Maria Cannata , "Society Papyrus BM EA 10075 and Papyrus Bodleian Ms. Egypt. a. 41 (P): Two Halves of a Ptolemaic C...
Egypt Exploration Society
Papyrus BM EA 10075 and Papyrus Bodleian Ms. Egypt. a. 41 (P): Two Halves of a Ptolemaic Contract of Sale Reunited Author(s): Maria Cannata Reviewed work(s): Source: The Journal of Egyptian Archaeology, Vol. 92 (2006), pp. 185-203 Published by: Egypt Exploration Society Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/40345903 . Accessed: 23/03/2012 13:12 Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of the Terms & Conditions of Use, available at . http://www.jstor.org/page/info/about/policies/terms.jsp JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact
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PAPYRUS BM EA 10075AND PAPYRUS BODLEIAN MS. EGYPT. A. 41(P): TWO HALVES OF A PTOLEMAIC CONTRACT OF SALE REUNITED* By MARIA CANNATA witha neweditionofPapyrusBM EA ofPapyrusBodleianMS. Egypt,a. 41(P) together Publication in theDemoticscriptand concernthesale of a property located arewritten 10075.The documents son of with intheMemphite theAnubieion within byNhf-nb=f Hr-nd-it-f,together his necropolis The contracts werewritten ofPl-ti-nfr-tm. totheircousin,thewomanTs.t-wry.t daughter brethren, XII Auletes(Neos Dionysos)(64 bc). inyear18 of Ptolemy byPa-hrtsonofHr-si-is.ttheyounger, The papyripublishedhere are the two legal documentsthat,together,constituteda typical (P. BM EA 10075) (Text A), or Egyptiancontractof sale of thePtolemaicPeriod:a sh-dbt-hd 41 a. MS. and a documentof money, (P)) (Text B), or deed of cession. Egypt, sh-n-wy(Bodl. Papyrus BM EA 100751 was originallypart of the collectionof Egyptian antiquities assembledby the BritishdiplomatHenry Salt. These were auctionedat Sotheby'sin 1835 whenthismanuscriptwas purchasedby theBritishMuseum, whereit is now held.2Nothing is knownof its exact place of acquisition,althoughfrominternalevidenceit is possible to show thatit originallycame fromthe Memphitenecropolis.The othercontract,Text B,3 now part of the collectionof manuscriptsin the Bodleian Library in Oxford,originally belonged to the Hon. Robert Curzon, fourteenthBaron Zouche, who appears to have acquiredit sometimein 1833 duringhis travelsto Egyptand the Near East.4A catalogueof is availableon the exact his collectionwas privatelyprintedin 1849.5Again,no information of collection The Curzon Egyptian antiquitieswas place of acquisition of the papyrus. * This aus to Sprache und Schriftder demotischen Kaufvertrdge paperis partof myMPhil thesissubmitted Zeit (Wiesbaden, in 2003 and was completedwhilein ptolemdischer 1968),71-2 Urkunden95; OxfordUniversity forwhichI J.Forshall,Description of theGreekPapyriin theBritish receiptof the Randall-MclverStudentship, wouldliketo thanktheGoverningBodyof The Queen's Museum(London, 1839),68 no. 42; Sotheby's,Catalogue The Property of of EgyptianAntiquities. College,Oxford.I wouldliketo expressmygratitudeto of theCollection tomyattention HenrySalt whichwillbe Sold byAuction(London, 1835), Prof.M. Smithforbringing mysupervisor PapyrusBodleianMS. Egypt,a. 41(P) as a subjectformy 31 no. 418. 2 Jelinkova, JEA 43, 45; W. R. Dawson and E. P. thesis,forreadingthefirstdraftof thisarticleand forhis Who in Egyptology* Who Was like also I would advice. invaluable and , rev. by M. L. Uphill, manysuggestions D. Nicholson, Bierbrier (London, 1995),371. to thanktheBodleianLibrary,particularly 3 Previousbibliography:C. Wakefield,'Notes and as wellas forher to publishthedocument, forpermission the Egyptian Papyri in the Bodleian Documents: and C. the of in papyrus, help obtainingphotographs on theacquisitionof thedocu- Library',The BodleianLibraryRecord14/1(1991), 94-7. forinformation Wakefield Sotheby,Wilkinson ment.My thanksarealso due to V. Davies,Keeperof the I thankM. Smithforthisreference. of AncientEgyptand Sudan,forpermission and Hodge, Catalogue of Assyrian,Egyptian,Greek, Department etc. (London, 1922), 45 to publishP. BM EA 10075and to R. B. Parkinsonforhis Romanand PeruvianAntiquities assistanceduringmyvisitto theBritishMuseum.Finally, lotno. 348. 