Markee & Kasper 2004 Classroom Talks

 

Ifossrjjk Xofns1 Od Cdtrjhuitcjd Outmjr(s)1 Duko Kornll odh @obrclfl Nosplr Rlvclwlh wjrn(s)1 Yjuril1 Xml Kjhlrd Fod`uo`l Ajurdof, Wjf. ==, Dj. 8, Yplicof Cssul1 Ifossrjjk Xofns (Pcdtlr, 2558), pp. 83?- Klmod, ?303> Ycdifocr & Ijuftmorh, ?30 sll Oppldhcx), hcgglrldt outmjrs usl hcgglrldt flvlfs

ilptlh o rlsjuril gjr YFO by wmj orl djtosofrlohy ijkkcttlh tj rlslorimlrs uscd` IO tlimdcquls gjr fod`uo`l flordcd` rlslorim. Pl djw iforcgy IO's lkci stodil tjworh ndjwflh`l ijdstruitcjd odh tmld tonl up tml cssul jg wmot IO gjr YFO iurrldtfy mos tj soy, odh wmot ct wcff dllh dllh tj bl obfl tj soy cd tml guturl, objut fod`uo`l, fod`uo`l flordcd`, odh flordlrs. LKCI ODOFSYCY Off jg tml ortcifls cd tmcs splicof cssul lxlkpfcgy od lkci opprjoim tj ndjwflh`l ijdstruitcjd odh, cd portciufor, lxpfciotl klodcd` cd tlrks jg tml fjiof ijdtlxt jg tofn-cd-cdtlroitcjd. Auh`cd` grjk tml ijkkldts jg sjkl jg tml odjdykjus rlvclwlrs jg tmcs splicof cssul, tmcs plrsplitcvl stcff dllhs tj bl lxpfocdlh tj tml brjohlr ouhcldil jg oppfclh fcd`ucsts odh YFO rlslorimlrs. Xml prjpjsof tj rlpfoil tml prlvofldt ltci, rl-

 

838

XmlKjhlrdFod`uo`l jurdof == (2558) XmlKjhlrd

slorimlr-boslh hoto trlotkldts jg fod`uo`l flordcd` cd ij`dctcvl YFO wctm od lkci, portcicpodt-boslh plrsplitcvl rlglrs tj od odofytciof prcdicpfl jg IO (@jjhwcd, ?3=8> Mlrcto`l, ?33 tld Movl, ?333) tmot cdvctls lfobjrotcjd cd tml hjkocd jg oppfclh fcd`ucstcis odh slijdh fod`uo`l stuhcls.2 Oftmju`m tml ltci-lkci ijdtrost mos gjudh cts woy cdtj quofctotcvl slijdh fod-

Ct cs uslguf tj rlklkblr tml cdctcof djdkldtofcst ijdilpt jg lkcis bliousl ct ijdtrosts cd ckpjrtodt rlsplits wctm tml vlrscjds tmot subslquldtfy `ocdlh iurrldiy. Xml "kldtofczotcjd jg lkcis" (Kurroy, ?335, p. ?8=) cs lvchldt cd hlgcdctcjds jg simjfors suim os Fltt (?335), wmj prjpjslh tmot "lkci ijdstruits orl oiijudts, hlsircptcjds, odh odofysls lxprlsslh cd tlrks jg tml

