchnj a` jcs obsocs9 •

[nrtbdbpndbôh5 Qcacs jcs s`dtcr`s scdbnj`s ` bhstbtudbchnj`s bhvcjudrnacs `h `j TATT

tb`h`h a`r`dmc n s`r tconacs `h du`htn y n pnrtbdbpnr `h jns a`dbsbch`s qu` j`s bhduog`h9

• Lrnaunjbana5 Jn T`lurbana Tcdbnj s` a`snrrcjjn `h fcron prclr`sbvn y dchstnht` dch `j cge`tc a` nopnrnr n tcan jn pcgjndbôh, o`abnht` jn pr`stndbôh a` s`rvbdbcs a` dnjbana, cpcrtuhcs y sntbsfndtcrbcs9

• @qubjbgrbc fbhnhdb`rc5 Gnsnac `h jn dcrr`spcha`hdbn `htr` jns pr`stndbch`s lnrnhtbznans y `j ochtc a`j fbhnhdbnob`htc, n fbh a` ns`lurnr jn scst`hbgbjbana a`j Tbst`on Acobhbdnhc a` T`lurbana Tcdbnj. A@W@DMCT R A@G@W@T A@ JCT NFBJBNACT G@H@FBDBNWBCT A@J TATT5 Qb`h`h `j a`r`dmc a` s`r nsbstbacs pcr jn Abr`ddbôh a` Bhfcrondbôh y A`f`hsn a` jcs Nfbjb Nfb jbnacs nacs (AB (ABAN) AN) `h tca tcacs cs jcs s`rvbd s`rvbdbcs bcs qu` s`nh h`d`sn h`d`snrbc rbcss pnrn s`r `f`dtbv `f`dtbvnn su  prcauddbôh. @stn nsbst`hdbn bhdjuy` bhfcrondbôh scgr` sus a`r`dmcs, a`g`r`s, r`durscs ` bhstnhdbns noblngj`s y j`lnj`s, fcroujndbôh a` qu`r`jjns y a`onhans, r`pr`s`htndbôh y s`lubob`htc a` dnscs, `htr` ctrcs. N pnrtbr a`j prbo`r nþc a` `htrnr `h vbl`hdbn `stn j`y, jcs nfbjbnacs t`harîh a`r`dmc n dnogbnr a` Naobhbstrnacrn a` Fchacs a` [`hsbch`s uhn v`z pcr nþc, dch `j sôjc r`qubsbtc a` uh pr`nvbsc a` 4; aïns a` ndu`rac n jns hcrons dcopj`o`htnrbns. Ju`lc a` trnsjnanrs` n ctrn NF[ a`g`rî dctbznr pcr jc o`hcs aurnht` s`bs o`s`s pnrn t`h`r a`r`dmc n ctrc dnogbc. @op`rc, pcarîh mnd`rjc `h dunjqub`r oco`htc sb jn NF[ ocabfbdn `j dcstc a` 7>

 

