Marketing Digital para A Construção Da Imagem de Uma Organização Do Setor de Serviços para Web

 

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Naitrc Thulh ^cuzh Nursc ]ïnionc ma Nckuionhâîc Vosuhl

KHWEA]OIB MOBO]HL THWH H NCI^]WQÂÎC MH OKHBAK MA QKH CWBHIOPHÂÎC MC ^A]CW MA ^AWVOÂC^ THWH RAG.

 Hkhimh ]hblohtallo ]hblohtallo Noh  Himrassh Nrostoih Nrostoih Tamrhs Laota Laota Ïmsci Luës Mocbc @ðiocr  Tçkallh Ncrhnok ]hloth Toijaorc Nlhrc Bckas

Hkaronhih „ ^T

 

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7484

KHWEA]OIB MOBO]HL THWH H NCI^]WQÂÎC MH OKHBAK MA QKH CWBHIOPHÂÎC MC ^A]CW MA ^AWVOÂC^ THWH RAG.

]rhghljc ma Ncinlusîc ma Nursc hprasaithmc hc Nursc ma taniclcboh ak Nckuionhâîc Vosuhl mc Naitrc Thulh ^cuzh nckc phrta mcs raquosotcs phrh h cgtaiâîc mc tëtulc ma ]ïnionc ak Nckuionhâîc Vosuhl, scg h croaithâîc mc Trcf. Ks. Iolvc H. Nclunno. Jhgolothâîc0 Nckuionhâîc Vosuhl

 

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Hkaronhih - ^T

Fonjh Nhthlcbrèfonh

NOH, Hkhimh ]hblohtallo. NCWHNOK,Tçkallh. Bckas,]hloth Toijaorc Nlhrc @ÐIOCW, Ïmsci Luës Mocbc. LAO]A, Himrassh Nrostoih Tamrhs. Khreatoib mobothl phrh h ncistruâîc mh okhbak ma ukh crbhiozhâîc mc satcr ma sarvoâcs phrh wag.  Himrassh Nrostoih Tamrhs Tamrhs Laota, Hkhimh ]hblohta ]hblohtallo llo Noh, Ïmsci Luës Mocbc Croaithmcr0 Trcf. Ks. Iolvc Hphranomc Nclunno ]rhghljc ma Ncinlusîc ma Nursc (]NN) „ Naitrc Thulh ^cuzh, ]ïnionc ak Nckuionhâîc Vosuhl. 8. Ncistruâîc mh Okhbak 7.Crbhiozhâîc mc satcr ma sarvoâcs phrh wag >.Khreatoib Mobothl.

 

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FCLJH MA HTWCVHÂÎC

Nhimomhtc Nhimom htc00 Himras Himrassh sh Nrosto Nrostoih ih Tam Tamrhs rhs Lao Laota, ta, Hk Hkhim himh h ]hb ]hbloh lohtal tallolo Noh Noh,, Ïms Ïmsci ci Lu Luës ës Mocbc @ðiocr, Tçkallh Ncrhnok, ]hloth Toijaorc Nlhrc Bckas. Khreatoib mobothl phrh h ncistruâîc mh okhbak ma ukh crbhiozhâîc mc satcr ma sarvoâcs. ]NN mafaimomc a hprcvhmc ak 7:.46.7484 palh nckossîc `ulbhmcrh.

 SSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSS  SSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSS SSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSS SSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSS SSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSS  SSSSSSSSSS  Trcf. Ks. Iolvc Hphranomc Nclunno (croaithmcr) Naitrc Thulh ^cuzh

 SSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSS  SSSSSSSSSS SSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSS SSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSS SSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSS SSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSS  SSSSSSSSSS  Trcf. Fègoc @cîc Thulc mo Khurc Naitrc Thulh ^cuzh

 SSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSS  SSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSS SSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSS SSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSS SSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSS  SSSSSSSSSS  Trcf. Jubc Bokaias ma Lokh Naitrc Thulh ^cuzh

 

V

Naitrc Thulh ^cuzh 7484

MAMONH]ÞWOH

 

 H hqualas qua qua iîc nci ncimonocihk monocihk c c cljhr ljhr phrh

 

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c þgvoc, khs nhphzas ma aixarbhr h utolomhma ma ukh nhoxh ma phpalîc vhzoh.

HBWHMANOKAI]C

 

 Hbrhmanakcs prokaorhkaita prokaorhkaita h Maus, pcos sak Ala iîc iîc asthrëhkcs hquo.  Hcs icsscs phos pcr tcmc hpcoc a h`umh foihinaorh, mhmc hc lcibc ma icsshs vomhs.  Hcs prcfasscras qua lcibc mcs tràs kþmulcs ncitroguërhk phrh h icssh fcrkhâîc. A hc ic icss ssc c pr prcf cfas assc scrr cr croa oait ithm hmcr cr qua qua thit thitc c ic icss h` h`um umcu cu ih rahl rahloz ozhâ hâîc îc koiunocsh masta trhghljc.  Hbrhmanakcs thkgïk uis hcs cutrcs, pcos iîc axosta uk brupc sak nckphijaoroskc, mamonhâîc a hkozhma.

 

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ATËBWHFA

“C kaoc ï h kaishbak‛

 

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 Khrsjhll KnLujhi

 

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WA^QKC

Asta trhghljc,pcssuo nckc cg`atovc hprasaithr h okpcrtçinoh mc khreatoib mobothl phrh h ncistruâîc mh okhbak ma ukh crbhiozhâîc mc satcr ma sarvoâcs phrh wag, qua ï ukh akprash qua trhghljh masaivclvaimc sotas a prcbrhkhs phrh cutrhs akprashs qua quarak sa masthnhr ic karnhmc nckarnohl phsshimc h okhbak ma htuhl a kcmarih qua sîc ncinaotcs nhmh vaz khos okpcrthitas phrh c hukaitc mh movulbhâîc a ncisaquaitakaita mhs vaimhs.C cg`atovc massa trhghljc ï kaljcrhr h okhbak a h nckuionhâîc aitra h crbhiozhâîc ma satcr ma sarvoâcs phrh wag a saus nloaitas, kumhimc c lhycut mc sota mh akprash a suh lcbckhrnh. Fco axplonhmc masma c ncinaotc ma Rag htï c Khreatoib a c Khreatoib mobothl, axplcrhimc gak suhs farrhkaiths a nckc fcrhk utolozhmhs ihs paâhs qua fcrhk prcmuzomhs ic foihl. ]hkgïk mafoiou-sa hs taimàinohs ma karnhmc phrh assa satcr, qua orè nhmh vaz khos sa masthnhr, pcos h prcnurh phrh assa topc ma sarvoâc orè hukaithr nhmh vaz khos.

Thlhvrhs-njhvas0 Ncistruâîc mh Okhbak5 Crbhiozhâîc mc satcr ma sarvoâcs phrh wag5 Khreatoib Mobothl.

 

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^QKÈWOC 8.

OI] OI]WCM WCMQÂÎ QÂÎC.. C..... ...... ....... ....... ....... ........ ....... ....... ........ ........ ....... ....... ....... ....... ........ ....... ....... ........ ........ ....... ....... ....... ....... ...... 81 8.8. „ Hprasaithâîc mc hssuitc...........................................................   81 8.7 „ Masnroâîc mc prcglakh................................................................   81 8.> „ Jopþtasas.....................................................................................   86 8.= 8.1    

„„ @ustofonhtovhs................................................................................. Cg`atovcs......................................................................................    86 82 8.1.8 „ Cg`atovc barhl................................... barhl.............................................................. ................................ .....   82 8.1.7 „ Cg`atovcs aspanëfoncs................................................. aspanëfoncs....................................................... ......

7. KA]CMC KA]CMCLCB LCBOH. OH..... ....... ....... ....... ....... ........ ........ ........ ....... ....... ....... ....... ....... ....... ........ ........ ........ ....... ....... ....... ....... ....... ....... .... 8: 7.8. Katcmclcboh utolozhmh.......................................................................   8: 7.7. Astruturh mc ]NN.............................................................................   8: >. WAF WAFAWA AWAINO INOHL HL ]A ]AÞWO ÞWONC. NC..... ....... ....... ....... ....... ....... ....... ........ ....... ....... ....... ....... ....... ....... ........ ........ ........ ....... ....... ....   >.8 >.8.. Rag Rag... ...... ....... ....... ....... ........ ....... ....... ........ ........ ....... ....... ....... ....... ........ ....... ....... ........ ........ ....... ....... ....... ....... ........ ....... ....... ........ ....   >.8.8. Mafoioâîc ma Rag................................................................. Rag...................................... .................................... ......... >. >.8. 8.7. 7. H okp okpcr crtç tçin inoh oh mh Rag Rag p phr hrh h c nc nckï kïrn rnoc oc al alat atrý rýio ionc nc.. .... .... .... ..... ...... ..... .... ..... ..... ..

74 74 74 74

>.7. C ^ab >.7. ^abkai kaitc tc ma ncisul ncisultcr tcroh oh ak Rag... Rag....... ....... ....... ........ ........ ........ ....... ....... ........ ........ ....... ....... ....... ....... ....   >.7 >.7.8. .8. ^atcr ^atcr ma ncisul ncisultcr tcroh oh ak Rag... Rag...... ....... ........ ........ ....... ....... ....... ....... ........ ....... ....... ........ ........ ....... ...... ...   >.7 >.7.8. .8.8. 8. Khreat Khreatoib oib ma gusnh gusnh (^. (^.A. A. C). C).... ....... ........ ....... ....... ........ ........ ....... ....... ....... ....... ....... ...   >.7.7. Naièrocs a taimàinohs mc sabkaitc ma ncisultcroh phrh h Rag... Rag ...... ....... ........ ....... ....... ........ ........ ........ ....... ....... ....... ....... ....... ....... ........ ........ ........ ....... ....... ....... ....... ....... ....... ........ ........ ........ ....... ....... ....... ....... ....

78 78 78

>.>.. Khr >.> Khreat eatoib oib... ....... ....... ....... ....... ....... ....... ....... ........ ........ ........ ....... ....... ....... ....... ....... ....... ........ ........ ........ ....... ....... ....... ....... ........ ....... ....... .... >.>.8. >.> .8. Khrea Khreatoi toib0 b0 Ncina Ncinaotc otc a m mafo afoioâ ioâîc. îc.... ....... ....... ....... ........ ....... ....... ....... ....... ....... ....... ........ ........ ........ ......   >.> >.>.7 .7 Okp Okpcrt crtçin çinoh oh ma khreat khreatoib oib phr phrh h crbhio crbhiozhâ zhâñas ñas... ...... ...... ....... ....... ....... ....... ....... ........ ...... ..   >.=.. Ncku >.= Nckuion ionhâ hâîc îc Oitabr Oitabrhmh hmh ma khreat khreatoib oib... ....... ........ ....... ....... ....... ....... ........ ....... ....... ........ ........ ....... ....... ...... ..   >.= >.=.8N .8Ncin cinaot aotc c ma nckuio nckuionhâ nhâîc îc oitabr oitabrhm hmh h ma khr khreat eatoib oib... ....... ....... ....... ....... ....... ....... ..... ..   >.= >.=.7T .7Trcp rcphbh hbhim imh h a puglon puglonomh omhma. ma.... ....... ........ ........ ........ ....... ....... ....... ....... ....... ....... ........ ........ ........ ....... ....... ....... ...   >.= >.=.>. .>. Trckc Trckcâîc âîc a prckcâ prckcâîc îc ma vaimh. vaimh.... ....... ........ ........ ....... ....... ....... ....... ....... ....... ........ ........ ........ ...... ..   >.= >.=.=. .=. Khrea Khreatoi toib b moratc moratc... ...... ....... ........ ........ ....... ....... ....... ....... ........ ....... ....... ........ ........ ....... ....... ....... ....... ........ ....... ....... ......   >.= >.=.1. .1. Khrea Khreatoi toib b moboth mobothl.. l..... ....... ........ ........ ....... ....... ....... ....... ....... ....... ........ ........ ........ ....... ....... ....... ....... ....... ....... ........ ......   >. >.=. =.1. 1.8. 8. Farr Farrhk hkai aith thss ut utolo olozh zhmh mhss ic Khre Khreat atoi oib b mo mobo both thl.. l.... .... ..... ...... ..... .... ..... ..... ..   >.= >.=.1. .1.8.8 8.8.. A-n A-nckk ckkarn arna.. a...... ........ ....... ....... ........ ........ ....... ....... ....... ....... ........ ....... ....... ........ ........ ....... ....... ......   >. >.=. =.1. 1.8. 8.7. 7. Ghii Ghiiar arss pugl puglon onotè otèro rocs cs.. .... ..... ...... ..... ..... ..... .... ..... ...... ..... ..... ...... ..... .... ..... ...... ..... ..... ..... .... ..   >. >.=. =.1. 1.8. 8.>. >. ^phk ^phk.. .... .... ..... ..... ..... ...... ..... .... ..... ...... ..... ..... ...... ..... .... ..... ..... ..... ...... ..... .... ..... ...... ..... ..... ...... ..... .... ..... .....   >.1.. H omaito >.1 omaitomhm mhma a vosuhl vosuhl00 fuimhk fuimhkait aithâî hâîc.. c..... ...... ....... ....... ....... ........ ....... ....... ........ ........ ....... ....... ....... ....... ....... ...   >. >.1. 1.8 8 Hs cp cpâñ âñas as ma tr trhg hghl hljc jc ak om omai aitotomh mhma ma vo vosu suhl hl.. .... .... .... ..... ...... ..... ..... ...... ..... .... ..... ...... ..... ..   >. >.1. 1.8. 8.8 8 Khrn Khrnh, h, së sëkg kgcl clc c cu lc lcbc bctotopc pc.. .... .... ..... ...... ..... ..... ..... .... ..... ...... ..... ..... ...... ..... .... ..... ...... ..... ..... ...   >. >.1. 1.8. 8.7 7 ]o ]opc pclc lcbo boh. h... .... ..... ...... ..... ..... ...... ..... .... ..... ...... ..... ..... ...... ..... .... ..... ..... ..... ...... ..... .... ..... ...... ..... ..... ...... ..... .... ..... .....   >. >.1. 1.8. 8.> > Asqu Asquak akh h ma ncra ncras. s... .... .... ..... ...... ..... ..... ...... ..... .... ..... ...... ..... ..... ..... .... ..... ...... ..... ..... ...... ..... .... ..... ..... ..  

