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Description
Finance II
Submission 4
Inderpreet Singh Section C
Marriott Corporation: The Cost of Capital
Problem statement To find out a suitable Hurdle rate, to be used as a discount rate for cash inflows, to evaluate various projects that Marriot Corp. may undertake in future
Objectives Calculating the WACC under the classical tax system for the company as a whole and for each division of the company
Company Background Marriott Corporation has 3 major lines of business: lodging operations, contract service and restaurants business. Its growth objective is to remain a premier growth company. The four components of its financial strategy are consistent with this growth objective for the reasons ‐ Manage rather than own hotel assets ‐ Marriott sold its hotel assets to limited partners to reduce assets and thus, it can increase ROA and thereby increase potential profitability. Invest in projects that increase shareholders’ value ‐ the discounted cash flow techniques to evaluate potential investments allow the company to invest only in profitable projects. Therefore, it can maximize the use of its cash flow to gain profits. Optimize the use of debt in the capital structure ‐ Marriott uses this strategy to increase its value and thereby increase its profitability. Repurchase undervalued shares ‐ By buying back its undervalued shares, Marriott can increase PE ration when needed and can make its investors’ holdings more valuable because share prices will increase (increase in ROE
Key facts and assumptions
Marriott use the Weighted‐Average‐Cost‐of Capital (WACC) method to measure the opportunity cost for investments = 1 −
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The RF for long term is the 10 Year US Government bond rate, 8.72% (Used by Marriott and lodging Division) The RF for Short term is the 1 Year US Government bond rate, 6.90% (Used by Restaurant and Contract Services Division) Risk Premium is RP = 6.50%
Finance II
Submission 4
Risk free rate is assumed according to Table A and Table B given in the case Equity to Total Capital ratio and Debt to Total Capital ratio is calculated as per the formula
Inderpreet Singh Section C
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Effective Income tax rate has been calculated from the income statement as 44.1% and is assumed to be the same for all the divisions All WACC calculations are based on target values for Debt and Equity Leveraged β’s have been used for WACC calculations CAPM has been used to calculate the cost of Equity The overall WACC for Marriot Corporation in the Weighted average sum of WACC of all individual divisions
β Estimation Equity Beta
Market Leverage
1987 Revenues ($ billion)
Marriott corporation
1.11
41%
6.52
Hotels: Hilton hotels corporation Holiday corporation La Quinta motor inns Ramana inns, inc.
0.76 1.35 0.89 1.36
14% 79% 69% 65%
0.77 1.66 0.17 0.75
1.1628 4.7619 3.2258 2.8571 Average
0.654 0.284 0.276 0.476 0.422
1.45 1.45 0.57 0.76 0.94 1.32
4% 10% 6% 15% 23% 21%
0.39 0.57 0.14 0.23 4.89 1.05
1.0417 1.1111 1.0638 1.1765 1.2987 1.2658 Average
1.392 1.305 0.536 0.646 0.724 1.043 0.941
Restaurants: Church's fried chicken Collins foods international Frisch's restaurants Luby's cafeterias Mcdonald's Wendy's International
Beta Leverage
Unlevered Beta
There is no publicly traded comparable company for comparison with the Contract Services. Therefore, we can consider the company as a portfolio of three divisions. The asset beta of the whole company is just a weighted average of the asset betas of the divisions. Weights should be the fraction of total equity value in each division. The fraction of total identifiable assets can be taken as a proxy. M ( AL / AM ) L ( AR / AM ) R ( ACS / AM ) CS Lodging Contract Services Restaurant Marriott
Marriott Remarks 9.27% Taken from Table A and Table B Target Ratios 40% 44.10% Calculated from the balance sheet
10.388%
7.435%
7.435%
9.22%
0.422
0.980
0.941
0.57
1.624
1.633
1.622
1.427
6.50% 20.94% 26%
6.50% 18.05% 60%
6.50% 17.98% 58%
6.50% 18.50% 60%
9.508%
12.687%
12.472%
10.73%
Cost of Equity Risk free rate Beta Levered Beta Market Premium Cost of Equity E/V WACC
Average Bond rate for 10years and 1 Year for Long and Short term resp. Taken from the Table above Leveraging according to the desired debt position Assumption based on Facts Desired position of Equity
Conclusions The Hurdle rate that Marriott should use is 10.73%. This rate is subjected to variations as the market premium changes. Marriott has to choose a risk value for each of the business and then go for combining the Hurdle rates for different business to form a portfolio and decide upon which business to invest in. As the risk in a business changes, the β value would change thus changing the hurdle rate. The future rates that the firm has used to predict the WACC are themselves prone to change with time. Hence, WACC needs to be updated regularly to make accurate decisions.
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