naobhbstrndb naobhb strndbôh ôh a` jcs s`rvbdb s`rvbdbcs. cs. Jcs nfbjb nfbjbnacs nacs tb`h` tb`h`hh a`r`dmc n r`dbgbr r`dbgbr bhfcrondbôh bhfcrondbôh s`o`strnj scgr` `j `stnac a` su du`htn bhabvbaunj, bhabdnhac dch djnrbana jcs npcrt`s `f`dtunacs, jns vnrbndbch`s a` su snjac, jn r`htngbjbana a`j fchac y jns dcobsbch`s dcgrnans. @j nfbjbnac, n hcogr` a` su fnobjbn, t`harî a`r`dmc n `j`lbr jn Naobhbstrnacrn a` T`rvbdbcs a` Tnjua (NWT) y/c [r`stnacrn a` T`rvbdbcs a` Tnjua ([TT) qu` oîs j` dchv`hln. Hbhluhn NWT y/c [TT pcarî r`dmnznr c dnhd`jnr jn nfbjbndbôh a` uh g`h`fbdbnrbc pcr rnzch`s a` `ana, s`xc, dchabdbôh scdbnj, a` snjua c jngcrnj. Hbhluhn p`rschn pcarî nfbjbnrs` n oîs a` uhn NWT, nõh dunhac pr`st` s`rvbdbc n oîs a` uh `opj`nacr c r`njbd` ctrns ndtbvbana`s  prcaudtbvns, nuhqu` sb tb`h` jn cpdbôh a` nfbjbnrs` n fbjbnrs` n uhc vnr vnrbcs bcs pjnh`s dcopj`o`htnrbcs qu` a`s``. Jcs nfbjbnacs `stîh `h `j a`g`r a` jj`vnr uhn vban qu` prcpbdb` jn dchs`rvndbôh a` jn snjua9  pnrtbdbpnr `h jcs prclrnons pr`v`htbvcs, utbjbznr jcs s`rvbdbcs dch drbt`rbcs a` `dchcoïn y r`spchsngbjbana scdbnj y suobhbstrnr bhfcrondbôh db`rtn, djnrn y dcopj`tn scgr` su `stnac a` snjua. Na`oîs, `stîh `h `j a`g`r a` a`huhdbnr dunjqub`r nhconjïn `h p`reubdbc a` jcs usunrbcs a`j sbst`on sbst`on c a` sus bbhstbtudbch`s. hstbtudbch`s. @j trngnenacr `stî `h `j a`g`r a` cgs`rvnr tcans y dn dnan an uhn uhn a` jn jnss r`d r`dco co`h `han andb dbch` ch`ss crb crb`h `htn tnan anss n pr`v` pr`v`hb hbrr nd nddb dba`h a`ht` t`ss a` tr trngn ngnec ec y/ y/cc `hf`ro`ana`s prcf`sbchnj`s. Na`oîs, a`g` pnrtbdbpnr y/c dcjngcrnr dch jcs dcobtâs a` s`lurbana ` mblb`h` `h `j trngnec qu` s` crlnhbd`h `h jn `opr`sn c bhstbtudbôh acha` pr`stn sus s`rvbdbcs. @j r`trnsc a`j `opj`nacr `h `j pnlc a` jns dctbzndbch`s a` T`lurc a` Wb`slc Jngcrngj`s hc bop`abrî `j hndbob`htc a`j a`r`dmc a`j trngnenacr n jns pr`stndbch`s qu` j` lnrnh lnr nhtb tbzn zn jn pr` pr`s`h s`ht` t` j` j`y. y. @h tn tnjj dn dnsc, sc, `j TH THTT TT a` a`g`r g`rîî r`dch r`dchcd cd`r `r y ct ctcrl crlnr nr ab abdmn dmnss  pr`stndbch`s y prcd`a`r a` bho`abntc n dcgrnr n jn `htbana `opj`nacrn `j ochtc a` jns npcrtndbch`s v`hdbans, oîs jns oujtns ` bht`r`s`s qu` dcrr`spchanh. Jns hcrons dcopj`o`htnrbns a`tnjjnrîh jcs a`r`dmcs y a`g`r`s a` jcs nfbjbnacs, a` jcs `opj`nacr`s, a` jcs prcf`sbchnj`s y tâdhbdcs a`j TATT, a` jns NWT y a` jns [TT. G@H@FBDBNWBCT, [W@TQNDBCH@T R NFBJBNDBÔH5 Qb`h`h a`r`dmc n s`r nfbjbnacs nj Tbst`on Acobhbdnhc a` T`lurbana Tcdbnj (TATT) tcacs jcs dbuananhcs acobhbdnhcs y jcs r`sba`ht`s j`lnj`s `h `j t`rrbtcrbc hndbchnj. Jn pr`s`ht` 77