71 71 72

>.6. H okpcrtçinoh mc khreatoib mobothl phrh h ncistruâîc mh okhbak ma ukh crbhiozh crbhi ozhâîc âîc mc satcr satcr ma sarvoâ sarvoâcs. cs.... ....... ........ ........ ....... ....... ....... ....... ........ ....... ....... ........ ........ ....... ....... ....... ....... ....... ...

77

7: 7: 7? 7? >4 >8 >7 >7 >= >=.. >= >1 >1 >6 >: >: >?

 

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=. Trc`at Trc`atc c axparo axparokai kaithl thl... ...... ...... ....... ....... ....... ....... ....... ........ ........ ........ ....... ....... ....... ....... ....... ....... ........ ........ ........ ....... ....... .... =.8. Groafoib.............................................................................................   =.8.8. Nhrhntarëstonhs mh Akprash............................................ Akprash.................................................... ........   =.8.7. Karnhmc ma Htuhâîc................................................ Htuhâîc............................................................... ...............   =.8.>. Tcitcs Tcsotovcs mh Akprash / Trcmutc..................................   =.8.=. Tcitcs Iabhtovcs mh Akprash / Trcmutc................................   =.8.1. Ncincrràinoh.......................................................................... Ncincrràinoh............................................... .............................   =.8.1.8. Ncincrràinoh Morath................................................... Morath................................ ...................   =.8.1.7. Ncincrràinoh Oimorath.................................. Oimorath................................................. ...............   =.8.6. Tðglonc Hlvc................................. Hlvc............................................................... ........................................... .............   =.8.6.8. ]hrbat....................................... ]hrbat.................................................................. .................................. .......   =.8.6.7. Jahvy Qsar................................. Qsar............................................................ ............................... ....   =.8.2. Tclëtonh ma Vaimh............................................ Vaimh.................................................................... ........................   =.8.:. Okhbak Htuhl............................................................... Htuhl.................................... ...................................... ...........   =.8.?. C qua h Nckuionhâîc mava Wasclvar....................................   =.8.84. Jostþronc mh Nckuionhâîc....................................................   =.8.88. Cgrobhtcroamhmas a Lokothâñas (rastroâñas)..........................   =.8.87. Vargh mospciëval............................................... mospciëval................................................................... ....................

>: >: >: >: >: >: >? >? >? >? >? >? =4 =4 =4 =4 =4 =8

=.7 - Tlhia`hkaitc ma nckuionhâîc.......................................................

=8

          

=.7.8 =.7.7 -- Cg`atovcs Astrhtïbohma manckuionhâîc................................................... nckuionhâîc.................................................. =.7.> - Tðglonc hlvc.................................... hlvc.................................................................. ...................................... ........ =.7.= - Okhbak masa`hmh................................................................ masa`hmh................................................ ................ =.7.1 - Tcitcs h rasshlthr................................................................ rasshlthr......................................... ....................... =.7.6 „ Tcitcs h avothr................................... avothr.............................................................. ................................. ......

=8 =8 =7 =7 =7 =7

=.>. - Tlhia`hkaitc ma nrohâîc...............................................................   =.>.8 - ]akh ma nrohâîc.......................................... nrohâîc.................................................................. ........................   =.>.7 - @ustofonhtovh mc takh ma nrohâîc........................................... nrohâîc......................................... ..   =.>.> - @ustofonhtovh mh loibuhbak, ncras, fcrkhs a okhbais..........

=> => => ==

=.=. Nrohâñas a paâhs.............................................................................

=1

1. NCI^O NCI^OMAW MAWHÂÑ HÂÑA^ A^ FOI FOIHO^ HO^.... ....... ....... ....... ....... ........ ....... ....... ........ ........ ....... ....... ....... ....... ........ ....... ....... ........ ...... .. 6. LO LOKO KO]H ]HÂÑ ÂÑA^ A^ MH TA TA^X ^XQO QO^H ^H.. .... .... ..... ..... .... ..... ...... ..... ..... ...... ..... .... ..... ...... ..... ..... ..... .... ..... ...... ..... ..... ...... ..... .... ....

=2 =:

2. ^QBA ^QBA^] ^]ÑA ÑA^ ^ TH THWH WH TA TA^X ^XQO QO^H ^H^ ^F FQ] Q]QW QWH^ H^.. .... ..... ...... ..... ..... ..... .... ..... ...... ..... ..... ...... ..... .... .... ..

=?

:. WAFAWA WAFAWAINO INOH^. H^.... ...... ....... ........ ........ ....... ....... ....... ....... ........ ....... ....... ........ ........ ....... ....... ....... ....... ........ ....... ....... ........ ........ ...... ..

14

 

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LO^]H MA FOBQWH^ Foburh 8 „ ]opcs ma khrnhs ncrpcrhtovhs...................................................>? Foburh 7- Hitobh Lcbckhrnh mc sota Htuhliat..............................................=1 Foburh >- Icvh lcbckhrnh mc sota Htuhliat ................................................=1 Foburh =- Hitobc sota mh Htuhliat...................................................................=6 Foburh 1- Icvc sota mh Htuhliat.....................................................................=6

 

 

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LO^]H MA ^OBLH^ A HGWAVOH]QWH^ HGI] 

Hsscnohâîc Grhsolaorh ma Icrkhs ]ïnionhs

HKH

 Hkaronhi Khreatoib Hsscnohtoci Hsscnohtoci

^.A.C. 

^ahrnj Aiboia Cptokozhtoci cu Ctokozhâîc ma Rag sotas

]NN 

]rhghljc ma Ncinlusîc ma Nursc

QNA 

Qisclonotam Nckkarnohl Akhol

  RAG

Rcrlm Roma Rag

 

8=

8 OI]WCMQÂÎC

8.8 Hprasaithâîc mc hhssuitc ssuitc

Jc`a Jc `a ak moh moh nc nck k c nr nras asna nait ita a hv hvhi hiâc âc tani tanicl clþb þbon onc c c ka karn rnhm hmc c va vak k prcnurhimc icvcs kaocs ma movulbhâîc phrh saus prcmutcs, a iossc surba c khreatoib ih wag. C khreatoib ih wag astè nhmh vaz khocr, pcos c fènol hnassc qua sa tak h oitariat tcrih assa kaoc ma movulbhâîc c khos rèpomc, afonoaita a voèval . H oitariat thkgïk oifluainoh brhimakaita c karnhmc parscihlozhmc, qua oinluak nckuiomhmas nckc Kysphna, Froaimstar, Fhnagcce, ]wottar a Creut, hlïk mossc, shga-sa qua asthtostonhkaita ma hncrmc nck h ravosth Hgrol sckaita ic tarrotþroc grhsolaorc h >2 koljñas ma passchs qua tak hnassc h assa kaoc, sa`h ak nhsh, lhi jcusa, cu htï kaskc ic sau trhghljc cu asnclh, ma hlbukh khiaorh sckcs oiflua oif luaino inohmc hmcss palc palc khr khrea eatoi toib b mob moboth othl5l5 sa`h sa`h pcr pcrqua qua vak vakcs cs þto þtokcs kcs pra praâcs âcs,, pa palh lh fhnolomhma ma sa nckprhr sak shor ma suh nhmaorh cu palc masobi htrhtovc mc sota qua trhiskota saburhiâh.

8.7 Masnroâîc mc prcglakh

 Htuhlkaita, nck h fhnolomhma mc hnassc h Oitariat, kuoths akprashs rancrrak h asta kaoc ma nckuionhâîc phrh movulbhr sau prcmutc ak khssh. Crbhiozhâñas mc satcr ma sarvoâcs phrh wag, h`umhk asshs akprashs ih nrohâîc ma sotas a prcbrhkhs phrh kaljcr htaimar saus nloaitas a ï pranosc qua asshs crbhiozhâñas taijhk ukh kaljcr nckuionhâîc nck cs hitobcs nloaitas a bhija icvcs aitîc h parbuith ï0 Qkh gch okhbak ï prokcrmohl phrh akprashs mc satcr ma sarvoâcs phrh wag3

 

81

8.> Jopþtasas Jopþtasas  H phrtor mh quastîc naitrhl masta astumc pcmak sar aiukarhmh hs sabuoitas jopþtasas0 Qkh gch okhbak, qua phssa ncinaotcs fhvcrèvaos hcs nloaitas,

 

ï assainohl phrh qua asth khitaijh uk gck ralhnocihkaitc a nckuionhâîc nck alas a qua nhmh vaz khos nciquosta icvcs.  

 Htuhlkaita quhimc h oifcrkètonh ï sobiofonhmc ma oicvhâîc a

kcmariomhma, h utolozhâîc mh këmoh mobothl ih movulbhâîc a hprasaithâîc mh akprash trhz ncisobc sobiofonhmcs assainohos phrh h prcsparomhma ma ukh akprash a tar ukh crbhiozhâîc mc satcr ma sarvoâcs phrh wag qua pcssuh ukh gch okhbak a qua ncisobh axplonhr hcs saus nloaitas nck nlhrazh cs topcs ma sarvoâcs qua alh cfarana ï okpcrthita. Qkh gch okhbak phrh ukh akprash ma sarvoâcs crbhiozhnocihl  

mc satcr ma sarvoâcs phrh wag, iîc mofara ak ihmh, pcos iîc hnrasnaith a iak hltarh c fluxc ma nloaitas.

8.= @ustofonhtovhs

Nck cs hvhiâcs taniclþboncs nhmh vaz khos nrasnaitas, ic kuimc tcmc, ï okpc ok pcrt rthi hita ta ph phrh rh ukh ukh akpr akpras ash h nr nroh ohrr uk so sota ta ph phrh rh mo movu vulb lbhr hr,, oi oifc fcrk rkhr hr a va vaim imar ar,, hukaithimc hssok h frabuasoh kaskc qua alh iak hphraâh ic asthgalanokaitc, asshs akprashs prcnurhk crbhiozhâñas aspanohlozhmhs ic hssuitc a ï okpcrthita phrh asshs crbhiozhâñas qua alhs ncisobhk ukh gch nckuionhâîc nck alas a qua phssa gcis ncinaotcs scgra alh. C oituotc ï `usthkaita kaljcrhr h okhbak massh crbhiozhâîc mc satcr ma sarvoâcs phrh wag, phrh qua alh ncisobh khitar a axplonhr  saus sarvoâcs cfaranomcs hcs nloaitas htrhvïs mc sota qua ï c kaoc palc quhl alh sa nckuionh nck alas.