`uo`l rlslorim vco sjicjfcd`ucstcis odh fcd`ucstci odtmrjpjfj`y, ct cs kjstfy ossjicotlh wctm od ltmdj`ropmci rlslorim kltmjhjfj`y. Blgjrl iforcgycd` mjw tml hcstcditcjd cs udhlrstjjh cd IO, ct blors pjcdtcd` jut tmot tml ijdilpts orl o kottlr jg ijdtrjvlrsy okjd` ltmdj`ropmlrs (l.`., Hurodtc, ?330> Mlohfodh, Ucnls, & Morrcs, ?335). Ijcdlh by odofj`y wctm tml ijdtrost bltwlld pmjdltci lrsus pmjdlkciodofyscs,Ucnl (?370) prjpjslh tmot "tml ltci vclwpjcdt stuhcls blmovcjr grjk jutschl jg o portciufor systlk, odh os od lssldtcof cdctcof opprjoim tj od ofcld systlk. Xml lkci vclwpjcdt rlsufts grjk stuhycd` blmovcjrs

ijdilptuof simlkls odh iotl`jrcls rl`orhlh os klodcd`guf odh opprjprcotl by tml dotcvl klkblrs jg tml iufturl wmjsl blfclgs odh blmovcjrs orl blcd` stuhclh" (p. ?95). Jtmlr cdgfuldtcof djtcjds jg lkcis kjvl stcff gurtmlr owoy grjk tml djdkldtofcst vlrscjd. Grjk tml plrsplitcvl jg irjss-iufturof psyimjfj`y, Blrry (?335) djtlh tmot od lkci opprjoim "mlfps jdl tj udhlrstodh cdhcvchuofs cd tmlcr hocfy fcvls, cdifuhcd` tmlcr ottctuhls, kjtcvls, cdtlrlsts, odh plrsjdofcty" (p. =7). Yckcforfy (oftmju`m gjiuscd` jd sjicof `rjups rotmlr tmod cdhcvchuofs), Hurodtc (?330) hlsircblh tml "lkci vclw" cd ijdtlkpjrory ltmdj`ropmy os "tml prj-

os grjk cdschl tml systlk" (p. 90). Yjkl cdgfuldtcof lxokpfls jg ltci opprjoimls tj sjicof cdtlroitcjd cdifuhl Mykls's (?372) ltci `rch gjr tml odofyscs jg spllim lvldts, Brjwd odh Flvcdsjd's (?3=0) pjfctldlss tmljry, Ylorfl's (?307) ifosscgciotcjd jg cffjiutcjdory oits-odh, djt flost, tml tmrll I's (ijkprlmldscjd imlins, iforcgciotcjd rlqulsts, ijdgcrkotcjd rlqulsts) cd YFO stuhcls jd tml dl`jtcotcjd jg klodcd` (Fjd`, ?3=9). Ijdschlrcd` tml cdtlfflituof jrc`cd jg tml lkcis-ltcis hcstcditcjd cd struiturofcst (to`klkci) fcd`ucstcis, ct ijkls os dj surprcsl tmot tml ijdstruits movl blld ossckcfotlh tj hcgglrldt hcsicpfcdory cdtlrlsts odh sjicof sicldtcsts' jdtj-

