MAS PALTON Y MENOS PROSAC

 

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  @ÃV UBC^ÖH W @LHMV U[M_CF   Bmu @crghmdd    ^rcnuffgöh nl Kmroc Dmb Dmbfa fa

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 Ucrc quglhls sgl`prl sgl`prl supglrmh supglrmh qul bc b c d gbmsmdàc gbmsmd àc lrc kulhc pcrc cbim, plrm huhfc supglrmh nlfgr lxcftc`lhtl pcrc quç

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Ls bc rczöh pmr sà `gs`c bm qul acfl bc vgnc dlbgz y circnckbl, cb lxpubscr tmncs bcs gnlcs y mpghgmhls dcbscs, y lvgtcr  csà tmnc plrturkcfgöh nl bc `lhtl. LUGF\[M

Bc vgnc lxc`ghcnc ls bc ÿhgfc qul `lrlfl slr vgvgnc. VÖF[C^LV

Lb tgl`pm nl bc vgnc au`chc hm ls `ãs qul uh puhtm, y su sustchfgc uh dbuom, y sus plrflpfgmhls tmrpls, y bc fm`pmsgfgöh nlb fulrpm fmrruptgkbl, y lb cb`c uh tmrklbbghm, y bc dmrtuhc ghlsfrutckbl, y bc dc`c cbim sgh slhtgnm Z...P ½Suç pulnl puls iugcr c uh am`krl= \hc ÿhgfc fmsc, bc dgbmsmdàc. @C[FM C\[LBGM

Bcs hukls nl `g cdbgffgöh sl ngsgpcrmh y klkà nl bc buz. Fmh `gs plhsc`glhtms lh mrnlh igrç pcrc lxc`ghcr lb rmstrm nl `g `çngfm. Tmbvà bms moms y pmsç `g `grcnc lh lbbc, y vg qul lrc bc lhdlr`lrc lh fuyc fcsc `l ackàch fugncnm nlsnl bc  ouvlhtun? bc dgbmsmdàc. dgbmsmdàc. KMLFGM

Lb am`krl hm nlkl smkrlvcbmrcr bc irchnlzc y lb pmnlr  nl su `lhtl. ILM[IL D[LNL[GFA ALILB

Acflr dgbmsmdàc ls lxpbmrcr lb prmpgm tl`plrc`lhtm, plrm cb `gs`m tgl`pm trctcr nl nlsfukrgr bc vlrncn. 4

 

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Bms fcrpghtlrms nch dmr`c c bc `cnlrc: bms dblfalrms nch dmr`c c bcs dblfacs: bms sckgms sl nch dmr`c c sà `gs`ms. K\NC

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Circnlfg`glhtms Ircfgcs c bms dgbösmdms prlnlflsmrls y fmhtl`pmrãhlms pmr su plrlhhl ghspgrcfgöh. Bc dgbmsmdàc ls uh ràm sgh dgh, qul slrplhtlc cquà y dbuyl cbbà, plrm qul huhfc sl slfc. Ircfgcs c tchtms fmblics cfcnç`gfms y prmdlsgmhcbls, lh Lstcnms \hgnms y lb lxtrcholrm, pmr dgbmsödgfc, lb ghtlrfc`kgm fmhstruftgvm Lbbms `chtglhlh lhflhngnc bc bbc`c nl bc kÿsqulnc gbu`ghchnm tlmràcsnly gnlcs. prãftgfcs ldgfcfls. Ircfgcs c tmnms bms fmhslolrms qul cpmrtcrmh bms fcsms qul sl lstungch lh bc prlslhtl mkrc. Nlkgnm c bcs bg`gtcfgmhls ackgtucbls, hm al`ms pmngnm ghfbugr tmncs bcs prmpulstcs. Al`ms utgbgzcnm fcsms nl Jlgta Kurju`, Acrrglt Fac`klrbcgh, [gfacrn Nchfl, Tcuiachc Dlcry, Vtlpalh Acrl, Cbgfgc Oucrrlrm, Fargs @fFubbmuia, Klh @gousjmvgf, Vg`mh nu Ubmfj y Ultlr [cckl. Ircfgcs tc`kgçh c bms fmhslolrms dgbmsödgfms fuyms trckcoms l gnlcs al tlhgnm mfcsgöh nl `lhfgmhcr qul smh? Ilrn Cfalhkcfa, Vtchbly Fach, Uglrrl Irg`ls, Jlhhlta Jgphgs, [ch Bcacv, Ultlr @crj y Klrhcrn [my. Ircfgcs c hulstrms fmblics ambchnlsls „smkrl tmnm c Nrgls Kmlbl l Gnc Omhis`c„ pmr  dmr`cr cb prg`lr irupm nl lxplrtms hmrtlc`lrgfchms lh lb `çtmnm hlbsmhgchm nl ngãbmim smfrãtgfm. Ircfgcs c `ufams mtrms fuyc fbcrgvgnlhfgc y cpmym fmhstchtl ach fmhtrgkugnm cb dbmrlfg`glhtm nlb cslsmrc`glhtm dgbmsödgfm lh Lstcnms \hgnms, lhtrl bms qul sl fulhtch Facrbls NlFgffm, Omlbbl Nlbkmurim, [uklh Ngcz Or., Ucub nlb Nufc, [mh Imbndcrk, Omah Irllhwmmn, [mkkgl Acrl, @cagh Acssgkg, @lrb Amdd`ch, Chh Bgpplb, ^am`cs @cihlbb, [mkyh Blcry @chfghg, Olch @lfachgf, ^am`cs @mrcbls, Wmbchnc @msls, Ilrcrn M'Vubbgvch, @laub Vaca, Ucub Vacrjly, Ycyhl Valbtmh, Olhhgdlr Vtcrj, @crtgh ^c`hy y L``chulb L``chu lb ^fagvgnogch. ^fagvgnogch. Ircfgcs tc`kgçh c ^gh Nuiich, pmr su lxplrtm y fmrngcb qulacflr fm`m lngtmr. Umr ÿbtg`m, ircfgcs c Fmbbllh Jcpjblgh, quglh trcnuom aãkgb`lhtl `gs lbàptgfcs ngvcicfgmhls lh uhc prmsc fm`prlhsgkbl. Al cprlhngnm qul tmnm dgbösmdm pulnl lsfrgkgr  uh bgkrm pmfm pmpubcr sgh fmhtcr fmh hghiuhc cyunc. Cb dgh y cb fckm, hulstrm nmh ls ckmrncr csuhtms slhfgbbms y acflrbms csm`krmsc`lhtl fm`pbloms. Lh fc`kgm, bc lsfrgturc nl çxgtm rlquglrl crtl y dgnlbgncn pcrc acflr qul bms csuhtms `ãs fm`pbloms slch csm`krmsc`lhtl slhfgbbms, tcrlc qul hm ackràc pmngnm fmhflkgr, y `ufam `lhms rlcbgzcr, sgh bc cyunc nl uhc lxplrtc. BM\ @C[GHMDD

 Hulvc Wmrj, Wmrj, 3777 Bms fcsms lstungcnms lh lstcs pãighcs prmflnlh nl `g fmhsubtc y nl bcs nl fmblics qul `l ach cutmrgzcnm c ghfbugrbms. Lb chmhg`ctm nl hulstrms fbglhtls sl ac icrchtgzcnm fc`kgchnm hm`krls, buicrls, mfupcfgmhls, nltcbbls y nl`ãs nctms plrtghlhtls. Cuhqul sus gnlhtgncnls slch dgftgfgcs, lb prmvlfam dgbmsödgfm qul scfcrmh ls rlcb. 1

 

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@ÃV UBC^ÖH W @LHMV U[M_CF

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U[G@L[C UC[^L BMV H\LTMV \VMV NL BC VCKGN\[ÀC CH^GI\C

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3 Bc frgsgs nl bc dgbmsmdàc y su rlfglhtl rlfuplrcfgöh Fmhtrc bcs lhdlr`lncnls nl bc `lhtl, bc dgbmsmdàc ngspmhl nl rl`lngms: pmr lstc rczöh sl bc fmhsgnlrc, fmh tmnc oustlzc, bc `lngfghc nl bc `lhtl. LUGF\[M

Vlr dgbösmdm hm fmhsgstl lh lb `lrm dmr`ubcr plhsc`glhtms sutgbls, hg sgquglrc lh duhncr uhc lsfulbc Z...P Fmhsgstl rlsmbvlr cbiuhms nl bms prmkbl`cs nl bclhvgnc, hm lh lb ã`kgtm tlörgfm, sghm lh lb prãftgfm. ALH[W NCTGN ^AM[LC\

\hc `uolr omvlh acfl drlhtl cb fãhflr nl `c`c tlr`ghcb nl su `cnrl. \h am`krl nl `lngchc lncn prlvç uh fc`kgm nl ru`km lh su trcylftmrgc prmdlsgmhcb. \hc `uolr   prmtlstchtl fuyc agoc agoc lstã fm`prm`ltgnc fm`prm`ltgnc fmh uh `ufacfam ounàm y fuym agom lstã fcscnm fmh uhc fagfc `usub`chc tglhl `glnm nl bms fmhdbgftms rlbgigmsms qul pulnch surigr lh su dc`gbgc. uh lolfutgvm dghchfglrm fmh uhc krgbbchtl fcrrlrc c sus lspcbncs sl nlkctl smkrl sg nlkl ckchnmhcr c su lspmsc trcs vlghtl cóms nl `ctrg`mhgm. \hc `uolr vgvl pblhc`lhtl dlbgz lh pcrloc, plrm söbm uhm nl bms föhyuils quglrl tlhlr agoms. uh ghilhglrm slpcrcnm,  pcnrl nl fuctrm agoms, agoms, tl`l qul nlbctcr nlbctcr uh lrrmr nl ngslóm ngslóm lh uh prmylftm g`pmrtchtl  pulnc fmstcrbl fmstcrbl lb l`pblm. \hc `uolr qul tglhl tglhl tmnm fuchtm frlàc nlslcr (uh `crgnm y uhms agoms qul bc quglrlh, uhc fcsc kmhgtc, uhc prmdlsgöh kglh rl`uhlrcnc) bufac fmhtrc bc dcbtc nl slhtgnm nl su vgnc: fuchnm pglhsc lh lbbc sl prliuhtc? «½Lstm ls tmnm bm qul acy=º ^mncs lstcs plrsmhcs ach kusfcnm cyunc prmdlsgmhcb pcrc rlsmbvlr bms prmkbl`cs qul bcs ckru`ch. Lh mtrms tgl`pms, qugzãs ackràch cfungnm c bc fmhsubtc nl uh psgföbmim, uh  psgqug  psg qugctrc, ctrc, uh csg csgstlhtl stlhtl smfgcb smfgcb,, uh fmhslolrm `ctrg`mhg `ctrg`mhgcb cb m ghfbusm hfbusm c bc nlb `çngfm `çngfm nl fcklflrc pcrc ncr fmh trctc`glhtm qul bls furcràcmsurlfurrgnm «lhdlr`lncn `lhtcbº. qugzãs ackràch fmhsubtcnm sus lbnuncs fmh uh iuàc lspgrgtucb c bc rlbgigöh lh M kusfc nl 3;

 

mrglhtcfgöh l ghstruffgöh `mrcb. W pulnl qul c cbiuhms nl lbbms bls nglrc kulh rlsubtcnm. Camrc kglh, tc`kgçh fckl qul tuvglrch qul smpmrtcr bcrics fmhvlrscfgmhls smkrl su ghdchfgc, nltcbbcnms chãbgsgs nl sus pcutcs nl fm`pmrtc`glhtm, rlfltcs nl chtgnlprlsgvms m  plrmrctcs smkrl bc hcturcblzc plfc`ghmsc nlb slr au`chm y lb gghdg hdghg hgtm tm plrnöh nl Ngms, sgh qul hghiuhm nl lstms trchfls bblicrc cb `lmbbm nl su bufac ghtlrgmr. Csg`gs`m, ls prmkckbl qul l`prlhnglrch uhc prmbmhicnc tlrcpçutgfc, sgh dlfac nl dghcbgzcfgöh, flhtrcnc lh lb ngcihöstgfm nl uhc lhdlr`lncn fm`m sg sl trctcrc nl uh tu`mr qul ls prlfgsm lxtgrpcr m nl uh sàhtm`c qul punglrc punglrc fmhtrmbcrsl fmh `lngfc`lhtms. Vgh l`kcrim, camrc lxgstl mtrc mpfgöh pcrc bcs plrsmhcs qul sl `ulstrch ghsctgsdlfacs m fmhtrcrgcs c bcs tlrcpgcs psgqugãtrgfcs y psgfmböigfcs? lb cslsmrc`glhtm dgbmsödgfm. Bm qul agfglrmh bcs plrsmhcs nlsfrgtcs `ãs crrgkc dul kusfcr uhc fbcsl nl cyunc ngstghtc. Fmhsubtcrmh fmh uh dgbösmdm pcrc acbbcr hulvcs gnlcs duhnc`lhtcncs lh bcs irchnls trcngfgmhls nlb plhsc`glhtm au`chm. Uulstm qul bcs ghstgtufgmhls rlbgigmscs mdgfgcbls  pglrnlh  pg lrnlh cutmrg cutmrgncn ncn chtl uh hÿ`lrm frlfglhtl frlfglhtl nl plrsmhcs, y qul bc psgfmb psgfmbmi miàc àc y bc  psgqug  psg qugctràc ctràc trcspcsch bms bà`gtls bà`gtls nl su utgbgn utgbgncn cn lh bc vgnc nl bc ilhtl (y fm`glhzch fm`glhzch c acflr  `ãs `cb qul kglh), `ufacs plrsmhcs lstãh fcylhnm lh bc fulhtc nl qul bc plrgfgc dgbmsödgfc ckcrfc bc böigfc, bc çtgfc, bms vcbmrls, bms sgihgdgfcnms, bc rcfgmhcbgncn, bc tm`c nl nlfgsgmhls lh sgtucfgmhls fmhdbgftgvcs m crrglsicncs: lh su`c, tmnc bc gh`lhsc fm`pblogncn qul fcrcftlrgzc bc vgnc au`chc. Bcs plrsmhcs qul sl lhdrlhtch c ngfacs sgtucfgmhls hlflsgtch tçr`ghms sudgfglhtl`lhtl  prmduhnms y c`pbg c`pbgms pcrc lx lxpmhlr pmhlr sus ghqugltunls. hqugltunls. Vgrvgçh Vgrvgçhnmsl nmsl nl sus rlsplftgvcs rlsplftgvcs dgbmsmdàcs nl bc vgnc, c vlfls vcbgçhnmsl nl bms irchnls plhscnmrls nlb pcscnm, bmirch fmhstrugr uh `crfm nl rldlrlhfgc qul bls plr`gtl crrmstrcr fucbquglr sgtucfgöh y pcscr c bc sgiuglhtl fmh duhnc`lhtms `ãs söbgnms y fmh uhc `cymr lhtlrlzc lspgrgtucb m dgbmsödgfc. Bm qul hlflsgtch ls ngãbmim, hm uh ngcihöstgfm. \stln pulnl cpbgfcr lstl prmflsm c su prmpgc vgnc. Uulnl trckcocr pmr su fulhtc, cuhqul sulbl rlsubtcr ÿtgb fmhtcr fmh uh ghtlrbmfutmr fmh quglh fmhtrcstcr pcrlflrls pcrc csliurcrsl nl hm pcscr pmr cbtm hghiÿh csplftm y lvgtcr qul bc rcfgmhcbgzcfgöh prlvcblzfc smkrl bc rcfgmhcbgncn. Fmh bms fmhsloms y bms lol`pbms fmhtlhgnms lh lstl bgkrm, lstcrã lh fmhngfgmhls nl nlsfukrgr bms klhldgfgms qul rlpmrtc uh lxc`lh ctlhtm nl bc vgnc,  klhldgfgms  klhldgfg ms qul fm`prlhnlh bc trchqug trchqugbbgncn nl lspàrg lspàrgtu, tu, bc lstckgbg lstckgbgncn ncn y bc ghtlirg htlirgncn. ncn. Hm hlflsgtc hghiuhc lxplrglhfgc lh dgbmsmdàc, hg tglhl pmr quç bllr  Bc rlpÿkbgfc  nl Ubctöh hg hghiÿh mtrm tlxtm dgbmsödgfm (c hm slr qul csà bm nlsll). ^mnm fuchtm prlfgsc ls uhc `lhtcbgncn dgbmsödgfc y, ncnm qul ac lblignm lstl bgkrm y bm ac blànm acstc cquà, `l ctrlvlràc c cdgr`cr qul ustln bc tglhl. \HC DGBMVMDÀC U[MUGC ^mnm lb `uhnm tglhl uhc dgbmsmdàc nl bc vgnc plrm pmfms nl hmsmtrms imzc`ms nlb  prgvg  prg vgbblig ligmm m lb tgl`pm tgl`pm bgkrl hlflscrg hlflscrgmm pcrc slhtcrhms c lsfbcrlflr lsfbcrlflr sutgb sutgblzcs. ^lhnl`ms c grbm acfglhnm smkrl bc `crfac. Bc lxplrglhfgc ls uhc irch `clstrc, plrm tc`kgçh  prlfgsc`ms  prlfg sc`ms rldblxg rldblxgmhcr mhcr smkrl hulstrcs lxplrglhfg lxplrglhfgcs. cs. Hlflsgtc`ms Hlflsgtc`ms plhscr fmh uhc pmsturc 36

 

fràtgfc, kusfchnm pcutcs nl fmhnuftc y sgtuãhnmbm tmnm lh lb fmhtlxtm ilhlrcb pcrc ckrgrhms fc`ghm lh bc vgnc. Fm`prlhnlr hulstrc prmpgc dgbmsmdàc pulnl cyuncrhms c lvgtcr, rlsmbvlr m ckmrncr `ufams prmkbl`cs. Hulstrc dgbmsmdàc tc`kgçh pulnl slr lb mrgilh nl bms prmkbl`cs qul pcnlfl`ms, nl `mnm qul nlkl`ms lvcbucr bcs gnlcs qul smstlhl`ms pcrc `mnlbcr uh puhtm nl vgstc qul mkrl c dcvmr hulstrm, hm lh fmhtrc. ustln ls fcpcz nl fc`kgcr sus frllhfgcs pcrc rlsmbvlr uh prmkbl`c, y lstl bgkrm bl lhslócrã fö`m acflrbm. Ulsl c bc dc`c qul mstlhtc, bc dgbmsmdàc hm tglhl pmr quç rlsubtcr ghtg`gnchtl, ckurrgnc m ghfm`prlhsgkbl. Irch pcrtl nl bm qul sl ac lsfrgtm smkrl lb tl`c c bm bcrim nl bms cóms sgh nunc lhfcoc lh uhc m `ãs nl lstcs fctlimràcs plrm, lh lb dmhnm, bc dgbmsmdàc ghvlstgic bcs fulstgmhls qul tmnms hms prliuhtc`ms? ½Suç ls uhc kulhc vgnc= ½Suç ls lb kglh= ½Lh quç fmhsgstl bc vgnc= ½Umr quç lstmy cquà= ½Umr quç nlklràc mkrcr fmrrlftc`lhtl= ½Suç sgihgdgfc mkrcr fmrrlftc`lhtl= Hm smh prliuhtcs dãfgbls, y sus rlspulstcs tc`pmfm bm smh: nl bm fmhtrcrgm, hm sliugràc`ms nãhnmbls vulbtcs uhc y mtrc vlz. Nms plrsmhcs ngstghtcs huhfc bblicrãh cutm`ãtgfc`lhtl c bcs `gs`cs rlspulstcs. Hm mkstchtl, tmnms fmhtc`ms fmh uh fmhouhtm nl prghfgpgms fm`m puhtm nl pcrtgnc, tchtm sg sm`ms fmhsfglhtls nl lbbms y pmnl`ms lhu`lrcrbms fm`m sg hm. Bm `lomr nl ngspmhlr nl `gbls nl cóms nl plhsc`glhtm lh bms qul ghspgrcrsl ls qul `ufacs nl bcs `lhtls `ãs sckgcs nl bc agstmrgc ach prmduhngzcnm lh lstms csuhtms y hms ach flngnm uh blicnm nl gnlcs y ngrlftrgfls qul fckl cprmvlfacr. Camrc kglh, bc dgbmsmdàc tc`kgçh ls cbim plrsmhcb? ustln tc`kgçh ls dgbösmdm. ^m`l fuchtm pulnc cprlhnlr nl mtrcs dulhtls, plrm sg bm qul quglrl ls lhfmhtrcr uhc dmr`c nl vlr lb `uhnm qul bl nç rlsubtcnm, tlhnrã qul tm`crsl bc `mblstgc nl plhscr pmr su fulhtc. Bc kulhc hmtgfgc ls qul, fmh lb nlkgnm ghflhtgvm, ustln ls plrdlftc`lhtl fcpcz nl plhscr pmr sà `gs`m. ½Nöhnl lhfmhtrcr ngfam ghflhtgvm= Uuls sgh gr `ãs bloms lh lstl bgkrm, qul hm bl mdrlfl  pcrtl nlb drutm nl bc prãftgfc dgb dgbmsödg msödgfc. fc. @gs @gs fmbli fmblics cs nl prmdlsgöh prmdlsgöh y ym hm sm`ms dgbösmdms dgbösmdms söbm lh lb slhtgnm cfcnç`gfm nlb tçr`ghm. Cuhqul `ufams nl hmsmtrms lstl`ms nmftmrcnms lh dgbmsmdàc, lhslól`ms lh uhgvlrsgncnls y pukbgqul`ms crtàfubms lsplfgcbgzcnms, acfl`ms cbim `ãs qul lsm? tc`kgçh mdrlfl`ms cslsmrc`glhtm c fbglhtls ghngvgnucbls, c irupms y c mrichgzcfgmhls. Cpcrtc`ms bc dgbmsmdàc nl bms fmhtlxtms  purc`lhtl tlörgfms tlörgfms m agpmtçtg agpmtçtgfms fms y bc cpbg cpbgfc`ms c bms prmkb prmkbl`cs l`cs fmtgng fmtgngchms chms nl bc vgnc vgnc  plrsmhcb,, smfgcb y prmdlsg  plrsmhcb prmdlsgmhcb mhcb.. Vg ustln vghglrc c vlr`l, tcb vlz bl fm`lhtcràc bms pbchtlc`glhtms nl Jglrjliccrn pcrc lhdrlhtcrsl c bc `ulrtl, bcs gnlcs nl Cyh [chn smkrl bcs vgrtunls nlb limàs`m m lb fmhslom nl Crgstötlbls nl plrsliugr bc rczöh y bc `mnlrcfgöh lh tmncs bcs fmscs. Sugzãs lstungcràc`ms tlmràc nl bc tm`c nl nlfgsgmhls, lb Wgoghi   m  G Faghi (Bgkrm nl bcs `utcfgmhls)  m bc tlmràc nl bc hlflsgncn nl Jcht. Lh duhfgöh nl su prmkbl`c, lxc`ghcràc`ms bcs gnlcs nl bms dgbösmdms qul `lomr sl cpbgqulh c su fcsm, cqulbbcs fmh bcs qul ustln sl sghtglrc `ãs fö`mnm. Acy plrsmhcs qul iustch nlb lhdmqul cutmrgtcrgm nl Amkkls, pmr lol`pbm, `glhtrcs qul mtrcs rlspmhnlh c pbchtlc`glhtms `ãs ghtugtgvms, fm`m Bcmzg m Bcm slràc ^sl. Sugzãs lxpbmrcràc`ms ngfacs lsqul`c dgbmsmdàcs dgbmsödgfm lh prmduhngncn, cuhqullbbmnl`ãs prmkckbl qul ustln tuvglrc su prmpgm y qul 3>

 

nlslcrc lxprlscrbm fmh `ãs fbcrgncn. Wm cftucràc fm`m uh iuàc pcrc scfcr c bc suplrdgfgl l gbu`ghcr sus prmpgcs gnlcs y, pmsgkbl`lhtl, pcrc suilrgrbl mtrcs hulvcs. Bm qul mktlhnràc nlspuçs nl ckmrncr nlsnl uhc öptgfc dgbmsödgfc lb csuhtm qul bl ctcólrc slràc uhc dmr`c nurcnlrc, prmduhnc`lhtl crrcgicnc l g`pcrfgcb, nl acflr drlhtl c fucbquglr mkstãfubm qul suroc lh su fc`ghm, camrc y lh lb duturm. Lhfmhtrcràc lstc vlrncnlrc trchqugbgncn nl lspàrgtu `lngchtl bc fmhtl`pbcfgöh, hm fmh `lngfc`lhtms. Ubctöh sà, Urmzcf hm. Lbbm lxgil plhscr fmh fbcrgncn y ciunlzc, bm fucb hm lstã dulrc nl su cbfchfl. Bc vgnc ls lstrlschtl y fm`pbgfcnc, plrm ustln hm tglhl pmr quç lstcr chiustgcnm hg fmhduhngnm. Lstl bgkrm trctc smkrl bms prmkbl`cs c bms qul hms lhdrlhtc`ms lh bc vgnc fmtgngchc. Vm`ms lsplfgcb`lhtl vubhlrckbls fuchnm chnc`ms lsfcsms nl dl m fmhdgchzc, tcb fm`m hms mfurrl c `ufams nl hmsmtrms fuchnm hm bmirc`ms ncr fmh tmncs bcs rlspulstcs lh bc rlbgigöh m lh bc fglhfgc. C bm bcrim nl lstl sgibm, sl ac gnm ckrglhnm uh trl`lhnm ckgs`m kcom hulstrms pgls c `lngnc qul bc rlbgigöh ac gnm rltrmflnglhnm y bc fglhfgc cvchzchnm, y tmnm ac plrngnm sgihgdgfcnm. Ls dãfgb qul hm vlc`ms ngfam ckgs`m acstc qul yc acyc`ms fcànm lh çb. Bms dgbösmdms lxgstlhfgcbgstcs rlcbgzch vgsgtcs iugcncs `uy fm`pbltcs: cuh csà, lh bc `cymràc nl bms fcsms hm bmirch scfcr c bcs plrsmhcs nl çb. Bm qul hlflsgtc`ms ls fmslfacr bcs cpbgfcfgmhls prãftgfcs nl tmncs bcs lsfulbcs dgbmsödgfcs pcrc pbchlcr bc dmr`c nl scbgr nl hulvm c bc suplrdgfgl. Bc dgbmsmdàc lstã rlfmkrchnm su bligtg`gncn plrngnc fm`m uh `mnm ÿtgb nl lxc`ghcr lb `uhnm qul hms rmnlc, `glhtrcs lb uhgvlrsm hms prmpmrfgmhc hulvms `gstlrgms chtls nl qul hg bc tlmbmiàc hg bc fglhfgc acych pmngnm rlfmhfgbgcr bms lhgi`cs lxgstlhtls. Klrtrchn [usslbb nlsfrgkgö bc dgbmsmdàc fm`m «cbim ghtlr`lngm lhtrl bc tlmbmiàc y bc fglhfgc Z...P uhc tglrrc nl hcngl lxpulstc c ctcquls prmflnlhtls nl c`kms kchnmsº. Hm mkstchtl, bc mtrc fcrc nl lstc cflrtcnc mkslrvcfgöh ls qul bc dgbmsmdàc pulnl scfcr dulrzcs nl c`kms  kchnms sgh tlhlr qul cksmrklr bms nmi`cs nmi`cs y puhtms ddbbcfms rlsplftgvms. Lb prlslhtl bgkrm sl ghspgrc lh bms `ãs irchnls dgbösmdms y dgbmsmdàcs nl bc agstmrgc nlb `uhnm pcrc lhslócrbl c ckmrncr bms csplftms `ãs g`pmrtchtls nl bc vgnc. ^rctc smkrl bms  prmkbl`cs  prmkb l`cs qul tmnm slr au`chm lhfcrc, tcbls tcbls fm`m bc `chlrc nl fmhnufgr fmhnufgr bcs rlbcfgmhls rlbcfgmhls c`mrmscs, nl vgvgr fmh çtgfc, nl pbchtlcrsl bc `ulrtl, nl lhdrlhtcrsl c uh fc`kgm  prmdlsgmhcb  prmdlsg mhcb y nl lhfmhtrcr slhtgnm slhtgnm c bc lxgstlhfg lxgstlhfgc. c. U mr supulstm, hm tmnms bms prmkbl`cs prmkbl`cs tglhlh smbufgöh, plrm cuhqul hm bmirl lhfmhtrcrbc hlflsgtc `chlocr lb prmkbl`c nl tcb `mnm qul su vgnc sgic cnlbchtl. Vlc fm`m dulrl, tchtm sg bm rlsulbvl fm`m sg cprlhnl c fmhvgvgr fmh çb, lstl bgkrm pulnl slrvgrbl nl iuàc. Camrc kglh, lh buicr nl mdrlflrbl lhdmquls pslunm`çngfms mrglhtcnms c bcs pctmbmiàcs m prmpmhlrbl suplrdgfgcbls prghfgpgms  prmpgms  prmpg ms nl bc Hlw Cil, lstl bgkrm bgkrm prlslhtc uhc sckgnuràc pulstc c prulkc pmr lb tgl`pm y cncptcnc lsplfàdgfc`lhtl pcrc cyuncrbl c vgvgr fmh pblhgtun l ghtlirgncn lh uh `uhnm qul fcnc vlz rlsubtc `ãs nlscdgchtl. BC DGBMVMDÀC U[ÃF^GFC Lb cslsmrc`glhtm dgbmsödgfm, c plscr nl slr uh fc`pm nl bc dgbmsmdàc rlbctgvc`lhtl 3<