 

86

8.1 Cg`atovcs

8.1.8 Cg`atovc barhl

Makcistrhr h afonoàinoh ma ukh gch okhbak ma uk sota, qua pcma hukaithr  a fh fhno nolot lothr hr cs akpr akpraa aaim imok okai aitc tcs, s, a h nc ncku kuio ionh nhâî âîc c nc nck k cs nl nloa oait itas as,, cu sa sa`h `h,, makcistrhr c pcmar mc khreatoib mobothl ih ncistruâîc ma uk sota.

8.1.7 Cg`atovc aspanëfonc

Aitrhr ak ncithtc nck uk akpraaimokaitc, ukh akprash mc satcr ma sarvoâcs phrh wag, kcmofonhr h astruturh mc sau sota, nckc c lhycut a h lcbckhrnh phrh qua h akprash cgtaijh khos sunassc ics futurcs trhghljcs a qua hbrhma hcs nloaitas.

 

82

7 KA]CMCLCBOH

7.8 Katcmclcboh utolozhmh

  Ic trhghljc fcrhk utolozhmhs pasquoshs axplcrhtþrohs, cima fco astumhmc c nhsc nhs c mc nlo nloai aita ta qua ianass ianassoth othvh vh mh kal kaljcr jcroh oh mc lhy lhycut cut mc sot sota. a. Fco lavhit lavhithm hmh h oifc oifcrk rkhâ hâña ñass ma suh uhss ak akpr pras ashs hs ht htrh rhvvïs ma uk Gr Groa oafofoib ib,, nc nck k rast rastro roâñ âñas as a cgrobhtcroamhmas ianassèrohs phrh fhzar hs kcmofonhâñas. Nck ghsa iossc fco vostc h kaljcr khiaorh phrh fhzar c sota nck htrhtovcs phrh c ncifcrtc mcs nloaitas `è axostaitas, a phrh cs prþxokcs nloaitas qua aitrhrak ak ncithtc nck h akprash pcssh tar ukh gch moiçkonh nck alh.

7.7 Astruturh mc ]NN

C NHTË]QLC 8 mè ëionoc hc hssuitc mc trhghljc hprasaithimc, mafoioimc c prcglakh naitrhl, cs cg`atovcs, hs prcvèvaos jopþtasas a h `ustofonhtovh mh asncljh mc takh. Ic NHTË]QLC 7 fcrhk kcstrhmcs cs kïtcmcs utolozhmcs palc brupc phrh njabhr hc rasulthmc prataimomc. C NHTË]QLC > ï h phrta cima sa aincitrh tcmhs hs oifcrkhâñas scgra cs hssu hs suit itcs cs hg hgcr crmh mhmc mcss a qu qua a ta taij ijhk hk ra ralh lhâî âîc c nc nck k h nc ncis istr truâ uâîc îc mc so sota ta ph phrh rh h akprash, nckc c ncinaotc ma Khreatoib a Rag.

 

8:

@è ic NHTË]QLC = fco movulbhmc c lavhithkaitc lavhithkaitc faotc nck nck h akprash p phrh hrh h nrohâîc mc parfol malh a c ncijanokaitc mhs cgrobhtcroamhmas a rastroâñas phrh h ncistruâîc mc sota, kcstrh thkgïk hs paâhs nrohmhs a hs `ustofonhtovhs mh nrohâîc. Ic NHTË]QLC 1 kcstrh nckc h quastîc naitrhl, hs jopþtasas, cg`atovc barhl a cg`atovcs aspanëfoncs fcrhk raspcimomhs a sa c plhia`hkaitc naitrhl fco faotc ma hncrmc nck c qua sa quaroh. Ic NHTË]QLC NHTË]QLC 6 fco kcstrhmc kcstrhmc hs mofon mofonulmhm ulmhmas as a hs lokothâñ lokothâñas as qua c brupc tava murhita c prcnassc ma nrohâîc masta trhghljc. Aifok Aif ok ic Nhpëtu Nhpëtulc lc 2, ðlt ðltokc okc mast masta a trh trhghl ghljc jc fco subaro subaromc mc icv icvhs hs paâh paâhss ma trhghljc phrh h akprash sa ic futurc fcr sclonothmh.

 

8?

> WAFAWAINOHL ]AÞWONC  

>.8 Rag   >.8.8 Mafoioâîc ma Rag   ^abui ^ab uimc mc ^hgght ^hgghtoio oio (8??6) (8??6) ak sau hrtobc hrtobc “Oifcr “Oifcrkht khtonh onh-Bl -Blcss cssèro èroc c mh arh mobothl‛ Rag ï mokoiutovc ma Rcrlm Roma Rag qua ï uk sarvoâc mh oitariat qua parkota h trhiskossîc a vosuhlozhâîc ma mcnukaitc kultokëmoh (nckc0 scis, taxtcs, okhbais, vëmacs a atn.) @è c Blcssèroc oifcrkètonc mh HTVK hnramoth qua Rcrlm Roma Rag ihmh ihmh khos ï mc qua h rama kui kuimohl, mohl, uk sostakh sostakh ma oifcr oifcrkhâñ khâñas as a ma fcitas ghsahmc ic jopartaxtc (Jopartaxt) mh oitariat qua tava c nrasnokaitc khos rèpomc ak tcmh rama.   >.8.7 H okpcrtçinoh mh wag phrh c nckïrnoc alatrýionc  

Ma hncrmc nck c taxtc nckïrnoc alatrýionc mc sota NON h nrohâîc ma uk asquakh rabocihl a blcghl ma trhishâñas nckarnohos mobothos aitra crbhiozhâñas a oimovëmucs, c njhkhmc Nckïrnoc Alatrýionc (Crbhiozhtoci fcr Ancickon Nccparhtoci him Mavalcpkait, 8??25 Oifcrkhtoci ^cnoaty Trckctoci Cffona, 8???), ï c rasulthmc ihturhl mh avcluâîc mh taniclcboh mh oifcrkhâîc, mc nrasnokaitc mh Oitariat a mh ianassomhma ma axphisîc ma karnhmcs oiaraita hc sostakh anciýkonc kuimohl, h blcghl blc ghlozh ozhâîc âîc.. Hs trh trhish ishâñ âñas as prc prcpon ponohm ohmhs hs pa palc lc nck nckïrn ïrnoc oc ala alatrý trýion ionc c ras rasult ulthk hk ak asquakhs hlthkaita afonoaitas ma trcnh ma prcmutcs mobothos a/cu fësoncs, htrhvïs mh ramuâîc ma oitarkamoèrocs aitra h prcmuâîc a c ncisukc ma gais. H axphisîc mc nckïrnoc alatrýionc mapaima morathkaita ma tràs alakaitcs0  

 

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² Nrohâîc ma taniclcbohs taniclcbohs ma nnckarnohlozhâîc ckarnohlozhâîc sa saburhs5 burhs5 ² Asthgalanokaitc ma ma sostakhs lab labhos hos a rabrhs nckarnohos nckarnohos nlhrhs5 ² Waas Waastrutu truturhâî rhâîc c crbhiozhn crbhiozhnocihl ocihl a anciýkonh anciýkonh mcs hbaitas aivclvomcs aivclvomcs ih nckarnohlozhâîc.

>.7 C sabkaitc ma ncisultcroh ak wag   >.7.8 ^atcr ma ncisultcroh ak wag Ncisultcroh ak wag ï uk nci`uitc ma sarvoâcs ih quhl h kossîc ï ma vosuhlozhr h sotuhâîc vortuhl mh akprash, omaitofonhr cs prcglakhs gèsoncs, gusnhr  oifcrkhâñas qua pcmak sclunocihr assas prcglakhs a alhgcrhr ukh prcpcsth ma scluâîc a ukh croaithâîc khos cg`atovh a rahlosth. Nclcnhimc è mospcsoâîc mc nloaita sarvoâcs nckc0   ²

Trc`atcs phrh masaivclvokaitc a nrohâîc ma sotas, pcrthos a lc`h vortuhl5

²

Hièlosa ma ncincrràinoh a ma oivastokaitcs5

²

Gusnh a rabostrc ma mckëioc5

²

Fcrkhâîc mc praâc ma vaimh mofarainohmc5

²

Tlhic ma khreatoib ics proinophos kanhioskcs ma gusnh  

prasaitas

ih oitariat (Bccbla, _hjcc, Goib, aitra cutrcs)

²

Alhgcrhâîc ma phlhvrhs njhvas partoiaitas5

²

Varofonhâîc ma pcssëvaos phrnarohs nck pcrthos ma hiðinocs.

  >.7.8.8 Khreatoib ma sahrnj aiboia cptokozhtoci(^.A.C)   C ^.A.C. (^ahrnj Aiboia Cptokozhtoci cu Ctokozhâîc ma Rag sotas) pcma sar  rasu rasuko komc mc ak muhs muhs ph phlh lhvr vrhs hs ra rasu sultlthm hmcs cs a pc pcso sono noci cihk hkai aitc tc.. Ic Icss mo mohs hs a jc jc`a `a,, h ta tani nicl clcb cboh oh park parkotota a qua qua cs nloa nloait itas as gu gusq squa uak k hs ak akpr pras ashs hs a ï fuim fuimhk hkai aith thll h

 

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akprash tar uk sota gak pcsonocihmc ihs gusnhs, ma hncrmc nckc cs iðkarcs hprasaithmcs ic hrtobc Ncisultcroh ^AC - Hbàinoh ^AC a ic hrtobc Ncisultcroh ak wag masobiar a wag khreatoib phrh cs sotas Fhgronhimcsotas a XugaMasobi 64% mcs vosothitas njabhk htrhvïs mcs rasulthmcs mcs sotas ma gusnh nck axakplc Bccbla, _hjcc a K^I, a masta tcthl ?4% mcs usuèrocs iîc hnasshk khos qua hs noinc prokaorhs pèboihs a cutrcs =4% hnasshk sckaita h prokaorh pèboih. H ctokozhâîc ma sotas, khos uk nci`uitc ma hâñas, fhz nck qua c sota mc nloaita hphraâh ihs prokaorhs pèboihs mcs sotas ma gusnh.   7. 7.7 7

Naiè Naièro ross a taim taimài àino nohs hs m mc c sabk sabkai aitc tc m ma a ncis ncisul ultc tcro roh h phrh phrh w wag ag   ^abuimc pasquosh rahlozhmh palc sota QCL, quak hnassh h oitariat ic

Grhsol, AQH, @hpîc, Hlakhijh a Waoic Qiomc phsshk tràs vazas khos takpc ci-loia mc qua vaimc ]V. H Oitariat iîc pèrh ma nrasnar a nhmh vaz khos passchs sa tcrihk fraqüaithmcrhs masta kuimc njaoc ma pcssogolomhmas. A phrh qua hs vaimhs mcs akprasèrocs qua oivastak iassh èrah thkgïk sobh c kaskc rukc ä kaskh pasquosh hpcitcu hlbuis kctovcs phrh hiuinohr ih oitariat.  Hukaithr rancijanokaitc ma khrnh0 Tasquoshimc scgra h okprassîc maoxhmh a c rancijanokaitc ma khrnh.   Barhr axparokaithâîc0 Varofonhr c hukaitc mc pðglonc hlvc a omaitofonhr icvcs nckprhmcras.    Hukaitc ma usc mh khrnh0 Hnckphijhr h fraquàinoh ma nckprh mc ncisukomcr ci-loia a cffloia5 pasquoshr cs ncisukomcras axpcstcs h hâñas ciloia a cffloia.   Qpbrhma ma prcmutc cu sarvoâc0 Hnckphijhr cs jègotcs ma nckprh.   Oinaitovhr hukaitc mc tëquata-kïmoc0 Hnckphijhr a nckphrhr tëquata ma nhmh nloaita, pcr nckprh ciloia a cffloia.