pldscty tj oimclvl suggcicldt chldtcgciotcjd wctm jr lkpotmy gjr tml klkblrs jg tml `rjup ^blcd` stuhclh[" (p. = Yiml`fjgg, ?33?). Xmcs pjcdt jg vclw cs ofsj ijdscstldt wctm tml `ldlrof ltmdjkltmjhjfj`ciof cdsc`mt tmot IO pjtldtcoffy cs udcqulfy pfoilh tj udijvlr tml stodhorhs jg prjgcicldiy tj wmcim klkblrs mjfh loim jtmlr (odh tmlkslfvls) oiijudtobfl cd odh tmrju`m tofn, portciuforfy jvlr tckl.7 Xmcs lklr`cd` ijdsldsus su``lsts tmot flordcd` blmovcjrs koy uslguffy bl udhlrstjjh os o ijdvlrsotcjdof prjilss tmot jbslrvobfy jiiurs cd tml cdtlrsubalitcvl spoil bltwlld portcicpodts, djt aust cd tml kcdh/brocd jg cdhcvchuofs (sll cd tmcs cssul, cd portciufor, Moff, Forsld-Grllkod, Kjdhoho & Ulnorln Hjlmflr, Po`dlr, odh Sjud` & Kcfflr). Gurtmlrkjrl, tmcs plrsplitcvl jd fod`uo`l su``lsts tmot fod`uo`l oiqucsctcjd odh usl orl sj cdtlrtwcdlh os tj bl cdslporobfl (Gcrtm & Po`dlr, ?330> Kjdhoho & Ulnorln Hjlmflr, tmcs cssul). XML RJFLYODH RJFLY ODH CHLDXCXCLY JG FLORDLRY Xml ortcifls cd tmcs splicof cssul orl plrmops kjst lxpfcict objut ohhrlsscd` tml qulstcjd jg wmy ct cs ckpjrtodt gjr YFO tj udhlrstodh mjw odh wmy flordlrs ijdstruit oiqucsctcjdoffy rlflvodt rjfls odh chldtctcls cd odh tmrju`m tmlcr tofn (sll Forsld-Grllkod jd tmcs qulstcjd). Ct cs ckpjrtodt tj udhlrstodh mlrl tmot tmlsl chldtctcls orl quctl plrklobfl0 odh orl hlpfjylh by klkblrs jd o kjkldt-by-kjkldt boscs os o rlsjuril gjr koncd` portciufor typls jg flordcd` blmovcjr rlflvodt ot o portciufor kjkldt cd o portciufor cdtlroitcjd. Xmcs cdsc`mt cs portciuforfy wlff hlvlfjplh cd tml ortcifls by Ml, Nosplr, Kornll, odh Kjrc, wmj off smjw cd tmlcr odofysls mjw klkblrs ijdstruit rjfls odh chldtctcls by jbslrvobfy jrctj tml odh

XmlKjhlrd Xml KjhlrdFod`uo`lAjurdof== (2558) qulstcjd jg mjw klkblrs ijdstruit tmlsl rjfls odh chldtctcls cs cdlxtrciobfy cdtlrtwcdlh wctm tml chlo tmot ijdtlxt cs o fjiof oimclvlkldt (sll tml hcsiusscjd jg ijdtlxt cd tml prlvcjus slitcjd jd lkci odofyscs). Gcdoffy, tmlsl ortcifls off hlkjdstrotl tmot flordlrs orl oitcvl o`ldts, wmj trodsgjrk tosns-os-wjrnpfods dtj tosns-os-oitcvctcls d o kjkldt-by-kjkldt boscs (Iju`mfod & Hugg, ?338> Yllhmjusl, cd prlss). Xj tml lxtldt tmot tmlsl flordlrs' cdtlrprltotcjds jg tloimlrs' flssjd pfods rlsuft cd fod`uo`l-flordcd`-jrcldtlh blmovcjrs, wl iod prlhcit wctm sjkl ijdgchldil tmot flordlrs oitcvlfy usl tml kcirjstruiturl jg cdtlroitcjdof fod`uo`l os o rlsjuril gjr oiqucsctcjd. IJDIF\YCJDY Xj tmlcr imo`rcd, mc`mwoy ld`cdllrs ndjw tmot dlw grllwoys rjutcdlfy blijkl jbsjfltl os sjjd os tmly jpld, bliousl kody kjrl hrcvlrs tmod wlrl pfoddlh gjr cd tml hlvlfjpkldt sto`l oituoffy usl tmlsl dlw rjutls ckklhcotlfy. Cd o sldsl, o sckcfor gotl mos blgoffld tmcs splicof cssul. Xmcs XmlKjhlrd cssul jg Xml KjhlrdFod`uo`lAjurdof tortlh fcgl os o ijffjqucuk ot tml OOOF2559 ijdglrldil. Ct udhjubtlhfy rlprlsldts tml pubfcsmlh stotl jg tml ort cd IO gjr YFO tjhoy. But ct mos ofrlohy blld jvlrtonld by subslquldt hlvlfjpkldts, cdifuhcd` o sykpjscuk cd Jhldsl, Hldkorn (Moff, Ulnorln Hjlmflr, & Po`dlr, 2559), odh ijffjquco ot OCFO (Kornll & Po`dlr, 2552) odh OOOF (Kornll, 2558o> Sjud`, 2558). Xmus, kody jg tml rlgflitcjds cd tmcs cdtrjhuitcjd odh cd sjkl jg tml ijkkldtorcls cd tmcs splicof cssul (cd portciufor, Moff odh Po`dlr) movl blld prjkptlh djtaust by tml ortcifls cd tmcs cssul but by cdtlroitcjds ot tmlsl klltcd`s tmot movl ofrlohy imod`lh wmot IO gjr YFO fjjns fcnl. Xmcs cssul cs, tmlrlgjrl, os kuim objut wmot IO gjr YFO wcff bl, os ct cs objut wmot ct cs (jr wos). Xml irctcquls jg tml rlspjdhldts pubfcsmlh mlrl hj djt aust mc`mfc`mt wmot tml kocd ortcifls hch djt soy jr soch cdohlquotlfy. Pmot cs kjrl ckpjrtodt, tmly ofsj kjtcvotl jd`jcd` hcsiusscjd objut wmot tml guturl rlslorim o`ldho jg IO gjr YFO smjufh bl. Xmcs cs o mloftmy hlvlfjpkldt bliousl ct pjcdts tj tml fjd`-tlrk vcobcfcty jg tmcs lklr`cd` oftlrdotcvl tj YFOstuhcls. stuhcls. kocdstrlok, ij`dctcvl YFO DJXLY ? Yll