4The auctioncataloguestatesthattheantiquities were to C. Martinand K. I wouldliketo expressmygratitude and com- collectedpersonallyby Curzon(Sotheby,Wilkinsonand Donkervan Heel fortheirhelpfulsuggestions Hodge,Catalogue,43). mentson thefirstdraftof thisarticle. 5 Dawson and Uphill, Who Was Who3,113; R. 1 Previousbibliography: 'Sale of E. A. E. Jelinkova, InheritedPropertyin the First CenturyB.C. (P. Brit. Curzon, Catalogue of Materials for Writing:Early Mus. 10075,ex Saltcoll.No. 418)',^£.4 43 (1957),45-55, Writingson Tablets and Stones, Rolled and other and OrientalManuscript inthe Manuscripts Books,in theLibrary 'Sale of InheritedProperty pl. v; E. A. E. Jelinkova, RobertCurzonat Parhamin theCounty FirstCenturyB.C. (P. Brit.Mus. 10075,ex Salt coll. No. of theHonourable 418)',JEA 45 (1959),61-74; P.W. Pestman,Marriageand of Sussex(London, 1849). Onlytwoof theDemoticdocin thecatato umentsin thecollectionare clearlyidentified inAncientEgypt.A Contribution Matrimonial Property theLegal Positionof theWoman(P. L. Bat. 9; logue, both of which are royal edicts,while separate Establishing Leiden, 1961), 130-1; U. Wilcken, Urkundender entrieslist severalotherpapyriwhichare describedas Ptolemderzeit (dltereFunde), I. Papyriaus Unterdgyptenbeingstillrolled(see Curzon,Catalogue,7-9). Thus, it Text B was alreadypartof the whether (Berlinand Leipzig, 1927), 621 docketno. 142; K.-Th. remainsuncertain was published. when the collection in Schreibertradition Die catalogue Aufbau, Zauzich, dgyptische
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Table 1. Genealogicaltableof thepartiesconcerned ^[Pi-ti-ij-m-htp I
^
Is.t-wry.t ^
T;y-r-r=w ^ P?-ti-nfr-tm-y calledm
h 1^-wry.t
^Pi-ti-wsir-hp-r-Ta-ij-m-htpf[
.
%^Nht=w-s
|
j
^ Nht-nb=f %[ Hr-m-hy
1 ^
Hr-nd-it-f)^
j
Hr-m-hy
.
j
hy fijTt-sr.t-hr-m-
eventually sold at Sotheby's on the 2 November 1922,6 when the present document was acquired by the British Egyptologist F. LI. Griffith,who later presented it to the Bodleian Library in Oxford.7 P. BM EA 10075: Text A Description
of the papyrus
The papyrus (figs. 1-2) is light brown and consists of eight kollemata. The firstmeasures 4.7 cm in width while the last one is only 2.8 cm wide. The sizes of the remaining six sheets range between 13.3 and 14.4 cm in width. The sheets are joined left upon right with an overlap of 1.2 to 1.4 cm. The overall dimensions of the manuscript, as preserved, are 89 cm in length by 29.2 cm in height. Since its acquisition the roll has been pasted onto a cardboard backing before being mounted in a wooden frame. The papyrus is in reasonably good condition except for a few gaps in the lower part and on the left-hand side of the roll. The damage has resulted in a few lacunae in the text, although most of these can be restored on the basis of its Bodleian counterpart. The text is writtenon the recto, parallel to the fibres. In the lower rightcorner there appears to be the signature of the fatherof party A, while in the upper leftcorner of the roll there is a small inscription which reads Is.t-wry(.t)ypossibly the name of the B contracting party. A docket written in Greek is also appended to the contract. At the back of the frame a small window of 10 by 16.8 cm has been cut to show the list of witnesses who signed the contract, which is inscribed below a horizontal line surmounted by a curved sign resembling the writing of the noun sp (see fig. 2).8 According to Pestman, the position of this sign on the verso marks the position, on the recto, of the verb d with which the parties are introduced.9 However, this rule does not apply in every instance since in Text A the sign starts approximately 12.7 cm to the leftof the verb d.xo
6 Dawson and Uphill,WhoWas Who\113. 7 An entryon the manuscripts'handlist in the BodleianLibraryrecordsthatthedocumentwas acquired togetherwithBodl. MS. Egypt,a. 40(P) and thatboth on 13 papyriwerepresentedto the Libraryby Griffith November1922. 8 Fora discussionof thesesignssee M. A. Nur-el-Din, 'The Sign Heading the List of Witnessesin Demotic Legal Texts',MDAIK 37 (1981),383-8;P.W. Pestman,// di Hermiase altridocumenti delVarchivio del choaprocesso chiti(P. Tor.Choachiti) . Papirigrecie demotici conservati a Torinoe in altrecollezionid'ltalia (Turin, 1992), 225-32.