 

j`y y sus hcrons dcopj`o`htnrbns r`lujnrîh jn bhdjusbôh a` jcs acobhbdnhcs r`sba`ht`s `h `j `xt`rbcr. Tch g`h`fbdbnrbcs a`j T`lurc Fnobjbnr a` Tnjua5 tcacs jcs acobhbdnhcs y jcs dbuananhcs `xtrnhe`rcs qu` t`hlnh `stngj`dban su r`sba`hdbn `h `j t`rrbtcrbc hndbchnj. [îrrnfc.- [nrn fbh`s a` jn pr`s`ht` j`y, jn fnobjbn a`j ns`lurnac bhdjuy`5 n) Nj dôhyul` c dcopnþ`rc/rn a` vban a`gbano`ht` r`lbstrnac9 y g) Jcs mbecs ` mbenstrcs o`hcr`s a` >= nþcs c o`hcr`s a` 7> nþcs, sb fu`rnh `stuabnht`s, c sbh jïobt` a` `ana sb sch absdnpndbtnacs, jcs pnar`s y su`lrcs sb sch a`p a`p`hab `hab`ht `ht`s `s nab nabdbc dbchnj hnj`s, `s, ob` ob`htr htrns ns hc s`nh `jj `jjcs cs obsocs obsocs nfb nfbjb jbnacs nacs nj Tbst`o Tbst`onn Acobhbdnhc a` T`lurbana Tcdbnj. Jcs nabdbchnj`s pnlnh uh vnjcr ndtunj a` >,>6% scgr` jn gns` a` dctbzndbôh. @j >1.>2% nabdbchnj `stî n dnrlc a`j `opj`nacr y dcrr`spcha` nj npcrt` tctnj n fnvcr a`j `opj`nacr. 71

 



  Tb `j trngnenacr hc `stî r`dbgb`hac hbhlõh snjnrbc aurnht` su p`rïcac a` jbd`hdbn oâabdn hc mny hbhlõh dcoprcobsc a` pnlc n jn T`lurbana Tcdbnj9 sbh `ognrlc, abdm ab dmnn pj pjnt ntnf nfcro cronn nõ nõhh hc `st `stîî pr` pr`pn pnrna rnann pnr pnrnn ns nsuo uobr br `j `jjn jn ob obso sonn jc jcss rb rb`sl `slcs cs bhm`r`ht`s nj trngnenacr nht` `v`htcs qu` cdurrb`s`h sbh qu` bhvcjudr` n jn `opr`sn, jc ndchs`engj` ndchs`engj` `s qu` jn `opr`sn `opr`sn prcsbl prcsblnn dch `j r`lbstrc r`lbstrc nuhqu` s`n dch `j pnlc  pnrdbnj a`j trngnenacr, pnrn pnr n `vbtnr dchfjbdtcs futurcs.

FCWONT A@ FBHNHDBNOB@HQC, DCQBUNDBÔH R TPGTBABCT5 @j Wâlbo`h Dchtrbgutbvc a`j Tbst`on Acobhbdnhc a` T`lurbana Tcdbnj (TATT) s` fbhnhdbn o`abnht`5   Jns dctbzndbch`s y dchtrbgudbch`s cgjblntcrbns cgjblntcrbns a` jcs nfbjbnacs y a` jcs `opj`nacr`s9    Jc Jcss g` g`h` h`fb fbdb dbcs cs,, bh bht` t`r` r`s`s s`s y r` r`ht htns ns prc prcv` v`hb hb`h `ht` t`ss a` jn jnss r` r`s`r s`rvns vns a` a`jj Fc Fchac hac a` Tcjbanrbana9 



  @j bopcrt` a` jns oujtns bopu`stns dcoc dchs`du`hdbn a`j bhduopjbob`htc a` jn  pr`s`ht` j`y y sus hcrons dcopj`o`htnrbns9 dc opj`o`htnrbns9    Jn r`njbzndbôh r`njbzndbôh a` ndtbvcs ndtbvcs y utbjbana`s utbjbana`s qu` prcauzdnh prcauzdnh sus gb`h`s9 gb`h`s9 Jns achndbch`s, achndbch`s, m`r`hdbns, j`lnacs, sugsbabcs y naeuabdndbch`s qu` s` mnlnh `h su fnvcr. 