 

hulvm, lstã lxplrg`lhtchnm uh rãpgnm frlfg`glhtm. Lb `mvg`glhtm nl bc prãftgfc dgbmsödgfc surigö lh Lurmpc lh bc nçfcnc nl bms mfalhtc, g`pubscnm pmr Ilrn Cfalhkcfa lh Cbl`chgc, y fm`lhzö c lxpchngrsl lh Hmrtlc`çrgfc lh bc nçfcnc nl bms hmvlhtc. Cuhqul «dgbmsmdàcº  y «prãftgfcº   smh nms pcbckrcs qul bc `cymr pcrtl nl bc ilhtl hm sulbl rlbcfgmhcr, bm fglrtm ls qul bc dgbmsmdàc sgl`prl ac prmpmrfgmhcnm alrrc`glhtcs qul bcs plrsmhcs pulnch uscr lh bc vgnc fmtgngchc. ^chtm Vöfrctls, qul sl pcsckc lb nàc nlkctglhnm fulstgmhls nl irch g`pmrtchfgc lh lb ãimrc, fm`m Bcmzg, qul rlfmpgbö sus fmhsloms smkrl fö`m sliugr lb fc`ghm nlb çxgtm lvgtchnm tmnm plrougfgm, qulràch qul sus gnlcs dulslh nl utgbgncn. Bc dgbmsmdàc, cb prghfgpgm, lrc uhc dmr`c nl vgnc, hm uhc ngsfgpbghc cfcnç`gfc: ls nlfgr, hm söbm mkoltm nl lstungm sghm tc`kgçh nl cpbgfcfgöh. Hm dul acstc lb sgibm pcscnm, cprmxg`cnc`lhtl, fuchnm bc dgbmsmdàc sl vgm fmhsgihcnc c uh cbc lsmtçrgfc nl bc tmrrl nl `crdgb, bblhc nl cvchfls tlörgfms plrm nlsprmvgstc nl tmnc cpbgfcfgöh cpbg fcfgöh prãftgfc. p rãftgfc. «Dgbmsmdàc chcbàtgfcº ls lb tçr`ghm tçfhgfm qul nlsgihc bm qul, fmh tmnc prmkckgbgncn, cfunl c su `lhtl fuchnm pglhsc lh dgbmsmdàc. Çstl ls lb fc`pm tcb fm`m sl nldghl nlsnl uh puhtm nl vgstc cfcnç`gfm. Lstc fbcsl nl dgbmsmdàc ls, lh su `cymr pcrtl, ckstrcftc y cutmrrldlrlhfgcb, y ngfl `uy pmfm m hcnc cflrfc nlb `uhnm. [crc vlz pulnl cpbgfcrsl c bc vgnc. Ngfam lhdmqul ls cprmpgcnm pcrc bcs uhgvlrsgncnls. Bms lstungms kãsgfms nl dgbmsmdàc nlklràch dmr`cr pcrtl nl tmnm pbch ilhlrcb nl lnufcfgöh: uhc uhgvlrsgncn sgh nlpcrtc`lhtm nl dgbmsmdàc ls fm`m uh fulrpm sgh fcklzc. Camrc kglh, bc `cymràc nl bms fc`pms nl lstungm cfcnç`gfm lh bms qul lxgstl uhc rc`c nl ghvlstgicfgöh purc tc`kgçh fulhtc fmh uhc rc`c cpbgfcnc. Vl pulnlh lstungcr `ctl`ãtgfcs purcs m cpbgfcncs, fglhfgcs tlörgfcs m lxplrg`lhtcbls. Vg kglh ls lslhfgcb pcrc fucbquglr fc`pm nl lstungm lxpchngr sus drmhtlrcs tlörgfcs, bc dgbmsmdàc cfcnç`gfc ÿbtg`c`lhtl sl ac lxflngnm lh su çhdcsgs smkrl bc tlmràc lh nltrg`lhtm nl bc prãftgfc. @g `gsgöh lh lstcs pãighcs ls rlfmrncrbl qul bc sckgnuràc nl bc dgbmsmdàc nl bc vgnc, qul lstã rlbcfgmhcnc fmh bc vgnc rlcb y bc dmr`c nl vgvgrbc, prlflnl c bc ghstgtufgmhcbgzcfgöh nl bc dgbmsmdàc fm`m uhc ig`hcsgc `lhtcb qul hm tglhl hcnc qul vlr fmh bc vgnc. Bc dgbmsmdàc lstã vmbvglhnm c bc buz nlb nàc, nmhnl bcs plrsmhcs fmrrglhtls pulnlh lhtlhnlrbc y cpbgfcrbc. Bcs gnlcs ctl`pmrcbls smkrl bc fmhngfgöh au`chc smh cfflsgkbls  pcrc ustln. Hmsmtrms, bms prmdlsg prmdlsgmhcb mhcbls ls nl bc dgb dgbmsmdàc, bcs scfc`ms nl bms `mamsms lstchtls nl bc kgkbgmtlfc, bls qugtc`ms lb pmbvm y bcs pmhl`ms lh sus `chms. ustln pulnl cprlhnlr c utgbgzcrbcs. Hm prlfgsc lxplrglhfgc prlvgc. Sugzã quglrc rlfmhmflr lb tlrrlhm chtls nl l`prlhnlr su prmpgc chncnurc, y lstl bgkrm bl cyuncrã c acflrbm,  prmpmrfgmhãhnmb  prmpmrfg mhãhnmbll bc fbcvl fbcvl pcrc nlsfgdrcr nlsfgdrcr bcs slócbls slócbls qul acbb acbbcrã lh lb fc`ghm fc`ghm nl `mnm qul ngsdrutl nl uh vgcol sliurm y dcsfghchtl, tchtm sg bm rlcbgzc c smbcs fm`m lh fm`pcóàc nl uh c`gim. Nl hghiÿh `mnm ls hlflscrgm slr nmftmr m bgflhfgcnm lh dgbmsmdàc pcrc klhldgfgcrsl nl bc sckgnuràc nl tmnms bms tgl`pms. Cb dgh y cb fckm, tc`pmfm hlflsgtc lstungcr kgmdàsgfc  pcrc ncr uh pcslm, slr ghi ghilhglrm lhglrm pcrc pbchtcr pbchtcr uhc tglhnc tglhnc nl fc`pcóc m slr uh lx l xplrtm lh lfmhm`àc l`pblm.tcb Nlvlz bc `gs`c dmr`c, hm hlflsgtc lstungcr dgbmsmdàc bblvcr uhcpcrc vgnclhfmhtrcr `lomr, cuhqul hlflsgtl prcftgfcrbc. Bc irch vlrncn smkrlpcrc bc 34

 

dgbmsmdàc (y çstl ls uh slfrltm kglh iucrncnm) ls qul tmnm lb `uhnm pulnl lolrflrbc. Bc ghvlstgicfgöh dgbmsödgfc hm ls fmtm vlncnm nl dgbösmdms bgflhfgcnms m ngpbm`cnms: kcstc fmh bc vmbuhtcn nl lhdmfcr lb tl`c lh fulstgöh lh tçr`ghms dgbmsödgfms. Hm acfl dcbtc qul bl pciul c cbiuglh (cuhqul pulnl qul cprlhnc y ngsdrutl nlb lhfulhtrm fmh uh  prmdlsgmhcb  prmdlsg mhcb), ), yc qul fmh uh ghtlrbmfutmr htlrbmfutmr vmbuhtcrg vmbuhtcrgmsm, msm, m ghfbusm hfbusm pmr su fulhtc, pmnrã acflrbm lh su prmpgc fcsc, lh uhc fcdltlràc m, yc pulstms, acstc lh uh flhtrm fm`lrfgcb. Fm`m fmhslolrm dgbmsödgfm smy uh ckmicnm lh nldlhsc nl bms ghtlrlsls nl `gs fbglhtls. @g trckcom fmhsgstl lh cyuncr c bcs plrsmhcs c fm`prlhnlr fmh quç fbcsl nl prmkbl`c sl lhdrlhtch y, `lngchtl lb ngãbmim, nlslh`crcócr y fbcsgdgfcr sus fm`pmhlhtls l g`pbgfcfgmhls. Bls cyunm c lhfmhtrcr bcs `lomrls smbufgmhls? uh lhdmqul dgbmsödgfm fm`pctgkbl fmh su prmpgm sgstl`c nl frllhfgcs y, cb `gs`m tgl`pm, lh fmhsmhchfgc fmh  prghfg  prg hfgpg pgms ms nl sckgnuràc sckgnuràc fmhscircnms fmhscircnms qul fmhtrg fmhtrgkuylh kuylh c bblvcr uhc vgnc vgnc `ãs vgrtumsc vgrtumsc y ldlftgvc. ^rckcom fmh `gs fbglhtls pcrc gnlhtgdgfcr sus frllhfgcs (prmpmhgçhnmbls bc sustgtufgöh nl bcs qul rlsubtch ghÿtgbls) y lxpbmrcr fulstgmhls uhgvlrscbls rlbcfgmhcncs fmh lb vcbmr, lb sgihgdgfcnm y bc çtgfc. ^rckcochnm fmh lstl bgkrm, ustln pulnl cprlhnlr c acflr  bm `gs`m pmr su fulhtc, sg kglh ls pmsgkbl qul bl rlsubtl `ãs prmvlfamsm fmhtcr fmh mtrc  plrsmhc qul quglrc prmduhngzcr prmduhngzcr lh lb `gs`m `gs`m tl`c. Bc `cymr pcrtl nl `gs fbglhtls cfunl c `à pcrc csliurcrsl nl qul sus cftms smh cfmrnls fmh su prmpgc dmr`c nl lhtlhnlr lb `uhnm, y fmhdàc lh `à pcrc qul bls bbc`l bc ctlhfgöh smkrl fucbquglr fmhtrcngffgöh lh bc qul ghfurrch. Lb mkoltm nlb cslsmrc`glhtm dgbmsödgfm ls lb prlslhtl (y bc `grcnc acfgc lb duturm) `ãs qul lb pcscnm, cb fmhtrcrgm nl irch pcrtl nl bcs psgfmtlrcpgcs trcngfgmhcbls. Mtrc ngdlrlhfgc ls qul lb cslsmrc`glhtm dgbmsödgfm tglhnl c nlscrrmbbcrsl c fmrtm pbczm. Fmh cbiuhms fbglhtls hms rluhg`ms lh uhc ÿhgfc slsgöh. Lh `g fcsm, bm `ãs drlfulhtl ls qul trckcol fmh cbiuglh cbiuhcs vlfls nurchtl uh plràmnm nl uhms pmfms `lsls. Lb tgl`pm `ãs bcrim qul al nlngfcnm c uhc  plrsmhc ac sgnm nl fmsc nl uh cóm. uhc slsgöh nl cslsmrc`glhtm dgbmsödgfm ls cbim `ãs qul lb `lrm chãbgsgs nl bcs ngdgfubtcnls sgrvgçhnmsl nl kglh duhncnms drci`lhtms nl bgtlrcturc dgbmsödgfc, cuhqul uh sg`pbl cdmrgs`m lh mfcsgmhls pulnl ngbufgncr lb prmkbl`c `ãs ghtrghfcnm. Ls lb ngãbmim, lb ghtlrfc`kgm nl gnlcs lh sà `gs`m, bm qul rlsubtc tlrcpçutgfm. Lstl bgkrm bl  prmpmrfgmhcrã  prmpmrfg mhcrã tmnc bc ghdmr`cfgöh ghdmr`cfgöh hlflscrgc pcrc qul cfbcrl su prmpgc prmpgc dgbmsmdàc, dgbmsmdàc, csà fm`m uhc iuàc pcrc fmhnufgr su nlbgklrcfgöh ghtlrgmr m lb ngãbmim fmh uh c`gim. Bl lhslócrç bc `chlrc nl slr bm kcstchtl rcngfcb fm`m pcrc fmhsgnlrcr tmncs bcs mpfgmhls, plrm fmh bc sudgfglhtl prunlhfgc pcrc lbligr bc fmrrlftc. ½UBC ½U BC^ ^ ÖH M U [M_CF= [M_CF=   Chtls nl fmhdgcr ÿhgfc`lhtl lh bc dgbmsmdàc pcrc acflr drlhtl c uh prmkbl`c, nlkl csliurcrsl nl qul çstc rlsubtc cprmpgcnc c su sgtucfgöh. Vg lstã `mblstm pmrqul tglhl uhc  pglnrc  pg lnrc lh lb zcpctm, hm hlflsgtc hlflsgtc cslsmrc`glhtm: cslsmrc`glhtm: bm qul nlkl acflr ls qugtcr qugtcr bc pglnrc pglnrc nlb zcpctm. Cuhqul ackbl cflrfc nl bc pglnrc qul tglhl lh lb zcpctm lb pgl oc`ãs bl nlocrã nl nmblr, pmr `ãs l`pctàc qul `ulstrl su ghtlrbmfutmr y fmh ghnlplhnlhfgc nl bc lsfulbc 39

 

tlrcpçutgfc c bc qul çb m lbbc plrtlhlzfc. Bcs plrsmhcs fuyms prmkbl`cs smsplfam qul smh nl hcturcblzc dàsgfc bcs `chnm c prmdlsgmhcbls nl bc `lngfghc m bc psgqugctràc. C cbiuhms mtrms bls slrã tch pmfm ÿtgb Ubctöh fm`m c mtrcs lb Urmzcf. Ackrã quglh prlfgsl prg`lrm lb Urmzcf, y bulim c Ubctöh, m uhc fm`kghcfgöh nl c`kms. @ufacs plrsmhcs qul kusfch cslsmrc`glhtm dgbmsödgfm yc ach pcscnm pmr uhc tlrcpgc qul, lh ÿbtg`c ghstchfgc, bls ac pcrlfgnm pmfm sctgsdcftmrgc, cb `lhms lh cbiuhms csplftms. Bcs plrsmhcs pulnlh scbgr `cb pcrcncs nl uh trctc`glhtm psgfmböigfm m psgqugãtrgfm sg bc rcàz nl su prmkbl`c ls nl fcrãftlr dgbmsödgfm y lb tlrcplutc m lb `çngfm cb qul cfunlh hm bm lhtglhnl csà. Uulnl surigr uh slhtg`glhtm nl nlslsplrcfgöh sg ustln l`pglzc c frllr  qul hcngl slrã fcpcz nl cyuncrbl c rlsmbvlr su prmkbl`c pmrqul hm bl lstãh lsfufachnm fm`m ls nlkgnm. \hc tlrcpgc ghcnlfucnc supmhl uhc pçrngnc nl tgl`pm (lh lb `lomr nl bms fcsms) y pulnl fmhbblvcr uh l`plmrc`glhtm nl bc sgtucfgöh. @ufacs plrsmhcs qul dghcb`lhtl rlfurrlh cb cslsmrc`glhtm dgbmsödgfm sl ach  klhldgfg  klhldg fgcnm cnm prlvgc`lhtl prlvgc`lhtl nlb cslsmrc`g cslsmrc`glhtm lhtm psgfmb psgfmböi öiggfm, plrm fmhsgnlrch fmhsgnlrch qul çstl hm bls  kcstc pmr sà `gs`m. `gs`m. Vgh Vgh nunc, lb pcscnm hms fmhngfgm fmhngfgmhc hc l ghdmr`c lb `mnm lh qul smbl`ms vlr bcs fmscs: nl caà qul lxc`ghcr lb pcscnm pulnl qul rlsubtl prmvlfamsm. Ls  pmsgkb  pmsg kbll qul bc fm`prlhsgöh fm`prlhsgöh nl su prmpgc prmpgc psgfmb psgfmbmi miàc àc slc uhc vcbgmsc vcbgmsc prlpcrcfgöh prlpcrcfgöh pcrc fubtgvcr su prmpgc dgbmsmdàc. ^mnms bblvc`ms uh lqugpcol psgfmböigfm, plrm bgkrcrsl nlb lxflsm qugzã lxgocs cslsmrc`glhtm dgbmsödgfm. Bc gnlc ls vgcocr tch bgilrms nl lqugpcol fm`m slc pmsgkbl. Fmhmflrsl c sà `gs`m (`ltc qul lhdmfch nl dmr`c ngstghtc lb cslsmrc`glhtm psgfmböigfm y lb dgbmsödgfm) hm fmhsgstl lh `l`mrgzcr bc Lhfgfbmplngc nl \stln. Acflr aghfcpgç lh fcnc uhm nl bms nltcbbls, pmr lxqugsgtms qul slch, hm bmirc sghm cu`lhtcr lb lqugpcol lh buicr nl cbgilrcr bc fcric. @ufacs plrsmhcs qul hm tmfcràch uhc psgfmtlrcpgc hg fmh uhc pçrtgic nl trls `ltrms lhfulhtrch ctrcftgvc y cflptckbl bc gnlc nl fmhvlrscr fmh cbiuglh smkrl gnlcs y puhtms nl vgstc. ^chtm sg ustln fmhsgnlrc bc tlrcpgc psgfmböigfc uh trc`pmbàh fm`m sg hm, sg ustln ls furgmsm, lsplfubctgvm, rldblxgvm, chcbàtgfm y lbmfulhtl, pulnl klhldgfgcrsl lh irch `lngnc nlb cslsmrc`glhtm dgbmsödgfm. Nl alfam, fucbquglrc fmh uhc `lhtl ghqugltc lstã prlpcrcnm  pcrc lsl lxc`lh nl bc vgnc qul ls lb mkoltgvm mkoltgvm fm`ÿh nl tmnms bms dgb dgbösmdms. \HC ^L[CUGC UC[C F\L[NMV Lb cslsmrc`glhtm dgbmsödgfm ls, lh pcbckrcs nl `g fmblic fchcnglhsl Ultlr @crfa, «uhc tlrcpgc pcrc fulrnmsº. Vliÿh `g pcrlflr, lstm hms ghfbuyl c tmnms. Umr nlsircfgc, fmh nl`csgcnc drlfulhfgc bc psgfmbmiàc y bc psgqugctràc ach cspgrcnm c fctcbmicr bcs lhdlr`lncnls nl tmnm lb `uhnm, trctchnm nl ngcihmstgfcr c fucbquglrc qul lhtrcrc lh sus fmhsubtcs lh kusfc nlb sàhnrm`l m trcstmrhm qul slràc bc fcusc nl su prmkbl`c. Lh lb bcnm dràvmbm, irch pcrtl nlb plhsc`glhtm Hlw Cil tm`c fm`m prl`gsc qul lb `uhnm (y tmnms bms qul lh çb lstãh) ls tcb fm`m nlklràc slr. Vg kglh lh ilhlrcb nlklràc`ms lsplrcr  slr cflptcnms c plscr nl bc vcrglncn nl gngmsghfrcsgcs y nldlftms qul tmnms tlhl`ms, y  plsl c qul hm lxgstc lxgstc hghi hghiÿh ÿh `mtgvm `mtgvm pcrc vlr lsms nldlftms fm`m cb cbim im chmr`cb (b (bcc  plrdlffgöh  plrdlffg öh ls bm qul fcrlfl nl hmr`cbg hmr`cbgncn), tc`pmfm acy rczöh cbiuhc cbiuhc pcrc ouzicr ouzicr qul lb 31

 

fc`kgm lstç dulrc nl hulstrm cbfchfl. Fuchnm Vöfrctls nlfbcrö qul uhc vgnc sgh rldblxgöh hm `lrlfàc bc plhc slr vgvgnc, ckmickc pmr bc lvcbucfgöh plrsmhcb fmhstchtl y lb lsdulrzm  pmr `lomrcrsl c sà `gs`m fm`m bc `ãs cbtc nl bcs vmfcfg vmfcfgmhls. mhls. ^lhlr prmkbl`cs ls hmr`cb, y bc fmhimoc l`mfgmhcb hm fmhstgtuyl hlflscrgc`lhtl uhc lhdlr`lncn. Bcs plrsmhcs qul bufach pmr acbbcr uhc `chlrc nl fm`prlhnlr y `chlocrsl lh uh `uhnm qul fcnc nàc ls `ãs fm`pblom hm tglhlh pmr quç vlrsl ltgqultcncs fmh uh trcstmrhm, fuchnm bm qul lh rlcbgncn lstãh acfglhnm ls cvchzcr pmr fc`ghms fmhscircnms c bc kÿsqulnc nl uhc vgnc `ãs sctgsdcftmrgc. Lh lstl bgkrm lhfmhtrcrã dmr`cs fmhfrltcs nl cpbgfcr bc dgbmsmdàc cb acflr drlhtl c ngbl`cs `mrcbls: c fmhdbgftms çtgfms lh lb ã`kgtm  prmdlsgmhcb  prmdlsg mhcb:: c ngdg ngdgfub fubtcnls tcnls pcrc rlfmhfgb rlfmhfgbgcr su lxplrglhfg lxplrglhfgcc fmh sus frllhfgcs: frllhfgcs: c fmhdbg fmhdbgftms lhtrl bc rczöh y bc l`mfgöh: c frgsgs nl slhtgnm, prmpösgtm m vcbmrls: c bc kÿsqulnc nl bc gnlhtgncn plrsmhcb: c bcs lstrctligcs qul ls prlfgsm sliugr fm`m pcnrls: c bc chsglncn chtl uh fc`kgm lh su trcylftmrgc prmdlsgmhcb: c bc ghfcpcfgncn pcrc cbfchzcr sus mkoltgvms: c bms fc`kgms nl bc `lngchc lncn: c bms prmkbl`cs lh sus rlbcfgmhls plrsmhcbls: c bc `ulrtl nl uh slr qulrgnm m su prmpgc `mrtcbgncn. Al slblffgmhcnm y lxc`ghcnm nl dmr`c `ghufgmsc bcs sgtucfgmhls vgtcbls `ãs fm`uhls qul lhdrlhtch c bcs plrsmhcs fmh su dgbmsmdàc. Vlc fucb dulrl lb csuhtm qul bl prlmfupl, pmnrã cpbgfcr bcs tçfhgfcs l gnlcs qul sl rlfmilh lh lstcs pãighcs. Cb mrglhtcrbm lh lb usm nl su prmpgc dgbmsmdàc, lb prlslhtl bgkrm acfl `ufam `ãs qul suilrgrbl qul «sl tm`l nms cdmrgs`ms y bbã`l`l pmr bc `cóchcº. Ls uhc iuàc prãftgfc  pcrc bms ngb ngbl`cs `ãs drlfulhtls nl bc vgnc. vgnc. Mdrlfl uh rãpgnm rãpgnm rlpcsm nl bc dg dgbbmsmdàc pcrc quglhls huhfc csgstglrmh (m hm rlfulrnch) bms fursms lbl`lhtcbls, plrm tc`kgçh ls uh rgiurmsm fm`plhngm nl fc`ghms qul fckl sliugr pcrc vgvgr fmh `ãs ghtlirgncn y sctgsdcffgöh. ^rctc smkrl bcs irchnls fulstgmhls fmh bcs qul tmnm lb `uhnm sl tmpc lh bc vgnc y dcfgbgtc bcs rlspulstcs qul nglrmh cbiuhcs nl bcs `lhtls `ãs prgvgbligcncs nl tmnms bms tgl`pms, csà fm`m lstrctligcs qul bl fmhnufgrãh c bc rlspulstc `ãs vcbgmsc pcrc ustln? bc suyc prmpgc. TGVGÖH NL FMHO\H^M Ucrc qul slpc c quç ctlhlrsl, c fmhtghufgöh sl prlslhtc uhc krlvl nlsfrgpfgöh nl bm qul lhfmhtrcrã lh lstl bgkrm. Lh lstc Urg`lrc pcrtl sl nltcbbc bc prãftgfc dgbmsödgfc, bcs dmr`cs nl uscr bc dgbmsmdàc  pcrc cyuncrsl c sà `gs`m `gs`m y bms bà`g à`gtls tls nl bc cutmcyunc. ^rcs lstl fcpàtubm fcpàtubm smkrl bcs vgfgsgtunls qul ac sudrgnm bc dgbmsmdàc tcb fm`m sl ac uscnm (m nlocnm nl uscr) lh lb `uhnm rlcb (y su rlfglhtl rlfuplrcfgöh), lb fcpàtubm ; fmhtl`pbc bms cfglrtms y bms puhtms nçkgbls nl bc psgfmbmiàc y bc psgqugctràc y fm`pcrc ngstghtcs fbcsls nl tlrcpgcs. Lb fcpàtubm 6 prlslhtc bms fghfm pcsms nlb prmflsm ULCFL  («pczº, lh ghibçs) pcrc lhdrlhtcrsl c bms  prmkbl`cs  prmkb l`cs fmh cftg cftgtun tun dgb dgbmsödgfc. msödgfc. Lb fcpàtubm fcpàtubm > mdrlfl uh krlvl rlpcsm smkrl cb cbiu iuhms hms dgbösmdms fuycs gnlcs smh rlblvchtls lh `g bckmr fm`m cslsmr, fmh mkoltm nl  prmpmrfgmhcrb  prmpmrfg mhcrbll fglrtc plrsplftg plrsplftgvc vc agstörgfc. agstörgfc. Fcnc uhm nl bms fcpàtubms nl bc Vliuhnc pcrtl sl flhtrc lh uhm nl bms prmkbl`cs `ãs 37

 

fm`uhls qul sulblh pbchtlcrsl c bms cslsmrls dgbmsödgfms, `ulstrc fö`m bms ckmrnc bc dgbmsmdàc y bl mrglhtc lh bc cpbgfcfgöh nlb plhsc`glhtm dgbmsödgfm lh bcs sgtucfgmhls qul bl ctcólh plrsmhcb`lhtl. Bms lstungms nl fcsms rlcbls lstãh scbpgfcnms nl lxpbgfcfgmhls smkrl bcs prghfgpcbls lsfulbcs nl plhsc`glhtm y bcs tlmràcs dgbmsödgfcs `ãs nlstcfcncs, c dgh nl prmpmrfgmhcr uhc ic`c nl mpfgmhls c lbligr chtl fcnc uhc nl bcs sgtucfgmhls `ãs ackgtucbls. Çstcs smh bcs alrrc`glhtcs qul ustln hlflsgtc pcrc lxc`ghcr su prmpgc vgnc. Bc ^lrflrc pcrtl c`pbàc bc plrsplftgvc `ãs cbbã nlb cslsmrc`glhtm dgbmsödgfm y fmhtl`pbc lb lolrfgfgm nl bc dgbmsmdàc lh vcrgms irupms y mrichgzcfgmhls. Lb tçr`ghm  prãftgfc  prãftg fc dgb dgbmsödgfc msödgfc fm`prlhnl trls tgpms tgpms nl cftgvg cftgvgncn ncn prmdlsgmhcb prmdlsgmhcb?? lb cslsmrc`glhtm cslsmrc`glhtm c fbglhtls ghngvgnucbls, c ngstghtcs fbcsls nl irupms y c mrichgzcfgmhls nl ngdlrlhtl àhnmbl. Nl caà qul fcnc fmhslolrm dgbmsödgfm prlslhtl uh plrdgb nltlr`ghcnm. Cbiuhms fmhslolrms sl lsplfgcbgzch lh uh tgpm nl prãftgfc: mtrms lxtglhnlh sus cftgvgncnls c `ãs nl uhm. Cuhqul lstl bgkrm sl flhtrc lh lb cslsmrc`glhtm ghngvgnucb, bcs mtrcs fbcsls nl prãftgfc tc`kgçh smh g`pmrtchtls y ngihcs nl `lhfgöh lh lstcs pãighcs. Bms ghngvgnums qul trckcoch fmh irupms pulnlh scfcr prmvlfam nl tcbls lhfulhtrms, y ls pmsgkbl qul bcs mrichgzcfgmhls sl klhldgfglh nl bc `gs`c fbcsl nl cutmlxc`lh y cfbcrcfgöh dgbmsödgfc qul cyunc c bms ghngvgnums y bms irupms. Dghcb`lhtl, lh bc Fucrtc pcrtl, bc bgstc nl rlfursms cngfgmhcbls bl prmpmrfgmhc `ufac ghdmr`cfgöh supbl`lhtcrgc. Lb cpçhngfl C prlslhtc uhc bgstc nl dgbösmdms y sus `lomrls mkrcs. Lb cpçhngfl K lhu`lrc mrichgzcfgmhls nl cslsmrc`glhtm dgbmsödgfm nl Lstcnms \hgnms y lb lxtrcholrm. Lb cpçhngfl F ls uh ngrlftmrgm hcfgmhcb l ghtlrhcfgmhcb nl fmhslolrms dgbmsödgfms. Lb cpçhngfl N lxpmhl uhc slblffgöh nl blfturcs fm`pbl`lhtcrgcs smkrl prãftgfc dgbmsödgfc y tl`cs cdghls. Lb cpçhngfl L bl lhslóc c utgbgzcr lb Wgoghi,  uhc dulhtl plrlhhl nl sckgnuràc dgbmsödgfc qul pulnl fmhsubtcr pmr su fulhtc. Lstl bgkrm rlsubtc `ufam `ãs ngnãftgfm qul uhc slsgöh ghngvgnucb nl cslsmrc`glhtm dgbmsödgfm. Fmh uh fmhslolrm dgbmsödgfm, uhc slsgöh pulnl sliugr trls nlrrmtlrms ngstghtms. Vl pulnl nlkctgr su prmkbl`c lh tçr`ghms ilhlrcbls, sgh `lhfgöh nl hghiÿh dgbösmdm m dgbmsmdàc fmhfrltms. Vl trctc nl bc fbcsl nl fmhvlrscfgöh qul, fmh tmnc sliurgncn, `chtlhnràc fmh uh c`gim, föhyuil, pcrglhtl, fc`crlrm m tcxgstc, y c vlfls ls bc `lomr  `chlrc nl ckmrncr lb csuhtm lh fulstgöh. \stln pglhsc pmr sà `gs`m, l`pblchnm sus dcfubtcnls fràtgfcs y chcbàtgfcs, rlfurrglhnm c bcs gnlcs qul tglhl smkrl sà `gs`m, y fmhvlrschnm dgbmsödgfc`lhtl sgh ghtlhtcr cnmptcr c fmhfglhfgc uhc cftgtun dgbmsödgfc. Mtrm nlrrmtlrm ackgtucb lh uhc slsgöh nl cslsmrc`glhtm fmhsgstl lh qul lb fbglhtl pgnc uhcs lhslóchzcs dgbmsödgfcs lsplfàdgfcs. Lh lstc vcrgchtl, ustln qugzãs acyc rlghvlhtcnm uh pbchtlc`glhtm dgbmsödgfm y bl trchqugbgfl scklr qul cbiuglh yc sl ac cnlhtrcnm lh lsl tlrrgtmrgm fmh chtlrgmrgncn. Lhtrcr uh pmfm lh fmhtcftm fmh bcs lsfulbcs nl plhsc`glhtm trcngfgmhcbls tcb vlz bl cyunl c ctcr fckms m c bblhcr lspcfgms lh kbchfm, cuhqul su fmhslolrm hm cfmstu`krcrã ncrbl uhc ngsqugsgfgöh fm`pbltc smkrl fcnc tl`c, c hm slr qul ustln sl bc pgnc. Lxgstl uhc tlrflrc cbtlrhctgvc `ãs nurc pcrc quglhls yc ach ghncicnm lh sus prmkbl`cs nl lstc `chlrc plrm tglhlh ghtlrçs lh sliugr cnlbchtl. Lstm fmhbblvc uh fm`prm`gsm `cymr y ls pmsgkbl qul bl rl`gtch c mtrm fmhslolrm m c lxpbmrcr bc kgkbgmtlrcpgc, ;5

 

ckmrnchnm nl pblhm nltlr`ghcnms tlxtms dgbmsödgfms. Sugzã bl acyc rlsubtcnm ÿtgb uh puhtm nl vgstc kungstc y quglrc cprlhnlr `ãs smkrl bc prãftgfc nlb _lh. M qugzã bl cyuncrc uhc gnlc nl Crgstötlbls y nlsll camhncr lh su sgstl`c çtgfm. Lstc fbcsl nl trckcom pulnl bblvcrbl c ckrczcr mtrms tl`cs nl uh `mnm `ãs fmhfglhzunm qul bc `lrc lxplrglhfgc nl trckcocr smkrl uh prmkbl`c fmhfrltm, plrm hm ls `ãs qul uhc mpfgöh y, sgh nunc, hm slrã bc cnlfucnc pcrc tmnm lb `uhnm. Ulsl c qul lb lolrfgfgm nl `g prmdlsgöh ckcrfc lstms trls pbchtlc`glhtms, lstl bgkrm gb gbustrc ustrc prghfg prghfgpcb`lhtl pcb`lhtl lb sliuhnm.  Hcngll lsplrc qul tlhic  Hcng tlhic fmhmfg`g fmhmfg`glhtms lhtms fmhfrltms nl dg dgbbmsmdàc: lsm fmrrl nl `g fulhtc. Vu tcrlc fmhsgstl lh dmr`ubcr lb prmkbl`c y lstcr ngspulstm c ghvlstgicrbm nlsnl uh puhtm nl vgstc dgbmsödgfm. Lb ngãbmim (slc ghtlrgmr m lxtlrgmr) rlsubtchtl bl slrã nl irch cyunc pcrc ghtlrprltcr, rlsmbvlr m ckmrncr fucbquglr csuhtm qul bl ctcóc. Hm smy uh `çngu` qul vcyc c pmhlrbl lh fmhtcftm fmh dgbösmdms nlb pcscnm, sghm bc iuàc pcrc cnlhtrcrsl lh sus gnlcs, sgstl`cs y pmsturcs. Lh fuchtm bms acyc fmhmfgnm, bl prlstcrãh uh kulh slrvgfgm  pcrc `chlocr fucb f ucbqug quglr lr sgtucfg sgtucfgöh öh qul suroc lh su fc`ghm.  Hms lhfmhtrc`ms fmh qul hg bc bc fglhfgc fglhfgc hg bc rlbg rlbgiigöh göh pulnlh rlspmhnlr c tmncs hulstrcs  prliuhtcs.  prli uhtcs. Lb psgfmtlrcplutc dgb dgbmsödgfm msödgfm Tgftmr Drchjb cnvgrgtö cnvgrgtö qul lstl alfam fmhnufàc c uh «vcfàm lxgstlhfgcbº y qul bc ilhtl fmrrglhtl hlflsgtckc uhc hulvc vàc nl scbgnc? Fcnc vlz sl cimbpch `ãs pcfglhtls lh hulstrcs fbàhgfcs y fmhsubtmrgms quloãhnmsl nl vcfàm ghtlrgmr, nl bc slhscfgöh nl uhc cksmbutc y nldghgtgvc dcbtc nl slhtgnm lh sus vgncs. Umnl`ms nldghgr lb vcfàm lxgstlhfgcb fm`m bc drustrcfgöh nl bm qul fckl fmhsgnlrcr bc dulrzc `mtgvcnmrc `ãs lbl`lhtcb nlb am`krl, c bc qul  pmnràc`ms bbc`cr bbc`cr Z...P Z. ..P bc vmbuhtcn nl sgih sgihggdgfcr. dgfcr. Drchjb usö bc drcsl «vmbuhtcn nl sgihgdgfcrº pcrc l`pcrlocr nms nl bcs gnlcs fbcvl nl bc  psgfmb  psg fmbmi miàc? àc? bc « vmbuhtcn vmbuhtcn nl pmnlrº nl Cnblr nblr y bc «vmb « vmbuhtcn uhtcn nl pbcflrº pbcflrº nl Drlun. Camrc Camrc  kglh,  kg lh, tcb fm`m Drchjb prlvgö, prlvgö, ackàc cbi cbim cÿh `ãs prmduhnm lh lb `lmbbm `lmbbm nlb prmkbl`c prmkbl`c duhnc`lhtcb nl bcs plrsmhcs, y bms trctc`glhtms `çngfms, psgfmböigfms y lspgrgtucbls lxgstlhtls hm gkch kcstcr pcrc cbgvgcrbm. Aukm gncn uh tgl`pm qulcutmrgncn ngrgiàc`ms hulstrcs  prli  prliuhtcs uhtcs smkrl lb cslhtgnm slhtg nm nl bc vgnc vg nc y bc `mrcbg `mrcb c uhc ulhmtrc cutmrg ncn trcngfg trcng fgmhcb mhcb,,  plrm ngfacs ngfacs cutmrg cutmrgncnls ncnls sl ach vlhgnm vlhgnm ckcom. Fcnc vlz acy `ãs plrsmhcs qul hm sl fmhdmr`ch fmh cflptcr pcsgvc`lhtl bms ngftcnms nmi`ãtgfms nl uhc nlgncn ghlsfrutckbl m bcs dràcs lstcnàstgfcs nl uhc fglhfgc smfgcb g`prlfgsc. Hulstrms `ãs prmduhnms ghtlrrmichtls sgiulh sgh rlspulstc. Ulmr cÿh, hg sgquglrc rldblxgmhc`ms smkrl hulstrcs frllhfgcs. Bc cbtlrhctgvc rlsgnl lh bc prãftgfc nl bc dgbmsmdàc. Ac bblicnm lb `m`lhtm nl uhc hulvc dmr`c nl vlr bcs fmscs, y lsc hulvc dmr`c qul lh bc prlslhtl mkrc sl nlsfrgkl ls, nl alfam, uh `çtmnm chtgium, mbvgncnm nurchtl `ufam tgl`pm y rlfmrncnm acfl pmfm. Cb cnlhtrcrhms lh lb hulvm `gblhgm, al`ms flrrcnm lb fàrfubm.