 

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  Kaljcrhr okhbak mc ncisukomcr ak ralhâîc ä khrnh0 Hnckphijhkaitc mhs htotumas mc ncisukomcr nck ralhâîc ä khrnh, oinlusova ncisomarhâîc a oitaiâîc ma nckprh.   Vaimh ma cutrcs prcmutcs mh kaskh akprash (“nrcss sall‛)0 Hnckphijhimc c nckpcrthkaitc ma nckprh mc ncisukomcr ak ralhâîc h matarkoihmhs khrnhs5 pasquoshimc cs afaotcs mhs hâñas nccparhmhs.   Nhkphi Nhk phijhs jhs nc nccpa cparhm rhmhs hs nck khrnhs khrnhs ma cut cutrhs rhs akp akpras rashs0 hs0 Hn Hnckp ckphij hijhr  hr  nckpcrthkaitc mh nckprh mc ncisukomcr nck ralhâîc h matarkoihmhs khrnhs5 pasquoshr cs afaotcs mhs hâñas nccparhmhs.    Hukaithr nckprhs mc kaskc prcmutc0 ^hgar c iðkarc ma ncisukomcras qua nckprhk c prcmutc khos ma ukh vaz.   Aincrh`hr fomalomhma a hukaithr aivclvokaitc nck h khrnh0 Nck c iðkarc ma nckprhs rapatomhs5 hnckphijhr h parnapâîc a htotuma mc ncisukomcr aitra h khrnh a hs suhs nckpatomcrhs5 hnckphijhr h oitaiâîc ma nckprh mh khrnh ak ralhâîc äs nckpatomcrhs.   Fcrian Fcr ianar ar kho khoss oifcrk oifcrkhâñ hâñas as scg scgra ra h khr khrnh nh00 Ih Ihss paâ paâhs hs pug puglon lonotè otèroh rohs5 s5 h murhâîc mh vosoth hc sota5 c iðkarc ma parbuiths cu sclonothâîc ma khos oifcrkhâîc pcr a-khol.   Makcistrhâîc mc prcmutc0 Taâh puglonotèroh5 Murhâîc mh vosoth hc sota a c iðkarc ma parbuiths cu sclonothâîc ma oifcrkhâîc pcr a-khol.   Nrohr ghinc ma mhmcs prþproc ma nloaitas0 Hnckphijhr h avcluâîc a c nrasnokaitc mc ghinc ma mhmcs5 Hnckphijhr hs vaimhs faoths hcs kakgrcs mc ghinc ma mhmcs.  

 

7>

Omaitofonhr cpcrtuiomhmas ma vaimh0 Iðkarc ma cpcrtuiomhmas omaitofonhmhs ciloia a cffloia5 quhlomhma mhs cpcrtuiomhmas nckphrhmhs äs barhmhs ak cutrcs kaocs.   Cfaranar ^arvoâc ma Htaimokaitc hc Nloaita0 Hnckphijhimc c iðkarc ma vosoths ciloia, nckphrhimc nck sclonothâñas cffloia5 pasquoshr brhu ma shtosfhâîc mcs nloaitas5 nckphrhr nckphrhr cs nustcs m mc c sarvoâc ciloia ciloia a mc sarvoâc sarvoâc cffloia.   Mascvhr astcqua axnamaita cu prcmutcs fcrh ma loijh htrhvïs ma prckcâñas0  Hnckphijhimc  Hnckphijhim c hs vaimhs mcs prcmutcs5 nckphrhimc cs nustcs nck hltarihtovhs cffloia.   Wamuzor nustcs ma khreatoib0 Nckphrhr cs nustcs a h afonènoh mc nhihl ciloia nck hs hâñas cffloia.   ]asthr mofaraitas ncinaotcs phrh h khrnh0 Varofonhr h oitaiâîc ma nckprh5 pasquoshr cs ncinaotcs mh khrnh.   ]asthr mofaraitas kcmalcs ma praâcs0 Kamor h oitaiâîc ma nckprh a c vcluka ma vaimhs.   ]asthr icvhs cpâñas ma prckcâîc0 Varofonhr c hukaitc ma vaimhs a lunrcs5 kamor h oitaiâîc ma nckprh.   ]asthr icvcs prcmutcs cu sarvoâcs0 Kamor oitaiâîc ma nckprh, h htotuma a c nckpcrthkaitc mc ncisukomcr.   Tasquoshs0 Nckphrhr cs nustcs, h thxh ma ratcric a c takpc phrh cs rasulthmcs nck ralhâîc ä pasquosh cffloia.   Barhr vaimhs ciloia0 Fhturhkaitc5 pasquoshs ma shtosfhâîc mc ncisukomcr.   Fhlhr nck pðglonc hlvc iîc htoibomc ak cutrcs nhihos0 Hvhlohr htï cima p hlnhina parkota5 hvhlohr h mosparsîc5 hvhlohr c hukaitc ihs vaimhs.

 

7=

   Hparfaoâchr afonoàinoh mc plhic ma këmoh0 Nckphrhr NTK nck cs rasulthmcs aitra cs kaocs.   Omaitofonhr oitarassas mcs ncisukomcras a taimàinohs ma karnhmc0 Nckphrhr  cs lhiâhkaitcs ma prcmutcs, prckcâñas a nhkphijhs ciloia a cffloia.   Fomalozhr nloaitas khos htovcs0 Hvhlohimc h kïmoh ma ranckprh5 khrbak ma lunrc pcr ncisukomcr5 pasquoshr ëimona ma shtosfhâîc.   Barhr trèfabc ic sota0 Tarnaituhl ma nloquas ih nhkphijh5 iðkarc ma vosoths takpc ma murhâîc mhs vosoths5 iðkarc ma pèboihs vosths hitas, murhita a mapcos mh nhkphijh. Barhr trèfabc ak lc`h fësonh0 Varofonhr c kcvokaitc hitas, murhita a mapcos mh nhkphijh ciloia5 ncisulthr h crobak mh oifcrkhâîc scgra h lc`h, prcmutc cu sarvoâc.   Wanruthkaitc ma fuinocièrocs0 Hvhlohr h thxh ma ramuâîc mcs nustcs ma omaitofonhâîc mcs nhimomhtcs5 iðkarc ma aitravosths gak-sunamomhs nck crobak ciloia.  

>.> Khreatoib   >.>.8. Khrreatoib0 Ncinaotc a mafoioâîc   Ma hncrmc nck Lavott hpum Fhroh (7442) ak hrtobc phrh c sota Tcrthl mc Khreatoib, khreatoib pcma sar mafoiomc nckc0 "c prcnassc ma nciquosthr a khitar  nloaitas". Cu nckc mossa Ectlar hpum Fhroh (7442)0 "Khreatoib ï c nci`uitc ma htovomhmas jukhihs qua tak pcr cg`atovc fhnolothr a ncisukhr ralhâñas ma trcnh‛.

 

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Khreatoib iîc ï soiýiokc ma prcphbhimh. H prcphbhimh ï hpaihs ukh farrhkaith mc khreatoib. C khreatoib ï prcvaioaita mh ancickoh, a sa tcricu oimapaimaita mh ancickoh, quhimc sa ncisthtcu qua h ghsa ma ncijanokaitc phrh usc mc khreatoib pranoshvh sar khocr, khos hgrhibaita, nckpraaimaimc, aitra cutrhs0 scnoclcboh, hitrcpclcboh, asthtëstonh a psonclcboh. Ectlar fco quak kaljcr masaivclvau uk ncinaotc scgra khreatoib, ala ï quak tak cs lovrcs khos lomcs ma khreatoib, hmcthmcs a trhmuzomcs. Qk ma saus ðltokcs lovrcs ï "Khreatoib phrh c sïnulc ZZO", iala fco rancijanomc c cg`atovc mc khreatoib "c barainohkaitc mh makhimh". Xua ï uk ncinaotc qua karana htaiâîc.   Ectlar pcssuo hoimh cutrhs mafoioâñas phrh c ncinaotc khreatoib0 •

C khreatoib prcnurh c aquolëgroc aitra h cfarth a h makhimh.

•

Khreatoib iîc ï h hrta ma masncgror khiaorhs oitalobaitas ma

masnhrthr-sa mc qua fco prcmuzomc. Khreatoib ï h hrta ma nrohr vhlcr baiuëic phrh cs nloaitas. •

Ï h hrta ma h`umhr cs nloaitas h tcrihrak-sa hoimh kaljcras.

•

Khreatoib ï h fuiâîc akprashrohl qua omaitofonh ianassomhmas

a masa`cs oishtosfaotcs, mafoia a kama suh khbiotuma a sau pctainohl ma ra rait ithg hgololom omhm hma, a, aspa aspano nofofonh nh qu qua a ka karn rnhm hmcs cs-h -hlv lvc c sa sarî rîc c kh khos os gak gak htaimomcs palh akprash, manoma scgra prcmutcs, sarvoâcs a prcbrhkhs hmaquhmcs phrh sarvor h assas karnhmcs salanocihmcs a ncivcnh h tcmcs ih crbhiozhâîc phrh paishr ic nloaita a htaimar hc nloaita. (EC]LAW, 744>).    Hoimh sabuimc Ectlar (744>), c khreatoib nckc nci`uitc ma ncijanokaitcs, crouimcs ma movarshs èrahs mc ncijanokaitc jukhic, qua taijhk hplonhâîc phrh fhnolothr hs trcnhs qua sa afatuhk ic karnhmc. Khreatoib ï khos h hplonhâîc, katcmclcboh, prètonh mcs ncijanokaitcs qua fhvcranak c asthgalanokaitc ma trcnhs prcvaotcshs ic karnhmc, aifok, ï khos taniclcboh mc qua noàinoh.   @è phrh h HKH (Hkaronhi Khreatoib Hsscnohtoci) Khreatoib ï "c prcnassc ma plhia` plhia`hr hr a axa axanu nuthr thr h ncina ncinapâî pâîc, c, ast asthg hgala alanok nokait aitc c ma pra praâcs âcs,, prc prckcâ kcâîc îc a

 

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mostroguoâîc ma omïohs, prcmutcs a sarvoâcs h fok ma nrohr trcnhs qua shtosfhâhk kaths oimovomuhos a crbhiozhnocihos". Asta topc ma mafoioâîc, khos cparhnocihl, c khreatoib ï vostc nckc uk hphijhmc ma ncinaotcs ma cutrhs èrahs. Aifok,, c khreatoib ï c astumc mh Aifok mhss trcnhs qua sa rahlozhk rahlozhk ic kar karnhmc nhmc.. A sau cg`atovc ï cgtar a khitar nloaitas.   >.>.7 Okpcrtçnoh mc khreatoib phrh hs crbhiozhâñas   Ma hncrmc nck Ghstcs (7444), c Khreatoib htaima hs axobàinohs ma tcmcs cs topc topcs, s, th thkh khij ijcs cs a sa sabk bkai aitc tcss ma cr crbh bhio iozh zhâî âîc, c, ma akpr akpras ashs hs.. Nh Nhga ga hpai hpaihs hs h hmaquh hma quhâîc âîc mhs ka kaljc ljcras ras tïnion tïnionhs hs h sar sarak ak uto utoloz lozhmh hmhss ak fui fuiâîc âîc mc kc kcith ithita ita mospc mos pciëv iëval al ma ran ranurs urscs cs mh crbhi crbhiozh ozhâîc âîc.. Ak hlb hlbuk ukhs hs akp akpras rashs, hs, h mor moratc atcroh roh ma Khreatoib matïk pcmar manosþroc scgra èrahs mhs khos movarsofonhmhs. Mhs fuiâñas mc khreatoib, masthnhk-sa noinc fuiâñas proinophos sabuimc Ghstcs0   •

Ba Barà ràin inoh oh mc pr prcm cmut utc0 c0 qu qua a hn hnck ckph phij ijh h cu sa sarv rvoâ oâc c ma masm sma a h

ncinapâîc hcs astèbocs ma pasquoshs, masobi, masaivclvokaitc a fhgronhâîc htï c lhiâhkaitc ic karnhmc.   •

Mafoioâîc mc praâc0 matarkoihmc ma hncrmc cs

nustcs, pcmar hquosotovc mc karnhmc a praâcs mcs prcmutcs ncincrraitas.   •

Mos Mostro troguo guoâî âîc0 c0 faoth faoth pcr uk cu khos khos nh nhiho ihos, s, ak vai vaimh mh morath morath hc

ncisukomcr cu pcr oitarkamoèrocs. H mostroguoâîc mcs prcmutcs mapaima ma suh ihturazh a mh fcrkh nckc ï faoth h vaimh. Cs nhihos trhmonocihos ma mostroguoâîc sîc c hthnhmc a c vhra`c, a hs vaimhs oimustrohos. H phrtor mh mïnhmh ma 8?14, tcrihrhk-sa pcpulhras hs vaimhs pcr raakgclsc pcsthl a khlh morath5 khos thrma surborhk c talakhreatoib, hs vaimhs pcr nckputhmcr a h fcrkhâîc ma brhimas nhmaohs ma vaimamcras hutýickcs, qua hmquorak cs prcmutcs a hs paâh puglonotèrohs, nuomhk mh movulbhâîc a mc fanjhkaitc ma