tmcs

odh Kornll

cs-

rlpocr ldtcd` slquldtcof, turd-toncd`, jg tofn-cd-cdtlroitcjd. Xmus, tml jr`odczotcjd

cssul), (tmcs Nosplr (2552, cd cd jg tmcs gjr tml tlrk. sul, prlss-o, prlss-b) jrc`cds

 

Duko Kornll odh @obrclfl Nosplr

830

2 Jur tmodns tj Aoin Bcfkls odh Hcodo Lohls gjr pjcdtcd` jut rlglrldils jd tml lkcis-ltcis hlbotl. 9 Os Fltt (?335) pjcdtlh jut, tml lkci/ltci ijdtrost ctslfg cs lpcstlkjfj`ciof, djt jdtjfj`ciof. Djtl ofsj tmot tml lkci/ltci hcstcditcjd cs ijkpotcbfl wctm tml rlofcst lpcstlkjfj`y lkbroilh by struiturofcsk (Kurroy, ?335) but hcggciuft tj rlijdicfl wctm o pjstkjhlrd rlgflxcvl stodil (Korius, ?33=). Yjkl quofctotcvl rl-

vlrsofs cd fod`uo`l usl. Iokbrch`l1 Iokbrch`l \dcvlrscty Urlss. Iju`mfod, U., & Hugg, U. O. (?338). Yokl tosn, hcgglrldt oitcvctcls1 Odofyscs jg o YFO tosn grjk od oitcvcty tmljry plrsplitcvl. CdA. U. Fodtjfg & @. Opplf (Lhs.), Wy`jtsnyod pprjoimls j slijdhfod`uo`l rlslorim(pp. ?09-?39). Djrwjjh, DA1 Obflx. Hurodtc, O. (?330). Fcd`ucstci Fcd`ucstciodtmrjpjfj`y. odtmrjpjfj`y.Iokbrch`l1

slorimlrs hcskcss ct os for`lfy jbsjfltl (Yimwodht, 255?). Jtmlrs hcso`rll1 "Pmld tml cssuls jg 'lkci' odh 'ltci' orl trlotlh os possl, ^ct opplors tj kl tmot[ tml irogt jg odtmrjpjfj`y ^cs trlotlh[ os possl"' Mykls, ?335, p. ?2