;3

 

 Hm nlocrl`ms nl lx lxpb pbmrcr  mrcr  W lb dghcb nl bc lxpbmrcfgöh slrã Bblicr cb puhtm nl pcrtgnc W fmhmflr lb sgtgm pmr prg`lrc vlz. ^. V. LBGM^

;;

 

; ^lrcpgcs, tlrcpgcs pmr tmncs pcrtls, y hg plhscr lh plhscr Chtl cbiuhcs mpghgmhls lxtrcócs qul ach scbgnm c bc buz, pmr lqugvmfcfgöh m fmh cbiÿh `mtgvm mfubtm Z...P bms dgbösmdms sl ach vgstm dmrzcnms c nldlhnlr bc vlrncn nl tcbls `chgdglstms m c hlicr bc lxgstlhfgc nl fmscs `cb fmhflkgncs. @CG@ÖHGNLV

Z... P Bc hmfgöh nl lhdlr`lncn `lhtcb sl l`pblc amy lh nàc smkrl tmnm pcrc fmhduhngr y «oustgdgfcr aãkgb`lhtlº bms prmkbl`cs lxgstlhtls lh bcs rlbcfgmhls plrsmhcbls y smfgcbls, tcb fm`m bc hmfgöh nl kruolràc dul utgbgzcnc fmh lb `gs`m dgh nlsnl fm`glhzms nl bc Lncn @lngc acstc kcstchtl nlspuçs nlb [lhcfg`glhtm. ^AM@CV V_CV_

 Hmrtlc`çrgfc sl ac fmhvlrtg fmhvlrtgnm nm lh uhc smfglncn smfglncn tlrcpçutgfc. tlrcpçutgfc. M `lomr cÿh, «tlrcplutgzcncº. Fcnc nàc smh `ãs bms qul fulbich uhc pbcfc lh bc pulrtc nl su fmhsubtc,  plrm lh bm rldlrlhtl c bcs fucbgdgfcfg fucbgdgfcfgmhls mhls rlqulrgncs rlqulrgncs (sg ls qul bcs acy) pcrc fmhsgnlrcrsl fmhsgnlrcrsl tlrcplutc, çstcs vcràch nl cfulrnm fmh bcs blyls lstctcbls, `cs hm lh lslhfgc. Vulbtl uh «@g tlrcplutc ngfl... º lh uhc rlflpfgöh, y vlrã fm`m hm bmirc cócngr uhc smbc pcbckrc nurchtl lb rlstm nl bc fmhvlrscfgöh, yc qul tmnms bms nl`ãs sl cdchcrãh lh fmhtcr bm qul ngfl su tlrcplutc rlsplftgvm. Fuchnm lb prlsgnlhtl Fbghtmh fmhvmfö c su ickghltl pcrc qul trctcrc nl smbufgmhcr lb lsfãhncbm qul lhsm`krlfàc su `chnctm, bms `gl`krms hm bm nlsfrgkglrmh cb Ycsaghitmh Umst  fm`m   fm`m uhc rluhgöh nl lstrctligc m uh `gtgh pmbàtgfm, sghm fm`m uhc «slsgöh nl lhfulhtrmº. Bms fc`crlrms, bms tcxgstcs, su `lomr c`gim, su `cnrl y lb rlstm nl sus fmhmfgnms sgl`prl tglhlh c `chm cbiÿh fmhslom fucsgpsgfmböigfm pcrc rl`lngcr tmnms y fcnc uhm nl sus plscrls. Bms lstchtls nl «cutmcyuncº nl su agplr`lrfcnm ackgtucb pcrlflh hm tlhlr dgh. Bcs tlrtubgcs tlblvgsgvcs dulrmh pgmhlrcs lh cpmrtcr rlvlbcfgmhls gh`lngctcs nl bm `ãs suplrdgfgcb smkrl fucbquglr dcfltc nlb fm`pmrtc`glhtm au`chm. Ghfbusm camrc, fuchnm lb iugöh nl tcbls prmirc`cs pcrlfl l`plócnm lh prmvmfcr lhdrlhtc`glhtms c puóltczm bg`pgm lhtrl bms ghvgtcnms, sgh nunc cpcrlflrã lh pchtcbbc uh tlrcplutc nl cbiuhc fbcsl, oustm chtls nl qul pcslh bms rötubms nl frçngtm, pcrc chg`cr c bc cunglhfgc c rlsmbvlr bms fmhdbgftms nl uhc dmr`c `ãs fgvgbgzcnc. Ls uh `gbcirm qul bc pmkbcfgöh smkrlvgvc cb `ls nl cimstm, fuchnm tmnms bms tlrcplutcs lstãh nl vcfcfgmhls. Lstl dlhö`lhm sl ac prmbmhicnm nurchtl vcrgcs nçfcncs, `cs hm pcrlfl qul acyc`ms ;6

 

cprlhngnm `ufam, yc qul bc nl`chnc nl cyunc c hulstrc scbun `lhtcb y l`mfgmhcb hm ac ngs`ghugnm. Bc ctlhfgöh psgqugãtrgfc m lb cslsmrc`glhtm psgfmböigfm nl kulhc fcbgncn  pulnlh fmhstg fmhstgtug tugrr uh cpmym vcbg vcbgmsm y ldgfcz pcrc smbufg smbufgmhcr mhcr `ufacs fb fbcsls csls nl trcstmrhms  plrsmhcbls.  plrsmhcb ls. Camrc kglh, kglh, c`kcs ngsfg ngsfgpb pbgghcs (fm`m tmncs bcs ngsfg ngsfgpb pbgghcs) tglhlh tglhlh uh cb cbfchfl fchfl bg`gtcnm y, lh fmhslfulhfgc, hm pulnlh prmpmrfgmhcr rlsubtcnms fm`pbltms m nurcnlrms  pcrc tmnm lb `uhnm, hg sgquglrc sgquglrc pcrc `ufacs nl bcs plrsmhcs qul lh prghfgpg prghfgpgmm scfch kulh  prmvlfam nl lbbcs. lbbcs. Uuls U uls fmh lbbcs lbbcs hm kcstc. Lb cslsmrc`glhtm dgbmsödgfm tc`pmfm pulnl cpbgfcrsl c tmnm y ls prlfgsm qul c vlfls rlfm`glhnl csgstlhfgc psgqugãtrgfc m psgfmböigfc c cbiuhms nl `gs fbglhtls, fm`m fm`pbl`lhtm, lh sustgtufgöh nl uh chãbgsgs dgbmsödgfm nl su sgtucfgöh, m fm`m pcsm prlvgm c çstl. Hm mkstchtl, lb cslsmrc`glhtm dgbmsödgfm ls, fmh `ufam, lb qul mdrlfl uhc `cymr  vcrglncn nl lhdmquls prãftgfms y nurcnlrms nl bms prmkbl`cs `ãs fm`uhls qul bblvch c bcs plrsmhcs c plngr cyunc, y mkvgc`lhtl bblhc bms lspcfgms lh kbchfm qul nloch mtrcs fbcsls nl cslsmrc`glhtm. Lstl fcpàtubm lxc`ghc bc utgbgncn y bcs bg`gtcfgmhls nl bc  psgfmb  psg fmbmi miàc àc y bc psgqugct psgqugctràc ràc y `ulstrc ` ulstrc lb sgtg sgtgmm qul mfupc bc dgbmsmdàc dgbmsmdàc lh lstl fc`pm. \HC UC[^GNC NL COLN[L_  Bc `ltãdmrc nl bc pcrtgnc nl colnrlz (ghspgrcnc pmr `g fmblic, lb fmhslolrm dgbmsödgfm [ch Bcacv) gbustrc bcs ngdlrlhfgcs lhtrl bms pbchtlc`glhtms psgfmböigfm, psgfmchcbàtgfm,  psgqug  psg qugãtrg ãtrgfm fm y dgbmsödg dgbmsödgfm fm nlb cslsmrc`glhtm. cslsmrc`glhtm. g`ciàhlsl g`ciàhlsl qul lstã lh pblhc pcrtgnc pcrtgnc nl colnrlz y qul cfckc nl ldlftucr uh `mvg`glhtm. \hc psgfmtlrcplutc bl prliuhtc? «½Suç bl ac bblvcnm c acflr lstl `mvg`glhtm=º «Kulhm, qulràc fm`lr`l bc tmrrlº, fmhtlstc ustln, sgh scklr cnöhnl quglrl gr c pcrcr. @cs lbbc sliugrã acfgçhnmbl prliuhtcs pcrc acbbcr bc supulstc fcusc psgfmböigfc nl ngfam `mvg`glhtm, fmhvlhfgnc nl qul bc lxpbgfcfgöh sl mfubtc trcs bc drcsl «Sulràc fm`lr`l bc tmrrlº, y qugzãs ustln tlr`ghl pmr fmhtcrbl tmnc bc agstmrgc nl su vgnc pcrc sctgsdcflr sus supmsgfgmhls. \hc tlmràc psgfmböigfc qul tuvm irch prlngfc`lhtm y qul camrc ls mkoltm nl fràtgfcs dlrmfls ackràc suilrgnm qul su fm`pmrtc`glhtm cirlsgvm cftucb „qulrlr  fm`lrsl bc tmrrl„ slràc drutm nl cbiuhc drustrcfgöh nlb pcscnm. \h psgfmchcbgstc bl dmr`ubc bc `gs`c prliuhtc? «½Suç bl ac bblvcnm c acflr lstl `mvg`glhtm=º Fuchnm ustln fmhtlstc «Kulhm, qulràc fm`lr`l bc tmrrlº, çb cirlicrã? «@uy ghtlrlschtl. Camrc nàic`l quç ls bm qul bl ac g`pubscnm c nlfgr qul lsm ls bm qul bl ac mkbgicnm c acflr lsl `mvg`glhtm.º Uulnl qul çb vulbvc c smhscfcrbl tmnc bc agstmrgc nl su vgnc, m pmr bm `lhms bms fcpàtubms rldlrlhtls c bms prg`lrms cóms. Vg cuh csà hm sl nc pmr sctgsdlfam, tcb vlz bl prmpmhic cbiuhcs rczmhls qul ustln tlhàc plrm nl bcs qul hm lrc fmhsfglhtl, rl`mhtãhnmsl c su `ãs tglrhc ghdchfgc. \hc tlmràc psgfmchcbàtgfc qul sgiul vgilhtl c plscr nl slr nurc`lhtl frgtgfcnc ackràc suilrgnm qul su fm`pmrtc`glhtm  pmslsgvm  pmslsg vm „qulrlr fm`lrsl bc tmrrl„ ls drutm nl uhc ghsliurg hsliurgncn ncn rlprg`gn rlprg`gncc qul tlhnràc su mrgilh lh lb nlstltl. \hc psgqugctrc tc`kgçh bl prliuhtc? «½Suç bl ac alfam acflr lstl `mvg`glhtm=º W ustln vulbvl c rlspmhnlr? «Kulhm, qulràc fm`lr`l bc tmrrl.º Lhtmhfls bc psgqugctrc ;>

 

fmhsubtc bc ÿbtg`c lngfgöh ngspmhgkbl nlb  Ngcihmstg  Ngcihmstgff chn Vtctgstgfcb Vtctgstg fcb @chucb   (NV@, @chucb nl lstcnàstgfc y ngcihöstgfm) acstc qul lhfulhtrc lb trcstmrhm nl bc plrsmhcbgncn qul sl cnlfuc `lomr c bms sàhtm`cs qul ustln prlslhtc. ¡Ca!, cquà lstã? «^rcstmrhm cirlsgvmpmslsgvm nl bc plrsmhcbgncn.º \hc tlmràc psgqugãtrgfc qul sgiul vgilhtl cuhqul fcnc vlz ls `ãs flhsurckbl ackràc ngcihmstgfcnm su fm`pmrtc`glhtm fm`m lb sàhtm`c nl uhc lhdlr`lncn flrlkrcb, y ustln ackràc rlfgkgnm bc `lngfcfgöh cprmpgcnc pcrc lbg`ghcr  lsl prlsuhtm sàhtm`c. Lh fc`kgm, uh fmhslolrm dgbmsödgfm `ãs kglh bl prliuhtcràc? «Suç slhtgnm, prmpösgtm m vcbmr tglhl lstl `mvg`glhtm pcrc ustln lh lstl `m`lhtm=º, y «½Suç rlbcfgöh tglhl fmh su sgiuglhtl `mvg`glhtm=º, y «½Fö`m nlsfrgkgràc ustln su pmsgfgöh ilhlrcb lh lstc  pcrtgnc  pcrtg nc y fö`m frll qul pmnràc `lomrcrbc=º `lomrcrbc=º.. Lb dgbösmdm dgbösmdm fmhtl`pbc fmhtl`pbc su `mvg `mvg`g `glhtm lhtm hm fm`m lb `lrm ldlftm nl uhc fcusc chtlrgmr, sghm fm`m cbim sgihgdgfctgvm lh lb fmhtlxtm cftucb nl bc prmpgc pcrtgnc, y tc`kgçh fm`m uhc pmsgkbl fcusc nl ldlftms duturms. Lb dgbösmdm rlfmhmflrã su bgkrl cbklnràm lh bms `mvg`glhtms qul ldlftÿl y lstg`crã bc fcusc nlb `mvg`glhtm lblignm fmhdgrgçhnmbl tmnc bc g`pmrtchfgc qul rlvgstc, plrm hm pmr lbbm bc fmhvlrtgrã lh lb puhtm fbcvl nl bc fulstgöh qul bl prlmfupc. Lh `g mpghgöh, ls `ufam `ãs scbunckbl vgvgr bc vgnc qul fcvcr fmhstchtl`lhtl lh  kusfc nl sus rcàfls. Vg fcnc nàc sl fcvcrc c bc `ãs rlsgstlhtl rlsgstlhtl nl bcs pbchtcs, pbchtcs, çstc oc`ãs bblicràc c prmsplrcr, pmr `ãs ckmhm qul cirlicrc cb ciuc nl rglim. Bc vgnc hm ls uhc lhdlr`lncn. \stln hm pulnl fc`kgcr lb pcscnm. Lb cslsmrc`glhtm dgbmsödgfm pcrtl nl lstcs prl`gscs fmh lb ãhg`m nl cyuncr c bcs plrsmhcs c nlscrrmbbcr dmr`cs prmnuftgvcs nl vlr lb `uhnm, y pmr fmhsgiuglhtl c trczcr uh pbch ilhlrcb nl cftucfgöh lh bc vgnc fmtgngchc. BC VLUC[CFGÖH LH^[L DGBMVMDÀC, UVGS\GC^[ÀC W UVGFMBMIÀC Bc dgbmsmdàc y bc fglhfgc fmhstgtuàch chtcóm uhc smbc mfupcfgöh. Crgstötlbls lstungö cstrmhm`àc y zmmbmiàc cnl`ãs `X nl böigfc y çtgfc. [mklrt Kmybl (lb nlsfukrgnmr nl bc bly qul bblvc nl uh tl`plrcturc ls ghvlrsc`lhtl  prmpmrfg  prmpmrfgmhcb mhcb csubchm`krl? prlsg prlsgöh) öh)lbslvmbu`lh ackràc nldghgnm nldghg nmics, c sà c`gs`m fm`m «dgb «fmhstchtl, dgbösmdm ösmdm lxplrg`lhtcb lxplrg `lhtcbºº lh su furràfubu`. Bc bly nl bc ircvlncn bc nlsfukrgö lb dgbösmdm hcturcbgstc Gsccf Hlwtmh, y bc lvmbufgöh nl bcs lsplfgls lb dgbösmdm hcturcbgstc Facrbls Ncrwgh. Bms dgbösmdms fm`m lbbms sl nlngfckch c prmkcr y `lngr lb `uhnm qul bms rmnlckc, prmflsm qul sl ghgfgö c `mnm nl c`pbgcfgöh nlb tàpgfm «½Fö`m duhfgmhc lb `uhnm=º qul smbàch prliuhtcrsl bms dgbösmdms. Chtls nl bc rlvmbufgöh fglhtàdgfc nlb sgibm QTGG,  sus puhtms nl vgstc rlsplftgvms bms uhàch `ãs qul bms slpcrckch. Dghcb`lhtl, bc fglhfgc y bc dgbmsmdàc sgiuglrmh fc`ghms ngvlrilhtls, y bc `lngfghc mffgnlhtcb (trcs sgibms nl lstcr lh `chms nl facrbctchls, kcrklrms, drlhöbmims y vlhnlnmrls nl cflgtl nl slrpglhtl) sl cbgö fmh bc fglhfgc. Bc psgqugctràc lvmbufgmhö fm`m uhc rc`c nl bc `lngfghc prg`gilhgc lh lb sgibm QTGGG  y sl lstckblfgö fm`m tcb nurchtl lb QQ,  c pcrtgr nl Drlun. Bc `lngfghc sgiul sglhnm uh lqugbgkrgm lhtrl fglhfgc y crtl? lsfãhlrls ^CF y `ufam tcftm fmh bms lhdlr`ms, qug`gmtlrcpgc y tçfhgfcs nl ;<

 

vgsucbgzcfgöh, lblftrmfcrngmirc`cs y sliuhncs mpghgmhls. Lb psgmfchãbgsgs drlungchm y tmncs sus vlrsgmhls nlscrrmbbcncs pmr ngsfàpubms ngsgnlhtls Ouhi, Cnblr, [lgfa, Kurrmw y Amrhly, lhtrl mtrms) sl ach fmhvlrtgnm `ãs qul hcnc lh uhc rlbgigöh fgs`ãtgfc. Bms  psgfmchcb  psg fmchcbggstcs sli sliug ugnmrls nmrls nl Drlun y Ouhi lstãh tch lhdrlhtcnms y sl prmdlsch tchtc amstgbgncn fm`m bms ounàms ubtrcmrtmnmxms y bms rlfmhstruffgmhgstcs, bms frgstgchms fctöbgfms y bms prmtlstchtls, m bms `usub`chls suhgtcs y bms faggtcs. Hm ls prlfgsm acklrsl nmftmrcnm lh `lngfghc pcrc slr psgfmchcbgstc: kcstc fmh cnalrgrsl (c tmnc fmstc) c uhc nmftrghc nmftrg hc lh fmhfrltm. Cnl`ãs, bc dgbmsmdàc nl Drlun c prmpösgtm nl bc psgqugctràc lrc qul tmnms bms trcstmrhms `lhtcbls (bm qul çb bbc`ö hlurmsgs y psgfmsgs) lh ÿbtg`c ghstchfgc sl lxpbgfcràch lh tçr`ghms dàsgfms. Lh mtrcs pcbckrcs, plhsckc qul tmnc lhdlr`lncn `lhtcb lrc fcuscnc pmr  uhc lhdlr`lncn flrlkrcb. W caà ls acfgc nmhnl sl ac ngrgignm bc psgqugctràc `mnlrhc. Fucbquglr fm`pmrtc`glhtm g`cighckbl pulnl tlr`ghcr mfupchnm su buicr lh lb NV@, nmhnl slrã ngcihmstgfcnm fm`m sàhtm`c nl uhc supulstc lhdlr`lncn `lhtcb. Cuhqul bc `cymràc nl lstcs prltlhngncs lhdlr`lncnls `lhtcbls qul dgiurch lh lb NV@ oc`ãs sl acyc pmngnm nl`mstrcr qul lstãh fcuscncs pmr uhc lhdlr`lncn flrlkrcb, bc ghnustrgc dcr`cfçutgfc y bms psgqugctrcs qul rlfltch sus `lngfc`lhtms ghsgstlh lh gnlhtgdgfcr tchtcs «lhdlr`lncnls `lhtcblsº fm`m slc pmsgkbl. ½Umr quç= Umr bcs rczmhls nl sgl`prl?  pmnlr y nghlrm. Tlc`ms quç bl pcrlflh bms sgiuglhtls nctms. Lh 37>;, bc bgstc nl trcstmrhms nlb NV@-G fmhstckc nl 33; lhtrcncs. Lh 3741, lb NV@-GG rlfmiàc 346 trcstmrhms. Lh 3715, lb NV@-GGG bgstckc ;;>. Bc ÿtg`c lngfgöh, lb NV@-GT nl 377>, cbfchzc bms 69>. Nurchtl bc nçfcnc nl bms mfalhtc, bms psgqugctrcs fmhsgnlrckch qul uhm nl fcnc nglz lstcnmuhgnlhsls pcnlfàc uhc lhdlr`lncn `lhtcb. Lh bc nçfcnc nl bms hmvlhtc, yc ackbckch nl uhm nl fcnc nms. Urmhtm tmnc bc pmkbcfgöh lstcrã lhdlr`c, fmh uhc ÿhgfc, cuhqul mkvgc, lxflpfgöh? bms psgqugctrcs. Uuls lbbms smh fcpcfls nl acbbcr sàhtm`cs nl «lhdlr`lncn `lhtcbº lh fucbquglrc, y bl rlfltcrãh tmncs bcs `lngfghcs qul su fm`pcóàc nl sliurms lstç ngspulstc c pcicr. Vg kglh ls fglrtm qul cbiuhcs plrsmhcs hlflsgtch `lngfcfgöh m slr rlfbugncs lh flhtrms  psgqug  psg qugãtrg ãtrgfms fms pcrc lvgtcr lvgtcr qul sl acich acich ncóm c sà `gs`cs `gs`cs m cb pröog`m, lh hghi hghiÿh ÿh fcsm su hÿ`lrm slrã lb nl uhm nl fcnc nms lstcnmuhgnlhsls, hg nl fcnc nglz, hg nl fcnc fglh. Lh bc `cymr pcrtl nl bms fcsms, bc ghdlbgfgncn plrsmhcb, bms fmhdbgftms nl irupm, bc nlsfmrtlsàc g`plrchtl, bc prm`gsfugncn nlsfcrcnc, bcs mbcs nl frà`lhls y bcs mriàcs nl vgmblhfgc hm smh prmnuftm nl uhc smfglncn `lhtcb`lhtl lhdlr`c, sghm nl uh sgstl`c qul (cb fcrlflr  nl uh imkglrhm vgsgmhcrgm y nl bc vgrtun dgbmsödgfc) ac plr`gtgnm l ghfbusm dm`lhtcnm qul bc smfglncn tlr`ghcrc pcnlfglhnm uh trcstmrhm `mrcb. Cuhqul bc `cymràc nl dgbösmdms ac iucrncnm sgblhfgm c lstl rlsplftm, bms fmhslolrms dgbmsödgfms pulnlh fmhtrgkugr c rlstcurcr  lb mrnlh `mrcb (y fmh çb, bc «scbun `lhtcbº) pcrc pcbgcr bc prmduhnc nls`mrcbgzcfgöh nl bms fguncnchms. Lb mrnlh `mrcb hm ls uh `lngfc`lhtm, plrm tglhl uhms ldlftms slfuhncrgms `crcvgbbmsms. Bc psgfmbmiàc hm cpcrlfgö fm`m fc`pm nl lstungm nl pblhm nlrlfam acstc 3197, fuchnm Ygbalb` Yuhnt duhnö lb prg`lr bckmrctmrgm nl psgfmbmiàc. Acstc lhtmhfls, lb tgpm ;4

 

nl mkslrvcfgmhls y bms puhtms nl vgstc qul csmfgc`ms c bc psgfmbmiàc lrch dlunm nl bms dgbösmdms. ghfbusm nlspuçs nl qul bc psgfmbmiàc fmkrcrc uh plsm g`pmrtchtl, bc dgbmsmdàc y bc psgfmbmiàc sgiuglrmh sglhnm ngsfgpbghcs il`lbcs acstc lhtrcnm lb sgibm QQ.  Ygbbgc` Oc`ls, cfbc`cnm fm`m irch plhscnmr lh c`kms fc`pms, fmhslrvö uhc fãtlnrc fmhouhtc nl dgbmsmdàc y psgfmbmiàc lh Acrvcrn acstc bc prg`lrc nçfcnc nlb sgibm, y Fyrgb Omcn nlsl`plóö uh fcrim sl`lochtl lh bc \hgvlrsgncn nl Bmhnrls acstc bc nçfcnc nl bms fucrlhtc. Hm mkstchtl, ngfams fc`pms sl ach gnm slpcrchnm c bm bcrim nlb ÿbtg`m sgibm,  pulstm qul bc psgfmb psgfmbmi miàc àc sl ac ngstchfg ngstchfgcnm cnm nl bc rc`c nl au`chgncnls au`chgncnls nl bc cfcnl`gc  pcrc cprmxg cprmxg`crsl c bcs fglhfgcs fglhfgcs smfgcb smfgcbls. ls. U lsl c `chtlhlr uh pgl pgl lh lb rlghm rlghm dgbmsödg dgbmsödgfm, fm, Oc`ls dul uh dlrvglhtl nldlhsmr nl bc psgfmbmiàc fm`m fglhfgc? «@g nlslm, cb trctcr bc  psgfmb  psg fmbmi miàc àc fm`m uhc fglhfgc fglhfgc hcturcb, hcturcb, llrc rc cyuncrbc c fmhvlrtgrsl lh lsmº, lsfrgkg lsfrgkgö. ö. Lb ngvmrfgm sl fmhsu`ö fmh lb surig`glhtm nl bc psgfmbmiàc fmhnuftgstc. Bms psgföbmims fmhnuftgstcs fm`m Omah Yctsmh y K. D. Vjghhlr bblvcrmh sus prliuhtcs smkrl bc hcturcblzc au`chc cb bckmrctmrgm y sl nlngfcrmh c acflr lxplrg`lhtms fmh lbbcs. Lstm iucrnc pmfc sl`lochzc fmh lb tgpm plrsmhgdgfcnm lh  Lb plhscnmr  nl   nl [mngh (bc `logbbc lh bc `chm, lb fmnm lh bc rmngbbc, su`gnm lh sus plhsc`glhtms), qul sulbl csmfgcrsl cb lstlrlmtgpm nl dgbösmdm, plrm tchtm sg uhm nlscrrmbbc sus gnlcs kctgçhnmsl lh nulbms vlrkcbls fmh Vöfrctls, fm`m sg bm acfl `ltglhnm rctmhls lh bcklrghtms, lh ÿbtg`c ghstchfgc sgl`prl sl lstcrã dmr`ubchnm bcs `gs`cs prliuhtcs? ½Suç prmpmrfgmhc lhlriàc cb slr au`chm= ½Ls uhc vmbuhtcn rcfgmhcb m uhc rlspulstc fmhngfgmhcnc= W lh fcsm nl qul slch c`kcs fmscs, ½fö`m sl rlbcfgmhch= Bms dgbösmdms sl ach nlngfcnm lxfbusgvc`lhtl c mkslrvcr bc hcturcblzc au`chc, nlsfrgpfgöh qul kglh pmnràc cpbgfcrsl c bms psgföbmims. Fucbquglr dgbmsmdàc nl bc au`chgncn lstcràc ghfm`pbltc sgh uh puhtm nl vgstc psgfmböigfm. Bc psgfmbmiàc, c su vlz, drcfcsc fuchnm lstã nlsprmvgstc nl uh puhtm nl vgstc dgbmsödgfm, y c`kcs ngsfgpbghcs hm ach alfam sghm l`pmkrlflrsl fm`m rlsubtcnm nl su kgdurfcfgöh. Cbiuhcs ãrlcs nl bc dgbmsmdàc, fm`m bc böigfc, lstãh sgtucncs fbcrc`lhtl cb `crilh nl bc psgfmbmiàc, bm fucb hm g`pbgfc qul, pmr rlibc ilhlrcb, bc dgbmsmdàc sl duhnc`lhtl lh bc mkslrvcfgöh, lh bms nctms, lh bc plrflpfgöh, lh bcs g`prlsgmhls: y tmnm lbbm sl cnlhtrc lh lb tlrrgtmrgm nl bc  psgfmb  psg fmbmi miàc. àc. Fuchnm fmhtl`pbc`ms fmhtl`pbc`ms lb `uhnm, hm sgl`prl sgl`prl vl`ms fmh fbcrgncn fbcrgncn bm qul tlhl`ms nlbchtl: bms rcsims plfubgcrls dgsgmböigfms y bcs ghtlrprltcfgmhls sukoltgvcs fcsg sgl`prl ghtlrvglhlh. Lstc ghtlrpmbcfgöh (bc ngdlrlhfgc lhtrl mkoltm y lxplrglhfgc) ls purc  psgfmb  psg fmbmi miàc, àc, y hghi hghiÿh ÿh puhtm nl vgstc vgstc dgbmsödg dgbmsödgfm fm sl smstglhl sgh lbb lbbc. Bc psgfmbmiàc fmhnuftgstc y su tlmràc duhnc`lhtcb nlb lstà`ubm-rlspulstc fmhsgnlrch cb slr au`chm uhc lsplfgl nl `ãqughc qul pulnl fmhngfgmhcrsl m prmirc`crsl pcrc cbfchzcr lb ldlftm nlslcnm: kcstc fmh nlsfukrgr y l`pblcr bms lstà`ubms cnlfucnms. (Bc tlmràc nlb lstà`ubm-rlspulstc ls bm qul fmhdgr`ö Ucvbmv fuchnm fmhsgiugö qul sus plrrms scbgvcrch cb màr uhc fc`pchgbbc, trcs acklrbms lhtrlhcnm acfgçhnmbc smhcr oustm chtls nl  prlslhtcrbls  prlslhtcrb ls uh pbctm pbctm nl fm`gnc.) fm`gnc.) Camrc Camrc kglh, kglh, lsl iugöh ugöh lhtrl lb lstà`ubm y bc rlspulstc rlsubtc su`c`lhtl rlstrgftgvm. ^mnc bc rgqulzc y bms irchnls bmirms nl bc psgfmbmiàc (y nl bc au`chgncn) qulnch nlsfcrtcnms fuchnm tmnms bms cftms sl vlh rlnufgnms c uhc `lrc fcusc y ldlftm. Ulhscr qul uh slr au`chm hm ls `ãs qul uhc frgcturc qul rlspmhnl nl ;9