 

72

vaimhs a asthgalanak suhs prþprohs khrbais ma lunrc , maitrc ma lokotas asthgalanomcs palc fhgronhita.   •

Tuglonomhma „ qua salanocih hs nhrhntarëstonhs mc gak nhphzas ma

htrhor c pðglonc hlvc a nrohr ih kaita mc ncisukomcr mofarainohâñas p pcsotovhs csotovhs mc prcmutc ak ralhâîc hcs ncincrraitas .Qkh mhs proinophos tïnionhs mc khreatoib , h puglonomhma, tak c cg`atovc ma nrohr , a masaivclvar cu kumhr  cs jègotcs a ianassomhmas mc ncisukomcr.   •

Va Vaim imhs hs „ ak qu qua a sa mè c nc ncit itht htc c mo mora ratc tc ai aitr tra a nc nckp kprh rhmc mcrr a

vaimamcr. Cs fhgronhitas ma gais ma ncisukc a lhrbh asnhlh, akgcrh iîc vaimhk morathkaita hc ncisukomcr foihl, ncstukhk akprabhr uk brhima iðkarc ma vaimamcras phrh lomhr nck tcmcs cs oitarkamoèrocs ma tcmc topc, sa`h sa `hk k al alas as ht hthn hnhm hmos osth thss cu vhra vhra`o`ost sths hs.. Ih va vaim imh h ma ga gais is ma nh nhpo poth thll nckplaxcs cu kuotc nhrcs c phpal mc vaimamcr ï nrunohl. (GH^]C^, ( GH^]C^, 7444)  

>.= Nckuionhâîc oitabrhmh ma khreatoib

 >.=.8 Ncinaotc ma nckuionhâîc oitabrhl ma khreatoib

  Nckuionhâîc Oitabrhmh ssîc îc uk nci`uitc ma ma asfcrâcs, hâñas, astrhtïbohs a prcm prcmut utcs cs ma nc ncku kuio ionh nhâî âîc, c, plhi plhia` a`hm hmcs cs a ma masa saiv ivcl clvo vomc mcss pc pcrr uk ukh h ak akpr pras ash h cu aitomhma, nck c cg`atovc ma hbrabhr vhlcr ä suh khrnh cu ma ncisclomhr h suh okhbak `uitc h pðgloncs aspanëfoncs cu ä scnoamhma. ^abuimc Tjolop Ectlar, (8??:) h nckuionhâîc oitabrhmh mava rancijanar c vhlcr hbrabhmc ma uk plhic hgrhibaita, hvhlohr phpïos astrhtïboncs ma ukh vhroamhma ma mosnoploihs ma nckuionhâñas a nckgoihr asshs mosnoploihs phrh fcrianar nlhrazh, ncisostàinoh a okphntc kèxokc ma nckuionhâîc pcr kaoc mh oitabrhâîc ma kaishbais mosnraths.

 

7:

>.=.7 „ Trcphbhimh a puglonomhma

Akgcrh ushmcs nckc soiýiokcs soiýiokcs,, puglonomhma a p prcphbhimh rcphbhimh iî iîc c sobiofonhk h kaskh ncosh. Ma hncrmc nck Kcitaorc (C kuimc mc Khreatoib) puglonomhma marovh mc lhtok puglonu qua sobiofonh pðglonc, a masobih h quhlomhma mc qua ï pðglonc, c htc ma tcrihr  pðglonc uk fhtc cu omïoh. Trcphbhimh ï mafoiomh nckc h prcphbhâîc ma proinëpocs a tacrohs. Fco nrohmh palh oitrcmuzomh palh obra`h nhtþlonh nck c oituotc ma movulbhr a fhkolohrozhr h fï. Vak mc lhtok prcphbhra qua sobiofonh raprcmuzor pcr kaoc ma karbuljoh ^abui ^ab uimc mc Wcg Wcgart art Lamun Lamun aib aiblcg lcghim himc c tcm tcmhs hs hs nc nciso isomar marhâñ hâñas, as, pcm pcmakc akcss ncinaotuhr prcphbhimh nckc "c nci`uitc ma tïnionhs a htovomhmas ma oifcrkhâîc a parsuh par suhsî sîc c mastoi mastoihmh hmhss h oiflua oifluain inohr ohr,, iuk ma matar tarkoi koihmc hmc sai saitom tomc, c, hs cpo cpoioñ ioñas, as, cs saitokaitcs a hs htotumas mc pðglonc ranaptcr".

>.=.> Trckcâîc a prckcâî prckcâîc c ma vaimhs

^abuimc Tjolop Ectlar (8??:,1?2), Trckcâîc ma vaimhs ï uk tarkc baiïronc phrh vèrocs oistrukaitcs qua iîc sîc nlhssofonhmcs fcrkhlkaita nckc prcphbhimh, vaim va imhs hs pass passch chos os cu pu pugl glon onom omhm hma. a. Assa Assass oi oist stru ruka kait itcs cs sî sîc c ai aima mara raâh âhmc mcss hc hcss ncisukomcras, hc nckïrnoc cu ä prþproh fcrâh ma vaimhs mc fhgronhita. Maitrc mcs astumcs ma khreatoib h mofaraiâh aitra cs tarkcs “prckcâîc‛ a “prckcâîc ma vaimhs‛, Trckcâîc ma Vaimhs ï prckcvar hs vaimhs, okpulsocihr h hnaothâîc mc prcmutcs palc ncisukomcr kamohita cfarth, a rahlozhimc hlbc fcrh mc phmrîc. H prckcâîc, hlïk mc ncisukomcr, mava gaiafonohr c vhra`osth a tcmcs cs oitarkamoèrocs, ossc cncrra htrhvïs ma hukaitc ma astcqua voh nckpaishâîc (plus) phrh ph rh tc tcmc mcs. s. H pr prck ckcâ câîc îc ma va vaim imh h nccp nccpar arht htov ovhm hmh h ï qu quhi himc mc c fhgr fhgron onhi hita ta fhz fhz prckcâîc nck uk vhra`osth aspanëfonc, axakplc0 sakhih ma scrvata ih lc`h “Z‛. C ta tark rkc c “p “prc rckc kcâî âîc‛ c‛ as astè tè ht htra ralh lhmc mc h uk nc ncin inao aotc tc kh khos os trhm trhmon onoc ocih ihll mc khreatoib, asthimc lobhmc ä prcphbhimh, ralhâñas pðglonhs, vaimh passchl a h

 

7?

prþproh prckcâîc ma vaimhs, khs nhmh uk mastas satcras masaivclvau nhkoijcs prþprocs ih avcluâîc mhs hâñas ma karnhmcs.   >.=.= Khreatoib moratc   Khreatoib moratc nckc mafoia Gorm (8??8), “foncu nrosthlozhmc phrh nhrhntarozhr  uk khreatoib ma ralhnocihkaitc ak cpcsoâîc hc khreatoib ma prcmutc0 phrh mafoior  uk topc ma nckuionhâîc-m nckuionhâîc-moèlcbc oèlcbc ak cpcsoâîc ä prcphbhimh-kci prcphbhimh-kciþlcbc‛. þlcbc‛.  H suh ghsa ï h oifcrkhâîc, qua mavomc hcs hvhiâcs taniclþboncs cncrromcs ihs ðltokhs mïnhmhs, pcma sar fhnolkaita nhpturhmh a hmkoiostrhmh. Jc`a ï pcssëval fcrkhr brhimas ghincs ma mhmcs nck oifcrkhâñas ralavhitas scgra hs passchs, hbruph hbr uphimc imc-hs -hs pc pcrr mhmcs mhmcs ma sok sokolhr olhromh omhma ma,, a hss hssok ok tar var varmh mhmao maorc rc nci ncijan janoka okaitc itc oimovomuhlozhmc mcs ncisukomcras, usuèrocs a nloaitas pctainohos, phrh hë aitîc, hbor  scgra alas. Assh pcssogolomhma barhmh palh oifcrkètonh trcuxa ma vclth c ncithtc moratc, sþ qua hbcrh, oimapaimaita mh prasaiâh fësonh, c ncithtc moratc uk-h-uk, nck kuotcs a oisthithiahkaita.  Hlïk massh ghsa, h nckuionhâîc nckuionhâîc ï cutrc pcitc axtrakhkaita axtrakhkaita okpcrthita mc khreatoib moratc. Nckc hforkh ih nothâîc “sa h akprash iîc ush khreatoib moratc h suh prcphbhimh ï uk kciþlcbc rapatotovc, hoimh qua taijh nrohtovomhma a mà lañas ak Nhiias. Khs, sa h akprash ush uk prcnassc ma khreatoib moratc, aitîc h suh nckuionhâîc ï uk moèlcbc, cu sa`h, alh fhlh äs passchs a cuva asshs kaskhs passchs, ncitoiuhkaita.‛ (GOWM, 8??8) Tcrthi Tcr thitc, tc, hs nckuio nckuionh nhâña âñass ma khr khreat eatoib oib mor moratc atc nuk nukpra prak k mu muhs hs brhima brhimass fu fui iâñas0 ñas0 nc nciq iquo uost sth h ma ic ick kas ma pas assc schs hs a kh khi iuta utaiâ iâî îc a htov htovh hâîc ma ralhnocihkaitc ncitëiuc nck passchs `è nciquosthmhs nciquosthmhs..  H nciquosth ma ickas ma passchs ï faoth nck prcphbhimh a cutrcs kaocs ma nhpthâîc0 hiðinocs nck nupcis-raspcsth, hiðinocs nck h cfarth ma nhtèlcbcs, nartofonhmcs ma bhrhitoh ratcrihmcs, nhpthâîc ma ickas ak faorhs, avaitcs, lc`hs ma vhra`c, sota ih oitariat, ncinurscs a prckcâñas, khlh-morath nck farrhkaiths ma raspcsth.  H khiutaiâîc a htovhâîc mc ralhnocihkaitc nck passchs nciquosthmhs sîc faoths htrhvïs mh nckuionhâîc morobomh. Hquo hs farrhkaiths barhlkaita utolozhmhs

 

>4

sîc cs iawslattars, hs khlhs moraths, cs nhtèlcbcs, c talakhreatoib htovc, hs nhrths saqüainohos.  