The signheadingthelineabovethewitnesses'liston the versoof P. BM EA 10075doesnotappeartobe amongthe examplesfoundin thepreviousbibliography (n.i). 9 II processodi Hermias> 225.
10The horizontal lineextends1.6 cm on theleftand 4 cm on the right-hand side of the space occupiedby the witnesses'signatures. However,becauseof thesmallsize of theopeningleftat the back of the frame,neitherthe I beginningnortheend of theline is visible.Therefore, am unableto determine whetherthelineextendedto the end of thed on therectoof thepapyrus.
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£ 3 >
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House of Pa-ih.t now held by anotherman
as **aPPears fromthatusedwithinthebodyofthedocument is different atthefootofthedocument, bythescribe in writing of personalvariations as: fpfffcrf* ,83whichmaybe indicative practices. Pa-hrf,written theregistration of thisdocument docketappendedto TextA confirms (gg)The Greekregistrar's in the Anubieion.85 the a scribe of Arios,84 grapheion by orPi-ti-wsir-hp as (hh) I amunableto readthisname.I canonlysuggestthenamesPi-ti-imn-htp possiblereadings. See alsothenextnote. (ii) The namehadbeenreadas Hr-r;byJelinkova.86 The namePa-tr.tis 431.Jelinkova Namenbuch, suggested P?-ti-[...]as a reading.87 (jj) Demotisches In P. Brooklyn37.1839EA-B (201 BC) a in Memphitedocuments.88 encountered one frequently as 'theelder',is listedamongthedocument's son of Pa-tr.t,thelatteridentified certainHr-nd-if=f whether relation existedbetweenthem determine to it is not anyfamily witnesses,89 possible although between thetwodocuments. inTextsA andB giventhetemporal individuals andthelike-named gap as a ...he... reading.90 only suggested (kk)Jelinkova thereadingPly... andlaterPa-[...].9i firstsuggested 431. Jelinkova Namenbuch, (11)Demotisches 546 n. 28a, wherethe authorsstatethat Namenbuch, (mm) For this name see Demotisches Jelinkova's readingas P;-rris incorrect. wouldbe Pi-nfr,as suggestedby (nn) I am notcertainaboutthereading.Anotherpossibility orPa-nfr. Jelinkova,92 80Examplesofarchivalnotescanbe foundinAndrews, Namenbuch, 302. 84An analysisof thesurvivingdocketsindicatesthat PtolemaicLegal Texts,P. BM EA 10463,69-70,pl. 54; P. P. Innsbruck(74 BC),P. Louvre2411 BM EA 10612,73^, pl. 66; P. BM EA 1O532A,74-5, pl. Ariosalso registered 62; G. Botti, Uarchiviodemoticoda Deir el-Medineh (64 BC),P. Louvre2464 (64 BC)and P. Leiden 380 (64 BC). - mon- See Wilcken,Urkunden derPtolemderzeit, 620-1, dockets (Catalogodel Museo egiziodi Torino.Serieprima umentie testiI; Florence,1967),Papiro18, 117,pl. xxiii; nos. 136, 139, 140, 141, 142; and Jelinkova, JEA 43, 54, P. 19, 119, pl. xxiv;P. 22, 129, pl. xxvi;P. 23, 131, pls. andJEA 45, 74 nn. 57-8. 85This was requiredbya law of 145 BC,whichstipuP. 31, 164,pl. xxxviii;P. 35, 179,pl. xxxix;P. xxvi-xxvii; to be had to be registered 36, 184,pl. xliv;P. 43, 200,pl. xlix;P. 45, 203,pl. viii;M. latedthatall Demoticcontracts el-Amir,A FamilyArchive fromThebes.DemoticPapyriin valid. See furtherP. W. Pestman,The Archiveof the thePhiladelphiaand Cairo MuseumsfromthePtolemaic ThebanChoachytes (Second Century B.C.): A Surveyof Period (Cairo, 1959), P. Philadelphia8; Depauw, The theDemoticand GreekPapyriContainedin theArchive Archive of Teosand Thabis,Doc. 2, 114,pl. 15; Doc. 2 bis, (Studia Demotica2; Leuven,1993),337-41. 86JEA 43, 54. For the correctreading,see Zauzich 124-5, pl. 16. For archivalnotessee also W. Erichsen, Firchow in O. demotische Schreibertradition, 71, 286 n. 566; Zauzich, Agyptische Urkundenvermerke', 'Einige Studien(Berlin,1955),76-80. JEA 49, 178-9; and Botti,Acta Orientalia25, 192-3. (ed.), Agyptologische 87JEA 43, 54, andJEA 45, 62. 