 

dmr`c fmhtrmbckbl c uhms lstà`ubms fmhfrltms ls `lhmsprlfgcr hulstrc lslhfgc au`chc. Ls pcscr pmr cbtm bc psgqul, lb supulstm tl`c nl lstungm nl bc psgfmbmiàc. Vm`ms `ufam `ãs qul hulstrms fmhngfgmhchtls: bc vgnc vc `ãs cbbã nl uhc slrgl nl rlspulstcs lstckblfgncs. Lb prmkbl`c rlsgnl lh qul irch pcrtl nl bc psgfmbmiàc `mnlrhc (bc psgfmbmiàc fm`m fglhfgc) nlsfglhnl m rlfgkl bc ghdbulhfgc nl bc psgfmbmiàc fmhnuftgstc y su ghtràhslfm l`pmkrlfg`glhtm nl bc lxplrglhfgc au`chc. Bc cpbgfcfgöh nlb `çtmnm fglhtàdgfm cpmrtc ghdmr`cfgöh g`pmrtchtl cflrfc nl bms slrls au`chms y bc dmr`c lh qul duhfgmhch. Camrc kglh, cuhqul qugzã bmirl lhtrlscfcr  cbiuhms agbms nl fmhmfg`glhtm, bc psgfmbmiàc oc`ãs rlvlbcrã lb fm`pblom tcpgz nl bc hcturcblzc au`chc lh tmnc su lxtlhsgöh. Umr lol`pbm, y sgh `lhmsfckm nlb `çtmnm fglhtàdgfm fuchnm ls cpbgfcnm fmrrlftc`lhtl, bc psgfmbmiàc fmhnuftgstc huhfc hms  prmpmrfgmhcrã  prmpmrfg mhcrã uhms prghfg prghfgpg pgms ms çtgfms, çtgfms, bms fucbls fucbls fmhstgtuylh fmhstgtuylh uhc nl bcs pglzcs pglzcs fbcvl fbcvl nl bc vgnc au`chc, y uh tl`c cb qul sl fmhscirc tmnc uhc rc`c nl bc dgbmsmdàc. Vg pcrc  prmvmfcr uhc cffgöh cffgöh kcstc fmh acbb acbbcr lb lstà`ubm lstà`ubm cnlfucnm, bms slrls au`chms sl vlh rlnufgnms c lstcr acfglhnm tmnm bm qul acflh pcrc mktlhlr uhc rlfm`plhsc m lvgtcr uh fcstgim (lb lstà`ubm ls tchtm bc zchcamrgc fm`m lb bãtgim). Lh tcbls fmhngfgmhls, ½cfcsm lxgstlh bcs kulhcs mkrcs= ½Cfcsm slràc pmsgkbl acflr lb kglh slhfgbbc`lhtl pmrqul ls bm qul lstã kglh, y hm acflr lb `cb slhfgbbc`lhtl pmrqul hm bm lstã= Bms fmhnuftgstcs smstglhlh qul sg bl cpbgfcrc uhc nlsfcric lbçftrgfc nlscircnckbl fcnc vlz qul cyuncsl c uhc chfgchc c fruzcr bc fcbbl, hm tcrncràc lh ckchnmhcr sus fmstu`krls nl kulh sc`crgtchm. ^c`kgçh cdgr`ch qul pulnlh ghnufgrbm c prmpghcr uh l`puoöh c bcs chfgchcs fmh bcs qul sl frufl lh bc fcbbl sg bl nch bc rlfm`plhsc cnlfucnc fcnc vlz qul bm acfl. Nl lstl `mnm, bms fmhnuftgstcs fmhvglrtlh c bcs plrsmhcs lh uhms slrls nl`csgcnm suplrdgfgcbls y m`gtlh hulstrms rgfms uhgvlrsms `lhtcbls. Vm`ms `ufam `ãs vlrsãtgbls y fm`pbloms qul bms rctmhls qul sgiulh pubschnm fm`m `chàcfms bc  pcbchfc,  pcb chfc, bc fucb smbàc smbàc prmpmrfgmhcrb prmpmrfgmhcrbls ls cbg cbg`lhtm `ufam tgl`pm tgl`pm nlspuçs nl qul lb `lfchgs`m aukglsl nlocnm nl mdrlflrbls `chocrls. (^mnms bm al`ms alfam cbiuhc vlz, cftuchnm fmh pmfc `ãs ghtlbgilhfgc qul lsms pmkrls rctmhls, plrm lsm yc ls acrghc nl mtrm fmstcb.) \hc nl bcs dcfubtcnls qul pmsll`ms bms slrls au`chms ls bc fcpcfgncn nl prmvmfcr  hulstrms prmpgms lstà`ubms ghtlrhms. C vlfls hms prm`ltl`ms uhc rcfgöh nl albcnm trcs uhc tcrlc ghirctc, y lh lsl fcsm lstc`ms uschnm bm qul al`ms cprlhngnm nl bms fmhnuftgstcs.  Hm mkstchtl, tc`kgçh tc`kgçh pmnl`ms `mtgvcrhms `mtgvcrhms `lngchtl `lngchtl lb slhtgnm nlb nlklr, nlb amhmr m nlb slrvgfgm, csuhtms smkrl bms qul bms dgbösmdms sl ach lxpbcycnm plrm qul lh ilhlrcb smkrlpcsch lb ã`kgtm nl bc psgfmbmiàc lxplrg`lhtcb. Umr lsm Crtaur Jmlstblr bc cpmnö «psgfmbmiàc rctm`ördgfcº? bms ghvlstgicnmrls tlr`ghch sckglhnm `ufacs fmscs cflrfc nl bms rmlnmrls, plrm bcs blffgmhls qul pulnlh cpbgfcrsl c bms slrls au`chms smh bg`gtcncs y, fmh tmnc flrtlzc, hm cdlftch c bcs irchnls prliuhtcs smkrl hulstrc lxgstlhfgc. ^mnms bms fglhtàdgfms trckcoch fmh «mkslrvckblsº, ls nlfgr, bcs fmscs qul lstungch. Umr  lol`pbm, bms cströhm`ms tglhlh icbcxgcs, lstrlbbcs y pbchltcs: bms quà`gfms tglhlh ãtm`ms y `mbçfubcs, y csà suflsgvc`lhtl. Bc tcrlc nl bms fglhtàdgfms fmhsgstl lh ldlftucr y ;1

 

rligstrcr mkslrvcfgmhls smkrl bms dlhö`lhms qul lstungch, prmpmhlr tlmràcs pcrc lxpbgfcr   pmr quç bcs fmscs tglhlh tglhlh lb fm`pmrtc`glhtm fm`pmrtc`glhtm qul tglhlh, tglhlh, y bulim ulim nl`mstrcr lscs tlmràcs rlcbgzchnm lxplrg`lhtms. Lh lb fc`pm nl bcs fglhfgcs smfgcbls, lb fmhouhtm nl mkslrvckbls hm ls tch dàsgfm hg ngrlftc`lhtl `lhsurckbl: lstm nc pmr rlsubtcnm bcs prghfgpcbls ngdlrlhfgcs dgbmsödgfcs lhtrl bcs fglhfgcs dàsgfcs (m hcturcbls) y bcs smfgcbls, bm fucb sgihgdgfc qul huhfc lhfmhtrcrl`ms uh nlpcrtc`lhtm nl fglhfgcs qul bm ckcrqul tmnm lh hghiuhc uhgvlrsgncn. Lh bcs fglhfgcs smfgcbls, bms ghvlstgicnmrls g`pmhlh su prmpgc vgsgöh nlb `uhnm c tmnm fuchtm lstungch: nl caà qul ghfbusm `lhtls krgbbchtls fm`m bc nl @cricrlt @lcn dulrch frgtgfcncs pmr scfcr fmhfbusgmhls lrröhlcs drutm nl uh slsim sukoltgvm (y qugzãs ghfbusm ghfmhsfglhtl). Bms fglhtàdgfms dàsgfms pulnlh ghfurrgr lh lrrmrls sl`lochtls, plrm lb ldlftm smkrl lb rlsubtcnm nl bc ghvlstgicfgöh sl vlrã pcbgcnm pmr bc hcturcblzc hcturcb lzc `ãs fmhfrltc y mkoltgvc mkoltgvc nl bms lbl`lhtms mkslrvcnms. Lh bc psgfmbmiàc, lb fmhouhtm nl mkslrvckbls fmhsgstl lh bc psgqul. ½Fö`m sl mkslrvc lsm= ½Suç ls=, fckl ghfbusm prliuhtcrsl. Bc hlurmpsgfmbmiàc lstungc lb flrlkrm, qul ls `lhsurckbl, cb `lhms acstc fglrtm puhtm. Camrc kglh, bc psgfmbmiàc ilhlrcb sl flhtrc lh bc `lhtl. Uulstm qul bc `lhtl, m bc psgqul, hm tglhl fcrcftlràstgfcs dàsgfcs, tmncs bcs mkslrvcfgmhls smh ghngrlftcs y tmncs bcs fmhfbusgmhls smh `ãs sukoltgvcs y `lhms fglrtcs qul lh lb tlrrlhm nl bcs fglhfgcs dàsgfcs. ghfbusm lh bcs fglhfgcs dàsgfcs, qul sl klhldgfgch nl bc mkslrvcfgöh ngrlftc, hulstrc ghdmr`cfgöh rlsubtc g`plrdlftc. ^lhl`ms fcsg lb `gs`m hÿ`lrm nl prliuhtcs sgh rlspulstc cflrfc nl bc `lhtl qul cflrfc nlb flrlkrm, pmr `ãs qul çstl sl pulnc `lngr, plscr y ngslffgmhcr. Csà qul g`ciàhlsl bm dãfgb qul ls cblocrsl nl bc vlrncn lh lb ã`kgtm nl bcs fglhfgcs smfgcbls, fm`m bc psgfmbmiàc, qul sl mfupch nl csuhtms `ufam `ãs ckstrcftms sgh fmhtcr fmh hcnc fmhfrltm qul mkslrvcr. Vgh l`kcrim, lh fmhslfulfgc nl bc rlbctgvc`lhtl rlfglhtl cflptcfgöh nl bc psgfmbmiàc fm`m fglhfgc y bc plr`chlhtl hlflsgncn au`chc nl ngãbmim, lh lb sgibm QQ  sl ac  prmnufgnm  prmnufg nm uh frlfg`glhtm frlfg`glhtm sgh sgh prlflnlhtls nl bc ghnustrg hnustrgcc nlb cslsmrc`glht cslsmrc`glhtmm psgfmb psgfmböi öiggfm. Fuchnm bms prg`lrms psgföbmims fm`lhzcrmh c cslsmrcr c bms slrls au`chms, bms  psgföb  psg föbmi mims ms cfcnç`gfms bms cfuscrmh nl alrlols, cpöstctcs y fmscs pmr lb lstgb lstgbm. « Lb cslsmrc`glhtm psgfmböigfm hm ls psgfmbmiàcº, cdgr`ckc bc sckgnuràc fmhvlhfgmhcb. Hm mkstchtl, lh uhcs pmfcs nçfcncs, lb hÿ`lrm nl fmhslolrms psgfmböigfms lxflngö fmh frlfls lb nl tmnms bms nl`ãs psgföbmims ouhtms. Uulnl cdgr`crsl qul bms fmhslolrms psgfmböigfms mstlhtch lb `mhmpmbgm nl bcs rliubcfgmhls iuklrhc`lhtcbls smkrl tlrcpgcs ackbcncs, nl caà qul su sliurm `çngfm fmhtrgkuyc c pcicr lb fmstl nl bc vgsgtc, c plscr nl qul hm smh `çngfms. Vg su `çngfm nl fcklflrc lstã cutmrgzcnm c rl`gtgrbl c bc fmhsubtc nl uh fmhslolrm psgfmböigfm, qul hm ls nmftmr lh `lngfghc plrm fuyms slrvgfgms qulnch fukglrtms pmr bms sliurms `çngfms, ustln tc`kgçh nlklràc tlhlr nlrlfam c slr rl`gtgnm c bc nl uh fmhslolrm dgbmsödgfm. Bms fglhtàdgfms smfgcbls tglhlh qul fmhdgcr lh bc lstcnàstgfc pcrc ldlftucr sus `lngfgmhls. Camrc kglh, cuhqul bc lstcnàstgfc pulnc nlfgrhms `ufam cflrfc nl uh irupm, hm hms cpmrtc hghiuhc ghdmr`cfgöh smkrl uh ghngvgnum, y cquà bms psgföbmims sl nch nl  krufls fmhtrc mtrm `urm. Lh ilhlrcb lhlrcb,, acfl`ms kglh kglh cb cflptcr bcs lstcnàstgfcs lstcnàstgfcs dg dgckb ckbls, ls,  plrm acy qul acflr aghfcpg aghfcpgçç lh qul hm hms nlsfrgklh nlsfrgklh fm`m ghngvg hngvgnums. nums. Bc lstcnàstgfc lstcnàstgfc ;7

 

 psgfmböi  psgfmb öiggfc hms ngfl ngfl qul, pmr rlib rlibc ilhlrcb, bcs hgócs hgócs tglhlh tglhlh `ãs db dbug ugnlz nlz vlrkcb qul bms hgóms, y qul bms hgóms pmsllh `lomrls ackgbgncnls lspcfgmtl`pmrcbls qul bcs hgócs. Vgh l`kcrim, lsm hm hms ngfl irch fmsc nlb hgóm qul ac mktlhgnm 155 puhtms lh bc prulkc nl dbugnlz vlrkcb nlb lxc`lh nl cfflsm c bc uhgvlrsgncn hg smkrl bc hgóc qul nlstcfc fm`m bchzcnmrc lh bc bgic lsfmbcr nl kçgskmb. ½Suç al`ms cprlhngnm qul hms rlsubtl rlcb`lhtl ÿtgb= (Çstc ls bc prci`ãtgfc vmz nl Ygbbgc` Oc`ls, quglh kusfckc bc «vlrncnº nl uhc gnlc lh duhfgöh nlb usm qul punglrc ncrsl c bc ghdmr`cfgöh qul fmhtlhàc.) ½Bms hgóms hlflsgtch `ãs fbcsls nl blfturc= ½Bcs hgócs nlklràch acflr `ãs amrcs nl nlpmrtl= ½Vl  pulnl lnufcr fmhvlhg fmhvlhglhtl`lhtl lhtl`lhtl c uh irupm `gx `gxtm nl cb cbu`hms= u`hms= Umnl`ms lstungcr lstungcr bcs lstcnàstgfcs y trctcr nl nlfgngr quç ncrã rlsubtcnm lh irupms irchnls. Vgh l`kcrim, sg ustln ls uh pcnrl nl dc`gbgc prlmfupcnm pmr bc sgtucfgöh nl sus agoms, acrã kglh lh dgcrsl nl su lxplrglhfgc l ghtugfgöh. Sugzã pglhsl qul bc dgbmsmdàc tc`pmfm ls fcpcz nl ngslócr lb `lomr pbch nl lstungms nlb `uhnm. Nl tmncs dmr`cs, chtl bc bg`gtcnc utgbgncn nl bms «nctmsº ngspmhgkbls, bc dgbmsmdàc lnufcfgmhcb ls bc qul lh ÿbtg`c ghstchfgc iuàc tcbls nlfgsgmhls. Bc `cymr pcrtl nl hgóms y hgócs cfunl c lsfulbcs `gxtcs pmrqul tlhl`ms lb fm`prm`gsm dgbmsödgfm nl mdrlflr  giucbncn nl mpmrtuhgncnls (cuhqul lbbm fmhbblvl plqulócs m tl`pmrcbls ngdlrlhfgcs lh bcs  puhtucfgmhls  puhtucfg mhls nl dbug dbugnlz nlz vlrkcb). Cnl`ãs, bms lnufcnmrls lb lbggilh lb `çtmnm pcrc lhslócr c bllr qul fmhsgnlrch `ãs ldgfcz, y bcs ngdlrlhfgcs lhtrl ngfams `çtmnms tc`kgçh smh nl àhnmbl dgbmsödgfc. Vmh yc nl`csgcncs bcs lsfulbcs lstcnmuhgnlhsls qul ircnÿch cbu`hms chcbdckltms, lh pcrtl nlkgnm c bc cnmpfgöh nl `çtmnms ngnãftgfms qul prãftgfc`lhtl icrchtgzch lb chcbdckltgs`m (p. lo., pcbckrc fm`pbltc) lh buicr nl bms qul icrchtgzch bc cbdckltgzcfgöh (p. lo., döhgfm). Uulstm qul sckl`ms fö`m lhslócr c bllr c bms hgóms, csà fm`m lhslócrbls c hm bllr, lb `çtmnm ngnãftgfm qul lbgoc`ms nlplhnlrã lxfbusgvc`lhtl nl hulstrc dgbmsmdàc nl bc lhslóchzc. Fmh ghnlplhnlhfgc nl bc fbcsl nl fglhtàdgfm qul ustln slc, bcs prliuhtcs qul trctc nl rlspmhnlrsl smh? «½Fö`m duhfgmhc lstm=º y «½Umr quç acfl bm qul acfl=º. Bms fglhtàdgfms kusfch bc fcusc y lb ldlftm (csplftm qul bms fmhnuftgstcs ach sg`pbgdgfcnm lh lxtrl`m). Csà puls, bms psgföbmims sl prliuhtch? «½Fö`m duhfgmhch bcs plrsmhcs= ½Umr  quç acflh bm qul acflh=º W uh psgfmtlrcplutc sl prliuhtc? «½Fö`m duhfgmhc lstc  plrsmhc= ½Umr ½U mr quç acfl bm qul acfl=º Lb tlrcplutc gnlhtg gnlhtgdg dgfc fc bms ldlftms (p. lo., chsglncn, nlprlsgöh) y kusfc bc fcuscs fmrrlspmhnglhtls (p. lo., uhc `cbc rlbcfgöh nl  pcrloc, pcnrls cb cbfmaöb fmaöbggfms). ^cb vlz çstc slc bc dmr`c fg fglhtàdg lhtàdgfc fc nl fmhtl`pbcr fmhtl`pbcr bcs fmscs,  plrm fuchnm sl cpbg cpbgfc c uh ghngvg ghngvgnum, num, bc tlrcpgc psgfmb psgfmböi öiggfc trmpglzc fmh nms prmkbl`cs.

Fcusc y ldlftm Lb prg`lrm fmhsgstl lh uhc dcbcfgc qul bms dgbösmdms bbc`ch pmst amf lr lrimpr imprmptlr mptlr amf. Umr sg hm chnc `uy nufam lh bctàh, sgihgdgfc qul sg uh cfmhtlfg`glhtm ac suflngnm chtls qul prg`lrm sliuhnm. qul lstm slc plrm fglrtmlsm lh hm cbiuhms fcsms? ustlnmtrm, sl nclb uh imbpl dul lh lbfcusc nlnmnlb plqulóm nlb Uulnl pgl y irgtc «¡Cu!º, g`pbgfc qul 65

 

sgl`prl tlhic qul slr csà. Vg sus pcnrls bl plickch fuchnm lrc hgóm y camrc bl fulstc trckcom fmhtlhlr su lhmom, hm pulnl scfcr bc fmhfbusgöh nl qul bm uhm slc fcusc nl bm mtrm. ^cb vlz slc çstl lb fcsm, plrm ls prmkckbl qul hm lxgstc rlbcfgöh cbiuhc. Cuh supmhglhnm qul dulsl fcuscb, pulnlh fmhtrgkugr `ufams mtrms dcftmrls. Tmbvglhnm cb lol`pbm nl ncrsl uh imbpl lh lb nlnm plqulóm nlb pgl, rlsubtcràc mkvgm qul lb alfam nl hm bblvcr zcpctms, lb nlocr trcstms pmr lb sulbm y lb fruzcr cprlsurcnc`lhtl bc ackgtcfgöh c msfurcs pcrc fmhtlstcr lb tlbçdmhm smh cfmhtlfg`glhtms fcuscbls. Camrc kglh, lh lb fm`pblom iugsm qul ls su pcscnm, ½frll rlcb`lhtl qul tmnms y fcnc uhm nl bms ghirlnglhtls lstãh rlbcfgmhcnms fmh lb csuhtm qul bl ctcól camrc= ½Bms crrlkctms nl grc nl su `cnrl bl lhslócrmh c slr lxpbmsgvm fuchnm sl lhdcnc= ½M dul bc drgcbncn nl su pcnrl= ½Dulrmh c`kcs fmscs= ½M hghiuhc= [l`l`mrcr bms cfmhtlfg`glhtms nl su vgnc lh kusfc nl fcuscs qul lxpbgqulh sus ngdgfubtcnls prlslhtls fmhbblvc lb prmkbl`c cócngnm nl qul pulnl acklr fmhlxgmhls qul ustln hm cnvglrtc. W su `l`mrgc hm ls plrdlftc, nl `mnm qul mbvgncrã cbiuhms alfams g`pmrtchtls y rlfmrncrã nltcbbls grrlblvchtls. ½Suç pcsc sg nlspuçs nl lsfcrkcr lh lb  pcscnm söbm söbm cdb cdbmrch mrch mrmplbls, mrmplbls, plrm ustln y su tlrcplutc sgi sgiulh prmduhngzchnm prmduhngzchnm fm`m sg aukglslh acbbcnm uh dgböh nl mrm= Lh lb `lomr nl bms fcsms, plrnlrã uhc irch fchtgncn nl tgl`pm nchnm rmnlms, cuhqul dghcb`lhtl bbliul c su nlstghm. Vgh uhcs blyls prlfgscs qul bl iuàlh, fm`m bcs qul tglhl uh quà`gfm m uh dàsgfm, ½fö`m sckl quç ls bm qul acfl qul cbim suflnc= Vg lh prghfgpgm fucbquglr fmsc pulnl slr fcusc nl mtrc (sgl`prl y fuchnm slch fmhslfutgvcs), sl fmrrl lb plbgirm nl qul, uhc vlz acyc cnmptcnm uhc tlmràc, ustln sl bg`gtl c tm`cr bms csplftms qul lhfcolh lh lbbc y nlsfcrtl lb rlstm. ^cb fm`m Ckrcac` @csbmw tuvm lb ctghm nl slócbcr, fuchnm bc ÿhgfc alrrc`glhtc nl qul ngspmhls ls uh `crtgbbm, uhc ghdghgncn nl mkoltms fmkrch csplftm nl fbcvms. ghfbusm sg bc psgfmbmiàc bblicrc c fmhvlrtgrsl lh uh ghstru`lhtm nl prlfgsgöh, ½quç kglh bl acràc nlsfukrgr bcs fcuscs nl su `cblstcr prlslhtl= ½Cfcsm bblvcr uhc ltgqultc, m slr  fctcbmicnm nl «c`cricnmº, acrã qul sl sglhtc `lomr= Vcklr qul tglhl uhc fcrgls hm acfl qul bl nulbc `lhms: lb l`pcstl ls bm qul bl cbgvgcrã. Fm`prlhnlr qul bl nulbl bc fcklzc  pmrqul ac rlfgkgnm rlfgkgnm lb imbpl mbpl nl uhc plb plbmtc mtc cbt cbtcc hm bl acrã slhtgrsl slhtgrsl `lomr, `lomr, cuhqul uhc cspgrghc tcb vlz cbgvgl su nmbmr. Fglrtc`lhtl, ustln nlkl prlstcr `ãs ctlhfgöh c su agiglhl nlhtcb y `lomrcr su ackgbgncn pcrc rlfmilr plbmtcs cbtcs fuchnm ouliul c kçgskmb, y nl lstl `mnm lvgtcr tcbls nmbmrls lh lb duturm. Fglrtc`lhtl, cbiuhcs plrsmhcs sl slhtgrãh cbgvgcncs cb nlsfukrgr lb mrgilh nl su nmbmr psàqugfm `lngchtl bc psgfmbmiàc, y mtrcs slrãh fcpcfls nl sliugr uhc bàhlc nl fmhnuftc qul bls prmpmrfgmhcrã cbgvgm uhc vlz qul acych lhtlhngnm bc fcusc. Vgh l`kcrim, pcrc bc `cymràc hm kcstcrã fmh ghngfcr çstc nl `chlrc  prlfgsc.  prlfg sc. U cscrãh `lsls m ghfbusm ghfbusm cóms fcvchnm acstc qul nlh fmh bc ircvc prmvlfamsc, y lhtmhfls su rlspulstc prmkckbl`lhtl slc? «½W camrc quç=º Fmhmflr bc fcusc nlb nmbmr   psàqugfm  psàqug fm plrm hm tlhlr uh fc`ghm pcrc `gtgi `gtgicrbm crbm acrã qul cbiuhcs cbiuhcs plrsmhcs sl sglhtch sglhtch ghfbusm plmr. Vcklr qul lstã nlprg`gnm pmrqul su `ctrg`mhgm sl lstã ylhnm cb trcstl  pulnl qul söbm söbm sgrvc sgrvc pcrc auhngrb auhngrbmm `ãs lh lsc nlprlsgöh, nlprlsgöh, yc qul ustln hm pulnl rltrmflnlr y fc`kgcr fc`kgcr lb pcscnm. 63

 

 Lb `mnlbm `çngfm `çng fm Lb sliuhnm prmkbl`c duhnc`lhtcb qul prlslhtch bcs tlrcpgcs psgqugãtrgfcs y  psgfmb  psg fmböi öiggfcs ls qul g`gtch `gtch lb `mnlbm `mnlbm `çngfm. Lstãh rliub rliubcncs cncs pmr bms lstcnms fm`m sg dulslh ngsfgpbghcs `çngfcs y lb sliurm `çngfm bcs fukrl (cb `lhms lh pcrtl). Bms `çngfms rlfgklh dmr`cfgöh pcrc ngcihmstgfcr y trctcr bcs lhdlr`lncnls dàsgfcs. Bms psgqugctrcs y bms psgföbmims rlfgklh pmrqul dmr`cfgöh pcrcnltrctcr bcs «lhdlr`lncnls `lhtcblsº. Umhim tçr`ghm lhtrl fm`gbbcs sl trctc uhc `ltãdmrc, cuhqul ngfac `ltãdmrc fcnc lstl vlz sl fmhduhnl `ãs fmh uhc rlcbgncn. Acy uh fagstl nl psgqugctrcs qul gbustrc bc fulstgöh? bms pcfglhtls qul cfunàch tl`prchm c su fgtc lh bc fmhsubtc lrch ngcihmstgfcnms fm`m chsgmsms: bms pcfglhtls qul bblickch tcrnl, fm`m amstgbls: bms pcfglhtls qul bblickch c bc amrc prlvgstc, fm`m fm`pubsgvms. Lstl fagstl bm fmhtckch bms prmpgms psgqugctrcs, quglhls fmhmfàch plrdlftc`lhtl bc ngdlrlhfgc lhtrl uhc lhdlr`lncn rlcb y uhc `ltcdörgfc. Bm fglrtm ls qul yc hm tglhl hghiuhc ircfgc, ncnm qul ngfac ngdlrlhfgc sl ac vgstm nlsngkuocnc pmr bm qul ^am`cs Vzcsz bbc`c «lb `gtm nl bc lhdlr`lncn `lhtcbº. Bms trcstmrhms `çngfms fmh drlfulhfgc sl nlhm`ghch «sàhnrm`lsº. Vl ach mkslrvcnm, nmfu`lhtcnm, ghvlstgicnm y fm`prlhngnm `ubtgtun nl sàhnrm`ls. Umr lol`pbm, lb sàhnrm`l ls prmvmfcnm uhc slfulhfgc ilhçtgfc fmhfrltc, qul lb sàhnrm`l nl nlNmwh ^murlttl ls uhc pmr ngsduhfgöh flrlkrcb lsplfàdgfc qul `glhtrcs sl `chgdglstc  plrturkchnm bc dmr`c nl `mvlrsl y ackbcr ackbcr plrm qul hm rlvgstl rlvgstl plbg plbgirm. Lb sàhnrm`l nl gh`uhmnldgfglhfgc cnqugrgnc (sgnc) ls fcuscnm pmr uh rltrmvgrus (TGA) qul ctcfc y nltlrgmrc lb sgstl`c gh`uhmböigfm. Camrc kglh, ½quç `l ngfl nl ngcihöstgfms fm`m lb nlb «sàhnrm`l nl bc iulrrc nlb Imbdmº= ½Suç ngckbms sgihgdgfc= Cb pcrlflr, sgihgdgfc qul cbiuhcs plrsmhcs qul sgrvglrmh lh bc iulrrc nlb Imbdm hm sl sglhtlh kglh. Hcngl sckl (m cb `lhms hcngl bm ngfl) sg lstuvglrmh lxpulstcs c cilhtls kgmböigfms m tmxghcs quà`gfcs, fm`m tc`pmfm sg sus prmkbl`cs smh nl tgpm `çngfm m psgfmböigfm, m uhc fm`kghcfgöh nl c`kms. Lstckblflr uh ngcihöstgfm fm`m lb nlb sàhnrm`l nl bc iulrrc nlb Imbdm pcrlfl `uy fglhtàdgfm, plrm hm cpmrtc hghiuhc ghdmr`cfgöh hulvc m ÿtgb cflrfc nlb prmkbl`c. Mtrm fcsm pcrlfgnm ls lb nlb «sàhnrm`l nl `ulrtl sÿkgtcnlfgrsl ghdchtgbº. nlsircfgc,  klkçs `ulrlh ghlsplrcnc`lhtl lh bc fuhc. Chtls smbàc nlfg rsl qul Umr «`mràch nur`glhnmº. nur`gcbiuhms lhnmº. Camrc lstl dlhö`lhm tglhl uh hm`krl `ufam `ãs pm`pmsm, sg kglh çstl sgiul sgh rlvlbcr hghiÿh nctm fmhfrltm smkrl lb prmkbl`c. Csà puls, lb `lrm alfam nl nlfgr qul cbim ls uh sàhnrm`l hm icrchtgzc qul slpc`ms nl quç lstc`ms ackbchnm, hg sgquglrc fuchnm acyc cbim qul `çngfc`lhtl (ls nlfgr, dàsgfc`lhtl) hm duhfgmhl. ^mnm lstm hm tglhl hcnc nl hulvm pcrc bms dgbösmdms. Al cquà uhc dc`msc «lxpbgfcfgöhº cflrfc nlb mpgm qul nctc nl bc Lncn @lngc. Bc prliuhtc lrc pmr quç lb mpgm (uscnm fm`m `lngfghc) acfàc qul bc ilhtl sl nur`glrc. Bc rlspulstc dcfgbgtcnc pmr  bms `çngfms nl bc çpmfc (cbiuhms nl bms fucbls, bc`lhtm nlfgrbm, prmkckbl`lhtl lrch dgbösmdms) dul qul lb mpgm acfàc qul bc ilhtl sl nur`glrc lh vgrtun nl sus «prmpglncnls nmr`gtgvcsº. ^mnm lb `uhnm csghtgö prunlhtl`lhtl fmh bc fcklzc y cflptö nurchtl cóms qul cqulbbm, lh ldlftm, lxpbgfckc cbim. Ulrm hm ls csà. Lb tçr`ghm «nmr`gtgvmº prmflnl nlb vlrkm bctghm nmr`grl,  «nmr`grº. Lxpbgfcr qul lb mpgm acfl qul bc ilhtl sl nulr`c 6;

 

nlkgnm c sus prmpglncnls nmr`gtgvcs ls bm `gs`m qul lxpbgfcr qul lb mpgm acfl qul bc ilhtl sl nulr`c pmrqul acfl qul sl nulr`c. Hm sl pulnl nlfgr qul slc `uy fglhtàdgfm, cb dgh y cb fckm: ls `lrc`lhtl uhc lxpbgfcfgöh fgrfubcr. Camrc kglh, ½quç suflnl fuchnm cpbgfc`ms nldghgfgmhls fgrfubcrls nl lhdlr`lncnls dàsgfcs rlcbls c lhdlr`lncnls `lhtcbls `ltcdörgfcs= Uuls qul mktlhl`ms tmnm uh zmm nl supulstms trcstmrhms. ½Ucnlfl uh trcstmrhm l`mfgmhcb sgh rlsmbvlr qul tglhl su mrgilh lh uhc lxplrglhfgc nlscircnckbl nlb pcscnm= Lh lb NV@ sl fmhvglrtl lh uhc lhdlr`lncn `lhtcb? trcstmrhm nl lstrçs pmstrcu`ãtgfm. ½Vu agom tglhl ngdgfubtcnls pcrc cprlhnlr  crgt`çtgfc= Ls acrtm prmkckbl qul sl nlkc c qul su `clstrm hm slpc hcnc nl crgt`çtgfc m c qul bms `çtmnms nl lhslóchzc lh kmic smstglhlh qul bc rlspulstc fmrrlftc c ;+;0= ls fucbquglr hÿ`lrm qul bl pbczfc cb cbu`hm, plrm lh lb NV@ sl bl ngcihmstgfc uhc lhdlr`lncn `lhtcb? trcstmrhm nl cprlhngzcol hu`çrgfm. ½Lstã ngsiustcnm pmrqul hm bl ac tmfcnm bc bmtlràc= Lh lb NV@, lsm tc`kgçh ls uhc lhdlr`lncn `lhtcb? trcstmrhm nl lstrçs bunmpãtgfm. ½[lfaczcràc uh trctc`glhtm psgqugãtrgfm pcrc ustln m su agom sg bl pbchtlcrch lstc fbcsl nl ngcihöstgfm= Lh lb NV@, su rlfaczm tc`kgçh ls fctcbmicnm nl lhdlr`lncn `lhtcb? trcstmrhm nl ghfu`pbg`glhtm nlb trctc`glhtm prlsfrgtm. ^mnm lstm slràc dckubmsm sg sl trctcrc nl fglhfgc-dgffgöh m nl fm`lngc, plrm lb fcsm ls qul lh bc cftucbgncn pcsc pmr slr uhc fglhfgc slrgc. Lh 3719, bc Csmfgcfgöh mrtlc`lrgfchc nl Usgqugctràc nlfgngö cn`gtgr lb trcstmrhm nl dcbtc nl ctlhfgöh pmr  agplrcftgvgncn (^DCA) fm`m lhdlr`lncn `lhtcb? fglhfgc pmr vmtcfgöh. Lsl `gs`m cóm, sl ngcihmstgfö uh ^DCA c `lngm `gbböh nl lsfmbcrls lstcnmuhgnlhsls. Lh 3774 sl fcbfubc qul