  @j `opj`nacr dchtrbgubrî nj fbhnhdbnob`htc a`j Wâlbo`h Dchtrbgutbvc, Dchtrbgutbvc, tnhtc pnrn `j T`lurc a` V`e`z, Absdnpndbana y Tcgr`vbv`hdbn dcoc pnrn `j T`lurc Fnobjbnr a` Tnjua, dch `j s`t`htn (;;%)  pcr `j `opj`nacr. @h nabdbôh, `j `opj`nacr  npcrtnrî npcrtn rî `j d`r d`rcc puh puhtc tc duntrc duntrc (;.1) pcr db`htc a`j snjnrbc dctbzngj` pnrn dugrbr `j Fchac a` Tcjbanrbana Tcdbnj a`j sbst`on pr`vbsbchnj.

Jcs `opj`nacr`s `f`dtunrîh jcs pnlcs nj Tbst`on Acobhbdnhc a` T`lurbana Tcdbnj (TATT) n oîs tnranr a`htrc a` jcs prbo`rcs tr`s (4) aïns mîgbj`s a` dnan o`s. Jn gns` a` dctbzndbôh pnrn jcs trngnenacr`s a`p`hab`ht`s, `j snjnrbc dctbzngj` `s `j qu` s` a`fbh` `h `j nrtïdujc >27 a`j Dôablc a` Qrngnec. Fbhnhdbnob`htc a` jcs jcs r`lïo`h`s Tugsbabnac y Dchtrbgutbvc Tugsbabnac.

70

 

@j Wâlbo`h Tugsbabnac s` fbhnhdbnrî dch jns npcrtndbch`s a`j @stnac Acobhbdnhc, a` ndu`rac nj nrtïdujc = a` jn Dchstbtudbôh a` jn W`põgjbdn. Jns npcrtndbch`s nj Wâlbo`h Dchtrbgutbvc Tugsbabnac prcv`harîh a` acs fu`ht`s. Phn dchtrbgudbôh a` jcs g`h`fbdbnrbcs y uh sugsbabc qu` npcrtnrî `j @stnac Acobhbdnhc pnrn supjbr jn fnjtn a` uh `opj`nacr fcronj. @j ochtc a` `st` sugsbabc s`rî `h prcpcrdbôh bhv`rsn n jcs bhlr`scs r`nj`s a` dnan dnt`lcrïn a` trngnenacr pcr du`htn prcpbn. Jns npcrtndbch`s a` jcs trngnenacr`s bha`p`hab`ht`s s` dnjdujnrîh `h gns` n uh oõjtbpjc a`j snjnrbc oïhboc hndbchnj.

Tcjbdbtua a` Absp`hsn Tb dcoc r`pr`s`h r`pr`s`htnh tnht` t` nht` jn QTT n trn trnvâs vâs a`j Tubr [jus, [jus, j` jj` jj`ln ln uhn hctbfbdn hctbfbdndbô dbôhh a` Absp`hsn, `s pcrqu` tb`h` p`rschns qu` hc jj`lnh nj su`jac oïhboc `stngj`dbac `h su r`lbstrc nht` jn QTT, `h `st` dnsc a`g` `htrnr `h jn v`htnhbjjn a` Absp`hsn y dr`nr c scjbdbtnr  uhn absp`hsn dch jcs antcs a` jns p`rschns r`lbstrnans dch `stn dchabdbôh a` snjnrbc o`hcr  y `sdnh`nr `j dcoprcgnht` scjbdbtnac qu` dchfbro` abdmn nddbôh.

76

 

[nrtbans T`lurbana Tcdbnj

Abstrbgudbôh pcrd`htne` (%) Dubanac a` jn snjua p`rschnj   @stnhdbns bhfnhtbj`s

Tugsbabcs

snjua 2.04 ;.>;

 

;.14  

Tup`rbht`ha`hdbns

;.;<  

Du`htn [`rschnj

   

Fchac a` scjbanrbana  

Dcobsbôh a` jn NF[ Bopcrt` Bopc rt` a`j Nfjbnac

 

A`j `opj`nacr

 

;.;< =.;

T`lurc a` vban p`rschnj

A`j nfbjbnac

p`hsbôh

>.; ;.;1 ;.0

4.;1

7.=<

4 n jn Abr`ddbôh L`h`rnj a` Bopu`stcs Bht`rhcs (ALBB). [nrn `j dnsc a` jcs trngnenacr`s dch vnrbcs `opj`nacr`s y qu` cpt`h pcr uh nl`ht` a` r`t`hdbôh õhbdc, a`g`rîh r`pcrtnr5 ¼ WHD a`j Nl`ht` a` W`t`hdbôh Õhbdc ¼ W`ouh`rndbch`s pnlnans pcr ctrcs nl`ht`s (`h dnsc a` qu` `j `opj`nacr qu` r`pcrtn s`n `j Nl`ht` a` W`t`hdbôh).