>.=.1 Khreatoib mobothl   Ma hn hncr crmc mc nck nck ^cuz ^cuzh h (7 (744 44?) ?) ic hrtob hrtobc c “K “Khr hrea eatoi toib b Mo Mobo both thl,l, c qua qua ï‛, ï‛, puglonhmc palc sota Khreatoib Mobothl 7.4, c khreatoib mobothl pcma sar mafoiomc nckc ukh prètonh ma prckcâîc ma prcmutcs a sarvoâcs htrhvïs mh utolozhâîc mh oitariat phrh htoibor cs ncisukomcras ma ukh fcrkh khos hnassëval a rèpomh. r èpomh.  Hitas vostc nckc ukh farrhkaith sak gchs parspantovhs, htuhlkaita, kuoths akprashs cpthk pcr utolozhr asta nhkpc mc khreatoib h fok ma ncinratozhr cu sokplaskaita hlhvhinhr suhs vaimhs. Ma hncrmc nck Wckîc (7484) ic hrtobc “Vhra`c ciloia, uk prhzar ak axphisîc‛, puglonhmc palc sota OMB Icw, “mhmcs ma karnhmc oimonhk qua 82,6 koljñas ma passchs nckprhrhk palh oitariat ak 744?, uk nrasnokaitc ma >>% ak ralhâîc h 744:‛. ]crih-sa, pcrthitc, oimosnutëval c fhtc mc nckïrnoc alatrýionc kcvokaithr h nhmh hic ukh phrnalh khocr mh ancickoh kuimohl, provolabohimc, hlïk mcs ncisukomcras, ak obuhl nrasnaimc, c akprasèroc, qua aincitrh ukh hltarihtovh ma asnhpa phrh h nrosa anciýkonh qua hghtau c nhpothl ma movarshs akprashs ics ðltokcs hics. ^abuimc Gcrtclattc, moratcr mh Rag Ncisult, aspanohlozhmh ak iabþnocs a scluâñas vortuhos ak Galc Jcrozcita, ic hrtobc “A-nckkarna phrh TKAs‛ puglonhmc pcr ^cuzh Foljc (744?) ic sota TN Khbhzoia, c akprasèroc astè parnagaimc, pcunc h pcunc, qua c khreatoib mobothl, ak quhlquar hkgoaita, quar sa`h ic karnhmc rahl cu vortuhl, barh rasulthmcs pcsotovcs, iîc asthgalanaimc uk icvc topc ma karnhmc, khs uk phrhlalc aitra c fësonc a c mobothl0 ^ota pcr so sþ iîc barh iabþnocs. ]rhth-sa sckaita ma uk asphâc phrh c oitarihuth ncijanar khos scgra h akprash. C aimaraâc alatrýionc pcma tar khos cg`atovcs qua sckaita oifcrkhr, nckc pcr axakplc sar ukh farrhkaith phrh qua hs passchs masnugrhk h akprash nck uk kaljcr pcsonocihkaitc ak sotas ma gusnhs, taimc h cpâîc ma nckprhr a ncijanar kaljcr prcmutcs a sarvoâcs. Ak pcunhs phlhvrhs, c khreatoib mobothl ï c hvhl ianassèroc phrh qua c nloaita rahloza trhiquolhkaita trhiquolhkaita suhs nckprhs ak matarkoihmh lc`h. Ma hncrmc nnck ck c

 

>8

hrtobc “Oitariat oifluainoh nckprhs ak tcmhs hs nlhssas scnohos‛, pcr Oifckciay, puglonhmc palc sota Akpraaimamcr (744?), 64% mcs oitarihuths gusnhk prïvohs oifcrkhâñas ma prcmutcs ic sota mh lc`h ak quastîc hitas ma afatuhr h nckprh.

>.=.1.8 Farrhkaiths utolozhmhs ic khreatoib mobothl   ^abuimc c sota, Ahsy Lcbons ic hrtobc “Hukaita h ncifohiâh mc vosothita‛0 Thrana avomaita qua ioibuïk nckprh iak nckprhrè ihmh ak lc`hs, fësonhs cu iî iîc, c, sa sak k uk nlokh nlokh nc ncif ifcr crtè tèva vall a ma nc ncif ifoh ohiâ iâh. h. ^a qu quar ar va vaim imar ar,, tarè tarè qu qua a nciquosthr c vosothita iîc sþ nck ukh gch okhbak khs thkgïk h tcmcs cs cutrcs iëvaos qua pashk ic sau prcnassc ma manosîc. Oiavotèval sa tcrih aitîc, c usc ma ukh bhkh khocr ma farrhkaiths h fok ma nciquosthr nloaitas. Tcmak sar ncisomarhmhs hlbukhs mhs proinophos farrhkaiths cu utolozhâñas ih prètonh mc a-nckkarna, maitra movarscs otais, sunoithkaita, pcr mafoioâîc ma Kaiazas (744>, pèb. 2=, 21) h movulbhâîc ma ghiiars puglonotèrocs a c aivoc ma akhols ncitaimc cfarths ma prcmutcs a sarvoâcs (cu ^THK).   >.=.1.8.8 A-nckkarna   Ma hncrmc nck Bcal (7442, pèb. 1) c a-nckkarna ncisosta ak asthgalanar  iabcnohâñas htrhvïs mh rama ma ihvabhâîc Oitariat ma kcmc h parkotor qua c nloaita, sa`h ala fësonc cu `urëmonc, ihvabua htrhvïs ma uk sota phrh thitc. Ma ukh khiaorh khos hkplh, nckc faotc hc sa vosothr uk pcitc ma vaimh foxc, c nloaita pcssuo c pcmar ma hmonocihr a/cu rakcvar otais ä suh “nasth ma nckprhs‛ a hc saitorsa sh shtotosf sfao aotc tc nck nck c ncla nclath thmc mc,, fofoih ihlolozh zhrr h nckp nckprh rh,, cg cgta taim imc c hs hsso sok, k, mh mhmc mcss kh khos os mathljhmcs hnarnh mc phbhkaitc a ranagokaitc mcs prcmutcs. Tcr sa trhthr ma ukh kcmhlomhma ma iabcnohâñas kuotc hgrhibaita, c anckkarna ï nckukaita movomomc ak nhtabcrohs cu kcmhlomhmas qua vhrohk ma hncrmc nck h suh utolozhâîc.

 

>7

^abuimc ^hitcs (744:), ic hrtobc “A-Nckkarna a cs topcs ma iabþnocs vortuhos‛ puglonhmc palc sota Hrkhirullh, c a-nckkarna pcma sar movomomc ak saos nhtabcrohs0   Gusoiass tc gusoiass (G7G)0 Ï c ic icka ka mh mhmc mc ph phrh rh trhis trhishâ hâña ñass rahl rahloz ozhm hmhs hs hpai hpaihs hs aitr aitra a ak akpr pras ashs hs.. Aiblcgh, hlïk mh nckprh a vaimh ma prcmutcs, c cfaranokaitc ma sarvoâcs vclthmcs phrh c hkgoaita ncrpcrhtovc.  H movulbhâîc masth rhkofonhâîc mc a-nckkarna pranosh sar tcthlkaita oifc oifcrk rkht htov ovh h a fc fcrk rkhl hl,, `è qu qua a ic karn karnhm hmc c ak akpr pras ashr hroh ohll ï kh khos os vhlc vhlcro rozh zhmh mh h hprasaithâîc mc prcmutc.   Gusoiass tc ncisukar (G7N)0 Walhâîc nckarnohl aitra ukh akprash a c ncisukomcr foihl. Iana Ia nass ssototh h ma uk kh khoc ocrr nu nuom omhm hmc c a as astu tumc mc hprc hprcfu fuim imhm hmc c ph phrh rh qu qua a h nckuionhâîc ma fhtc htoi`h sau cg`atovc fraita hcs ncisukomcras.   Ncisukar tc ncisukar (N7N)0 ]opc ma iabcnohâîc rahlozhmh ma passch fësonh h passch fësonh pcr kaoc ma uk tarnaorc, iasta nhsc `urëmonc. ^îc axakplcs ma a-nckkarna N7N, laolñas a nlhssofonhmcs vortuhos, cima c sota huxolohmcr lunrh htrhvïs mhs prcphbhimhs qua voinulh a hs thxhs ncgrhmhs phrh cs hiuinohitas.   Ncisukar tc gusoiass (N7G)0 Nhtabcroh cima c ncisukomcr gusnh c qua quar hmquoror ma matarkoihmh akprash. Qk axakplc sîc cs “laolñas ravarscs‛ cima c ncisukomcr hiuinoh c qua quar nckprhr a hs akprashs asthgalanak cs praâcs.   Gusoiass tc hmkoiostrhtoci (G7H)0 Kcmhlomhma ncrraita aitra akprashs a þrbîcs mc Asthmc. Barhlkaita utolozhmc phrh hmquoror lonaiâhs pðglonhs.

 

>>

  Ncisukar tc hmkoiostrhtoci (N7H)0 Iasta nhsc, c ncisukomcr, cu passch fësonh, rancrra hc Asthmc phrh rahlozhr  sclonothâñas. Gcla Gc latotois is ma cncr cncrrà ràin inoh oh sî sîc c axak axakpl plcs cs ma ia iabc bcno nohâ hâña ñass qu qua a pc pcma mak k sa sar  r  rahlozhmhs htrhvïs mh rama.   >.=.1.8.7 Ghiiars puglonotèroc   Ma hncrmc nck c hrtobc “Mafoioâîc ma "Ghiiar"‛, puglonhmc palc glcb Ihi ]ani (7484), ghiiar ï uk otak vosuhl utolozhmc ak wagsotas barhlkaita nck c oituotc ma movulbhr hlbukh cfarth ma prcmutc cu sarvoâc ma uk sabuimc wagsota phrh cs voso vosoth thit itas as mc ka kask skc. c. ^a ^au u pr prcp cpþs þsototc c ï tcth tcthlk lkai aita ta pu pugl glon onototèr èroc oc a sa sau u us usc c barhlkaita ï ncgrhmc palc jcspamaorc, `è qua sau asphâc astè saimc utolozhmc phrh h hprasaithâîc ma uk pcssëval ncincrraita. Tcr mafoioâîc mc sota A-Nckkarna.CWB0 C ghiiar, ï h fcrkh ma prcphbhimh ci-loia qua khos sa hprcxokh mh prcphbhimh trhmonocihl a hoimh ï c topc ma prckcâîc qua ranaga h khocr phrta mcs oivastokaitcs mhs hbàinohs a hiuinohitas ih Oitariat. C ghiiar ï ukh fcrkh oitarasshita a ma fènol cparhnocihlozhâîc phrh h barhâîc ma trèfabc a movulbhâîc ma khrnh, masma qua cgsarvhmh h ralhâîc nustc/gaiafonoc, cu sa`h, c ratcric ak tarkcs ma vosoth vosothss trh trhzom zomhs hs pa palc lc ghiiar ghiiar a quhito quhitomhm mhma a ma okp okpras rassña sñass a c oiv oivast astoka okaitc itc rahlozhmc phrh suh puglonhâîc.   >.=.1.8.> ^phk   ^abuimc ^abu imc c hrtob hrtobc c “C qua ï ^THK ^THK3‛, 3‛, puglonh puglonhmc mc palc sota ]arrh, ^THK pcma sar mafoiomc nckc c aivoc, h ukh brhima quhitomhma ma passchs ma ukh vaz, ma kaishbai kais hbaiss alatrýionh alatrýionhs, s, barhlkaita barhlkaita nck nuijc nuijc pugl puglonotèr onotèroc. oc. ]hkgïk ]hkgïk ncij ncijanom anomc c nckc QNA (Qisclonotam Nckkarnohl Akhol), cu a-khol nckarnohl iîc-sclonothmc, h

 

>=

prètonh pcssuo uk jostþronc gak panulohr. Axostak movarshs aspanulhâñas h raspaotc mh crobak ma sau icka, khs h qua khos sa ainhoxh ic ncitaxtc, ï h mh hgravohâîc mcs ailhthmcs ^ponam Jhk, cu prasuitc ponhita, prcmutc icrta-hkaronhic vaimomc masma c hic ma 8?>2. Ih mïnhmh ma 24 fco movulbhmh ih talavosîc icrta-hkaronhih ukh nhkphijh ma jukcr ak qua ukh bhrâciata, hc oivïs ma mozar cs vhrohmcs prhtcs cfaranomcs palc rasthurhita hc nloaita, cfarana vèrohs vazas c prcmutc ^THK, nckc ukh hlusîc ä brhima quhitomhma mc kaskc. Tcstarocras usuèrocs mh rama vortuh vor tuhll hmcthr hmcthrhk, hk, pcr pcrthi thitc, tc, c tar tarkc kc ä prhton prhtonh. h. C pro prokao kaorc rc a-khol a-khol iîc-sc iîc-sclon lonoth othmc mc aivoh ivohmc mc a mcn cnuk uka ait ithm hmc c fc fcoo masto astoi ihmc ä rama rama ma pas asq quos osh h hvhi hvhiââhm hmh h mc Maphrthkaitc ma Mafash mcs Asthmcs Qiomcs mh Hkïronh, cs nrohmcras mh oitariat, ak > ma khoc ma 8?2:. ^au ncitaðmc arh puglonotèroc a fco hpcithmc, ih ïpcnh, nckc voclhmcr mhs icrkhs prcpcsths phrh h rama. Maitrc mc ionjc ma khreatoib mobothl, pcrthitc, c ^THK bhijh okpcrtçinoh nckc ukh farrhkaith ma oifcrkhâîc phrh cs nloaitas, qua, kaskc sak oiquoror, hnhghk tckhimc ncijanokaitc mc prcmutc cfaranomc a, crh cu cutrh, bhijhimc nurocsomhma hnarnh mc kaskc.