 

`lhtcbls m l`mfgmhcbls (y lh bc rlfltc nl `lngfc`lhtms pcrc fmhtrmbcrbms), bc psgqugctràc ÿhgfc`lhtl cdlftc c uhc pcrtl `uy plqulóc nl bc pmkbcfgöh. Suglhls pcnlflh ngsduhfgmhls nlkgnm c lhdlr`lncnls dàsgfcs qul lsfcpch pmr fm`pbltm c su fmhtrmb (fm`m bms `chàcfms nlprlsgvms) sl vlh cbgvgcnms fmh bc `lngfcfgöh. Ucrc acflr drlhtl c uh  prmkbl`c  prmkb l`c nl lstc fbcsl, nlkl ngrgi ngrgiggrsl c bc fmhsubtc fmhsubtc nlb psgqug psgqugctrc. ctrc. Camrc kglh, kglh, sg su  prmkbl`c  prmkb l`c lstã rlbcfg rlbcfgmhcnm mhcnm fmh bc gnlhtg gnlhtgncn, ncn, bms vcbmrls vcbmrls m bc çtgfc, bm plmr qul pulnl acflr  ls plr`gtgr qul cbiuglh bl lhngbiul uhc lhdlr`lncn `lhtcb y bl lxtglhnc uhc rlfltc. ghiuhc pcstgbbc acrã qul sl lhfulhtrl c sà `gs`m, qul cbfchfl sus `ltcs m qul mkrl fm`m ls nlkgnm. Vg bc rcàz nl su prmkbl`c ls dgbmsödgfc, hm acbbcrã hcnc lh bms lstchtls nl bc dcr`cfgc qul bl prmpmrfgmhl uh cbgvgm nurcnlrm. Bms lstcnmuhgnlhsls sglhtlh nlkgbgncn pmr bcs smbufgmhls rãpgncs. Al`ms fmhdgcnm lh qul bc tlfhmbmiàc `lomrcràc hulstrcs vgncs y hms ncràc rlspulstcs dãfgbls c tmnm. Cnl`ãs, hulstrc smfglncn cnmptc fmh chsgc tmnm tgpm nl lxfuscs qul fmhvglrtlh bc rlspmhsckgbgncn plrsmhcb lh cbim ghnlslckbl. Acstc bms du`cnmrls qul sgiuglrmh fmh su pcqultl ngcrgm nl fgicrrgbbms fuchnm bms plrougfgms nlb tckcqugs`m tckcqug s`m lrch smkrcnc`lhtl fmhmfgnms, camrc nl`chnch c bcs tckcfcblrcs pmr acklrbls  prmvmfcnm fãhflr nl pub pub`öh, `öh, fm`m sg ngfacs l`prlscs dulslh bcs ÿhgfcs ÿhgfcs rlspmhsckbls. rlspmhsckbls. ½Cfcsm acy dmr`c `lomr nl bgkrcrsl nl uhc plscnc fcric qul lhfcsgbbcr tmnc fbcsl nl ghdlbgfgncn m `cbc fmhnuftc fm`m uhc lhdlr`lncn, drutm nl bc ilhçtgfc, bc kgmbmiàc m bcs fgrfuhstchfgcs, y qul pmr fmhsgiuglhtl lsfcpc c hulstrm fmhtrmb= Vg fmh lstm hm kcstcrc, lh Lstcnms \hgnms bcs `lngfghcs smh `ãs kcrctcs y ckuhnchtls qul lh hghiÿh mtrm buicr  nlb `uhnm. ^mnm bm ngfam fmhspgrc pcrc qul cnmptl`ms uhc vgsgöh psgqugãtrgfc nl bc rlcbgncn, plrm  pcrcpltcrsl lh lstl puhtm nl vgstc hm acfl `ãs qul prmpmrfgmhcr prmpmrfgmhcr uhc slhscfgöh slhscfgöh vcfàc nl hm slr fubpckbl y uhc dcbsc slhscfgöh nl lsplrchzc cb acbbcr rlspulstcs dãfgbls. @cs bcs rlspulstcs dãfgbls hm lxgstlh. Bc ÿhgfc `chlrc nl mktlhlr uhc smbufgöh rlcb y nurcnlrc c uh prmkbl`c plrsmhcb fmhsgstl lh ckmrncrbm, rlsmbvlrbm, cprlhnlr nl çb y cpbgfcr bm qul sl cprlhnc lh lb duturm. Çstl ls lb `lmbbm nlb cslsmrc`glhtm dgbmsödgfm, bm qul bm ngstghiul nl bc ghdghgncn nl tlrcpgcs ngspmhgkbls. BCV F\C^[M FC[CV NL BC NLU[LVGÖH Ucrc fm`prlhnlr bms ngstghtms lhdmquls qul bc psgfmbmiàc, bc psgqugctràc y bc dgbmsmdàc cnmptch chtl uhc `gs`c fmsc, y lb ldlftm qul nl lbbm sl nlrgvc lh bms trctc`glhtms, vc`ms c dc`gbgcrgzcrhms fmh fuctrm dmr`cs ngstghtcs nl lhtlhnlr bc nlprlsgöh. Fcnc uhc nl bcs blhtls l`pblcncs prmpmrfgmhc uhc vgsgöh fbcrc lh cbiuhms fcsms, plrm lh mtrms ngstmrsgmhc bm qul sl lstã fmhtl`pbchnm. Vg sgl`prl utgbgzãrc`ms bc blhtl cnlfucnc nlb `mnm cnlfucnm lh lb `m`lhtm cnlfucnm, lstcràc`ms lh bcs `lomrls fmhngfgmhls g`cighckbls pcrc cyuncr c fucbquglrc c bgngcr fmh uh prmkbl`c nl bc dmr`c `ãs nglstrc, ldgfcz y nurcnlrc fm`m slc pmsgkbl. Vgh l`kcrim, fmh nl`csgcnc drlfulhfgc bms fmhslolrms utgbgzch uhc smbc blhtl, m sl mbvgnch nl fc`kgcrbc m nl rl`gtgr c sus pcfglhtls c uh fmblic qul ngspmhic nl bc blhtl qul lb fcsm rlfbc`c. 6<

 

\hc fcusc pmsgkbl nl nlprlsgöh ls qul cbim duhfgmhl `cb lh lb flrlkrm, uhc cbtlrcfgöh ilhçtgfc qul prmvmfc bc prmnuffgöh y bc bgklrcfgöh nl trchs`gsmrls hlurmquà`gfms nl tcb `chlrc qul ghtlrdglrlh fmh bcs duhfgmhls ackgtucbls nlb flrlkrm. Lstl tgpm nl nlprlsgöh fmhstgtuyl uhc lhdlr`lncn `lhtcb, y cfcrrlc tmnc fbcsl nl fmhslfulhfgcs. Mtrm tgpm nl nlprlsgöh ls bc nlkgnc c uh lstcnm flrlkrcb ghnufgnm, nl `mnm qul sgiul sglhnm kgmböigfc  plrm hm ilhçtg lhçtgfc. fc. Umnràc slr rlsubtcnm rlsubtcnm nlb ckusm nl sustchfgcs, sustchfgcs, c scklr, scklr, uh ldlftm slfuhncrgm nl bcs chdltc`ghcs m nl uh nlprlsgvm fm`m lb cbfmamb. Lstc fbcsl nl nlprlsgöh ghngfc uhc nlplhnlhfgc dàsgfc m psgfmböigfc. Bc tlrflrc fcusc tàpgfc nl nlprlsgöh ls uh trcu`c ghdchtgb sgh rlsmbvlr m cbiÿh mtrm prmkbl`c nlb pcscnm, bm fucb fmhstgtuyl uh puhtm nl vgstc fbcrc`lhtl drlungchm (y nl cflptcfgöh ilhlrcbgzcnc) y ls uh prmkbl`c  psgfmb  psg fmböi öiggfm, hm `çng `çngfm. fm. Bc fucrtc fbcsl fbcsl nl nlprlsgöh nlprlsgöh ls drutm nl cbim cbim ircvl qul mfurrl lh bc vgnc prlslhtl nl cbiuglh. Lsl cbim pulnl slr uhc frgsgs prmdlsgmhcb, bc gh`ghlhfgc nl uh  prmkbl`c  prmkb l`c plrsmhcb m lfmhö`gfm lfmhö`gfm fm`m uh ngvmrfg ngvmrfgmm m bc rughc, rughc, m uh ngbl`c ngbl`c nl mrnlh çtgfm çtgfm m `mrcb. Lh lstl fcsm, lb mrgilh nl bc nlprlsgöh hm ls nl hcturcblzc dàsgfc m psgfmtöigfc: bc quà`gfc flrlkrcb, lb ckusm nl sustchfgcs y bms trcu`cs ghdchtgbls hm smh bms fubpckbls. Lh bms nms prg`lrms fcsms, bcs plrsmhcs hlflsgtch ctlhfgöh `çngfc. Bc psgqugctràc ls bm `ãs ghngfcnm, yc qul bc `lngfcfgöh sgh nunc fmhtrmbcrã bms sàhtm`cs. Hm mkstchtl, bcs `lngfghcs hm pulnlh furcr lb prmkbl`c sukycflhtl (cuhqul tcb vlz bc ghilhglràc ilhçtgfc bm bmirl cbiÿh nàc), nl `mnm qul uhc tlrcpgc ackbcnc sgiul sglhnm rlfm`lhnckbl. Lh lb tlrflr y lb fucrtm fcsms, bc tlrcpgc ackbcnc slràc bc rlfltc `ãs ghngfcnc. Chtl bms  prmkbl`cs  prmkb l`cs nlb pcscnm sgh sgh rlsmbvlr rlsmbvlr,, bc psgfmbm psgfmbmiiàc tglhl tglhl `ufam qul mdrlflr, cuhqul lb cslsmrc`glhtm dgbmsödgfm tc`kgçh rlsubtcràc prmvlfamsm, tchtm lh sustgtufgöh m fm`m fm`pbl`lhtm nlb cslsmrc`glhtm psgfmböigfm. Camrc kglh, lh lb fucrtm `crfm agpmtçtgfm (fmh ngdlrlhfgc, lb qul `ãs c `lhunm sl prlslhtc c bms fmhslolrms nl tmnc fbcsl) bc dgbmsmdàc slràc lb fc`ghm `ãs rãpgnm acfgc bc furcfgöh. Acy plrsmhcs qul hm sl fmhsgnlrch lsplfgcb`lhtl dgbmsödgfcs, pmr bm qul acrãh kglh lh kusfcr mtrm tgpm nl cslsmrc`glhtm. Bc `cymr pcrtl nl bc ilhtl scfc prmvlfam nl bc psgfmbmiàc, plrm bc fm`prlhsgöh nl bcs fmscs hm tlr`ghc caà. ½Fö`m sckrã bm qul nlkl acflr sg hm sl fmhmfl c sà `gs`m= Umr supulstm, fmhmflrsl c sà `gs`m tglhl uhc vlrtglhtl psgfmböigfc, csà fm`m mtrc dàsgfc, plrm, c bc bcric, nlsfukrgr bc lslhfgc `ãs àhtg`c nl su slr ls uhc tcrlc dgbmsödgfc. Vg pcnlfl uhc nlprlsgöh fröhgfc nlkgnm c uh trcu`c sgh rlsmbvlr nlb pcscnm, bc `lngfcfgöh qugzã bl acic slhtgrsl fcpcz nl ackbcr nl lbbm y, pmr fmhsgiuglhtl, rlsubtcrã  prmvlfamsc c fmrtm pbczm. pbczm. Lh cbiu cbiuhms hms pmfms fcsms bm `gs`m `gs`m pulnl cpbg cpbgfcrsl chtl uhc frgsgs `ãs gh`lngctc. C plscr nl tmnm, sg tm`c `lngfcfgöh lh lstcs fgrfuhstchfgcs hm acrã `ãs qul pmspmhlr bm ghlvgtckbl, y cb slhtgrsl `lomr nlkgnm c bc pcstgbbc fmrrlrã lb rglsim nl hm bblvcr c fckm lb trckcom hlflscrgm pcrc acflr drlhtl c bms rltms qul bl lstçh ciucrnchnm y suplrcrbms. Bcs `lngfghcs hm cdlftch cb `uhnm lxtlrgmr: ghfbusm fmh lb au`mr  sucvgzcnm pmr lb Urmzcf, sliugrã tlhglhnm qul trctcr fmh uh oldl nlspgcncnm m fmh uh föhyuil ghdglb m fmh bc kurmfrcfgc kchfcrgc. Bcs rlspulstcs hm lstãh (y huhfc bm lstcrãh) nlhtrm nl uh drcsfm nl pcstgbbcs. Bm `lomr qul lhfmhtrcrã caà ls uh pcbgctgvm tl`pmrcb. Csà fm`m bc `lngfcfgöh ls pmsgkbl qul rlsubtl ÿtgb lh fcsms purc`lhtl psgfmböigfms m 64

 

dgbmsödgfms, bc dgbmsmdàc pulnl prmpmrfgmhcr uhc cyunc fm`pbl`lhtcrgc lh fucbquglr fcsm qul slc trctcnm fmh `lngms dàsgfms m psgfmböigfms. Ghfbusm lh bms fcsms psgqugãtrgfms lh lb slhtgnm `ãs lstrgftm nl bc pcbckrc, fm`m bc hlflsgncn nl bgtgm pcrc uh `chàcfm nlprlsgvm, bc dgbmsmdàc pulnl slr nl cyunc uhc vlz qul lb lhdlr`m sl `ulstrl `çngfc`lhtl lstckbl. Vmpmrtcr uh ngcihöstgfm nl lstl fcbgkrl qugzã bl rlsubtl `ãs dãfgb sg fmhsgiul nlscrrmbbcr  uhc ngspmsgfgöh duhfgmhcb dgbmsödgfc chtl su sgtucfgöh. \hc nl bcs rczmhls pmr bc qul tchtms `lngfcfgöh pcfglhtls trmpglzch fmh ngdgfubtcnls c bc `lngfcfgöh fuchnm ngfac bls nc kulh rlsubtcnm) lspcrc qul,slrnldglbls uh `mnm u mtrm, hm (ghfbusm sl sglhtlh lbbms `gs`ms fuchnm bc tm`ch. Lstm hms bblvc cb hÿfblm nl bc `ãs dgbmsödgfc nl tmncs bcs  prliuhtcs?  prli uhtcs? «½Sugçh smy ym=º ^cb vlz hlflsgtl rlnlsfukrgr su prmpgm slr kcom lb ghdb ghdbuom uom nl bc `lngfcfgöh. W lstm, c su vlz, fmhnufl cb tgpm nl prliuhtcs («½Suç `l acfl slr ym=º «½Suç smy cnl`ãs nl `g fulrpm dàsgfm=º) qul fmhstgtuylh lb pch nl fcnc nàc nl bms dgbösmdms. L@UC^ÀC VÀ, UL[GFGC HM \h kulh tlrcplutc, slc nl bc fbcsl qul slc, mdrlflrã sg`pctàc, l`pctàc y cpmym `mrcb, yngãbmim nl lstlfmh`mnm fmhtrgkugrãcdlftumsm lh irch cftÿc `lngnc c bc uh furcfgöh. tch slhfgbbm lb uh ghngvgnum fm`m kãbsc`mCbim lh `ufams fcsms.fm`m Hm sl hlflsgtc plrgfgc pcrc slr uh kulh fmhslolrm: bc plrgfgc hg sgquglrc ls hlflscrgc. Ls `ufam `ãs g`pmrtchtl bc fcpcfgncn nl lsfufacr, nl l`pctgzcr, nl fm`prlhnlr bm qul lstã ngfglhnm bc mtrc plrsmhc, nl pbchtlcr hulvms puhtms nl vgstc y nl mdrlflr smbufgmhls m lsplrchzc. Bc rlspulstc nl uh pcfglhtl c bc tlrcpgc nlplhnl lh irch pcrtl nlb lstgbm nlb tlrcplutc. Bc fbcsl nl plrsmhc fmh bc qul acrã prmirlsms lh uhc tlrcpgc slrã cqulbbc qul bl ghspgrl fmhdgchzc, fuycs mpghgmhls bl ctrcgich y qul fmhmzfc lol`pbms qul pcrc ustln tlhich slhtgnm. Bc `cymràc nl bcs tlrcpgcs ackbcncs nc rlsubtcnm ircfgcs cb tlrcplutc y c bc kulhc sghtmhàc lhtrl çstl y su fbglhtl, sgh qul bc lsfulbc c bc qul sl cnaglrc ngfam tlrcplutc tlhic qul vlr. nl bm qul bc mtrcCuh plrsmhc bm qul ngic, lb `lrm `ufam ghtlrfc`kgm nl Urlsfghnglhnm gnlcs pulnl slr prmvlfamsm. csà, slc hm mslnltrctc nl bluhc furc ghstchtãhlc. Hm lxgstl uh trctc`glhtm gh`lngctm pcrc lb nmbmr nl `ulbcs l`mfgmhcb: hm acy hghiuhc dmr`c lvgnlhtl nl l`pcstcr bc fcrgls m crrchfcr bc `ulbc. \stln nlkl tlhlr  bc vmbuhtcn nl fm`prlhnlr su prmkbl`c, cprlhnlr c vgvgr fmh çb y sliugr cnlbchtl. Lb cslsmrc`glhtm psgfmböigfm ls uhc `chlrc nl lstungcr y bblicr c uh cfulrnm smkrl sus rlspulstcs l`mfgmhcbls chtl uh prmkbl`c. Ls uh kulh puhtm nl pcrtgnc. Lb cslsmrc`glhtm dgbmsödgfm ls uhc `chlrc nl lstungcr y bblicr c uh cfulrnm smkrl lb prmkbl`c lh sà. Ls uh  kulh puhtm nl bbli licnc. cnc. Lb sliuhnm lhdmqul ls c tmncs bufls bufls `ãs ngrlftm, ngrlftm, puls sl flhtrc lh su dmr`c nl cftucr chtl fucbquglr prmkbl`c, kusfchnm y rlcbgzchnm fuchtms cftms slch hlflscrgms y fmalrlhtls fmh su dgbmsmdàc plrsmhcb, y utgbgzchnm bm qul cprlhnl c `lngnc qul cvchzc pmr bc slhnc nl bc vgnc. Ucrc bc `cymràc nl `gs fbglhtls, lb cslsmrc`glhtm dgbmsödgfm ls uhc tcrlc c fmrtm pbczm. Ucrc bc `cymràc nl bc ilhtl, lb cslsmrc`glhtm psgfmböigfm sl pbchtlc c bcrim pbczm. Bcs 69

 

vgrtunls qul prlslhtch bcs tlrcpgcs qugzã sgihgdgqulh qul fcsg fucbquglr tlrcpgc ls `lomr  qul hghiuhc (cuhqul bc tlrcpgc lqugvmfcnc pulnl slr plmr qul bc cuslhfgc nl tlrcpgc) y qul uh kulh psgföbmim sgl`prl slrã `lomr fmhslolrm qul uh `cb dgbösmdm. C vlfls bc `lomr mpfgöh pulnl slr ackbcr fmh uhc plrsmhc sckgc, tlhic bc dmr`cfgöh qul tlhic. @ufams nl hmsmtrms al`ms rlfgkgnm sckgms fmhsloms nl hulstrms ckulbms, quglhls fmhmfàch y lhtlhnàch `ufacs rlcffgmhls y nuncs nl bcs plrsmhcs pmr lb `lrm alfam nl vgvgnmlsnurchtl tgl`pm lhtrl lbbcs. Lb lqugbgkrgm lhtrl bms lhdmquls psgfmböigfm yacklr dgbmsödgfm bm qul bcrim lh nldghgtgvc slrã `ãs vlhtcomsm pcrc bc `cymràc nl bc ilhtl. @ufams kulhms psgföbmims smh `uy dgbmsödgfms. W bms `lomrls dgbösmdms tc`kgçh smh  psgfmb  psg fmböi öiggfms. Bc psgfmtlrcpgc psgfmtlrcpgc sl prlslhtc lh ghdghg ghdghgtms tms sckmrls, y plsl c sus fmhhmtcfgmhls `çngfcs cftucbls, `l plr`gtm rlfmrncrbl qul lb tçr`ghm «psgfmtlrcpgcº prmflnl nl nms  pcbckrcs  pcb ckrcs irg rgli lics cs qul hm tglhlh tglhlh rlbcfgöh rlbcfgöh cbi cbiuhc fmh bc `lngfghc? `lngfghc? talrcplulgh  sgihgdgfc «prlstcr ctlhfgöh cº cbim, `glhtrcs qul  psyjaç sgihgdgfc «cb`cº, «cbglhtmº m «fcrãftlrº. Csà puls, psgfmtlrcpgc pulnl sgihgdgfcr prlstcr ctlhfgöh cb cb`c, bm qul fmhvglrtl c su  pãrrmfm m rckghm rckghm lh uh psgfmtlrcplutc. psgfmtlrcplutc. ^c`kgçh ^c`kgçh pulnl sgi sgihgdg hgdgfcr fcr prlstcr ctlhfgöh ctlhfgöh cb cbglhtm, bm qul fmhvglrtl c su ghstruftmr nl ymic, prmdlsmr nl dbcutc m `clstrm nl `lngtcfgöh lh uh psgfmtlrcplutc. ^c`kgçh pulnl sgihgdgfcr prlstcr ctlhfgöh cb fcrãftlr, fmh bm qul su fmhslolrm dgbmsödgfm ls c bc vlz uh psgfmtlrcplutc. Bc gnlc nl qul tmnms bms prmkbl`cs plrsmhcbls smh lhdlr`lncnls `lhtcbls fmhstgtuyl  prãftgfc`lhtl  prãftg fc`lhtl uhc lhdlr`lncn `lhtcb lh sà `g `gs`c. s`c. Vu prghfgpcb prghfgpcb fcuschtl ls bc grrldblx grrldblxggöh y bc `lomr furc bc bufgnlz. W caà ls nmhnl bc dgbmsmdàc lhtrc lh oulim.

61

 

6 Lb prmfls prmflsmm ULCFL? fghfm p pcsms csms pcrc llh hdrl drlh htcrsl c bms prmk rmkbl`cs bl`cs fmh dgbmsmdàc Tcfum slrã lb rczmhc`glhtm nlb dgbösmdm qul hm cbgvgl hghiÿh sudrg`glhtm au`chm.  LUGF\[M

Lb prmkbl`c dgbmsödgfm ls slr fmhsfglhtls nlb nlsmrnlh qul rlghc lhtrl bms fmhflptms, y  pulnl rlsmbvlrsl pmhgçhnmb pmhgçhnmbms ms lh mrnlh. B\NYGI B\ NYGI YG^^ILHV^LGH YG ^^ILHV^LGH

Lb cslsmrc`glhtm dgbmsödgfm ls `ãs uh crtl qul uhc fglhfgc y sgl`prl ls ngdlrlhtl fmh fcnc ghngvgnum. ^cb fm`m bc tlrcpgc psgfmböigfc sl prlslhtc nl ghdghgtcs `chlrcs ngstghtcs, lb cslsmrc`glhtm dgbmsödgfm tglhl fm`m `àhg`m tchtcs vcrgchtls fm`m fmhslolrms qul bm  prcftgqulh.  prcftg qulh. \stln pulnl rldblxg rldblxgmhcr mhcr fmh dgbmsmdàc dgbmsmdàc smkrl uh prmkbl`c pmr su fulhtc f ulhtc m fmh bc cyunc nl uh ghtlrbmfutmr hm prmdlsgmhcb. Bc irch prliuhtc ls? «½Fö`m sl acfl=º Cbiuhms fmhslolrms dgbmsödgfms, lhtrl bms qul nlstcfc Ilrn Cfalhkcfa, fmhsgnlrch ustgdgfcnm qul hm lxgstc uh `çtmnm ilhlrcb qul pulnc lxpbgfcrsl m lhslócrsl. Cb dgh y cb fckm, sg hm lxgstl uh `çtmnm ilhlrcb pcrc dgbmsmdcr, ½pmr quç tlhnràc qul acklr uhm pcrc lb cslsmrc`glhtm dgbmsödgfm= Cuh csà, `g lxplrglhfgc `l ac nl`mstrcnm qul `ufams fcsms sl coustch nl `mnm ULCFL.  Fmh lstl sctgsdcftmrgm lh fghfm pcsms cblsqul nlhm`ghm prmflsm  pb  pbchtlc`glht chtlc`glhtmmc uh sl pbchtlc`glhtm mktg mktglhlh lhlh kulhms rlsubtcnms, rlsubtcnms, dãfgb nl sliug sliugr r, y cnl`ãs cfbcrc bms `mtgvms qul ngstchfgch lb cslsmrc`glhtm dgbmsödgfm nl mtrcs dmr`cs nl tlrcpgc ackbcnc. ^cb fm`m vlrã, bc `cymr pcrtl nl bms prmkbl`cs qul sl prlslhtch lh lstl bgkrm sl rlsmbvglrmh `lngchtl lb prmflsm ULCFL.   ^cb vlz lb suym tc`kgçh pulnc `chlocrsl csà. ULCFL  ls uh cfröhg`m nl bcs ghgfgcbls nl bcs fghfm ltcpcs qul fm`pmhlh lb prmflsm?  prmkbl`c,  prmkb l`c, l`mfgöh, l`mfgöh, chãbg chãbgsgs, sgs, fmhtl`pbcfg fmhtl`pbcfgöh öh y lqugb lqugbgkrg krgm. m. Lb cfröhg`m cfröhg`m ls cnlfucnm, yc qul lstms pcsms fmhstgtuylh lb fc`ghm `ãs sliurm pcrc cbfchzcr uhc pcz ghtlrgmr  nurcnlrc. Bms nms prg`lrms pcsms lh`crfch lb csuhtm, y bc `cymràc nl plrsmhcs pcsc pmr lstcs ltcpcs nl dmr`c hcturcb. Hm hlflsgtch qul hcngl bls cyunl c gnlhtgdgfcr lb prmkbl`c,

cuhqul nltlr`ghcncs mfcsgmhls fmhvglhl l ghfbusm rldghcr lstll`mfgmhls), puhtm. Vu rlcffgöh lh l`mfgmhcb ls gh`lngctc y fbcrc (hcnglrlvgscr tglhl qul cprlhnlr c slhtgr cuhqul lstm tc`kgçh pmnràc slr mkoltm nl uhc rldblxgöh ubtlrgmr. Bcs nms ltcpcs sgiuglhtls 67

 

lstungch lb prmkbl`c nl `chlrc prmirlsgvc, y cuhqul `ufacs plrsmhcs smh  plrdlftc`lhtl fcpcfls nl acflrb acflrbmm pmr su fulhtc, sulbl sulbl rlsubtcr rlsubtcr vlhtcomsm fmhtcr fmh uh ghtlrbmfutmr m uh iuàc pcrc lxpbmrcr hulvms tlrrgtmrgms. Lb tlrflr pcsm bl fmhnufl `ãs cbbã qul fcsg tmnc bc psgfmbmiàc y bc psgqugctràc, y lb fucrtm bl sgtÿc nl pblhm lh bc lsdlrc dgbmsödgfc. Bc ÿbtg`c ltcpc ghfmrpmrc c su vgnc bm qul ac cprlhngnm lh fcnc uhm nl bms fuctrm pcsms chtlrgmrls, pulstm qul bms pbchtlc`glhtms `lrc`lhtl ghtlblftucbls hm rlsubtch prãftgfms `lhms qul sl slpc nl fö`m utgbgzcrbms. Grç nchnm uhc clxpbgfcfgöh krlvl fcnc pcsm pcrc `mstrcrbl fö`m duhfgmhc lb  prmflsm. Bulim Bulim rltrmflnlrç y bms lxpb lxpbgfcrç fmh `ãs nltcbb nltcbbl, ci cirlichn rlichnmm uh fcsm tgpm tgpm pcrc qul pulnc vlr lb prmflsm lh cffgöh. Fcnc uhm nl bms fcpàtubms nl bc Vliuhnc pcrtl tc`kgçh nlsfrgkl fm`m `àhg`m uh fcsm sgiuglhnm lb prmflsm ULCFL. Cb lhdrlhtcrsl c uh csuhtm nlsnl uhc öptgfc dgbmsödgfc, bm prg`lrm qul fckl acflr ls gnlhtgdgfcr lb pr  prmkbl`c. mkbl`c. Umr lol`pbm, su pcnrl lstã `urglhnm, m sl ac qulncnm sgh trckcom m su lspmsc bl lhicóc fmh mtrm. Hmr`cb`lhtl, fuchnm tlhl`ms uh prmkbl`c, bm sckl`ms, y bc `cymràc nl hmsmtrms fulhtc fmh uh `lfchgs`m nl cbcr`c ghtlrhm qul sl ngspcrc fuchnm hlflsgtc`ms cyunc m rlfursms fm`pbl`lhtcrgms. Acy vlfls lh bcs qul fmhfrltcr lb prmkbl`c ls `ãs fm`pbgfcnm nl bm qul pcrlfl, nl `mnm qul lstc ltcpc  pulnl qul bl rlquglrc fglrtm lsdulrzm, smkl tmnm sg bms bms pcrã`ltrms nlb csuhtm qul bl ctcól hm rlsubtch lvgnlhtls. Lh sliuhnm buicr, nlkl acflr cfmpgm nl bcs l`mfgmhls qul bl prmvmfc lb prmkbl`c. Vl trctc nl uhc fmhtckgbgncn ghtlrhc. Nlkl lxplrg`lhtcr l`mfgmhls ilhughcs y fchcbgzcrbcs nl dmr`c fmhstruftgvc. Bc psgfmbmiàc y bc psgqugctràc hm sulblh prmirlscr `ãs cbbã nl lstc ltcpc, nl caà qul su utgbgncn lstç bg`gtcnc. Vgiuglhnm bms lol`pbms nl `ãs crrgkc, sus l`mfgmhls prmkckbl`lhtl slch uhc fm`kghcfgöh nl cdbgffgöh, rckgc y trgstlzc, cuhqul qugzã bl supmhic uh pmfm nl lsdulrzm bblicr c lstc fmhfbusgöh. Lh lb tlrflr pcsm, chãbgsgs, ustln lhu`lrc y lxc`ghc bcs mpfgmhls nl qul ngspmhl pcrc rlsmbvlr lb prmkbl`c. Bc smbufgöh gnlcb slràc bc qul hmr`cbgzcrc tchtm bms csplftms lxtlrhms (lb prmkbl`c) fm`m bms ghtlrhms (bcs l`mfgmhls qul ac nlsplrtcnm lb prmkbl`c),  plrm bc smbufg smbufgöh öh gnlcb hm sgl`prl sgl`prl lstã c su cbfchfl. Ucrc Uc rc sliug sliugrr fmh uh lol`pbm, lol`pbm, ncr bc mrnlh nl qul nlsfmhlftlh c su pcnrl cimhgzchtl nl bc `ãqughc qul bm `chtglhl fmh vgnc tcb vlz slc bm `lomr pcrc çb plrm tc`kgçh bm `ãs nurm pcrc ustln. Uulnl pmhlr bc nlfgsgöh lh `chms nl bms `çngfms, m nlocr qul bm nlfgnc su alr`chm m nlfgngr fmhtghucr fmh uhms dÿtgbls fugncnms ghtlhsgvms: çstms smh bms ngstghtms fc`ghms qul tglhl qul rlfmrrlr  `lhtcb`lhtl pcrc acbbcr lb `ãs cprmpgcnm. Lh bc fucrtc ltcpc, ustln nc uh pcsm ctrãs, ichc fglrtc plrsplftgvc, y fmhtl`pbc  su sgtucfgöh lh fmhouhtm. Bblicnms c lstl puhtm, yc ackrã fbcsgdgfcnm lh fctlimràcs fcnc uhc nl bcs ltcpcs fmh vgstcs c `chlocrbcs. Camrc tglhl qul acflr trckcocr c tmnm su flrlkrm  pcrc ghtlircrbcs. htlircrbcs. Lh buicr uicr nl nltlhlrsl lh uh ãrkmb nltlr`ghcnm, lstungc lstungc lb fmhtmrhm nlb  kmsqul. Ls nlfgr, nlfgr, fub fubtg tgvc vc uhc vgsg vgsgöh öh dgb dgbmsödgfc msödgfc uhgdg uhgdgfcnc fcnc nl su sgtucfg sgtucfgöh öh lh fmhouhtm? lb  prmkbl`c  prmkb l`c tcb fm`m sl bl prlslhtc, su rlcffg rlcff göh l`mfgmhcb y bcs mpfgmhls qul ac chcb c hcbggzcnm cb rlsplftm. Lh lstl puhtm yc lstã prlpcrcnm pcrc fmhsgnlrcr `çtmnms, sgstl`cs y lhdmquls dgbmsödgfms pcrc ckmrncr bc sgtucfgöh qul bl cdlftc lh su ibmkcbgncn. Bcs ngstghtcs >5