Tb t`hlc vnrbcs trngnecs, ³dôoc a`fbhc ob Nl`ht` a` W`t`hdbôh3 Dunhac uh trngnenacr tb`h` vnrbcs `opj`cs, a`g` a`dbabr duîj a` sus `opj`nacr`s s`rî su Nl`ht` a` W`t`hdbôh. @j `opj`nacr s`j`ddbchnac a`g`rî r`t`h`rj` nj trngnenacr `j Bopu`stc Tcgr` jn W`htn (BTW) dcrr`spchab`ht` n jn tctnjbana p`rdbgban pcr `j obsoc, tnhtc `h `sn `opr`sn dcoc `h jns a`oîs.

Tb scy Nl Nl`h `ht` t` a` W` W`t` t`hdb hdbôh ôh Õhb Õhbdc dc a` uh uhcc a` ob obss trn trngne gnena nacr` cr`s, s, ³dô ³dôoc oc pu pu`ac `ac r`pcrtnrjc `h `j Tbst`on Õhbdc a` Bhfcrondbôh y W`dnuac (TPBW)3 n. @j `opj`nacr `j`lbac dcoc Nl`ht` a` W`t`hdbôh Õhbdc, a`g` r`pcrtnr jn suon a`j snjnrbc  p`rdbgbac pcr `s` trngnenacr y jns r`ouh`rndbch`s a` ctrc nl`ht`, `h `j dnopc ‚Ctrns W`ouh`rndbch`s‟.  g. @h `j dnsc a` jcs a`oîs `opj`nacr`s, a`g`h r`lbstrnr `h `j dnopc a` ‚W`ouh`rndbôh a` Ctrcs Nl`ht`s‟ `j WHD/Dâaujn a`j nl`ht` a` r`t`hdbôh õhbdc `j`lbac pcr `j trngnenacr dch vnjcr d`rc. d. Tb `j trngnenacr hc mn s`j`ddbchnac uh Nl`ht` a` W`t`hdbôh Õhbdc, `st` dnopc a`g`  p`ronh`d`r ‚`h ‚ `h gjnhdc‟.

7=

 

 [nrn r`pcrtnr `j su`jac gns` pnrn cgt`h`r `j Tnjnrbc H`tc Bopchbgj` a`j BTW, ³a`gc prbo`rc a`audbr jn r`t`hdbôh dcrr`spchab`ht` s`lurbana scdbnj3  Hc, `j Tbst`on Õhbdc a` Bhfcrondbôh y W`dnuac (TPBW) a`aud` nutcoîtbdno`ht` jn r`t`hdbôh a` T`lurbana Tcdbnj pnrn cgt`h`r `j Tnjnrbc H`tc Bopchbgj`.

³Dôoc r`pcrtnr jns pr`stndbch`s jngcrnj`s3 Jns pr`stndbch`s dcrr`spchab`ht`s n pr`nvbsc, d`snhtïn y prcpcrdbôh a` r`lnjïn, s` r`lbstrnh `h jn dnsbjjn ‚Bhlr`scs @x`htcs‟, @x`htcs‟, jns prcpcrdbch`s prcpcrdbch`s a` vndndb vndndbch`s ch`s `h ‚Ctrns W`ouh` W`o uh`rndb rndbch`s ch`s‟‟ y `j snj snjnrb nrbcc crab crabhnr hnrbc bc `h ‚Tn ‚Tnjnr jnrbc bc Dct Dctbzn bzngj` gj` pnr pnrnn ALB ALBB‟. B‟. Tnjnrbc crabhnrbc, jn dcobsbôh y jns vndndbch`s sch pnrt` a`j Tnjnrbc Dctbzngj` pnrn jn T`lurbana Tcdbnj.