81It is possiblethatthefragment was pastedontothe 88See Pestman,Quaegebeurand Vos,Recueilde textes to contractin moderntimes.However,it is interesting theold archivalnotein P. I, 14 n. 54. notethat,forreasonsunknown, 89Pestman,Quaegebeurand Vos, Recueilde textesI, Bruss.8253 was pastedonto the versoof the roll itself 27 witness14. 19 and the it was when discarded ratherthanbeing replacedby 90JEA 43, 54. For the correctreadingsee Zauzich, newone,Doc. 2 bis;see Depauw,TheArchiveof Teosand JEA49,178-9. Thabis,122 n. (dd). 91JEA43,54,andJEA45,62. Forthecorrect 82If thiswas thecase,thenit is possiblethatthefemreadwerelostduringthe ing, see Zauzich,JEA 49, 178-9; and Botti,Acta inineendingt and thedeterminative Orientalia25, 192-3. process. 92JEA 43, 55, andJEA 45, 62. 83The scansof bothvariantsof thenamehave been taken from the examples given in the Demotisches
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hrseemsquiteclearbutI amunabletoreadtherest. element ofthetheophorous (oo) The writing orHr-ij-m-htp. wouldbe Hr-m-hy Possiblereadings readthenameas Harmakhis.93 (pp) The readingis notcertain.Jelinkova (qq) The readingis notcertain.94 (rr)The namehadbeenreadas Mn-wrbyJelinkova.95 would be wrseand wry,as suggestedby (ss) The readingis not certain.Otherpossibilities Jelinkova.96 does notseemto me to be supported byJelinkova bytheextant (tt)The readingMn suggested listsuggests itmay ofthisnamewithtwootherexamplesinthewitnesses' A superimposition traces.97 of thenameTwt. be a writing forthe (uu) Onlythe wordspi and perhapstj are clearlyvisible.I can onlysuggestwsir-hp of thename. remainder of wsir,althoughI am unableto read tracesof thenamemaybe a writing (vv) The remaining Mn as a reading.98 eitherwhatprecedesorwhatfollows. Jelinkova suggested
Bodl. MS. Egypt,a. 41(P): TextB Descriptionof the papyrus thefirstbeingonly7 The papyrus (figs.3-4) is lightbrownandconsistsof sevenkollemata, sixsheetsmeasurebetween12.5and14cminwidth.The sheets cmwide,whiletheremaining on therecto, arejoinedleftuponrightwithan overlapof 1 to 1.5 cm. The textis written are 98 cm in as preserved, of themanuscript, The overalldimensions parallelto thefibres. on left-hand side. and 16.8 cm the 19 cm on the between varies the while right height length of the in the lower considerable The papyrushas suffered rightpart damageespecially of handsection,whereitappearsto be darkerthantherestof theroll.A closeexamination the have been of the that this indicate to the area seems subjectof papyrusmay part restoration, possiblyfollowingits acquisitionin the nineteenthcentury.This seems of theoriginalpapyrusarestillvisiblein placeswhere indicated bythefactthatfragments sheetshavelifted.Furthermore, smallsectionsof thenewoverlapping largesectionsof the textare entirely missingin line 6 and especiallyin line 7, whilethereare also signsof thetracesof where partof thetextappearstohavebeenwashedout.In addition, smudging Several writingstillvisiblein thisarea do not appearto resembleDemoticcharacters. the acrossthesurface, verticalcracksarealso presentat regularintervals marking possibly in the occur rolled the of original fromtheflattening foldsthatresulted papyrus.Largegaps mostof of thepapyrushavebrokenaway,although textalongthesecrackswherefragments deeds to other A and of Text of basis on the restored be can lacunae the sh-n-wy parallels fromthePtolemaicPeriod. of the of thefibresof thesurviving An examination portionof papyrusat thebeginning side to the attached have been seemstoindicatethata protokollon document right-hand may of therollwiththeverticalfibresparallelto thekollesis.However,sincethisarea of the withvertical itis quitepossiblethatthefragment papyrusshowssignsof heavyrestoration, than oftherollis an elementof suchrepairsrather foundatthebeginning fibres uppermost an originalprotokollon.