 

dgbmsmdàcs mdrlflh ghtlrprltcfgmhls ngdlrlhtls nl su sgtucfgöh csà fm`m prlsfrgpfgmhls ngvlrilhtls nl bm qul acy qul acflr cb rlsplftm, fuchnm bm acy. Lh lb lol`pbm nl lhdrlhtcrsl c bc `ulrtl nl su pcnrl, hlflsgtc pmhnlrcr sus gnlcs smkrl bc fcbgncn nl vgnc, bcs rlspmhsckgbgncnls qul tglhl fmhtrcàncs fmh bms nl`ãs, bc çtgfc nl nlsfmhlftcr lb smpmrtl vgtcb nl uh lhdlr`m y lb plsm rlbctgvm nl vcbmrls grrlfmhfgbgckbls. ^glhl qul cnmptcr, `lngchtl bc fmhtl`pbcfgöh, uhc pmsturc dgbmsödgfc qul cb `gs`m tgl`pm sl ustgdgqul pmr `çrgtms y lstç lh fmh bc hcturcblzc nl su plrsmhc. Dghcb`lhtl, nlspuçsprmpgms nl lhuhfgcr lb fmhsmhchfgc prmkbl`c, lxprlscr sus l`mfgmhls, chcbgzcr sus mpfgmhls y fmhtl`pbcr bc sgtucfgöh nlsnl uhc pmsturc dgbmsödgfc, cbfchzcrã lb lqugbgkrgm. Lhtlhnlrã bc lslhfgc nl su prmkbl`c y lstcrã prlpcrcnm pcrc l`prlhnlr cftms cnlfucnms y oustgdgfckbls. Vl slhtgrã lqugbgkrcnm y tc`kgçh ngspulstm c cdrmhtcr bms ghlvgtckbls fc`kgms qul bl lsplrch. Umr lol`pbm, sg ac nlfgngnm nlsfmhlftcr lb rlspgrcnmr nl su  pcnrl, lstcrã sliurm sliurm nl qul ackràc sgnm sgnm bm qul çb aukglsl nlslcnm y qul, c plscr nl qul su `ulrtl supmhic uh nurm imbpl pcrc ustln, ls rlspmhsckgbgncn suyc fu`pbgr sus nlslms tch kglh fm`m pulnc pmr `ãs ngdàfgb qul slc bc sgtucfgöh. LB U[MFLVM ULCFL Cbiuhcs plrsmhcs smh fcpcfls nl fukrgr bcs fghfm ltcpcs lh uhc ÿhgfc slsgöh nl cslsmrc`glhtm: c mtrcs, lb prmflsm ULCFL  bls bblvcrã sl`chcs m `lsls. Bc fchtgncn nl tgl`pm vcrgcrã lh duhfgöh nlb fbglhtl y nl bc sgtucfgöh. @ufams fbglhtls yc ach pcscnm  pmr bcs trls prg`lrcs prg`lrcs ltcpcs (gnlhtg (gnlhtgdg dgfcr fcr lb prmkbl`c, lxprlscr lxprlscr bcs l`mfgmhls, l`mfgmhls, chcbg chcbgzcr bcs mpfgmhls) chtls nl smbgfgtcr cslsmrc`glhtm dgbmsödgfm. Fuchnm ls csà, lb prmflsm fmhtghÿc  pcrtglhnm  pcrtg lhnm nl bc ltcpc nl fmhtl`pbcfg fmhtl`pbcfgöh. öh. \stln nlkl cvchzcr c su prmpgm prmpgm rg rgt`m, t`m, tchtm sg rldblxgmhc pmr su fulhtc fm`m sg bm acfl fmh uh c`gim m fmh uh prmdlsgmhcb prlpcrcnm. Fcnc uhm nl hmsmtrms lstã flhtrcnm lh su prmpgm slr y fmhtl`pbc lb `uhnm nlsnl uhc  pmsgfg  pmsg fgöh öh lstrctçig lstrctçigfc. U mnl`ms plrfgkg plrfgkgrr bc lxgstlhfg lxgstlhfgcc fm`m uhc `lrc slrgl nl cfmhtlfg`glhtms qul hms suflnlh c hmsmtrms y c hulstrm cbrlnlnmr, m kglh pmnl`ms csu`gr pcrtl nl rlspmhsckgbgncn lh `ufacs nl bmbcs`cbm fmscsy qul mfurrlh.nlLstmnm ghalrlhtl c bc hcturcblzc au`chc plhscr bm prg`lrm nl tmnm bm sliuhnm bm kulhm. Fuchnm bc trcilngc bl cbfchzc, sliurm qul tcrnl m tl`prchm `ur`urc? «½Umr quç c `à=º Cuhqul lsc prliuhtc hm sl bc dmr`ubcrã huhfc quglh cfckl nl ichcr bc bmtlràc. Vg hulstrms agoms scklh fm`pmrtcrsl y scfch kulhcs hmtcs, hms dlbgfgtc`ms pmr bm kglh qul bms al`ms lnufcnm. Vg sl pmrtch `cb y smh nlsmklnglhtls, bms fubpc`ms nl lbbm. Cflptcr  bc rlspmhsckgbgncn nl bms cfmhtlfg`glhtms pmsgtgvms y nlslhtlhnlrsl nl bms hlictgvms ls uhc `chlrc nl prmtlilr y vlbcr pmr hulstrms ghtlrlsls, y hm fckl bc `lhmr nunc nl qul Amkkls hm chnckc lrrcnm cb ghsgstgr lh qul bcs plrsmhcs kãsgfc`lhtl «sl rlspltch c sà `gs`csº. Fuchnm sl ngspmhic c nldghgr lb prmkbl`c cb qul sl lhdrlhtc, prmfurl cvlrgiucr bm qul mfurrl sgh l`gtgr ougfgms. Lstcrã fmhtl`pbchnm bm qul bms dgbösmdms nlhm`ghch «dlhö`lhmsº, ls nlfgr, suflsms lxtlrhms c ustln, alfams qul lxgstlh fmh ghnlplhnlhfgc nl sus frllhfgcs, slhtg`glhtms m nlslms cb rlsplftm. Uglhsl lh lstc ltcpc fm`m lh bc >3

 

dlhm`lhcb, sg bl csm`c bc vlhc dgbmsödgfc. ^cb fm`m hms lhslóc lb Wgoghi,  bcs fmscs fc`kgch sgh flscr, nl `mnm qul sgl`prl vc`ms lhfmhtrchnm sgtucfgmhls hulvcs. Umr sulrtl pcrc hmsmtrms, `chloc`ms pmr rutghc bc `cymr pcrtl nl sgtucfgmhls. Hm tlhl`ms qul lxc`ghcr fcnc hulvm lstcnm nl fmscs, yc qul fmhtc`ms fmh bcs fmhvlhfgmhls smfgcbls y bms aãkgtms plrsmhcbls pcrc iugcrhms pmr bc `cymr pcrtl nl fc`ghms. Nl lstl `mnm, fuchnm chcbgfl su sgtucfgöh, tglhl qul nltlr`ghcr quç ls uh `lrm dlhö`lhm y quç lb vlrncnlrm prmkbl`c pcrc ustln. Vupmhic`ms `m`lhtm) qul ustln hmfmhstgtuyl ls lb fcuschtl nl bc sgtucfgöh prlslhtl: ustln vgvl su vgnc y(nl sl  prlmfupc nl sus csuhtms (`ãs cnlb cnlbchtl, chtl, lh bms pcsms tlrflrm y fucrtm nl lstl prmflsm, nlklrã chcbgzcr lh quç `lngnc ls rlspmhsckbl nl lbbc fmh vgstcs c fmhtrmbcr bc pcrtl qul bl fmrrlspmhnc). Uulnl qul ustln sl lhfulhtrl gh`lrsm lh uh `cr nl nuncs, plrm ustln hm ls lb mfçchm. Fcnc vlz qul trmpglzc fmh cbim qul sl scbl nl bm fmrrglhtl, cbim pcrc bm qul hm ngspmhl nl uhc rlcffgöh prlvgstc, lxplrg`lhtc uhc rlspulstc l`mfgmhcb. Lb sgstl`c bà`kgfm, bc  pcrtl `ãs chtgi chtgiuc nlb flrlkrm, ilhlrc bc dgsg dgsgmb mbmi miàc àc nl bc l`mfgöh? l`mfgöh? rlspulstcs cutm`ãtgfcs cutm`ãtgfcs (ackbchnm tçfhgfc`lhtl, cutöhm`cs) c bms lstà`ubms. Hm mkstchtl, bc lxplrglhfgc nl bc l`mfgöh tglhl buicr lh uhc pcrtl suplrgmr nlb flrlkrm, nmhnl sus rlspulstcs dgsgmböigfcs smh ghtlrprltcncs y ltgqultcncs. Vl trctc nl uhc fcbbl nl slhtgnm ÿhgfm. Lstc slpcrcfgöh icrchtgzc qul ustln hm pulnc fmhtrmbcr uhc l`mfgöh pmr lb `lrm alfam nl rlfmhmflrbc, csplftm qul pcsch pmr cbtm `ufams psgföbmims y psgqugctrcs qul flhtrch su trckcom lh acflr prlfgsc`lhtl lsm. Lhtlhnlr qul lstã lhdcncnm hm cbtlrcrã bc rlspulstc nl su fulrpm cb lhdcncrsl (p. lo., ghfrl`lhtm nlb rgt`m fcrnàcfm, slfrlfgöh nl cnrlhcbghc). [lfmhmflr bc l`mfgöh fmhstgtuyl uhc ghdmr`cfgöh vcbgmsc, söbm qul ngfac rlvlbcfgöh hm fmhtglhl lb slhtg`glhtm. \hc vlz qul ac tlhgnm lb slhtg`glhtm y bm ac gnlhtgdgfcnm, bc tlrflrc pcrtl nl lstl pcsm fmhsgstl lh lxprlscrbm nl bc dmr`c cnlfucnc. Lb alfam nl lxprlscrbm tc`pmfm pmhnrã puhtm dghcb cb slhtg`glhtm, nctm nlb qul tc`kgçh nlklràch tm`cr hmtc bms psgföbmims y psgqugctrcs, plrm lxprlscrbm nl uh `mnm ghcprmpgcnm  prmkckbl`lhtl  prmkckb l`lhtl l`plmrcrã su sgtucfgöh. sgtucfgöh. @lngchtl lb chãbgsgs, ustln l`prlhnl lb prmflsm nl rlsmbvlr su prmkbl`c acfglhnm ghvlhtcrgm nl bcs mpfgmhls nl qul ngspmhl. Uulnl qul ustln sl ngic? «Kulhm, tlhim lstl  prmkbl`c  prmkb l`c qul `l acfl nlsi nlsircfg rcfgcnm: cnm: ½quç pulnm acflr cb rlsplftm=º Bc dmr`c `ãs fmrrglhtl nl ilhlrcr cbtlrhctgvcs ls pmr chcbmiàc. Vg bm qul bl mfurrl yc bm ac lxplrg`lhtcnm y rlsulbtm fmh chtlrgmrgncn, sckl `uy kglh quç nlkl acflr y quç hm nlkl acflr, lh duhfgöh nl fö`m prmflnglrc lh uhc mfcsgöh chtlrgmr. ^c`kgçh pulnl `lngtcr  smkrl bm qul bl suflngö c su `lomr c`gim, m smkrl bm qul ac vgstm lh uhc plbàfubc m smkrl bm qul blc lh lstl bgkrm. Acbbcr puhtms lh fm`ÿh fmh mtrcs sgtucfgmhls (frlcr uhc chcbmiàc) ls uh `çtmnm `uy druftàdlrm pcrc fm`prlhnlr bcs ngdgfubtcnls qul bl ckru`ch. Sugzã hm fc`kgl sus slhtg`glhtms cflrfc nlb prmkbl`c, plrm pulnl cyuncrbl c fm`prlhnlr `lomr fö`m m pmr quç lstã suflnglhnm y fmhtrgkugr c qul ustln ilhlrl bcs rlcffgmhls pmsgkbls. Bcs tlrcpgcs psgfmböigfcs hm vch `ãs cbbã nlb chãbgsgs, sg ls qul bblich c gr tch bloms. Bc `cymràc hm bm acfl: sl ctcsfc lh uhc ghtlr`ghckbl «vcbgncfgöhº nl l`mfgmhls. Bms >;

 

 psgqugctrcs  psgqug ctrcs tglhnlh tglhnlh c nlscblhtcr nlscblhtcr lb lstungm lstungm rczmhcnm nl uh prmkbl`c prmkbl`c y, lh fc`kgm, sl flhtrch lh bcs l`mfgmhls pcrc iugcrbl nl rlirlsm c bc ghdchfgc. Umnràc acflr lstc fbcsl nl trckcom nurchtl cóms sgh fmhsliugr slhtgrsl `lomr. Umr mtrc pcrtl, `ufacs plrsmhcs trckcoch smkrl bcs trls prg`lrcs lstcpcs nlb prmflsm ULCFL  pmr su fulhtc plrm hm  prmduhngzch  prmduhng zch lh fmhtl`pbcfg fmhtl`pbcfgöh öh y lqugb lqugbgkrg krgm, m, pmr bm qul hm bmirch bmirch ncr fmh bc smbufgöh smbufgöh c sus  prmkbl`cs.  prmkb l`cs. Lstm hms bblvc bc fmhtl`pbcfgöh y c su bc mkoltgvm ghtlircfgöh nl tmnc bc ghdmr`cfgöh qul ac rluhgnm lh bms trlsc prg`lrms pcsms. Camrc fmhsgstl lh cnmptcr uhc ngspmsgfgöh (uhc cftgtun, uhc `chlrc nl vlr) pcrc fmh su sgtucfgöh ilhlrcb. Lh lb ngffgmhcrgm fm`prmkcrã qul «ngspmsgfgöhº  sgihgdgfc «tlhnlhfgc nm`ghchtl, ghfbghcfgöh, au`mr m tl`plrc`lhtmº. Fuchnm uh cn`grcnmr bl ngfl qul ls uhc plrsmhc kglh ngspulstc, lsm ls lh bm qul lstã plhschnm. Vgh l`kcrim, lh lstl bgkrm, ngspmsgfgöh ls mtrc dmr`c nl nlfgr   plrsplftgvc  plrsplftg vc dgb dgbmsödgfc. msödgfc. Ucrc Ucr c lhfmhtrcr bc suyc, tglhl tglhl qul rltrmflnlr uh pcsm, ngstchfgãhnmsl nl bc gh`lngctlz nlb prmkbl`c, nl bc dulrzc nl sus l`mfgmhls y nl bc böigfc nl su chãbgsgs. Lb pcsm frufgcb ls cnmptcr uh c`pbgm puhtm nl vgstc dgbmsödgfm pcrc fmhtl`pbcr bc sgtucfgöh lh qul sl acbbc lh su ibmkcbgncn: sg bm bmirc, slrã fcpcz nl rlfmhfgbgcrsl fmhsgim `gs`m y sliugr cnlbchtl. Uulnl qul fmhsgic lhfmhtrcr uhc dgbmsmdàc qul sl acic lfm nl sus gnlcs lh bc mkrc nl uh dgbösmdm fmhmfgnm, tchtm blylhnm sus lsfrgtms fm`m cprlhnglhnm bms csplftms `ãs nlstcfcnms fmh uh dgbösmdm nl dmr`cfgöh. Fmh tmnc sliurgncn ustln pmsll uhc dgbmsmdàc  plrsmhcb,, cuhqul hm bm sudgfglht  plrsmhcb sudgfglhtl`lhtl l`lhtl fmhsfg fmhsfglhtl lhtl m lb lbckmrcnc ckmrcnc fm`m pcrc qul pulnc slrvgrsl nl lbbc. Csà puls, bm `ãs prmkckbl ls qul hlflsgtl uh iuàc, m uh lsplom, qul bl cyunl c scfcr su dgbmsmdàc c bc suplrdgfgl, nmhnl bl slc pmsgkbl vlrbc y trckcocr fmh lbbc. \hc ngspmsgfgöh sl sglhtl fm`m cbim ilhughc`lhtl prmpgm. Ls `ãs fm`m nlslhtlrrcr uhc  pglnrc  pg lnrc prlfgmsc prlfgmsc qul fm`m dckrgfcr dckrgfcr uhc alrrc`glhtc. Vg cnmptc uhc ngspmsg ngspmsgfg fgöh öh dgbmsödg dgbmsödgfc fc qul hm sglhtc lh su dulrm ghtlrhm, bm ÿhgfm qul lstcrã acfglhnm slrã fm`plhscr su sgtucfgöh m rcfgmhcbgzcrbc. Hm acbbcrã uh cbgvgm rlcb y nurcnlrm. Uulnl qul ghfbusm nlsfukrc qul bc ngspmsgfgöh cnmptcnc lh rlcbgncn l`plmrc lb prmkbl`c y qul sg lbgil mtrc su vgnc pulnl fc`kgcr. Lstl tgpm nl fc`kgm ls alr`msm, fm`m bc `ltc`mrdmsgs nl uhc frgsãbgnc lh `crgpmsc. ^mnm fc`kgc, y bc fbcvl pcrc scfcr lb `lomr prmvlfam nlb fc`kgm ls su ngspmsgfgöh. C vlfls pglhsm lh lstl pcsm fm`m lh bc ltcpc flrlkrcb m fmhflptucb (`ãs pcbckrcs fmh F). Ngim flrlkrcb pmrqul ustln trckcoc fmh lb ghtlblftm y bcs l`mfgmhls? fmh tmnm lb flrlkrm. W ls prlfgsm qul ustln fmhfgkc fö`m lhfcoch tmncs bcs pcrtls, tmnms bms lbl`lhtms nl su sgtucfgöh, tmnms bms lbl`lhtms nl su `uhnm, tmnms bms lbl`lhtms nl su dgbmsmdàc. Lhfmhtrcr lstc uhgncn ls bm qul bl plr`gtgrã suplrcr lb prmkbl`c. Vg lstã  kbmqulcnm  kb mqulcnm pmr uh prmkbl`c, prmkbl`c, bm qul hlflsgtc hlflsgtc ls ncr fmh uh cvchfl fmhflptucb, fmhflptucb, puls sus rlspulstcs ackgtucbls hm kcstch. Lh lb pcsm dghcb, cbfchzc lb lqugbgkrgm. Fmh su rlfgçh cnqugrgnc m plrdgbcnc ngspmsgfgöh,  pmhl lh `crfac su `lomr cbtlrhctg cbtlrhctgvc vc l ghfmrpmrc c su vgnc vgnc nl `chlrc fmhfrltc tmnm bm qul ac cprlhngnm. Vu prmkbl`c nloc nl slr uh prmkbl`c, y ustln rlfmkrc su ackgtucb (cuhqul camrc `lomrcnc) dmr`c nl slr, bgkrl nl prlmfupcfgmhls, acstc bc pröxg`c vlz lh >6

 

qul bcs fgrfuhstchfgcs fmhspgrlh pcrc acflrbl plrnlr lb lqugbgkrgm. Vgl`prl acy uh fglrtm tc`kcblm: hcngl `chtglhl uhc lstckgbgncn plr`chlhtl. Hm mkstchtl, sg rlcb`lhtl acfl suym lb prmflsm ULCFL,  lstcrã `lomr prlpcrcnm pcrc lhdrlhtcrsl cb duturm. \hc vlz qul sl lhfulhtrc uhc ngspmsgfgöh ldgfcz, çstc hm nlscpcrlfl. Hm acy `mnm nl cimtcrbc. Uulnl rlfurrgr y vmbvlr c utgbgzcr tmnm bm qul bl ngm rlsubtcnm chtl uhcs fgrfuhstchfgcs fmhfrltcs lh fucbquglr sgtucfgöh sl`lochtl qul sl bl prlslhtl. Bm qul bl nc rlsubtcnm sl rldulrzc y, c bc ghvlrsc, bm qul duhfgmhc sl slnlsfcrtc. Vg cvchzc dghcb, huhfc vmbvlrã c bc fcsgbbc nl hm scbgnc. Vu vgnc lhrgqulflrã, ghfbusmacstc trcs bclstc `ãsltcpc nlsmbcnmrc nl bcs trcilngcs, sg ls fcpcz nl cprlhnlr smkrl sà `gs`m `chlochnm su lxplrglhfgc y cbfchzchnm lb lqugbg l qugbgkrgm. krgm. C vlfls bbc`m lslhfgcb (mtrc pcbckrc fmh L) c lstl ÿbtg`m pcsm, puls pcrc fuchnm ustln bbliul c çb, ackrã fm`prlhngnm bc lslhfgc nl su sgtucfgöh. Ackrã nlsfukglrtm hm söbm bc lslhfgc nl su prmkbl`c, sghm tc`kgçh cbim lslhfgcb pcrc ustln. Lstc rlvlbcfgöh ls bc qul bl plr`gtl rlsmbvlr lb prmkbl`c prlslhtl y bl prlpcrc pcrc lb sgiuglhtl. Bcs smbufgmhls cksmbutcs hm sgl`prl smh pmsgkbls, nl `mnm qul bc rlsmbufgöh ls lb mkoltgvm `ãs cprmpgcnm lh bc `cymràc nl fcsms. Lstl pcsm tc`kgçh ls lslhfgcb pmrqul bl plr`gtl sliugr  cvchzchnm. Uulnl qul ustln bbliul c slr dgbmsödgfc`lhtl cutmsudgfglhtl y qul yc hm vulbvc c hlflsgtcr `ãs cslsmrc`glhtm (scbvm qul nlfgnc fmhtghucr `ãs cbbã nl bms rung`lhtms). \hc ngspmsgfgöh qul fmhnuzfc cb lqugbgkrgm ls cbim qul bblvcrã fmhsgim vcyc nmhnl vcyc. Hm ls cbim qul sl iucrnl lh lb kmtgquàh y qul sl scqul pcrc `gtgicr uh sàhtm`c nlscircnckbl. ^c`pmfm ls cbim nl bm qul ustln nlplhnc, fm`m pulnl suflnlr  fmh uh tlrcplutc m uh `lngfc`lhtm. Ls cbim qul dmr`c pcrtl nl ustln. ½S\Ç ^GLHLH LH FM@ßH UCKBM FCVCBV W @C[J ^YCGH= Bms nms prg`lrms pcsms nlb prmflsm ULCFL smh fmhmfgnms ircfgcs c `gs prlnlflsmrls lh bms fc`pms nl bc psgfmbmiàc y bc cutmcyunc. W tcb fm`m al cdgr`cnm, `ufacs plrsmhcs sl ckrlh fc`ghm c trcvçs nl lstc prg`lrc pcrtl nlb bcklrghtm pmr su fulhtc y bulim smbgfgtch cyunc. Uulstm qul `çtmnm bms pcsms fucrtmy tc`kgçh (chãbgsgs bms y fmhtl`pbcfgöh) bms qul ngdlrlhfgch c lstl nl tlrflrm mtrms cby usm, `ãs hulvms y smh ngdàfgbls nl cprlalhnlr, qugsglrc cfbcrcrbms `lngchtl nms lol`pbms. Lstms lol`pbms fmhfglrhlh c  plrsmhcols dc`msms qul cftucrmh fm`m sus prmpgms prmpgms fmhslolrms dg dgbbmsödg msödgfms. fms. @ãs cnlbchtl, lh lstl `gs`m fcpàtubm, vlrl`ms uh fcsm nl `g fmhsubtc. Lb irch vgmbmhflbgstc Uckbm Fcscbs uhc vlz sl rm`pgö uh krczm lh uh cffgnlhtl nl lsquà y tuvm qul bblvcrbm lhylscnm nurchtl slgs sl`chcs. Lb prmkbl`c cb qul sl lhdrlhtckc lstckc kglh fbcrm? bblvcr lb krczm lhylscnm fcusckc lstrcims lh su cilhnc l ghtlrru`pàc su fcrrlrc. Vu rlcffgöh l`mfgmhcb prmkckbl`lhtl dulsl uhc `lzfbc nl drustrcfgöh, chsglncn, chmhcnc`glhtm, nlprlsgöh y `glnm. Vu chãbgsgs fucnrckc fmh tmncs bcs fm`pbgfcfgmhls bmiàstgfcs? fchflbcr m pmspmhlr fmhfglrtms, cfungr c fgtcs fmh `çngfms y dgsgmtlrcplutcs, bbc`cr furcnm, c su cilhtl, fmhtrctms, pbchgdgfcr bc rlackgbgtcfgöh uhc vlz qul lb krczm lstuvglrc y csà rlvgscr suflsgvc`lhtl. Flblkrö bc ghngsplhsckbl rulnc nl prlhsc pcrc fm`uhgfcr bc hmtgfgc c sus cn`grcnmrls. >>

 

Bms plrgmngstcs fmhirlicnms qugzãs lsplrckch lhfmhtrcrbm ckctgnm: sgh l`kcrim, cpcrlfgö rcngchtl nl dlbgfgncn. Bl prliuhtcrmh pmr quç lstckc tch fmhtlhtm. «Umrqul camrc hm tlhim qul lhscycrº, rlspmhngö. @l csm`krcràc qul Uckbm Fcscbs aukglsl fmhsubtcnm c uh fmhslolrm dgbmsödgfm, plrm qulnc `chgdglstm qul fcptö fmh tmnc fbcrgncn bc g`pmrtchfgc nl bc ltcpc fmhtl`pbctgvc cb acflr drlhtl c uh prmkbl`c. Kusfö lh su dulrm ghtlrhm bc cftgtun `ãs klhldgfgmsc ncncs bcs fgrfuhstchfgcs. mkvgm mptö qul pmr lrc fmhsfglhtl bms fmhstruftgvms. lbl`lhtms nlstruftgvms bc sgtucfgöh plrm, lh Ls fc`kgm, flhtrcrsl lhnl bms Fmhtl`pbönlsus rlstrgffgmhls fm`m cbim bgklrcnmr, hm bg`gtcnmr. [lpbchtlö lb csuhtm, prliuhtãhnmsl? «½Suç pulnm acflr nurchtl bcs pröxg`cs slgs sl`chcs qul lh fgrfuhstchfgcs hmr`cbls hm  pmnràc acflr=º Hm sç sg sl dul nl vcfcfgmhls vcfcfgmhls c ^cagtà, ^cagtà, sg agzm agzm nl tcaÿr `chfm lh bms fcsghms m sg pcsö lsl tgl`pm lh fm`pcóàc nl sus c`gims, plrm fmh tmnc sliurgncn tuvm `ãs mpfgmhls nurchtl lsl plràmnm qul lh fmhngfgmhls hmr`cbls, yc qul su tcblhtm lrc rlqulrgnm fmhstchtl`lhtl. Bc ngspmsgfgöh qul cnmptö bl plr`gtgö scfcr lb `lomr pcrtgnm nl su sgtucfgöh. Lh fcsm nl qul ustln fmhsgnlrl qul hm tglhl lsc fbcsl nl slrlhgncn, plr`àtc`l qul bl  prlslhtl mtrm lol`pbm lol`pbm chtls nl qul nlfgnc qul lstã dulrc d ulrc nl su cbfchfl. @crj ^wcgh lrc fcsg tch dc`msm pmr su tl`plrc`lhtm vlal`lhtl fm`m pmr sus bmirms bgtlrcrgms. Fmstckc  pmfm prmvmfcrbl, prmvmfcrbl, y pulnl lstcr sli sliurm urm nl qul su grc lrc dub`ghch dub`ghchtl. tl. Fuchnm sl mdlhnàc, su mpfgöh nl rçpbgfc lrc lsfrgkgr uhc fcrtc `mrncz. Ulrm lhtmhfls sgl`prl iucrnckc bc fcrtc lh lb ckrgim nurchtl trls nàcs. Vg pcscnms trls nàcs sliuàc lhmocnm, bc lfackc cb fmrrlm. Fmh drlfulhfgc su lhdcnm sl ackàc ngsgpcnm, y qul`ckc bc `gsgvc. Lstc fmstu`krl qugzãs acyc supulstm uhc pçrngnc pcrc `ufams cn`grcnmrls qul fmngfgcràch uhc fmpgc nl lsms lsfrgtms, plrm sgh nunc bl agzm uh dcvmr c ^wcgh, c sus c`gims y c sus fmhmfgnms. Cpulstm c qul ^wcgh utgbgzckc lscs fcrtcs pcrc nldghgr lb prmkbl`c, lxprlscr sus l`mfgmhls (föblrc, lh lslhfgc) y chcbgzcr sus mpfgmhls (cbiuhcs nl bcs fucbls fmh tmnc flrtlzc lrch `crcvgbbmsc`lhtl irãdgfcs). Vgh l`kcrim, su pmsturc fmhtl`pbctgvc fmhsgstàc lh prcftgfcr bcs vgrtunls nl bc pcfglhfgc, bc g`pcrfgcbgncn, bc rldblxgöh y bc vmbuhtcn nl fc`kgm. Fmh bm fmhmfgnc qul lrc bc dmimsgncn nl ^wcgh, hm ackràc pmngnm `mstrcr lb fm`lng`glhtm nlb qul acfàc icbc sg hm aukglsl `mstrcnm uhc ngspmsgfgöh dcvmrckbl acfgc lstcs vgrtunls. ^chtm sg lhvgckc bc fcrtc pmr fmrrlm fm`m sg hm, utgbgzckc c`kcs fmscs, bc fcrtc y bc trliuc nl trls nàcs, pcrc rlfmkrcr lb lqugbgkrgm. Cuhqul nunm qul dulrc fmhsfglhtl nl lbbm, ^wcgh sl acfàc lfm nl bc gnlc faghc sliÿh bc fucb bc `lomr dmr`c nl prmflnlr ls bc qul bl nloc c uhm bgkrl nl fubpc y rl`mrng`glhtms. Cb ciucrncr trls nàcs chtls nl nlfgngr fmh `ãs slrlhgncn bm qul nlkàc acflr fmh bc fcrtc, pmnàc lstcr sliurm nl lhfmhtrcr lsl fc`ghm. Uulstm qul hcngl hms ac fmhdgcnm lh slfrltm lb trckcom `lhtcb qul rlcbgzcrmh Fcscbs m ^wcgh fmh rlbcfgöh c lstms csuhtms, nlsfmhmfl`ms fmh fuãhtc dcfgbgncn m ngdgfubtcn nlsfukrglrmh sus ngspmsgfgmhls rlsplftgvcs hg fuãhtm trckcom bls bblvö lb pmhlrbcs lh  prãftgfc.  prãftg fc. Hm fcgic fcgic lh lb lrrmr nl ncr pmr supulstm qul hm acbb acbbcrmh hghiÿh hghiÿh mkstãfubm lh su fc`ghm söbm pmrqul bc fröhgfc nl lstms alfams hm hms ackbl nl schirl, sunmr y bãirg`cs. ><

 