³@h quâ oco`htc a`gc anrj` snjban n uh `opj`nac3 Bho`abntno`ht` dujobhn su dchtrntc jngcrnj, r`lbstrnhac `j snjnrbc p`rdbgbac mnstn `sn f`dmn. Tb `j `opj`nacr hc r`lbstrn jn snjban `h `j TPBW a`htrc a`j obsoc p`rïcac `h qu` fbhnjbzô `j dchtrntc, a`g` l`h`rnr jn gnen dch f`dmn a`j o`s nht`rbcr, bhdjuy`hac su õjtboc snjnrbc9 nsï s` `vbtn jn bhdjusbôh `h jn hctbfbdndbôh a`j o`s vbl`ht`.

³[cr quâ sb j` ab snjban n uh `opj`nac nõh dchtbhõn `h ob @stnac a` Du`htn3 [crqu` jn f`dmn r`lbstrnan `h jn hcv`ana dcrr`spcha` nj p`rïcac vbl`ht`. Tb hc jngcrô `h `s` o`s, a`g` anr bhlr`sc dch f`dmn a`j o`s vbl`ht` y ju`lc jn gnen dch f`dmn a`j o`s nht`rbcr. [nrn quâ s` r`lbstrnh jcs trngnenacr`s `xtrnhe`rcs duyc acduo`htc a` ba`htbana `s su  pnsnpcrt` y hc pcs`` dâaujn acobhbdnhn3 [nrn `j pnlc a`j bopu`stc Tcgr` jn W`htn (BTW).

³^uâ `s uh nfbjbnac a`p`hab`ht`3 @h `st` târobhc s` bhdjuy` nj `spcsc(n), dcopnþ`rc(n) a` vban, mbecs y mbenstrcs o`hcr`s a` >= nþcs c absdnpndbtnacs y mnstn jcs 7> nþcs qu` dchtbhõ`h `stuabnhac, qu` `stâh gnec jn a`p`ha`hdbn `dchôobdn a` sus pnar`s. 72

 

 ³^uâ `s uh a`p`hab`ht` nabdbchnj3 T` r`fb`r` n pnar`s, su`lrcs c mbecs onycr`s a` 7> nþcs r`lbstrnacs `h `j hõdj`c fnobjbnr, duyc p`r dîpbtn a`g` s`r pnlnac pcr `j nfbjbnac tbtujnr.

Q`hlc uh h`lcdbc a` õhbdc au`þc, ³o` t`hlc qu` r`lbstrnr `h jn Q`scr`rïn a` jn T`lurbana Tcdbnj (QTT)3 Tb tb`h` trngnenacr`s `h r`jndbôh a` a`p`ha`hdbn c nsnjnrbnacs, a`g` r`lbstrnrs`. Tb hc tb`h` trngnenacr`s `h r`jndbôh a` a`p`ha`hdbn c nsnjnrbnacs, HC a`g` r`lbstrnrs` `h jn QTT.

³Duîhtc `s ob pcrd`htne` a` ocrn3 Jcs `opj`nacr`s qu` hc pnlu`h a`htrc a`j pjnzc a` jcs tr`s (4) prbo`rcs aïns mîgbj`s a` dnan o`s a`g`h pnlnr uh r`dnrlc dnjdujnac scgr` jn gns` a` uh 0% o`hsunj a`j ochtc a` jns npcrtndbch`s r`t`hbans. Nabdbchnjo`ht` pnlnrî uh bht`râs bha`ohbzntcrbc a` 7.2=% a` ocrn pcr dnan o`s c frnddbôh a` o`s. ACDPO@HQNDBÔH @ BHFCWONDBCH@T NJ OBHBTQ@WBC A@ QWNGNEC O@ABNHQ@ @J TBWJN5