thepapyruswas mountedontoa clothbackingbeforebeing Followingits acquisition, thelistof witnesseswhosignedon theversoof thecontractis no framed.Consequently, ofthe of smallholesis alsopresenton theupperandlowermargins A series visible.99 longer 93JEA 45, 62. 94Jelinkovaread the name as rnhinJE A 43, 55, and as
Pa-[...] inJEA 45, 62.
95JEA 43, 54. For the correct reading see Zauzich, JEA 49, 178-9; and Botti,Ada Orientalia 25, 192-3.
^ JEA 43, 55.
97JEA 43, 55, and ^
™JEA 43, 55.
45, 62.
99An analysisof contractsforwhich both sh-dbi-hdand sh-n-wyare preservedindicatesthatthe witnesseswould be the same for both deeds. See, for example, Andrews, PtolemaicLegal Texts,P. BM EA 10727 and 10721 (182 BC), 38-40, P. BM EA 10722 and 10723 (181 BC), 41-3, and P. BM EA 10724 and 10725 (179 BC), 92-6. It is, therefore, likelythatthe names of the people who signed on the verso of Text A were also those who witnessedText B.
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papyrus.They were probablymade afterthe roll had been mountedonto the fabricsince Their some of themclearlypierce throughboth the papyrusand the backingmaterial.100 to me. clear is not immediately purpose Transliteration (ptwlmyis)\rw[s] [pi n]trmrit mrsn irmm wr[b.w]n (1) hi.t-sp18 /6^4 ih.tsw 2 [n (pr-]ri)\rw's' ntiw=w sh n-[im=wn] rr-qt ni (pr-ri.w)\rwsnt hr ni shn.wn mn-nfr hnrmi-nnhr-m-hy d sw.frmtpr-hn-inpw nhf-nb-jsi hr-nd-if=f hnr hm shm.t hnr si si ri hr-nd-if-j ti-sr.t-hr-m-hy pi hr-nd-if=f hr-m-hy pi r s 3 ni sn.whm.[wn] nhf-nb-jnt hryr s 4 n wrn [mw.t]=wnhf-w-sn (2) si.t hr-nd-if=f si.tpi-ti-nfr-[t]m d.f n=f irs mw.t=sti[y]-r-r=wtw=n wy.f.kr-hr-tn shm.[t]is.t-wry.t mh n hbs sbisstntir mh-ntr18 n pi rsyrpr mh[f]hr-hmh-ntr nt iw=f piy=t r.wy qt iw=f 6 n pi imnfrpr iibfhnrtiy-t hrrpi r[t]rshff.hn my=tmhr.[w]ntqt hrn=w nti[r n=f mh]fntnpr-hn-inpw (3) [h].t-nwf n n rn r-hr=n tni.t shm.t nhf=w-ssi.tpi-ti-ijinpwtp-[tw]=fpi ntrrinthn nt n[b ii]rph tiy=nmw.tti sn.ttiy=tmw.tin-t pi r.wyti ht-nw\}n]i mhr.wnt m-htpmw.t-sis.t-wry.t hry si pi-ti-wsir-hp piy=n i[t.fs]h dbi hd r-r-wn pi (4) iir=n dbi hd r ir=n n=t ir[mhr-nd-if=]f ssw[hrwnt]hry my=whyn.w nthr ni hrf.wmy=fhrf.w rs [pi r].wyn shm.trta-by"r wn-ni.whrd-hrsi hr-pi-rr ntr ri rn mhfhff.h inpwtp-tw=fpi r wn-ni.whrshm.tta-mr-w[r] [i]iy=fsr.tnthrm hrf.w imnfpi r.wyn rnh-hp (5) [my=sh]rt.w iibfpi [r.]wyn pa-ih[.tnt]hrkt-h.trmtrpi h(y)riwt=[w] [r tmt] rmtw-€(pi) r.wytiy-t[ht-nw]f [my]=tmhr.w[nthryntiw my=]why.wmy=why[n.wsh h]ryr-hpi ntsh hrytpi hrwr-hrymnmtw=nmtnbn pi ti iir-n-t[n] rn~wpi ntiw=f (r) ij r-[hr]=tdbi.f-wiw=n r ti w[y=]f r-hr-tn ht[r]iw[} m]n iw sw.[}rmt] si p]i-t[i-wsi]r-hp pi i[t.fpi s 4 nthry mw.t[=f]ta-ij-m-htp (6) [npi] tm[yn]thryhr-nd-if[=f
d\