Bcs plrsmhcs qul nlslch rlcbgzcr uh lsdulrzm pcrc dgbmsmdcr smkrl fucbquglr fmsc c bc qul sl lhdrlhtlh pulnlh lhfmhtrcr ngspmsgfgmhls prmvlfamscs y cbfchzcr fglrtm ircnm nl lqugbgkrgm. Hm sl trctc dmrzmsc`lhtl nl uh rl`lngm rãpgnm, cuhqul pulnm csliurcrbl qul bblvcr c fckm lb trckcom y mktlhlr lb rlsubtcnm ls `lomr qul tmncs bcs nl`ãs cbtlrhctgvcs (föblrc, fubpc, lsfcpgs`m, nlplhnlhfgc, acflrsl bc vàftg`c, `crtgrgm, pblgtms y bc tlbltglhnc) pulstcs ouhtcs. TGHFLH^ Tghflht ngsdrutckc nlb çxgtm nl su fcrrlrc fm`m lsfrgtmr prmdlsgmhcb. Ackàc nlfmrcnm su rghföh nl bc mdgfghc fmh bms tàpgfms rlfulrnms, dmtmircdàcs y nl`ãs. ^c`kgçh ackàc fmbicnm uhc rlprmnuffgöh nl uh dc`msm fucnrm nl Icuiugh qul rlprlslhtckc c uhcs `uolrls tcagtgchcs sl`gnlshuncs lh bc pbcyc. \hc nl bcs fmblics nl Tghflht ghdmr`ö c su suplrvgsmr nl qul lb fucnrm bc mdlhnàc y lxgigö qul dulsl rltgrcnm. Fu`pbglhnm fmh bc hmr`ctgvc nl bc l`prlsc smkrl cfmsm slxucb, lb suplrvgsmr bbc`ö c Tghflht c su nlspcfam y bl mrnlhö qul rltgrcrc lb fucnrm. Tghflht mpusm mkolfgmhls plrm hm tlhàc cbtlrhctgvc? m nlsfmbickc bc mkrc nl crtl m rlhuhfgckc c su l`pblm. ^rcs pmhnlrcr lstcs nms mpfgmhls, lbgigö lb `cb nlfgngö rltgrcr bc mkrc nl crtl. dghbmy prãftgfm. cb fckm, Bm ls qul `ãshmdãfgb lhfmhtrcr mtrm `lhmr fucnrm yqul uh hulvm l`pblm. Tghflht mptöCbpmr sl lsplrckc lrc bc föblrc, lb ubtrcol y bc slhscfgöh nl acklr trcgfgmhcnm sus prghfgpgms qul sghtgö nlspuçs nl nlsfmbicr lb fucnrm pcrc fmhslrvcr lb l`pblm. C `lngnc qul vcyc`ms lstungchnm lstl fcsm `lngchtl lb prmflsm ULCFL, vlrã fbcrc`lhtl bc ngdlrlhfgc lhtrl lb cslsmrc`glhtm dgbmsödgfm y lb psgfmböigfm. @ufams  psgföb  psg föbmi mims ms qul csgstlh csgstlh c `gs fmhdlrlhfgcs fmhdlrlhfgcs smkrl cslsmrc`glhtm cslsmrc`glhtm dg dgbm bmsödg södgfm fm scblh scblh c `g lhfulhtrm cb dghcbgzcr bc facrbc y `l ngflh? «½Vckl uhc fmsc= Acim lxcftc`lhtl bm `gs`m qul ustln.º Lh rlcbgncn, hm acflh bm `gs`m hg pmr csm`m, y c `lhunm `l sgrvm nl lstl fcsm pcrc acfçrslbm fm`prlhnlr. Lxpbgfm c bms psgföbmims bm `gs`m qul cfckm nl lxpbgfcrbl c ustln smkrl Tghflht y bls prliuhtm fö`m prmflnlràch. Vgh lxflpfgöh, sl flhtrch sus l`mfgmhls ubtrcol, trcgfgöh)lsmy slràc `l fulhtch bc irch fchtgncnlstrgftc`lhtl nl trckcom qullhrlcbgzcràch lh lscs(föblrc, ãrlcs. Lh `g mpghgöh, uhc pçrngnc nl tgl`pm, pmr hm nlfgr nl nghlrm. Fuchnm bls nltcbbm lb prmflng`glhtm qul l`pblcràc uh fmhslolrm dgbmsödgfm, nl prmhtm fclh lh bc fulhtc nl qul lxgstl tmnm uh uhgvlrsm nl  plrsplftgvcs  plrsplftg vcs qul su dmr`cfgöh psgfmb psgfmböi öiggfc hm fmhtl`pbc. Csà ls fm`m duhfgmhc? U[G@L[C L^CUC?  Urmkbl`c. Urmkbl`c. Lb

prmkbl`c nl Tghflht, lh pmfcs pcbckrcs, lrc qul pcnlfàc uhc slhscfgöh nl ghoustgfgc. Frlàc qul bm mkbgickch ghoustc`lhtl c rltgrcr lb fucnrm y qul su l`pblm hm tlhàc qul acklrsl vgstm lh plbgirm pmr uhc fulstgöh nl iustms plrsmhcbls smkrl crtl. Vus l`mfgmhls `chckch nl su slhscfgöh nl ghoustgfgc. Lstm, y hm bcs l`mfgmhls lh sà `gs`cs, lrc bc rcàz nlb prmkbl`c. VLI\HNC L^CUC?  L`mfgmhls.  

Lh uh prghfgpgm Tghflht hm supm fö`m lxprlscr sus >4

 

l`mfgmhls nl dmr`c fmhstruftgvc. Hm qulràc slhtgrsl tch lhdcncnm y trcgnmr, plrm lb sgstl`c hm bl krghnckc hghiÿh rl`lngm pcrc qul sl sghtglrc `lomr. ^L[FL[C L^CUC?  Chãbgsg  Chãbgsgs. s.  ^rcs

fmhsgnlrcr tmncs bcs mpfgmhls, Tghflht prmkckbl`lhtl agzm bm fmrrlftm. C`ckc su prmdlsgöh, y bms l`pblms fm`m lb suym hm sl lhfulhtrch csà fm`m csà. Vg aukglsl ng`gtgnm pmr fubpc nlb fucnrm, sliugràc sghtglhnm bc `gs`c ghoustgfgc y cnl`ãs hm tlhnràc trckcom. Uulnl qul slc `lomr lstcr ngsiustcnm y fmh trckcom qul ngsiustcnm y lh lb pcrm. Vg aukglsl ngspulstm nlb nghlrm sudgfglhtl, pmnràc acklr  nl`chncnm c su l`prlsc pmr lb ghfgnlhtl y acklr prmkcnm sulrtl chtl bms trgkuhcbls. @cs hm sl bm pmnàc plr`gtgr. Bcs vlhichzcs qul fruzcrmh su `lhtl bl fm`pbcfàch nurchtl uh rctm, plrm hm lrch mpfgmhls rlcbls. Nl tmncs dmr`cs, sg Tghflht sl aukglsl nlfgngnm pmr bc smbufgöh nl c`lhczcr cb suplrvgsmr y c bc fmblic mdlhngnc, m nl l`plzcr c ngspcrcr fm`m uh bmfm lh bc mdgfghc, tc`pmfm ackràc lhfmhtrcnm oustgfgc, sghm qul lstcràc lh bc fãrflb. Lh rlsu`gncs fulhtcs, bc nlfgsgöh nl Tghflht pcrlfàc bc `lomr qul pmnàc acklr tm`cnm. F\C[^C L^CUC?  Fmhtl`pbcfgöh.   Tghflht

y ym trckcoc`ms nlsnl uhc pmsturc dgbmsödgfc  pcrc fm`prlhnlr bc ngdlrlhfgc ngdlrlhfgc lhtrl mdlhsc y ncóm. Vg cb cbiiuglh uglh m cb cbiim bl acfl ncóm (ls nlfgr, bl aglrl dàsgfc`lhtl fmhtrc su vmbuhtcn) ustln hm ls fö`pbgfl nl bc alrgnc. Lb  prghfg  prg hfgpg pgmm nlb ncóm nl Omah Vtucrt @gbb @gbb smstg smstglhl lhl qul « lb ÿhgfm ÿhgfm dg dghh qul cutmrgzc cutmrgzc cb lolrfgfgm lolrfgfgm nlb pmnlr smkrl fucbquglr `gl`krm nl uhc smfglncn fgvgbgzcnc fmhtrc su vmbuhtcn ls lvgtcr qul acic ncóm c bms nl`ãsº. Vgh l`kcrim, bc mdlhsc ls ngstghtc. Vg cbiuglh m cbim bl mdlhnl, ls nlfgr, bl ghsubtc nl uh `mnm u mtrm, ustln ls fö`pbgfl nlb ghsubtm. ½Umr quç= Uuls pmrqul sl bm tm`c fm`m uhc mdlhsc. \stln pulnl plr`chlflr pcsgvm y rlsubtcr alrgnm pmr cbim fm`m uh imbpl dàsgfm,  plrm tm`c pcrtl cftgvc cftgvc cb mdlhnlrsl pmr cbim cbim fm`m uh fucnrm. [lfulrnl lstc dör`ubc dör`ubc fmrtçs nl chtcóm? «Bm sglhtm, hm prltlhnàc mdlhnlr.º «Hm sl cpurl, hm bm al tm`cnm c `cb.º Lstl tgpm nl fgvgs`m bm ac vulbtm mksmbltm uhc fubturc qul hlibgil lb plhsc`glhtm y plr`gtl qul bc mdlhsc sl fmhduhnc fmh lb ncóm. @crfm Curlbgm yc fmhmfàc bc ngdlrlhfgc lh bc [m`c nlb sgibm GG,   plrm hulstrc cvchzcnc fubturc bc ac mbvgncnm. Lh bc cftucbgncn bcs plrsmhcs sl mdlhnlh, bulim cfusch c bms nl`ãs nl acflrbls ncóm, y lb sgstl`c bcs rlspcbnc fmh  pmbàtg  pmb àtgfcs fcs qul rlstrg rlstrghi hilh lh bcs bgklrtcnls gklrtcnls ghngvg hngvgnucb nucbls. ls. U lmr cÿh, lb sgstl`c sgstl`c fmhsmbg fmhsmbgnc lstc fmhdusgöh rlfm`plhschnm lfmhö`gfc`lhtl c bcs plrsmhcs qul sl mdlhnlh. Hm ls nl lxtrcócr qul tmnm lb `uhnm chnl fmh pgls nl pbm`m m sukgçhnmsl pmr bcs pcrlnls. Lbg`ghc tu mpghgöh, y lbg`ghcrãs bc quloc «@l ach mdlhngnmº. Lbg`ghc bc quloc «@l ach mdlhngnmº y bc mdlhsc ac nlscpcrlfgnm. @C[FM C\[LBGM

Bc ngstghfgöh lhtrl ncóm y mdlhsc supusm lb prg`lr cvchfl fmhtl`pbctgvm nl Tghflht.

>9

 

Lb sliuhnm sl prmnuom cb ncrsl fulhtc nl qul lstc fbcsl nl ghoustgfgc lrc ghalrlhtl cb sgstl`c y qul hm gkc ngrgignc plrsmhcb`lhtl fmhtrc çb. Bc cfuscnmrc y lb suplrvgsmr söbm lrch plmhls nl uh oulim qul hg sgquglrc lbbms fm`prlhnàch. Nl tch cksurnm, rlsubtckc fcsg ngvlrtgnm. Uuls tc`pmfm lrc qul Tghflht aukglsl fmbicnm lh bc pcrln lb nlspblickbl nlb ÿbtg`m  Ubcykmy  (qul cbiuhms tc`kgçh fmhsgnlrcrãh crtl, cuhqul ls fbcrc`lhtl `ãs  prmvmfctgvm  prmvmfctg vm qul bc rlprmnuffgöh rlprmnuffgöh nl uh fucnrm nl vcbmr vcbmr ghfcbfub hfcbfubckb ckbl). l). Bcs plrsmhcs qul  kusfch `mtgvms `mtg pcrcl`c mdlhnlrsl sghlflsg l`prltchbms bmmdlhnlrsl. s acbb acbbcrãh, Vgh smh fulhtc, lb lbbbcs quglhls qug tglhlh uh  prmkbl`c.  prmkb l`c. Wvms su prmkbl`c prmkb ls qul sgl`prl hlflsgtch Vgplrm h ncrsl Tlhls ghflhttglhlh sctgsdg sctgsdgzm zm bc hlflsgncn nl su fmblic. Tghflht hm tlhàc pmr quç frllr qul su sgtucfgöh lrc ghoustc, yc qul çb sà qul ackàc sgnm mdlhngnm, cuhqul hm alrgnm, pmr lb sgstl`c. Lh sus `chms lstckc lb hlicrsl c mdlhnlrsl  pmr bc ghtmblrchfg htmblrchfgcc nlb sgstl`c, sgstl`c, y csà nlfgng nlfgngö acflrbm. acflrbm. U uls Tghflht ghflht yc fmhtckc fmh uhc ngspmsgfgöh dgbmsödgfc qul bm gh`uhgzckc fmhtrc bc ghoustgfgc y plr`gtàc qul sus l`mfgmhls hlictgvcs sl ngsgpcrch. S\GH^C L^CUC?  Lqugbgkrgm. Lqugbg krgm.  Tghflht

vmbvgö cb trckcom sgh iucrncr rlhfmr c su fmblic hg c su suplrvgsmr. ^lhàc fmscs `lomrls qul acflr qul ghvlrtgr l`mfgöh lh sus iustms crtàstgfms: tmnc qul uhc agfglrc fcrrlrcuhc prmdlsgmhcb pmrnglz nlbchtl. lb prmflsm, rlfm`lhnçtlhàc c Tghflht bgstc nl bms fucnrmsUcrc qulfmhsmbgncr `ãs bl iustcràc fmbicr  lh bc pcrln, qul sl bms `mstrcrc c su fmblic y qul bl pgnglrc qul lbgiglrc uhm qul hm bc mdlhnglrc. Csà tmnms lstcràch fmhtlhtms fmh bc nlfmrcfgöh nl su rghföh. Lb prmflsm ULCFL  nl Tghflht sl nlscrrmbbö lh uhc smbc slsgöh. Lh hghiÿh `m`lhtm ackbc`ms nl su ghdchfgc, nl sus dchtcsàcs slxucbls, nl sus sulóms hg nl su fm`pblom nl Lngpm, fm`m tc`pmfm nl rlfltcrbl uh `lngfc`lhtm qul `lomrcrc su lstcnm nl ãhg`m. @mrcbloc? bc psgfmbmiàc y bc psgqugctràc hm tglhlh hcnc qul nlfgr cflrfc nl bc ghoustgfgc. Vg bm qul ustln quglrl ls rlsmbvlr uh prmkbl`c dgbmsödgfm, smbgfgtl cyunc dgbmsödgfc. VLC V\ U[MUGM FMHVLOL[M DGBMVÖDGFM Urcftgfcr bc dgbmsmdàc sgihgdgfc lxpbmrcr lb `uhnm ghtlrgmr. \stln ls lb `ãs fucbgdgfcnm  pcrc l`prlhnlr lstl vgcol vgcol nl nlsfukrg`g nlsfukrg`glhtm lhtm plrsmhcb, plrsmhcb, cuhqul c vlfls scfcrã kulh  prmvlfam nl bc mrglhtcfg mrglhtcfgöh öh nl bms dgb dgbösmdms qul yc ach ckglrtm ckglrtm fc`ghms fc`ghms sg`g sg`gbbcrls. Bms dgbösmdms fcsg sgl`prl trckcoch smbms lh lb slhtgnm nl qul bms au`chms sulblh plhscr fmh `ãs fbcrgncn sgh fm`pcóàc. Vgh l`kcrim, bms dgbösmdms fcsg huhfc trckcoch smbms lh lb slhtgnm nl qul hulstrms plhsc`glhtms lstãh ghdmr`cnms pmr rlvlbcfgmhls trcsflhnlhtls drutm nl nms `gb qughglhtms cóms nl trcngfgmhls dgbmsödgfcs ngvlrscs. Bms fmhslolrms dgbmsödgfms sm`ms fm`m bcs flblstghcs? cyunc`ms c hulstrms fbglhtls c lhfmhtrcr uhc ghtlrprltcfgöh dgbmsödgfc nl sà `gs`ms y nl bcs sgtucfgmhls qul lhdrlhtch qul bls plr`gtc  prmsplrcr nurchtl tmnc bc vgnc. \stln pulnl cyuncrsl dgbmsödgfc`lhtl cuhqul hm slpc ngstghiugr c Crgstötlbls nlb _lh. Vgic bms pcsms nlb prmflsm ULCFL.   Cnmptl bm qul bl pcrlzfc sgihgdgfctgvm nlb pröxg`m

>1

 

fcpàtubm y nl bcs ngstghtcs gnlcs dgbmsödgfcs qul dgiurch lh bc Vliuhnc pcrtl y qul sl sukrcych lh lb cpçhngfl C (Irchnls çxgtms nl bms dgbösmdms). Bms fcsms rlcbls qul cpcrlflh c bm bcrim nlb bgkrm prmpmrfgmhch lol`pbms nl fö`m cfbcrcr bms csuhtms qul bl  prlmfupch vcbg vcbgçhnmsl nl bc sckgnuràc sckgnuràc nl tmnms bms tgl`pms. tgl`pms. Fmh tcbls tcbls cr`cs, slrã fcpcz nl cbfchzcr lb lqugbgkrgm pmr su fulhtc lh uh hmtckbl hÿ`lrm nl sgtucfgmhls. [lfulrnl qul hm tmnms bms prmkbl`cs tglhlh uhc smbufgöh gh`lngctc. Bcs irchnls lxpbmrcfgmhls sulblh `ufamuh tgl`pm y lsdulrzm. nlb prmflsm, tcb vlz hlflsgtl cyunc pcrc pcscr  Vg hmrlqulrgr bmirc suplrcr pcsm nltlr`ghcnm cb sgiuglhtl. Acy plrsmhcs qul sl ctcsfch lh lb prg`lr pcsm, pulstm qul smh ghfcpcfls nl gnlhtgdgfcr fmh dcfgbgncn bc hcturcblzc nlb prmkbl`c cb qul sl lhdrlhtch. Ls `ãs drlfulhtl ctcsfcrsl lh bc ltcpc l`mfgmhcb, acfglhnm fmscs fmh bc ghtlhfgöh nl fcb`cr bcs l`mfgmhls qul bm ÿhgfm qul fmhsgiulh ls lhcrnlflrbcs `ãs (fm`m bms qul klklh pcrc lbungr sus  prmkbl`cs,  prmkb l`cs, fuchnm su prmkbl`c prmkbl`c kãsgfm kãsgfm ls qul klklh nl`csgcnm). nl`csgcnm). ^c`kgçh ^c`kgçh ls fm`prlhsgkbl qul uhm sl ctcsqul lh lb tlrflr pcsm, chcbgzchnm ghtlr`ghckbl`lhtl uhc sgtucfgöh qul hm pulnl fc`kgcrsl söbm fmh lb chãbgsgs. Ucrc quglhls bmirch ncr bms trls  prg`lrms  prg `lrms pcsms, bc fmhtl`pbcfgöh fmhtl`pbcfgöh pulnl fmhstgtug fmhstgtugrr uh cutçhtg cutçhtgfm fm nlscdàm. Acbb Acbbcr y cnmptcr  bc ngspmsgfgöh fmrrlftc pulnl bblvcr `ghutms m `lsls, y, lh mfcsgmhls, ghfbusm cóms. Vgh l`kcrim, fuchnm çstc bl prmpmrfgmhl lb lqugbgkrgm, lb lsdulrzm ackrã vcbgnm bc plhc. Vg sl qulnc ctcsfcnm y hm fmhsgiul cvchzcr, qugzã nlkc fmhsubtcr fmh uh fmhslolrm dgbmsödgfm (vçcsl lb ngrlftmrgm lh lb cpçhngfl F). ^c`kgçh pulnl ghtlhtcr trckcocr fmh uh  prmdchm qul tlhic tlhic ghfbg hfbghcfgmhls hcfgmhls dgbm dgbmsödg södgfcs. fcs. \sl c uhm m cb mtrm fm`m uhc fcoc nl rlsmhchfgc pcrc lsfbcrlflr su plrsplftgvc dgbmsödgfc. Lh mfcsgmhls cbiuglh tglhl qul cyuncrbl uh pmfm pcrc qul ustln pulnc cyuncrsl `ufam.

>7

 

> Bm qul mbvgnö nl bcs fbcsls nl dgbmsmdàc nlb fmbligm y qul camrc pulnl slrbl ÿtgb Bc dgbmsmdàc chtgiuc prmpmhàc c bc au`chgncn uh crtl nl vgvgr. Lh fc`kgm, bc dgbmsmdàc `mnlrhc sl `ulstrc smkrl tmnm fm`m bc fmhstruffgöh nl uhc olrgimhzc rlslrvcnc c bms lsplfgcbgstcs. UGL[[L ACNM^

Vg cfcsm lxgstl cbim lh bc dgbmsmdàc qul pulnc fmhsgnlrcrsl lhslóchzc, söbm pulnl slr lb lhslócr c plhscr pmr uhm `gs`m. BLMHC[N HLBVMH

Cbdrln Hmrta Yagtlalcn lsfrgkgö? «Bc nlsfrgpfgöh ilhlrcb `ãs cflrtcnc nl bc trcngfgöh dgbmsödgfc lurmplc ls qul fmhsgstl lh uhc slrgl nl hmtcs cb pgl nl bms tlxtms nl Ubctöh.º C nlfgr vlrncn, smh `ufams bms ãrkmbls qul ach ncnm su vgnc pcrc qul bcs pcrtls ghtlrlscncs punglrch bllr bcs rlspulstcs c bcs tlsgs nl Ubctöh, m bcs rlspulstcs c bcs rlspulstcs c bcs tlsgs nl Ubctöh, m bcs rlspulstcs c bcs rlspulstcs c bcs rlspulstcs... Kulhm, frlm qul yc sl ackrã alfam uhc gnlc. Fmh lb `gs`m lspàrgtu nl bc nlfbcrcfgöh nl Yagtlalcn, plrm prmpmhglhnm uhms fuchtms `ãs agbms fmh bms qul tlolr, lstl fcpàtubm  prlslhtc uhms fmhflptms `uy krlvls smkrl cbiuhcs cbiuhcs gnlcs dg dgbm bmsödg södgfcs fcs g`pmrtchtls, bcs nl bcs lsfulbcs ydgbmsödgfm. plhscnmrls qul lh utgbgzm `ãs drlfulhfgc slsgmhlsgnlcs nl cslsmrc`glhtm Fmhdàm qul fmh csà fm`glhfl c vlr lh fö`mbcs cbiuhcs dgbmsödgfcs tglhlh uhc cpbgfcfgöh ngrlftc lh bc vgnc fmtgngchc, tchtm sg ls fcpcz nl nlbltrlcr  @cg`öhgnls y nl prmhuhfgcr Hgltzsfal fm`m sg hm. Bc dgbmsmdàc, plsl c su rlputcfgöh nl slr msfurc y ngdgfubtmsc, mdrlfl rlsubtcnms prãftgfms c fcsg tmnm lb `uhnm. Fmh lb prmpösgtm nl dcfgbgtcr uhc vgsgöh ilhlrcb, al ukgfcnm c bms dgbösmdms qul prlslhtm lh fctlimràcs. Çstc hm ls hg `ufam `lhms bc ÿhgfc dmr`c nl mrichgzcrbc: csà puls, hm sl smrprlhnc sg bms vl ltgqultcnms nl mtrc `chlrc lh mtrm buicr. Vg acy cbim qul bms dgbösmdms cnmrch smh bms criu`lhtms, lsplfgcb`lhtl smkrl fctlimràcs. ghfbusm bms plràmnms nl tgl`pm qul csmfgm c bcs fctlimràcs smh ilhçrgfms, y cbiuhms nl bms prghfgpcbls plhscnmrls nl fcnc trcngfgöh smh chtlrgmrls m pmstlrgmrls. Sulnl fbcrm qul lstl fcpàtubm hm ls uhc rlvgsgöh nldghgtgvc nl bc agstmrgc bc dgbmsmdàc m nl tmnms nl bms`mnm dgbösmdms g`pmrtchtls. ^ch söbm prltlhnm prmpmrfgmhcrbl uhcsnlhmfgmhls smkrl lb tl`c, qul fulhtl fmh cbiÿh fmhtlxtm pcrc bc cpbgfcfgöh nl lstcs gnlcs fuchnm suroch lh bc Vliuhnc pcrtl.

55 c.F. Bc rlspmhsckbl nl bc g`cilh nlb dgbmsödm qul cfunl c bc `lhtl nl bc `cymr pcrtl nl bc ilhtl (uh am`krl kcrkunm vlstgnm fmh tmic y schncbgcs) ls bc lsfulbc ctlhglhsl, rlprlslhtcnc pmr Vöfrctls, Ubctöh y Crgstötlbls. Vu bckmr sl duhnc`lhtckc lh cbiuhms prlsmfrãtgfms g`pmrtchtls (fm`m bms fàhgfms y bms prg`lrms lstmgfms), plrm pcrc hulstrms prmpösgtms `lomr hms qulnc`ms fmh bc crtgbblràc plscnc. Lh bc `gs`c çpmfc, lh mtrc pcrtl nlb pbchltc, bms schtmhls nl bc ghngc, lhtrl bms fucbls lb `ãs dc`msm lrc Vgnnacrtac Icutc`c (Kunc), lstckch c`pbgchnm bc vgsgöh aghnÿ nlb `uhnm. Lh mtrm puhtm nlb ibmkm, Fmhdufgm y Bcmzg lstckch nlscrrmbbchnm lb fmhdufgchgs`m y lb tcmàs`m, bms fucbls, ouhtm fmh lb Wgoghi,  qul ls `ãs chtgium, dmr`ch lb fmrczöh nl bc dgbmsmdàc faghc. Ngfam plràmnm, frufgcb pcrc lstcs chtgiucs fgvgbgzcfgmhls, vgm hcflr bc agstmrgc nl bc dgbmsmdàc. Fmh `gs fbglhtls, utgbgzm lstcs trls trcngfgmhls lh prmpmrfgmhls `uy sl`lochtls, cnlfuchnm bc lblffgöh nl uhc u mtrc c fcnc ghngvgnum, fm`m ls hcturcb. Lh lb  plhsc`glhtm  plhsc`g lhtm mffgnlhtcb mffgnlhtcb,, lhfulhtrm fmrrglhtls fmrrglhtls ÿtgbls ÿtgbls lhtrl bms dgbösmdms dgbösmdms chtgi chtgiums, bms fmhtl`pmrãhlms y bms nl tmncs bcs çpmfcs ghtlr`lngcs. @g fmhmfg`glhtm nl bc dgbmsmdàc mrglhtcb sl flhtrc duhnc`lhtcb`lhtl lh bms tlxtms chtgiums, fuycs tlmràc y prãftgfc smh `uy fmhmfgncs y lstungcncs lh Mffgnlhtl, fm`m lb  Kacicvcn Igtc   y bcs lhslóchzcs nl Kunc. Bms iurÿs fmhtl`pmrãhlms nl bc sckgnuràc mrglhtcb tglhnlh c ichcrsl c sus cnlptms hm tchtm `lngchtl lb lstckblfg`glhtm nl hulvcs bàhlcs nl plhsc`glhtm fm`m vgvglhnm lh cr`mhàc fmh bc sckgnuràc nl bms chtgiums. Ghspgrch `lngchtl lb lol`pbm y bc lxpbgfcfgöh `ãs qul pmr c`pbgcfgöh. Lh fucbquglr fcsm, smh prmbàdgfms lsfrgtmrls y bc `cymràc nl sus mkrcs hm lstã trcnufgnc. Cbiuhms nl bms tlxtms aghnugstcs y kungstcs qul utgbgzm smh scircnms pcrc sus dglbls (cuhqul ym bms l`pblm fm`m uhc dulhtl nl sckgnuràc slibcr) y,  pmr fmhsgi fmhsgiuglhtl, uglhtl, `lhms susflptgkb susflptgkbls ls nl slr fulstgmhcnms fulstgmhcnms y rldmr`ubcnms. rldmr`ubcnms. Bcs dulhtls unlmfrgstgchcs, nlsnl lb Bgkrm nlb Lfblsgcstçs acstc bcs kglhcvlhturchzcs, tc`kgçh fmhtglhlh rlvlbcfgmhls dgbmsödgfcs ÿtgbls. Csg`gs`m, pulnlh lhfmhtrcrsl lh bcs mkrcs nl hu`lrmsms pmltcs, nrc`cturims y hmvlbgstcs, y lh mfcsgmhls, ghfbusm lh bcs nlfbcrcfgmhls nl Fcsly Vtlhilb. Bms dgbösmdms hm tglhlh qul slr lshmks: nlklràc`ms lstcr circnlfgnms nl lhfmhtrcr sckgnuràc cbbà nmhnl pmnc`ms.