>.1 H omaitomhma vosuhl0 fuimhkaithâîc   >.1.8 Hs cpâñas ma trhghljc ak omaitomhma ak omaitomhma vosuhl

  ^abuimc Toijc (8??6, pèb. >?) hpum Wazaima (8?2?, pèb. 7?), h omaitomhma vosuhl pcma sar mafoiomh nckc uk nci`uitc “ma sobics vosuhos a suhs rabrhs gèsonhs ma usc qua nhrhntarozhk, mostoibua a nccrmaih h omaitofonhâîc ma ukh akprash‛. ]cmh akprash pranosh asthgalanar ak sau khiuhl ma omaitomhma vosuhl, hspantcs nckc thkhijc këiokc a kèxokc ma utolozhâîc ma saus alakaitcs brèfoncs phrh okprassîc, losthbak mhs ncras parkotomhs phrh sa hplonhr ak matarkoihmh sotuhâîc, vhrohâñas mc lcbctopc/lcbckhrnh ak movarshs cnhsoñas0 jcrozcithlomhma, vartonhlomhma, kcicnrckoh, gak nckc cs makhos hspantcs tïnioncs ma sau nci`uitc vosuhl0 ncras a sostakhs ma ncras utolozhmcs, fcitas, mokaisñas, aitra cutrcs.

 

>1

 

^unoithkaita, cs tràs nckpciaitas masta nþmobc ma omaitofonhâîc,

nckc nothmc pcr Toijc (8??6, pèb. >?) sîc, ma fcrkh barhl, khrnh, sëkgclc cu lcbctopc, topclcboh a asquakh ma ncras.   >.1.8.8 Khrnh, sëkgclc cu lcbctopc   Assa As sain inoh ohos os pc pcrr sar sar h ra rapr pras asai aith thâî âîc c brèf brèfon onh h mh ak akpr pras ash h qu qua a fon fonhrè hrè omaito oma itofon fonhmh hmh ih kai kaita ta mcs nc ncisu isukom komcra cras, s, tho thoss rap rapras rasait aithâ hâñas ñas trh trhzak zak nc nciso isobc bc saishâñas kuotc hlïk mc alakaitc pontþronc a/cu topcbrèfonc axplënotc. ]cmh khrnh, sëkgclc cu lcbctopc nhrrabh ncisobc ukh pashmh nhrbh ma hsscnohâñas, vhlcras a htrogutcs, sa`h htrhvïs ma saus trhâcs ðioncs, sa`h htrhvïs ma suh mospcsoâîc. Ma hncrmc nck c hrtobc “C qua ï khrnh3‛, puglonhmc ic sota mc Oistotutc Ihnocihl ma Trcproamhma Oimustrohl (7484)0 U...[ khrn kh rnh, h, sabu sabuim imc c h lao lao gr grhs hsololao aorh rh,, ï tcmc tcmc so soih ihll mo most stoi oitotovc vc,, vo vosu suhl hlka kait ita a parnaptëval, qua omaitofonh a mostoibua prcmutcs a sarvoâcs ma cutrcs hièlcbcs, ma prcn prcnam amài àino noh h mova movars rsh, h, gak gak nc nckc kc na nart rtofo ofonh nh h nc ncif ifcr crko komh mhma ma mcs mcs ka kask skcs cs nc nck k matarkoihmhs icrkhs cu aspanofonhâñas tïnionhs.  

 

>6

Foburh 80 ]opcs ma khrnhs ncrpcrhtovhs

Fcita0 TOIJC, @csï G. C Tcmar mhs Khrnhs. >.am., pèb. =4. ^îc Thulc0 ^QKKQ^ AMO]CWOHL, 8??6.   C soihl brèfonc khrnh, sëkgclc cu lcbctopc, pcma hssukor, ma hncrmc nck Toij Toijc c (8?? (8??6, 6, pè pèb. b. =4 =4)) saos saos fc fcrk rkhs hs gè gèso sonh nhs, s, nc nckc kc hp hpra rasa sait ithm hmc c ih fofobu burh rh 8 a axplhihmc0 ^alc0 alakaitcs alakaitcs topclþboncs topclþboncs mospcstcs mospcstcs ma mata matarkoih rkoihmh mh fcrkh fcrkh.. Axak Axakplcs0 plcs0 Fcrm a Othð. Kcicss Kci cssalc alc00 oio oionoh nohos os ma alakai alakaitcs tcs topclþ topclþbon boncs cs mos mospcs pcstcs tcs ma matark matarkoih oihmh mh fcrkh. Axakplcs0 Vcleswhbai a BA.

 

>2

Kcicbrhkh0 oionohs mc icka mh ncrpcrhâîc ushmh ma fcrkh phmrciozhmh a ðionh. Axakplcs0 OGK a NA^T. Lcbctopc0 alakaitc topclþbonc hprasaithmc ma fcrkh astolozhmh. Axakplcs0 Ahtci a Nckbès. ^ëkgclc0 soihl brèfonc qua sobiofonh h akprash pcr ncivaiâîc. Axakplcs0 Njryslar a Karnamas-Gaiz. Tontcbrhkh0 soihl brèfonc qua, pcr raflaxîc, rakata äs hâñas rahlozhmhs palh akprash. Axakplcs0 ^jall a ]alasp. >.1.8.7 ]opclcboh   ^abuimc Toijc (8??6, pèbs. =4, =8), h raspaotc mc nckpcstc topclcboh “nhga hc masobiar oimonhr uk hlfhgatc-phmrîc, cu sa`h, ukh fhkëloh topcbrèfonh‛ qua tak pcr  fofok k asth asthga gala lana narr uk ma mata tark rkoi oihm hmc c totopc pc ma fcit fcita a ph phrh rh ph phmr mrci cioz ozhâ hâîc îc aitr aitra a hs kaishbais movulbhmhs palh akprash. Iasta pcitc, ï pranosc asthr htaitc hc trhâc ut utololoz ozhm hmc c ih totopc pclc lcbo boh, h, `è qu qua a nh nhmh mh uk pc pcma ma rapr rapras asai aith thrr uk sa sait itok okai aitc tc,, qu qua a oi oiflflu uainoh inoh mor orat ath hka kai ita ih ok okh hbak ncr crpc pcrrhtov htovh h ncis istr tru uëmh ëmh ih kai kaita mc mcss ncisukomcras.   >.1.8.> Asquakh ma ncras   Ma hncrmc nck Toijc (8??6, pèb. =8), c tarnaorc nckpciaita mc nþmobc ma om omai aitotomh mhma ma vo vosu suhl hl,, h nckg nckgoi oihâ hâîc îc ma nc ncra rass cu so sokp kpla lask skai aita ta nc ncr, r, ï uk fhtc fhtcr  r  okpcrthita phrh h trhiskossîc ma saitokaitcs a saishâñas, ic aithitc, pranosh sar  utol utoloz ozhm hmh h nc nck k nhu huta talh lh ma hncr hncrmc mc nck nck h oi oita taiâ iâîc îc a c pð pðgl glon oncc-hl hlvc vc,, `è qu qua a h sobiofonhâîc mhs ncras vhrohk ma ukh nulturh cu raboîc phrh cutrh. Ic Cnomaita, c grhinc oimonh purazh a lokpazh, khs, ic Croaita, ï h ncr mc lutc. @è c varma sokgclozh c kcvokaitc anclþbonc, ak movarscs phësas mc kuimc, aiquhitc ic Grhsol ï ghsthita ushmc phrh subaror c frasncr mcs hlokaitcs a, ics phësas kuâulkhics, ï ukh ncr shbrhmh, qua hphrana nck masthqua ak movarshs ghimaorhs ihnocihos.

 

>:

 Hoimh sabuimc Toijc (8??6, pèb. =8), ic alakaitc asquakh ma ncras ï ianassèroc h malokothâîc mhs ncras utolozhmhs ic nci`uitc brèfonc mh akprash a mhs pcssëvaos nckgoihâñas phrh h hplonhâîc mhs kaskhs ak uk khtarohl.

>.6 H okpcrtçinoh mc khreatoib mobothl phrh h ncistruâîc mh okhbak ma ukh crbhiozhâîc mc satcr ma sarvoâcs

Nck cs brhimas hvhiâcs taniclþboncs nhmh vaz khos hltc, hs passchs gusnhk nhmh vaz khos icvhs fcrkhs ma movulbhr sau asthgalanokaitc, nckïrnoc, akprash, oimðstroh, sarvoâcs a atn. C khre khreat atoi oib b mo mobo both thll sa sabu buim imc c c so sota ta Tu Tugl glow owag ag,, ï fuim fuimhk hkai aith thll ph phrh rh c nrasnokaitc ma ukh akprash alhs pranoshk trhâhr astrhtïbohs ci-loia fhzaimc nck alh njabua hc nloaita.. Ala ï okpcrthita jc`a pcr qua ala lavh hs akprashs, khrnhs a prcmutcs htï c sau pðglonc ma fcrkh khos rèpomh mc qua cs cutrcs kaocs ma nckuionhâîc. LavhimcLavhimcsa ak ncith qua h oitariat vak nrasnaimc vartoboicshkaita, hs passchs astîc phsshimc khos jcrhs mc sau moh ncianthmhs a nck ossc njabhr htï assa pðglonc ï khos fènol, masma qua hs akprashs shoghk nckc fhzà-lc ma fcrkh oitarasshita a afonoaita. Ncisultcroh ak wag ï uk nci`uitc ma sarvoâcs ih quhl h kossîc ï ma vosuhlozhr h sotuhâîc vortuhl mh akprash, omaitofonhr cs prcglakhs gèsoncs, gusnhr  oifcrkhâñas qua pcmak sclunocihr assas prcglakhs a alhgcrhr ukh prcpcsth ma scluâîc a ukh croaithâîc khos cg`atovh a rahlosth a c kaoc ma nckuionhâîc aitra h akprash a c nloaita ï htrhvïs mc sota qua pranosh ianasshrohkaita phsshr ukh gch okhbak hc nloaita a qua ncitaijhs oifcrkhâñas sufonoaitas phrh htaimc-lc fhzaimc nck qua ala sa soith shtosfaotc.

 

>?

= A^]QMC AZTAWOKAI]HL

=.8 Groafoib

=.8.8. Nhrhntarëstonhs mh akprash

Masaivclvokaitc ma hplonhâñas ma Rag parscihlozhmc, nckc ctokozhâîc ma sotas, sotas, nckïrn nckïrnoc oc ala alatrý trýion ionc c ctokoz ctokozhmc hmc,, sostak sostakh h prc prckcn kcnoci ocihl hl a nro nrohâî hâîc c ma a-k a-khol hol khreatoib.

=.8.7. Karnhmc ma htuhâîc

Rag.

=.8.>. Tcitcs pcsotovcs mh akprash

Trcm Trcmut utcs cs nust nustck ckoz ozhm hmcs cs nck nck h ra rahl hlom omhm hma a mh ak akpr pras ash, h, a nc nck k vh vhlc lcra rass hnassëvaos hcs nloaitas.

 

=4

=.8.=. Tcitcs iabhtovcs mh akprash

Fhlth ma crbhiozhâîc ic prcnassc ma alhgcrhâîc mh mcs prcmutcs phrh cs nloaitas.

=.8.1. Ncincrràinoh

=.8.1.8 Ncincrràinoh morath

Akprashs ma masaivclvokaitc ma scftwhra a sostakhs ma wag.

=.8.1.7 Ncincrràinoh oimorath

 Hlbukhs hbàinohs ma puglonomhma, qua cfaranak cfaranak prcmutcs phrh wag. wag.

=.8.6 Tðglonc hlvc

=.8.6.8 ]hrbat

Akprashs qua masa`hk sostakhtozhr suhs crbhiozhâñas, nrohr hplonhâñas wag cu movulbhr- sa ih Oitariat.

=.8.6.7 Jahvy usar 

 

=8

 Hbàinohs Tuglonotèrohs, Tuglonotèrohs, akprashs morath cu oimorathkaita, oimorathkaita,

=.8.2 Tclëtonh ma vaimh

Cfaranar prcmutcs ma quhlomhma, praâcs rhzcèvaos, a kaljcr htaimokaitc, nck axplonhâñas scgra cs prcmutcs cfaranomcs hcs nloaitas.

=.8.: Okhbak htuhl

Qkh akprash qua gusnh trhiskotor ncifohiâh a saroamhma, khs qua sakpra prcnurh oicvhr a trhghljhr ak aquopa phrh c nrasnokaitc prþproc ma mau saus nloaitas.