iir[ymtnbnthryhi.f=ymtr.wn-i]m=wtw=t[m-si]=yn ir n=t r-h[mtnbnthry]pi ntiw bniw pi s [4] niy=yhrf.wnthryir=f n=t iw=y ir=f n-t hn hrw5 n pi ibtrn=fn htriwf mn iw=w d n pi s 5 tw=tm-sipiy=t mrn-im=nr pi s 5 [r] ir n[=t pi] hp (n) pi sh (7) [nthry][iir=tm]rhprm-si=n[npisS iir-t r hp]rtw[=t]m-si=n[n] s[h-dbi-hdr-ir=nn=t nt ['nh d.t r mh]sh 2 iw=t r-r-wn hi.t-sp18 ibt4 ih.tsw 2 n (pr]-^i)\rws[{ptwlmy]is)\fwsm-si-nn-[im]=whn[rpiy=w] hp r shpa-hrfsi hr-[si-is].t pi hm Translation (1) Regnal year 18, fourthmonth of the inundationseason, day 2 [of (Phara]oh)|1Ph (Ptolemaios)|lp Chthe go]da who loves (his) father(and) who loves (his) sister,and the who are registeredat Alexandria. priest[s]bof the (Pharaohs)|LP-h100It seemspossiblethatthisbackingsheetis of syn- whichwe would probablyexpectto findin clothmade theticfabricbecausethe area aroundat leastone of the fromnaturalfibres. smallholes showssignsof meltingratherthanburning
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(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
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fromtheAnubieionwhichis in thedistricts Has declaredthemerchant of Memphis, withHr-m-hy theelder,of thesameprofession, sonof Hr-nd-it-f, together Nht-nb=f withHr-m-fry theyounger, sonofHr-nd-it-fy sonofHr-nd-if=f, with together together thewomanT?-sr.t-hr-m-hy ofHr-nd-if=f> aforesaid, brethr[en being3 persons,theyounger of]Nhf-nb=f daughter to (the)woma[n]Is.tbeingNhf=w-sy being4 personswithone voice,their[mother] calledtrs,hermotherbeingT;y-r-r=w: of P?-ti-nfr-[t]m, daughter wry.t itbeing 'Wearefarfromyou(in respect)ofyourchouse,whichis built,itbeingroofed, fromthesouth completewithdoorandwindow(and) whichmeasures18 god's-cubits fromthewestto theeast,together withyour to thenort[h]by6 god's-cubits thatarebuiltat theirentrance, whicha[reto its (and)yourstorehouse[s]d cloth-[pla]ce and whichare in the Anubieionon the southerns[ide]fof the dromosof nort]h,e the greatgod, (and) whichincludeseverything Anubis-who-is-upon-his-mountain, ofPi-ti-ij-mth]atcametous as sharein (the)name(of the)womanNhf-w-sdaughter of the sister mother. our her mother your beingIs.t-wry.ty mother, htpy storehouses You havebought^thehouse,thecloth-pla[ce (and) t]heaforesaid son whichwe havemadeforyoua [s]h-dbi-hd fromus,hconcerning wi[thHr-nd-it]^/* at theafore[said ourf[ather],J of P?-ti-wsir-hpy da]te.k Theirneighbours: (and) south,[theh]ouseof thewomanTa-bywhichwas heldbyD-hrson of Hr-pi-rr of hisoffspring; whichis (now)heldbythechildren thegreatgod; north,(the)dromosof Anubis-who-is-upon-his-mountain, woman was held which of the house by(the) Ta-mr-w[r], [h]isdaughter, west, rnh-hp of (and)whichis (now)heldbythechildren [heroffspring; east,thehouseof Pa-ih[.twhich]is heldbyotherpeoplewhilethealley(of thehouse) is between[them]. [Totalling](theneighbours). To you belong1(the)mhouse,yourcloth[whos]e [pla]cen(and) yo[ur]°storehouses, in with that which is accordance and boundariesare written measurements ab]ove, claim at all abovefromtodayonwards.We do nothaveany written againstyou [on]p accountof them.