 ALQ-75 @s jn r`jndbôh a` jns mcrns `xtrns pnlnans nj p`rschnj fbec qu` jngcrn `h dnan `stngj`dbob`htc a` a`t`robhnan `opr`sn. T` r`njbzn a` onh`rn onhunj `h fcroujnrbcs pnrn tnj`s fbh`s c `h uhn tngjn abs`þnan `h @xd`j @x d`j,, jn dunj dunj a`g` s`r r` r`db dbgb gban an y s`j s`jjn jnan an pcr `j Obhb Obhbst st`rb `rbcc a` Qrngne Qrngnec. c. A`g` A`g` `stnr  `stnr  dcopj`tnan nj blunj qu` jcs a`oîs fcroujnrbcs a` pjnhtbjjns a`j p`rschnj c hôobhn.

4;

 

 ALQ-45 @s jn r`jndbôh a`j p`rschnj fbec qu` jngcrn `h dnan `stngj`dbob`htc a` a`t`robhnan `opr`sn y a`j dunj sôjc pcarî r`pcrtnr uh fcroujnrbc ALQ-4 pcr `stngj`dbob`htc pcr nþc, `st` fcroujnrbc dchstn a` 70 fbjns, pcr `ha` scjc s` pu`a`h r`pcrtnr blunj hõo`rcs a` `opj`nacs `h dnan uhn. T` r`pcrt r`pcrtnn jcs prbo prbo`rcs `rcs >0 aïn aïnss a` bhbdb bhbdbnr nr `j nþc dch `j p` p`rschnj rschnj qu qu`` n `sn f`dmn `st` jngcrnhac `h jn `opr`sn. T` r`njbzn n trnvâs a`j Tbst`on Bht`lrnj a` W`dnuandbôh Jngcrnj (TBWJN) `htrnhac n Tbrjn.lcg.ac c n jn pîlbhn a`j Obhbst`rbc a` Qrngnec.

 ALQ-15 @s jn r`jndbôh a` jns hcv`ana`s o`hsunj`s a`j p`rschnj fbec qu` jngcrn `h dnan `stngj`dbob`htc a` uhn a`t`robhnan `opr`sn. Jns hcv`ana`s bhdjuy`h jns jns `htrnans, snjbans c dnogbcs a` snjnrbcs c pu`stcs a`j trngnenacr. [nrn tcacs, `j pnlc s` r`njbzn naqubrb`hac uh pbh c dôablc qu` s` naqub`r` a` jn Cfbdbhn Jcdnj a`j Obhbst`rbc a` Qrngnec.

 ALQ-05 W`lbstrc a` p`rschnj oôvbj u cdnsbchnj. @s `j fcroujnrbc qu` `j `opj`nacr a`g` pr`s`htnr dunhac utbjbd` trngnenacr`s oôvbj`s u cdnsbchnj`s9 tb`h` qu` r`pcrtnrjcs `h `j A`pnrtno`htc a` Qrngnec c n jn nutcrbana jcdnj qu` `e`rd` sus fuhdbch`s, jcs trngnenacr`s qu` dchtrnt` `h uh o`s a`htrc a` jcs prbo`rcs dbhdc (;0) aïns a`j o`s sblub`ht`. (Nrts. >= a`j W`ljno`htc 70=/24 pnrn jn npjbdndbôh a`j Dôablc a` Qrngnec).

 ALQ->>5 W`jndbôh W`jndb ôh a` p`rschnj `stndb `stndbchnj chnj c a` t`opcrnan. [cr `e`opjc `e`opjc `j p`rschnj a` tb`hans tb`hans pcr  a`pnrtno`htcs.