 

fmhmfgnm c bm `cbm pmr fmhmflr. Ls uh fmhsulbm qul hms lhvlhlhc blhtc`lhtl, plrm hms cfmstu`krc`ms tch prmhtm qul hg sgquglrc hmtc`ms su sckmr. ^rcs bcrims plràmnms nl hm fmhmflr mtrc fmsc, bms prgsgmhlrms tlr`ghch tl`glhnm lb `uhnm qul acy `ãs cbbã nl sus flbncs. Vg uh nàc sl ckrglrch tmncs bcs vlrocs, `ufams plr`chlflràch nmhnl lstãh. lxtlrhcs qul trclh y dràm, hmBcs smhrlbcfgmhls plr`chlhtls. Ciuãhtcbcs fmhfcbmr vcblhtàc Z...P.plhc y dlbgfgncn, vch y vglhlh: KACICTCN IG^C

Suglhls sl `ulstrch tl`lrmsms fuchnm hm acy hcnc qul tl`lr y hm sglhtlh tl`mr fuchnm nlklràch acflrbm, tcbls plrsmhcs, cnmptchnm puhtms nl vgstc lrröhlms, sl cnlhtrch lh lb fc`ghm nl bc cdbgffgöh. K\NC

Bc pulrtc lstckc ckglrtc, plrm Chh tgtuklckc lh lb u`krcb. Bcs lhslóchzcs aghnÿls y  kungstcs bl pcrlfglrmh cflrtcncs y `ãs hlflscrgcs  kungstcs hlflscrgcs qul huhfc lh lstl `uhnm hulstrm tch cflblrcnm. Bcs fmscs lvmbufgmhch tch cprgsc cftucb`lhtl qul lb `gs`m fc`kgm sl fmhsgnlrc uhc vgrtun. Lstc`ms bbc`cnms c pbchtcr fcrc c hulstrms tl`mrls ghhctms fmh vcblhtàc y cprlhnlr c ckrczcr lb fc`kgm. Crgstötlbls tc`kgçh fmhtl`pbcràc lb fc`kgm  pmsgtg  pmsg tgvm vm fm`m Nmrcnc @lngmfrg @lngmfrgncn. ncn. Cblhtcràc Cblhtcràc c Chh Chh c cflptcr bc hulvc mpmrtuhgncn mpmrtuhgncn qul sl bl mdrlfàc, ncnm qul supmhàc uh puhtm `lngm lhtrl bms lxtrl`ms nl plr`chlflr  lsfbcvgzcnc lh su trckcom prlslhtl y ckchnmhcrbm sgh hghiÿh pbch nl duturm. Nlsnl uh puhtm nl vgstc dgbmsödgfm, Chh fc`ghckc pmr uhc bàhlc `uy dghc qul slpcrc lb bgkrl cbklnràm nlb nltlr`g-hgs`m. Hm ackàc ncnm hghiÿh pcsm fmhfrltm lhfc`ghcnm c lhfmhtrcr uh hulvm l`pblm u mtrc scbgnc c bc ghsctgsdcffgöh qul bl fcusckc lb trckcom. Vgh l`kcrim, sl lrc ackàc pulstm tgrm nlnlslrbc dglb mpmrtuhgncn qul ycamrc bc chiustgckc. Lb vmbuhtcrgcnm bc dmr`c qulc tlhàc fmhsgim `gs`c rlspmhnlr c su bbc`cnc ghtlrgmr.  Hm mkstchtl, ackàc cnmptcnm uhc cftgtun cftgtun dctcb dctcbggstc, sgh sgh acflr hcnc pcrc `lomrcr su sgtucfgöh, fm`m sg fucbquglr ghtlhtm tuvglrc qul slr lh kcbnl. Nl tmnms `mnms, bl ngm  kulh rlsubtcnm rlsubtcnm cftucr sgi sgiuglhnm uglhnm su bgkrl cbklnràm cbklnràm (lb vmbuhtcrgcnm), vmbuhtcrgcnm), cuhqul hm kusfcrc hg  prlvglrc  prlvg lrc tcb tcbls ls rlsubtcnms. rlsubtcnms. [lsmbvlr [lsmbvlr llstl stl nlkctl ghtlrgmr htlrgmr smkrl bc `lngnc `lngnc lh qul lbbc lbbc ghdbuàc hdbuàc smkrl bms cfmhtlfg`glhtms nl su vgnc bc cyuncràc c cvchzcr lh fmhslfulhfgc. ^cb fm`m al`ms vgstm, @cqugcvlbm rlsmbvgö lb lhdrlhtc-`glhtm lhtrl lb bgkrl cbklnràm y lb nltlr`ghgs`m cb nlfbcrcr qul c`kcs gnlcs lrch smfgms c pcrtls giucbls lh acflr qul suflnch fmscs. Vu fmhslom, pmr fmhsgiuglhtl, lrc hm plrnlr tgl`pm trctchnm nl fc`kgcr  bm qul hm pulnl fc`kgcrsl (bm qul lstã prlnltlr`ghcnm), sghm trckcocr smkrl bms csplftms

qul uhm pulnl `mngdgfcr. Vg hm aukglsl lstcnm tch mfupcnm lh dmrocrsl bc dc`c nl  pràhfgpl  pràhfg pl nlb `cb, @cqugcvlbm @cqugcvlbm qug qugzã zã sl aukglrc aukglrc `mstrcnm nl cfulrnm fmh bc fmhmfgnc fmhmfgnc 3><

 

Mrcfgöh nl bc Vlrlhgncn?  «Ngms `l mtmric slrlhgncn pcrc cflptcr bm qul hm pulnm fc`kgcr, vcblhtàc pcrc fc`kgcr bcs fmscs qul sà pulnm fc`kgcr y sckgnuràc pcrc vlr bc ngdlrlhfgc lhtrl uhcs y mtrcs.º Bcs plrsmhcs sm`ms frgcturcs `chgpubcnmrcs. Vgh l`kcrim, hm pmnl`ms `chgpubcr lb `uhnm lh su fmhouhtm hg ls prlfgsm qul bm acic`ms. Bms crtgstcs c `lhunm prlslhtch uhc fbcsl nl dl lh sà `gs`ms nl bc qul lb rlstm nl hmsmtrms pulnl klhldgfgcrsl? bc vcblhtàc nl hcvlicr sgiuglhnm sus prmpgcs lstrlbbcs. Bc rlspulstc c «½Suç nlklràc lstcr  acfglhnm=º sulbl acbbcrsl cb vmbvlr bc `grcnc acfgc lb ghtlrgmr, hm acfgc lb lxtlrgmr. Fmhtlstcr c bc bbc`cnc, slc çstc fucb slc, fmh lb tgl`pm pulnl qul hms mdrlzfc bc mpmrtuhgncn qul chsgc`ms, tcb fm`m bl suflngö c Chh. Bc mpmrtuhgncn hm bbc`c c bc  pulrtc söbm uhc vlz? bm bm acfl fmhstchtl`lhtl. Bm qul mfurrl `uy c `lhunm ls qul hm bc mà`ms, m acfl`ms mànms smrnms m tl`l`ms ckrgr bc pulrtc. Chh acbbö fmhsulbm lh bc gnlc nl qul tchtm lb çxgtm fm`m lb drcfcsm smh, sliÿh lsfrgkgö Jgpbghi, «g`pmstmrlsº. Lh lb plmr nl bms fcsms, Chh slràc fcpcz nl cprlhnlr cbim qul bl rlsubtcràc prmvlfamsm lh lb duturm, ghfbusm sg lb trckcom fm`m prmdlsmrc pcrtgfubcr hm nckc rlsubtcnm c bcrim pbczm, nl `mnm qul nloö su l`pblm y sl l`kcrfö lh uhc hulvc cvlhturc prmdlsgmhcb. Cuhqul bc ghqugltckch smkrl`chlrc bms fc`kgms qul sl cvlfghckch,  pcscnms uh pcr nl `lsls lstuvm lhfchtcnc fmh su hulvc mfupcfgöh y su hulvc vgnc. Vcqul lb `cymr prmvlfam nl bms fc`kgms y mktlhnrã bm `lomr nl bc vgnc. Mbvànlsl nl bc frgsgs nl bc `lngchc lncn. Uulnl pcnlflr uhc frgsgs fcnc fghfm `ghutms, m pulnl vgvgr  fghfm vgncs sgh bblicr c bc `lngchc lncn. \stln lbgil.

3>4

 

33 ½Umr quç uhc `mrcb m uhc çtgfc=

Lhtglhnm pmr kglh tmnc fbcsl nl cbliràc y fuchtm c lbbc fmhnufl. Z... P Umr `cb, lhtglhnm tmnc fbcsl nl plscr. KC[\FA VUGHM_C

 Hcnc pulnl fmhflkgrsl lh lb `uhnm, hg sgqug sgquglrc lrc dulrc nl çb, qul pulnc bbc`crsl kulhm sgh rlslrvc scbvm bc kulhc vmbuhtcn. Z... P G@@CH\LB JCH^

uh cilhtl nl pmbgfàc nl bc fguncn nl Hulvc Wmrj sl fmhvgrtgö acfl pmfm lh bc lstrlbbc nl bcs hmtgfgcs vlsplrtghcs ircfgcs c lstc smrprlhnlhtl cffgöh? `glhtrcs acfàc su rmhnc c smbcs, lhfmhtrö pmr fcsucbgncn trlghtc y fghfm `gb nöbcrls nl nghlrm kbchqulcnm  prmflnlhtl nlb trãdgfm nl nrmics, sl cpmnlrö nl lbb lbbms... ¡y bms prlslhtö fm`m prulkc! Bms `lngms nl fm`uhgfcfgöh nglrmh irch rlsmhchfgc cb fcsm. Bms plrgmngstcs sl nlsagfglrmh lh cbckchzcs chtl tc`cóc amhlstgncn. Lb cbfcbnl bm rlfm`plhsö fmh uhc `lncbbc c bc ghtlirgncn. C `à bc hmtgfgc tc`kgçh `l cblirö (yc al`ms mànm `ãs qul sudgfglhtl smkrl bc fmrrupfgöh pmbgfgcb) acstc qul lsfufaç cb cilhtl lxpbgfcr pmr quç bm ackàc alfam. Fmhdlsö qul ackàc plhscnm qulncrsl fmh lb nghlrm, plrm bulim fcyö lh bc fulhtc nl qul su  plhsgöh  plhsg öh vcb vcbàc àc `ufam `ãs. Ngom Ngom qul hm qulràc fmrrlr lb rglsim rglsim nl qulncrsl sgh sgh plhsgöh plhsgöh sg

bm ctrcpckch. «½Fö`m gkc c fm`prm`ltlr `g sliurgncn lfmhö`gfc pmr trlghtc y fghfm `gb nöbcrls=º, rczmhö. Lstm `l agzm plhscr. @l prliuhtç fö`m ackràc rlcffgmhcnm lsl 3>9

 

`gs`m pmbgfàc sg aukglsl lhfmhtrcnm uh cbgom qul vcbglrc `ãs qul su plhsgöh. Nl acklr  sliugnm su prmpgm rczmhc`glhtm, sl bm ackràc cprmpgcnm sgh plhsãrslbm nms vlfls. Vg lb cbfcbnl nlslckc rlpcrtgr `lncbbcs, lh bc nl lstl suoltm tlhnràc qul acklr ghsfrgtm «drchqulzcº  lh buicr nl «ghtlirgncnº.  Lb cilhtl cb `lhms tuvm bc vcblhtàc nl nlfgr bc vlrncn. Hm mkstchtl, huhfc pmhnràc su rczmhc`glhtm `mrcb fm`m `mnlbm chtl `gs agoms. Bm qul lh rlcbgncn lstckc ngfglhnm lrc? «Fu`pbgrç bc bly sgl`prl y fuchnm mktlhic `ãs fu`pbgçhnmbc qul qulkrchtãhnmbc.º Ucrc `à, çstc hm lrc sgquglrc bc pcrtl `ãs lsplbuzhchtl nl bc agstmrgc. Bm qul `l cbcr`ö dul qul hcngl `ãs nglrc `ulstrcs nl nltlftcr lb lrrmr qul ackàc lh bcs nlfbcrcfgmhls nl cqulb am`krl uhgdmr`cnm. Cb pcrlflr, ym lrc lb ÿhgfm qul sl nckc fulhtc, lb ÿhgfm c quglh prlmfupckc qul acflr bm fmrrlftm pmr uh `mtgvm lqugvmfcnm hm bm fmhvlrtàc c uhm lh uh nlfacnm nl ghtlirgncn. Bms `mtgvms tglhlh qul slr tch amhrcnms fm`m bms cftms. Bc ghtlirgncn supmhl uhc blcbtcn y uh fm`prm`gsm ghqulkrchtckbls pcrc fmh uhms prghfgpgms, hm uh fãbfubm dràm y fmhvlhglhtl. Cpmnlrcrsl nl uh nghlrm qul  plrtlhlfl c mtrms lstã `cb, fmh ghnlplhnlhfgc hnlplhnlhfgc nl bc su`c. Cqulbb qulbbc agstmrg agstmrgcc lrc smkrl uh  pmbggfàc pmtlhfgcb`lhtl  pmb pmtlhfgcb`lhtl fmrruptm, söbm söbm qul hm bl ackàch mdrlfgnm su prlfgm.  Hm qugsg qugsglrc lrc nlsamhrcr pmr fm`pbltm fm`pbltm cb ci cilhtl, lhtl, pulstm qul cb dg dghh y cb fckm lhtrliö lb nghlrm. Fmh uh au`mr `ãs ilhlrmsm, qugzã ngràc qul bc pgdgö lh su nlfbcrcfgöh c bc  prlhsc. Vg Vghh l`kcrim, nlklràc amrrmrgzcrhms amrrmrgzcrhms bc kcolzc nl bcs pcutcs `mrcbls qul al`ms cnmptcnm. Bc rlibc qul ctcól cb fcsm (hm rmkcr) ls duhnc`lhtcb, y bc smfglncn lh ilhlrcb nlklràc fm`prlhnlrbc `lomr, fmh ghfbusgöh nl bms cilhtls nl bc bly y bms plrgmngstcs. Hm mkstchtl, bms `lngms nl fm`uhgfcfgöh trctcrmh c lsc plrsmhc fm`m uhc flblkrgncn sgh nltlhlrsl c plhscr lh bc lslhfgc nl bm qul ackàc ngfam y alfam. Lb mkoltgvm nl lstl fcpàtubm ls cyuncrbl c fm`prlhnlr y c cpbgfcr su prmpgm sgstl`c çtgfm. Fuchnm bl bbliulh sus qughfl `ghutms nl dc`c, quglrm qul slc fcpcz nl ncr uhc rlspulstc fmhvghflhtl c bc prliuhtc «½Suç bl pcsö pmr bc fcklzc fuchnm nlfgngö acflr  lsm=º. Lh `ufams csplftms, çstc ls bc fbcvl nl bc `cymràc nl bcs sgtucfgmhls qul sl nlsfrgklh lh bc Vliuhnc pcrtl nlb prlslhtl bgkrm. Hm g`pmrtc fuãb slc lb csuhtm qul bl ctcóc: su bufac ls gnlhtgdgfcr y mfupcr lb lblvcnm ã`kgtm nl bc `mrcb, acflr bm fmrrlftm y slr fcpcz nl lxpbgfcr c quglh fmhvlhic (fmh ghfbusgöh nl ustln `gs`m) pmr quç nlfgngö acflr bm qul agzm. ^cb fm`m al`ms vgstm, lxgstlh ngstghtms frgtlrgms dgbmsödgfms qul nlklh tlhlrsl lh fulhtc fuchnm uhm sl ngspmhl c ghgfgcr m dghcbgzcr uhc rlbcfgöh, c ncr uh igrm c su fcrrlrc prmdlsgmhcb m c acflr drlhtl c uhc vgnc dc`gbgcr fm`pbgfcnc. Camrc kglh, fuchnm bblic bc amrc nl bc vlrncn, bc prliuhtc nl dmhnm ls bc `gs`c? ½fö`m pulnm cftucr  lh lstc sgtucfgöh nl cfulrnm fmh `g lsdulrzm pmr bblvcr uhc vgnc kulhc= Lstl fcpàtubm bl cyuncrã c fmhtlstcrbc. Al ghfbugnm cbiuhms fcsms rlcbls, fm`m nl fmstu`krl, pcrc prlslhtcr prmkbl`cs çtgfms m `mrcbls fmhfrltms y bc dmr`c nl rlsmbvlrbms. Nl tmnms `mnms, fckl nlfgr qul lb fmhtlhgnm nl lstl fcpàtubm pmnràc scfcrsl c fmbcfgöh lh `ufams nl bms tl`cs qul ckmrnc lstl bgkrm.

@M[CB W Ç^GFC 3>1

 

^mnm lb `uhnm l`pblc c bc bgilrc bms fcbgdgfctgvms «`mrcbº  y «çtgfmº,  usãhnmbms c `lhunm fmh rlnuhnchfgc fm`m pcrc ncrbls `ãs çhdcsgs («Vu fmhnuftc dul `mrcb y çtgfcº, pmr lol`pbm). Vg prliuhtc c bc ilhtl fuãb ls bc ngdlrlhfgc, bc `cymràc hm tglhl bc `lhmr gnlc: sl bg`gtc c l`pblcr bc dör`ubc pmrqul bls sulhc kglh. Vgh l`kcrim, pmnl`ms lstckblflr uhc ngstghfgöh lhtrl c`kms tçr`ghms qul frlm qul hms rlsubtcrã ÿtgb. Bc çtgfc sl rldglrl c uhc tlmràc m sgstl`c qul nlsfrgkl quç ls lb kglh y, pmr lxtlhsgöh, quç ls lb `cb. Bc `gtmbmiàc y bc tlmbmiàc smh bcs dulhtls `ãs chtgiucs nl çtgfc, cuhqul lh bc cftucbgncn sl nlkctlh `ãs bms sgstl`cs dgbmsödgfms. Bc `mrcb sl rldglrl c bcs rlibcs qul hms ngflh bm qul nlkl`ms acflr y bm qul hm. Bc `mrcbgncn ngvgnl c bms cftms lh kulhms y `cbms. Bc `mrcb tglhl qul vlr fmh su vgnc plrsmhcb? ½fuãb ls bc fmhnuftc cnlfucnc lh uhc  prg`lrc  prg `lrc fg fgtc=, tc=, ½cfcsm bblvcrsl bblvcrsl uh pcqultl nl dmbg dmbgms nlb nlspcfam c fcsc fc sc pcrc qul bms uslh bms hgóms fmhstgtuyl uh frg`lh= Bc çtgfc sl flhtrc `ãs lh bm tlörgfm? ½fö`m ouzic`ms bms frà`lhls nl iuchtl kbchfm c ngdlrlhfgc nl bms frà`lhls vgmblhtms=, ½fö`m csgihcr bms trcspbchtls nl örichms sg bc nl`chnc suplrc bc mdlrtc= Bcs rlibcs sliÿh bcs fucbls vgvg`ms fmhstgtuylh bc `mrcb: bms sgstl`cs qul ilhlrch ngfacs rlibcs fmhstgtuylh bc çtgfc. Bc çtgfc trctc smkrl bm tlörgfm, `glhtrcs qul bc `mrcb trctc smkrl bm prãftgfm. Bc fctlimràc nl su dgbmsmdàc plrsmhcb slrã ghsuplrckbl sg bmirc cuhcrbcs fmh çxgtm. Vg ngstghiul lhtrl lb kglh y lb `cb, nlklràc slr fcpcz nl ngsflrhgr sg cbim ls fmrrlftm m lqugvmfcnm. ^glhl qul fmhmflr sus mpfgmhls, vcbmrcr bms prms y bms fmhtrcs, y acbbcr uhc dmr`c nl rczmhcr `m-rcb`lhtl smkrl bm qul tglhl qul lhdrlhtcr nl `mnm qul pulnc oustgdgfcr bc  kmhncn nl su rlspulstc. Vg hm sl sglhtl sglhtl kglh, kglh, qug qugzã zã hm nlklràc acflr bm qul tglhl tglhl lh `lhtl. Vg ls bm fmrrlftm, sgl`prl ackrã uhc `chlrc nl oustgdgfcrbm. [lfulrnl qul bc rcfgmhcbgzcfgöh ls cbim fm`pbltc`lhtl ngstghtm. \stln pulnl rcfgmhcbgzcr fucbquglr fmsc, nldmr`chnm y fgtchnm `cb fucbquglr gnlc pcrc qul lhfcol lh sus pbchls (hcngl bm nlsfukrgrã: hcngl ls plrdlftm: lb ngckbm `l l`puoö c acflrbm, Ngms `l plrnmhcrã: smy lb  prlsgnlhtl).  prlsg nlhtl).  Oustgdg  Oustgdgfcfgöh, fcfgöh,   hm mkstchtl, fm`pcrtl bc `gs`c rcàz qul  oustgfg  oustgfgcc  y  oustm. [lquglrl uhc nlbgklrcfgöh `ãs prmduhnc y, c fc`kgm, prmpmrfgmhc uh sulbm `ãs dgr`l. Lb nlscdàm fmhsgstl lh tlhlr uh sgstl`c çtgfm plrsmhcb cb qul pmnlr rl`gtgrsl lh kusfc nl ngrlftrgfls `mrcbls. ^lhnrã qul fm`lhzcr pmr plhscr quç ls kulhm y quç ls `cbm. Lstl prmkbl`c ac nlsfmhflrtcnm c bms dgbösmdms nl tmnms bms tgl`pms, csà qul hm lsplrl uhc rlspulstc fm`pbltc l ghdcbgkbl cb dghcb nl lstl fcpàtubm. Lh  Bc rlpÿkbgfc,   Ubctöh  prlslhtc uh ngãb ngãbmi mimm lh lb qul Vöfrctls bl pgnl pgnl qul nldghc nldghc lb Kglh? «½Ls « ½Ls fmhmfg`glh fmhmfg`glhtm, tm,  pbcflr,  pb cflr, u mtrc fmsc=º Wc bl ackàc prmpulstm vcrgcs vcrgcs vgrtunls, vgrtunls, fm`m bc tl`pbchzc tl`pbchzc y bc ustgfgc, plrm lhdrlhtcnm fmh tc`cóm rltm, Vöfrctls fmhtlstc? «@l tl`m qul lstã `ãs cbbã nl `gs dcfubtcnls.º Vgibms nlspuçs, lb pchmrc`c hm nlvghm `ufam `ãs fbcrm. «Csà puls, lb Kglh hm ls susflptgkbl nl uhc nldghgfgöh, lh lb slhtgnm `ãs g`pmrtchtl nl lstc pcbckrcº, lsfrgkgö I. L. @mmrl. Hgltzsfal sl bc`lhtckc nl bc «chtgiuc gbusgöh bbc`cnc Kglh y @cbº. Giucb qul mtrms qul bm ach ghtlhtchnm chtls qul ustln, qugzã hm slc fcpcz nl rlspmhnlr c lstl cflrtgom fmh prlfgsgöh. Hm mkstchtl, acy qul `mocrsl lh lb ghtlhtm. Ls bc ÿhgfc dmr`c nl

frlcr uhc kcsl söbgnc. Ubctöh smstlhàc qul bcs plrsmhcs tglhlh uhc hmfgöh ghtugtgvc nlb Kglh, cuhqul lh lb 3>7

 

`uhnm rlcb söbm ngspmhl`ms nl pmkrls fmpgcs nlb gnlcb. «Lb `ãs cbtm mkoltm nl fmhmfg`glhtm ls bc hcturcblzc lslhfgcb nlb Kglh, nl nmhnl prmflnl lb vcbmr qul mtmric`ms c tmnm bm kulhm y fmrrlftmº, lsfrgkgö. ^cb fm`m al`ms vgstm, hm mkstchtl, Ubctöh huhfc cbfchzö su `ltc `ãs lblvcnc y huhfc fmhfrltö uhc nldghgfgöh. Amkkls cnmptö mtrm puhtm nl vgstc? «Fucbquglr fmsc qul slc mkoltm nlb cpltgtm m lb nlslm nlb am`krl, slrã bc qul lb am`krl, pmr su pcrtl, bbc`l "Kglh": y lb mkoltm nl su mngm y cvlrsgöh, "@cb".º Lh mtrcs pcbckrcs, Amkkls sl mpmhl c Ubctöh y cdgr`c qul hm lxgstl uhc lslhfgc uhgvlrscb nlb kglh: kglh  y `cb   söbm smh ltgqultcs qul utgbgzc`ms pcrc nlsfrgkgr bm qul hms iustc y hms nlscircnc. Lb ^cm lhslóc qul söbm pmnl`ms rlfmhmflr lb kglh fm`pcrãhnmbm fmh lb `cb, plrm tc`pmfm prmpmhl uhc nldghgfgöh. Z... P Lb `ãs cbtm mkoltm nl fmhmfg`glhtm ls bc hcturcblzc lslhfgcb nlb Kglh, nl nmhnl prmflnl lb vcbmr qul mtmric`ms c tmnm bm kulhm y fmrrlftm. UBC^ÖH

Z... P Bcs pcbckrcs Kglh y @cb Z... P sgl`prl sl usch fmh rlbcfgöh c bc plrsmhc qul sl sgrvl nl lbbcs, puls hm lxgstl hcnc qul slc sg`pbl y cksmbutc`lhtl lsm. ^AM@CV AMKKLV

½Umr quç ctlhlrsl c uhc `mrcb m c uhc çtgfc= ½Umr quç prlmfupcrsl smkrl lb kglh y lb `cb= ½Nl quç hms sgrvl= ^mnm lstm rlsubtc `ãs dãfgb sg uhm sl cnaglrl c uhc rlbgigöh qul nldghc lb kglh y lb `cb, kcom bc cutmrgncn nl Ngms. ^mncs bcs irchnls rlbgigmhls mdrlflh uhc iuàc `mrcb qul l`chc nl uh pmnlr ngvghm. Cb ctrgkugr bcs rlibcs c Ngms sl `ctch nms  pãocrms nl uh tgrm? tgrm? sl mktglhl mktglhl uhc `mrcb `uy fmhfrltc pcrc iugcr ugcr bms cftms y uh sgstl`c sgstl`c çtgfm cksmbutm nmhnl lh`crfcrbc. Mkrcr fmrrlftc`lhtl sgihgdgfc mklnlflr bms `chnc`glhtms nl Ngms. Bcs rlibcs prmflnlh nl Ngms, y Ngms ls kulhm. Vg lstl pbchtlc`glhtm bl nc rlsubtcnm, fglrtc`lhtl bblvc vlhtcoc. Cuh sg ustln hm frll lh uhc rlbgigöh, pulnl slrvgrsl nl bc sckgnuràc nl bms tlöbmims chtgiums, sgh nlklr blcbtcn c uhc nlgncn. Bcs lsfrgturcs nl tmncs bcs irchnls rlbgigmhls fmhtglhlh prmduhncs rlvlbcfgmhls `mrcbls nl bcs qul fucbquglrc pulnl scfcr prmvlfam. Camrc kglh, pcrc acbbcr  smbufgmhls dgbmsödgfcs c bms prmkbl`cs nl bc vgnc, fmh dl m sgh lbbc, tlhnrã qul kusfcr y fm`prlhnlr bms prlflptms `ãs g`pmrtchtls y coustcrbms c su vgsgöh plrsmhcb nlb `uhnm. Vliurc`lhtl yc bl ach ngfam `ãs nl uhc vlz qul nlkl «chncr lb fc`ghmº csà fm`m «nlfgr bm qul tlhic qul nlfgrº. Uulstm qul sl trctc nl uh kulh fmhslom, hm nunm lh ckmicr pmr çb. Bms plhsc`glhtms y rczmhc`glhtms qul sl mfubtch nltrãs nl hulstrms cftms fmhstgtuylh bc fbcvl pcrc lhdrlhtcrsl c fucbquglr sgtucfgöh y rlsmbvlrbc.

BC FGLHFGC 335.lstckc Ulrm [m`c sl ackàc fmhvlrtgnm cb frgstgchgs`m y, pmr  fmhsgiuglhtl, supmhàc kcom bcycprmtlffgöh nl Ngms. Vch Ciustàh rlfmhfgbgö lstl prmkbl`c ghvlhtãhnmsl bc nmftrghc nlb plfcnm mrgighcb. ^c`kgçh ls dc`msm pmr uhc mrcfgöh qul cpcrlfl lh sus Fmhdlsgmhls? «  «Acfln`l Acfln`l fcstm... fcstm... plrm cÿh hm.º ;31

 

@C[FM C\[LBGM, 3;3-315  L`plrcnmr rm`chm rm`chm y dgbösmdm dg bösmdm lstmgfm ^l`c? lstmgfgs`m Bl`c? Hm smkrlvcbmrls bm qul bms nl`ãs pulnch crrlkctcrtl. Irch çxgtm?  @lngtcfg  @lngtcfgmhls mhls «Ghfbusm lh uh pcbcfgm ls pmsgkbl vgvgr kglh.º @crfm Curlbgm hm lrc uh l`plrcnmr  fm`pbltc`lhtl dlbgz y acbbö fmhsulbm lh bc dgbmsmdàc lstmgfc. Lh ilhlrcb, fuchnm bcs  plrsmhcs ackbch ackbch nl «tm`crsl bcs fmscs fmh dgb dgbmsmdàcº, quglrlh quglrlh nlfgr nlfgr lstmgfc`lhtl, lstmgfc`lhtl, ls nlfgr, fmh ghngdlrlhfgc chtl lb nmbmr y lb pbcflr `uhnchms. D[CHFGV KCFMH, 31-316;  Dgbösmdm krgtãhg krgtãhgfm fm ^l`c? utgbgtcrgs`m Bl`c? Bc `cymr dlbgfgncn pcrc lb `cymr hÿ`lrm. Irch çxgtm? Ghtr  Ghtrmnuffgöh mnuffgöh c bms prghfgpg prg hfgpgms ms nl bc `mrcb y bc bligsbcfgöh bligsbcfg öh Duhncnmr nlb utgbgtcrgs`m, lb criu`lhtm prghfgpcb nl Klhtac` lrc qul bms cftms smh `mrcbls sg cu`lhtch cb `ãxg`m lb pbcflr y rlnuflh cb `àhg`m lb nmbmr nl quglhls sl vlh cdlftcnms pmr ngfams cftms. Ls bm qul sl nlhm`ghc lb «fãbfubm alnmhgstcº. Lb lsqulbltm lhflrcnm nl Klht-ac` sl lxagkl vlstgnm lh lb fbcustrm nlb \hgvlrsgty Fmbblil nl

Bmhnrls, nlb qul dul duhncnmr. Vliÿh su vmbuhtcn, fcnc cóm sl trcsbcnch sus rlstms cb Vlhcnm, nmhnl fmhstc fm`m «prlslhtl plrm sgh nlrlfam c vmtmº. ALH[G KL[IVMH, 313 ;37

 

 Dgbösmdm y au`chg au`chgstc stc drchfçs, prl`gm Hmklb nl Bgtlrcturc Bg tlrcturc lh 37;9  ^l`c? vgtcbgs`m, vgtcbgs`m, nghc`gs`m Bl`c?  Çbch vg vgtcb  tcb   («dulrzc vgtcbº ghlxpbgfckbl pcrc bc fglhfgc). Irchnls çxgtms?  Bc lvmbufgöh frlcnmrc Klrismh frgtgfö bcs dmr`cs `lfchgfgstc y `ctlrgcbgstc nl fmhtl`pbcr lb `uhnm, y nldlhngö uhc fmhflpfgöh `ãs lspgrgtucb (cuhqul hm hlflscrgc`lhtl rlbgigmsc) nl bc vgnc. ILM[IL KL[JLBLW, 341-31 `övgb? >9-7;-14->6->9   [LGHM \HGNM

Chibm-ã`lrgfch ãbb Chibm-ã`lrgfch ã bbgchfl gchfl dmr d mr U agbmsmpagfcb agbmsmpagfcb U rcftgfl rcftgfl (C ( CCCU U )

 Jlyhls Amusl, Custlhwcy

;>5

 

Ilrrcrns Frmss, Kufjs VB7 1HY   [lghm \hgnm  Chhl Hmkbl, slfrltcrgc slfrltcrgc tlb? 539  dcx? 53937 Fmprlsgnlhtl, [lghm \hgnm? Lrhlstm Vpghlbbg Fmprlsgnlhtl, Lstcnms \hgnms? Bmu crghmdd  Vmfglty md Fmhsubtcht Uagbmsmpalrs ^al Mbn Tgfcrcil ;7> 41-7476 wkmr`chE`ghnsprghi.fm` wkmr`chE`ghnsprghi.fm`   Acrrglt Fac`klrbcgh 3 Vflhgf Cvlhul Klrjlbly, FC 7>951 tlb? l-`cgb? taghjEdbcsa.hlt Vchnrc Icrrgsmh Icrrgsmh 9  oubggli liEnlb Enlbtchlt.fm` tchlt.fm` l-`cgb? oub l-`cgb? U glrrl Irg`ls Irg`ls Cfcnl`y md Uagbmsmpagfcb @gnwgdlry 3533 Krgmsm Nr. #357 Fmstc @lsc, FC 7;4;9 tlb? 7>7-9;;-;;54 dcx? 7>7-9;;-;;5> l-`cgb? pg l-`cgb?  pglrrliE lrrliEnlb nlbtchlt.fm` tchlt.fm` Vusa`c Acbb 63< Y. [cnfbgddl Nrgvl Fbcrl`mht, FC 73933 tlb? 757-4;4-;6;9 l-`cgb? susa`cacbbEamt`cgb.fm` Oc`ls Alddlrhch Nlpcrt`lht md Uagbmsmpay \hgvlrsgty md tal Ucfgdgf Vtmfjtmh, FC 74-657> l-`cgb? oalddlrhchEump.lnu l-`cgb? oalddlrhchEump.lnu Ilrcbn Alwgtt Nlpcrt`lht md Uagbmsmpay \hgvlrsgty md tal Ucfgdgf Vtmfjtmh, FC 7;4-;;1; l-`cgb? ialwgttEump.lnu Bmu @ctz Nlpcrt`lht md Uagbmsmpay \hgvlrsgty md tal Ucfgdgf Vtmfjtmh, FC 74-6576 l-`cgb? b`ctzEump.lnu Ocsmh @glrlj  1163 Agbbsgnl Vt. #F Mcjbchn, FC 7>45< tlb? 359 tlb? >33 5446 dcx? 93> 1>9 141< l `cgb? rbuEnlbtchlt.fm` Bcwrlhfl Yagtl 36>< Crfa Vtrllt Klrjlbly, FC 7>951 tlb? 6; Tmbtc Ubcfl HY Ycsaghitmh, N.F. ;5559 .u`n.lnu nu tlb? ;5;-6>;-43;1 dcx? ;5;-6>;-3-66;-9911 dcx? 7>3-66;-166< l-`cgb? rksuhEfyklrstrllt.fm` Fcrb Fmbcvgtm ^al Kgmfubturcb [lslcrfa Ghstgtutl 9363 HY 3>ta Cvlhul Icghlsvgbbl, DB 6;45< tlb? 75>->43-115> dcx? 6ta Cvlhul Icghlsvgbbl, DB 6;45< tlb? 65>-7>7-7336 >5>-1>4-5513 l-`cgb? ``nu`csE`sh.fm` Gbbghmgs? Cvhlr Kcz ;>>

 

9;1 l-`cgb? ckcz;Eugf.lnu @mhtchc? Vlch M'Krglh Ncvgnsmh Amhmrs Acbb \hgvlrsgty md @mhtchc @gssmubc, @^ 54-;>6-43>5  Hlvcnc? Fb Fbcunl cunl Ircttmh Uagbmsmpay Uagbmsmpay Nlpcrt`lht \hgvlrsg \hgvlrsgty ty md Bcs Tli lics cs ct Hlvcnc >994 dcx? 79;-6-4>;-;>67 l-`cgb? limhlE`cgb.salhjcr.cf.gb Lbg limhlE`cgb.salhjcr.cf.gb Lbg Ambzlr  66 Acbc`ln Ala Vtrllt Olruscbl`, 76443 Gsrclb tlb? 79;-5;- 4LA tlb? >>-73-;6;-