(As for)anyonewhoshallproceedagfainst] youon accountof them, we willcausehimto be fa[r]fromyoubycompulsion](and) witho[ut del]ay.'q a man] Whilethemercha[nt, sonofP]i-t[i-wsi]r-hpy beingTa[his]mother Hr-nd-if[=f the]saidsettlement], [from of the4 personsaforesaid, thefa[ther declares]: ij-m-htp, is them.You have[a legal heart satisfied aforesaid all with]r matters, my (the) 'Execu[te That whichthe with in accordance for act me to on aforesaid]. [everything you claim] willnotdo foryou,I willdo itforyouwithin5 days mychildren, [4] personsaforesaid, withoutdelay/ ofsthesaidmonth,bycompulsion, Whilethe5 personssay:1 the5 persons,[to]fulfil 'You havea legalclaimagainstanyoneofus youwant,totalling of the deed fo[ryouthe]obligation [Shouldyouwi]shto makea legalclaimagainstus, [as the5 persons,you [aforesaid]. willb]e (ableto havea claim).u [You]havea claim[on]us (also) [withrespectto]v(the themin regnalyear18, whichwe madeforyouconcerning rightof the)s[h-dbt-hdw x lP-h[(Ptolema]ios)|LPh fourthmonthof the inundation season,day 2 of (Pharao]h)| You have a claimon us with who [livesforever,? (the)]twodocuments.2 completing >aa respectto t[he]man[dtheir]obligation. theyounger. WrotePa-hrfsonofHr-[s?-is].t
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Noteson translation arefoundwithout comment (a) Whererestorations theyarebasedon TextA, which,unlikeText muchdamagein thefirsthalfof thepapyrus. B, hasnotsuffered (b) Thereis a gap in thepapyrusat thispointandonlypartof thepluralsignsurvives. (c) In sh-dbi-hd deeds,as inTextA, thetextusesthefirst pluralpronoun'our'inthespecification of thehouse,withthevendorsstating, 'We havegivenyouourhouse,itis yours',whereasin theshn-wythesellersdeclare,'We arefarfromyourhouse',which,as Depauwsuggests, mayindicatethat theownership of theproperty had alreadypassedto thebuyerwiththefirstdocument.101 (d) The pluralendingis clearlyvisiblein Text A, as wellas beingsuggested by theuse of the pluralpossessivepronounmy-t. due to thegapsin thepapyrus. (e) The clauseis onlypartially preserved hrandthenounrtthereappearstobe another the (f)Betweenthepreposition sign,quitepossibly forthedefinite articlepl. The latterdoesnotseemto havebeenusedin theparallelpassage writing in TextA whichreadssimplyhrrt. The following clauseis oftenused (g) The readingoftheverbin-twassuggested byM. Smith.102 in sh-n-wy documents to referbackto thefirstpartof thecontract, itis thesh-dbi-hd, andtherefore notfoundin TextA. Enoughof theclausesurvives to be certainaboutthereading. (h) The readingof thewordiirwassuggested byM. Smith. butthereadingis supported (i) Onlypartof thedeterminative survives, name, bythefollowing whichis thatof thefather ofHr-nd-ip=f, andbytheoccurrence of bothnamesagaininline6. butthereadingis quitecertain. (j) Hardlyanytraceof thewordsurvives, of thewordshrwnthryis onlyinpart (k) The textis quitedamagedat thispoint.My restoration thenounsswonlytheendingof supported bytheextanttracesof ink.In fact,of thesignsfollowing thewordhryseemsclear,whileit is difficult to determine whether theremaining tracesarepartof theoriginalwordshrwand ntor theresultof a possiblerestoration of thepapyrus.The use of the withthegenericmeaningof 'date'or 'time',as in TextB, is alsofound compoundwordssw-hrw,102 in P. Heidelberg723 (line 19),104 P. Innsbruck(line 16),105 P. Cairo 30620 and P. Pavia 1120.106 fromtheanalysisof thetablesproducedbyZauzich107 thisuse of thecompounddoesnot However, orsh-n-wy deeds. appearto havebeenverycommonin