4>

 

NH@]CT

47

 

44

 

41

 

40

 

Tup`rbht`ha`hdbn a` Tnjua y' Wb`slcs Jngcrnj`s "Nþc a`j Fco`htc a` jn Vbvb`han" W`scjudbôh DCHTBA@WNHAC5 ^u` o`abnht` jn W`scjudbôh Hc. ;;>6>-7;;=, a` f`dmn >4 a` cdtugr` a` 7;;=, `stn Tup`rbht`ha`hdbn `stngj`dbô jns tnrbfns a` bha`ohbzndbch`s pnrn `j ctcrlnob`htc a` jns pr`stndbch`s pcr bhdnpndbana p`ronh`ht` pnrdbnj, s`lõh jcs rnhlcs  pcrd`htunj`s a`j lrnac a` absdnpndbana y `j hõo`rc a` v`d`s a`j su`jac gns`. DCHTBA@WNHAC5 ^u`, a` dchfcrobana dch jc `stngj`dbac `h `j Nrtïdujc >, 7, 4, >2;-;1 y >2;;0, a` f`dmns 76 a` eujbc a` 7;;< y >= a` s`ptb`ogr` a` 7;;=, a`j Dchs`ec Hndbchnj a` T`lurbana Tcdbnj (DHTT) y jn W`scjudbôh Hc. ;;>6>- 7;;=, a` f`dmn >4 a` cdtugr` a` 7;;=, a` jn TBTNJWBJ, `stn Tup`rbht`ha`hdbn a` Tnjua y Wb`slcs Jngcrnj`s `obt` jn sblub`ht`5 W@TCJPDBCH [WBO@WC5 OCABFBDN `j Nrtïdujc T`luhac a` jn W`scjudbôh Hc. ;;>6>7;;=, a` f`dmn >4 a` cdtugr` a` 7;;=, `h jc qu` r`sp`dtn nj dunarc qu` `stngj`d` jcs ochtcs a` jns bha`ohbzndbch`s a`j T`lurc a` Wb`slcs Jngcrnj`s, pnrn qu` `h jc na`jnht` s` j`n y rben a` jn onh`rn sblub`ht`5

46

 

Wnhlcs pcrd`htunj`s a` absdnpndbana Tu`jac gns` 8>0-7;%

6 su`jacs gns`s

7>-47 %

= su`jacs gns`s

44:0; %

>;  su`jacs gns`s

Q@TCW@WÏN A@ JN T@LPWBANA TCDBNJ Nuo`htc Qcp`s Tnjnrbcs Dctbzngj`s Jn Q`scr`rïn a` jn T`lurbana Tcdbnj bhfcron n tcacs jcs `opj`nacr`s [õgjbdcs y [rbvnacs a`j pnïs qu` `j Dchs`ec Hndbchnj a` T`lurbana Tcdbnj, o`abnht` su W`scjudbôh Hc. 77/7;>2 a`j 77 a` nlcstc a` 7;>2, fbeô `h Qr`d` Obj Duntrcdb`htcs Cdm`htn y Acs [`scs dch ;;/>;; (WA$>4,1=7.;;) `j ochtc a`j Tnjnrbc Oïhboc Hndbchnj pnrn dnjdujnr `j jïobt` sup`rbcr a`j snjnrbc dctbzngj` a`j Wâlbo`h Dchtrbgutbvc a`j T`lurc Fnobjbnr a` Tnjua, a`j T`lurc a` Wb`slcs Jngcrnj`s y a`j T`lurc a` V`e`z, Absdnpndbana y Tcgr`vbv`hdbn, dnjdujnac `h gns` nj prco`abc a` jns tr`s djnsbfbdndbch`s a` jcs snjnrbcs oïhbocs a`j s`dtcr prbvnac hc s`dtcrbznac `stngj`dbacs pcr `j Dcobtâ Hndbchnj a` Tnjnrbcs a` jn T`dr`tnrïn a` @stnac a` Qrngnec. @h `s` s`htbac, n pnrtbr a`j o`s a` nlcstc a` 7;>2 `j tcp` a` dchtrbgudbch`s pnrn jcs tr`s s`lurcs `s5 T`lurc a` Wb`slcs Jngcrnj`s WA$ 04,27=.;; T`lurc Fnobjbnr a` Tnjua WA$ >41,=7;.;; T`lurc a` V`e`z, Absdnpndbana y Tcgr`vbv`hdbn ([`hsbch`s) WA$762,61;.;; [nrn bhfcrondbôh nabdbchnj pu`a` dchtndtnrhcs pcr jns sblub`ht`s vïns5 D`htrc a` jjnonans Q`j. =;2-1