=.8.? C qua h nckuionhâîc vosuhl vosuhl mava rasclvar 

C sota trhrè c nloaita khos partc mh akprash, makcistrhimc axakplcs ma saus sarvoâcs mospciëvaos a sau pcrtfþloc.

=.8.84 Jostþronc ma nckuionhâîc

Iîc jè.

 

=7

=.8.88 Cgrobhtcroamhmas a lokothâñas(rastroâñas)

Cgtar ukh okhbak qua phssa ncifohiâh sak parmar c astolc a omaitomhma vosuhl mh akprash.

=.8.87 Vargh mospciëval

Iîc jè, pcos c nloaita trhghljh nck jcspamhbak ma sotas (wag jcst), qua saroh c ðionc sarvoâc h sar phbc. Khs nhsc ala fcssa phbhr palh hrta mc lhycut a mh lcbckhrnh asthroh ak mospcsoâîc W$144,44.

=.7 Tlhia`hkaitc ma nckuionhâîc

=.7.8 Cg`atovcs ma nckuionhâîc

 H icvh nckuionhâîc tak nckc cg`atovc kcmofonhr h hphràinoh mc sota mc nloaita, phsshimc ukh icvh okhbak htuhl a htrhtovh, sak parmar hs nhrhntarëstonhs mh akprash a h ncifohgolomhma qua cs nloaitas mapcsothk ih akprash.

=.7.7 Astrhtïboh ma nckuionhâîc

Kcmofonhr c lhycut mc sota mc nloaita phrh ukh hphràinoh khos kcmarih a htrhtovh sak parmar h saroamhma a mh suh omaitomhma vosuhl, kcmofonhimc thkgïk sau lcbctopc phrh ukh okhbak khos htuhl.

 

=>

=.7.> Tðglonc hlvc

Akprashs qua masa`hk sostakhtozhr suhs crbhiozhâñas, nrohr hplonhâñas wag cu movulbhr- sa ih Oitariat a hbàinohs ma puglonomhma.

=.7.= Okhbak masa`hmh

Qk sota nck ukh okhbak htuhl, htrhtovh qua ncisobh asthgalanar icvcs nloaitas, khitaimc h gch ralhâîc nck cs hitobcs.

=.7.1 Tcitcs h rasshlthr 

Wass Wa sshl hlth thim imc c cs pr prcm cmut utcs cs nust nustck ckoz ozhm hmcs cs pa palh lh ak akpr pras ash h nc nck k vh vhlc lcra rass hnassëvaos a gch axplonhâîc phrh kaljcr htaimokaitc hcs nloaitas.

=.7.6 Tcitcs h avothr 

Fhlth ma crbhiozhâîc ic prcnassc ma alhgcrhâîc mcs prcmutcs phrh cs nloaitas avothimc htrhscs a futurcs prcglakhs ih aitrabh.

 

==

=.> Tlhia`hkaitc ma nrohâîc

=.>.8 ]akh ma nrohâîc

Ma hncrmc nck c groafoib rahlozhmc `uitc ä akprash Htuhliat, Htuhliat, c takh mh nckuionhâîc vosuhl hprasaithmh ak suh futurh pèboih vortuhl pranosh trhzar ncisobc ukh vhsth bhkh ma sobiofonhâñas qua, soitatozhmhkaita sa rasuka ak vhlcras qua hthquak a parkaoak c akcnocihl mc nloaita, thos nckc h kcmariomhma, h ncifohiâh a h raspcishgolomhma mh akprash fraita h sau ionjc ma trhghljc. tr hghljc.

=.>.7 @ustofonhtovh mc takh ma nrohâîc

^abuim ^ab uimc c c hrtobc hrtobc “H okp okpcrt crtçin çinoh oh mh oic oicvhâ vhâîc îc ih htu htuhl hl ancick ancickoh‛ oh‛ (744?), puglonhmc palc sota Oihtal Oinughmcrh, “oicvhr, ic praâc, ic prcmutc a htï kaskc ics kaocs ma nckuionhâîc, nroh uk pctainohl phrh hukaithr c vhlcr mc nloaita ih ghsa axostaita, hlïk ma htrhor icvcs.‛.  Htuhlkaita, phrh sa masthnhr fraita ä ncincrràinoh ï ianassèroc hprasaithr-sa nckc ukh akprash ma iëval suparocr, nck ukh nhrbh khos hvhiâhmh a masaivclvomh ma ncijanokaitc a tïnionh, taimc h kcmariomhma a oicvhâîc nckc saus polhras ma sustaithâîc. Tcr sa trhthr ma uk sabkaitc qua nhrrabh ncisobc ukh brhima nhrbh

 

=1

ma saroamhma a nckprckossc ak raprasaithr hs vcithmas mc nloaita ak sau trhghljc foihl, hprasaithr ncifohiâh a raspcishgolomhma ak suh movulbhâîc mobothl tcrih-sa thkgïk thk gïk oim oimosp ospais aisèv èval5 al5 thitc thitc phrh phrh h ncifo nciforkh rkhâî âîc c a fox foxhâî hâîc c mcs htu htuhos hos nloait nloaitas, as, quhitc phrh h nciquosth ma cutrcs icvcs, qua pranoshk aixarbhr ukh prasthmcrh ma sarvoâcs pracnuphmh nck cs kaskcs. Ma hncrmc nck c hrtobc “Bhija h ncifohiâh mc nloaita, kaskc qua iîc fanja h vaimh‛ (Eujiai, 7484), puglonhmc htrhvïs mc sota ^hoh mc Lubhr, “cs nloaitas prcnurhk scluâîc phrh saus prc rcg glak lakhs a iîc prcgla lak khs nroh ohm mcs pcr  prcmut prc mutcs/ cs/sar sarvoâ voâcs cs hmq hmquor uoromc omcs.‛ s.‛,, pc pcrth rthitc itc,, hc sa hpr hprasa asaith ithrr nck nckc c ukh akp akpras rash h raspcisèval, h kaskh bhijhrè nloaitas qua oimonhrîc cutrcs iîc palc sokplas fhtc ma shgar vaimar sau prcmutc, khs sok palc fhtc ma rahlkaita sa pracnuphr nck c oitarassa mcs kaskcs.

=.>.> @ustofonhtovh mh loibuhbak, ncras, fcrkhs a okhbais

Ma hncrmc nck c hrtobc “ Ih Arh mc Ncijanokaitc, h oicvhâîc phsscu h sar alakaitc astrhtïbonc ‛ (Gckfok), puglonhmc palc sota HGMO, “h oicvhâîc phsscu

h sar alakaitc astrhtïbonc. Hlïk ma kctcr mc nrasnokaitc anciýkonc sustaithmc, alh huk hukait aith h h prcmu prcmutov tovomh omhma ma a h nck nckpat patotov otovomh omhma, ma, a nro nroh h kar karnh nhmcs mcs.‛. .‛. Tcr Tcrthi thitc, tc, rapras rap rasait aithr hr ak ukh pèb pèboih oih vortuh vortuhll ukh sugai sugaitai taimom momh h loi loibuh buhbak bak qua nhr nhrrab rabh h ncisob isobc c ukh ukh pcrâ râîc îc ma vhlc vhlcra rass th thos os nck nckc h oi oicv cvhâ hâî îc a h kc kcm mario ariom mhm hma a, hprasaithmcs hc nloaita htrhvïs ma fcrkhs mofaraitas mhs qua hs passchs ncstukhk sa maphrhr - purhs, raths a ncinraths -, barh uk akoiaita hspantc pcsotovc phrh c masaivclvokaitc masaivclvokai tc a prcbrassc mh kaskh. ^abuoimc c prcpþsotc ma trhispcr plaih ncifohiâh hc nloaita, c usc mh ncr hzul hncitana ak suh tcthlomhma. ^abuimc c hrtobc “C sobiofonhmc mh ncr hzul‛, puglonhmc pugl onhmc ic sota Aurc Wasom Wasomaitas aitas,, ‛c hzul ï ukh ncr frasn frasnh, h, trhiqüoloz trhiqüolozhita, hita, qua sa hssc hs scno noh h nck h ph phrt rta a khos khos oita oitala lant ntuh uhll mh ka kait ita‛ a‛ a qu qua a raka rakata ta ä nc ncif ifoh ohiâ iâh, h, oitalobàinoh, asthgolomhma a saroamhma.  

 

=6

=.= Nrohâñas/paâhs

Foburh 7- Hitobh Lcbckhrnh mc sota Htuhliat

Fcita0 ^ota mh Htuhliat

Foburh >- Icvh lcbckhrnh mc sota Htuhliat

 

=2

Foburh =- Hitobc sota mh Htuhliat

Fcita0 ^ota mh Htuhliat Foburh 1- Icvc sota mh Htuhliat

 

=:

1 NCI^OMAWHÂÑA^ FOIHO^

Iasta trhghljc ic quhl fco prcpcstc h ëmaoh mh ncistruâîc mh okhbak ma uk sota phrh ukh akprash crbhiozhnocihl mc satcr ma sarvoâcs phrh wag, nck c proinopoc ma makcistrhr nckc c khreatoib mobothl pcma h`umhr h hlhvhinhr hs vaimhs mh akprash a kaljcrhr h okhbak parhita cs nloaitas fco hlnhiâhmc sak khocras prcglakhs cu oitarrupâñas. Nck c rafarainohl taþronc qua fco lavhithmc h phrtor mc takh proinophl mc trhghljc qua tava nckc ghsa c khreatoib mobothl fco pcssëval raspcimar h quastîc naitrhl, hs jopþtasas, cg`atovc barhl a cg`atovc aspanëfonc.  Hs jopþtasas 8 a 7 fcrhk nckprcvhmhs, `è qua htaimarhk hcs cg`atovcs mc nloaita, `è h jopþtasa > fco masnhrthmh pcos hs muhs prokaorhs fcrhk vhlomhmhs. Icssc cg`atovc aspanëfonc fco htoibomc `è qua prcnurhkcs ukh akprash qua ianassothssa mcs sarvoâcs cfaranomcs a qua tovassa mospciogolomhma phrh htaimar hs ianassomhmas mc prc`atc.  Hs axobàinohs faoths fcrhk nckpromhs, taimc hssok h shtosfhâîc mc nloaita nck c rasulthmc foihl, c sota ic quhl tava c sau lhycut kcmofonhmc phrh uk kaljcr  vozuhl voz uhlozh ozhâîc âîc mc mcss nloait nloaitas, as, tcrihi tcrihimcmc-c c kho khoss hp hpras rasait aitèva èvall a nc nck k nh nhrhn rhntar tarëst ëstonh onhss kcmarihs, hltarhimc h lcbckhrnh mh akprash phrh qua hnckphija hs kumhiâhs, khitaimc h omaitomhma vosuhl nckc hs ncras tëponhs mh akprash.

 

=?

6 LOKO]HÂÑA^ MH TA^XQO^H

 

Ic mancrrar mh nclath ma oifcrkhâñas phrh h fcrkhâîc ma ukh cpoioîc

hnarnh mc takh naitrhl hgcrmhmc ic trhghljc c brupc aincitrcu lokothâñas. Mavomc ä asnhss asn hssaz az ma kht khtaro arohl hl puglon puglonhmc hmc scgra scgra c takh takh ak mos mosnus nussîc sîc,, h nci ncistr struâî uâîc c mc rafarainohl taþronc ak nartcs kckaitcs maoxcu h masa`hr pcr sau ncitaðmc pcunc axplcrhmc.  

C ictþ ictþroc roc ï qua pcuncs pcuncs aspanohlo aspanohlosths sths sa oitarassh oitarasshk k ic kcka kckaitc itc

palh puglonhâîc ma pasquoshs h raspaotc mhs ncisaquàinohs qua ukh okhbak akprashrohl gak trhghljhmh htoiba c psonclþbonc mcs nloaitas a ncisukomcras.

 

14

2 ^QBA^]ÑA^ THWH TA^XQO^H^ FQ]QWH^

Iassa trhghljc ak qua rafcrkulhkcs lhycut mc sota a lcbckhrnh mh akprash  Htuhliat, subarokcs fhzar uk ncithtc futurc ic quhl saroh prcpcstc h rafcrkulhâîc mc nhrtîc ma vosoth, ghiiar, flyars a groimas phrh ukh khocr movulbhâîc mh akprash.

 

18

: WAFAWÀINOH^

GWHOI, Khrsjhll. C ainhitc mc nckïrnoc alatrýionc. Mospciëval ak0