eithersh-dbi-hd (1)The papyrusis verydamagedat thispointandthereadingmtw=tseemsonlypartlysupported by theextanttraces.Anotherpossiblereadingwouldbe ply-tin a nominalclausewiththecopula or lostin themanygapspresentin thispartof thepapyrus. pronouneitheromitted The article is omitted in thistextbutitappearsin TextA. (m) pi The restoration is based on theparallelspecification in line3. (n) of thepossessiveas pluralis dictatedbythepluralendingof thenounmhr.w. (o) The restoration (p) Tracesof thewordarejustvisible. is basedon theoccurrence ofthissameformula inline6 ofthetextandonthe (q) The restoration of sale. manyparallelsof thisclausefoundin Ptolemaiccontracts at thispointand largegaps are presentin thetext.The (r) The papyrusis veryfragmentary readingseemssupported bythefactthatthetracesin Text B matchwiththepassagein TextA, as shownbya superimposition of thetwodocuments. The stroke is rather I havetakenitas an n because (s) longandlooksmoreliker thann. However, thisis whatwe wouldexpectto find. (t) The readingof thewordd was suggestedby M. Smith:literally, 'theysay,namelythefive 37.1796E.108 persons'.Foranotherexampleof thisclausesee P. Brooklyn (u) The sameclauseis also foundin P. Leiden376.109 (v) Thereis buta traceof whatcouldhavebeenn. traceof thewordis theobliquestrokeof thefirstsignin thewriting (w) The onlysurviving of theverbsh. LP-hof the words(Pharaoh)!1?11 is clearlysuggestedby what (x) The restoration (Ptolemaios)| survives ofthem.In addition, theextanttracesofinkinthedisplacedfragment abovethiswordseem to correspond to partsof thew, the t and the/ in thewritingof thenamePtwlmyis. Thus, the 101See furtherDepauw, The Archive Teos and of Thabis,7, n. 12. 102Fortheidiomsin r-dbi-hd and tir-dbi-hd used with themeaningof buyingand sellingsee J.H. Johnson, Thus Wrote 'Onchsheshonqy: An Introductory Grammarof Demotic(SAOC 45: Chicago.1991). 41. 103Erichsen,Demotisches Glossar,461.
104Setheand Partsch,Burgschaftsrechte, pl. 19. 105Setheand Partsch,Burgschaftsrechte, 740 n. 1. 106Zauzich.Asvttische Schreibertradition. table4. 107Agyptische tables1-4. Schreibertradition, 108Pierce,ThreeDemoticPapyri,13-18 line30. 109Setheand Partsch,Burgschaftsrechte, 208-9line30.
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PTOLEMAIC CONTRACT OF SALE
203
should probablybe loweredby one line. This is also suggestedby the factthatthewordsin fragment read [...]m=w tw-twhichis whatwe would expectto findat thispoint theupperpartof thefragment in line 6 of the text. (y) The readingwe would generallyexpectto findwould be rnhd.t or nt rnhd.tyuobut I am not entirelycertainwhetherthisis whatwas originallywrittenin the gap. r ir n=t hr-nd-i}-fsi (z) Anotherpossible restorationwould be: tw-t m-si-nn (pi hp n) sh-dbt-hd r-w-sr-w-spiy-n ifr-r-wn hl.t-spIS ibt4 ih.tswln (pr-r$)\ (ptwlmyis)\ ntrnhd.t r mhsh 2. A pl-ti-wsir-hp similarclause is foundin P. PhiladelphiaVIII and X111and P. Louvre E 3266.112However,forreasons of space I do not believeit is possibleto restorethisentiresentencein the gap. (aa) A similarclause is foundin P. Brooklyn37.1839E A (line 8), P. Brooklyn37.1839E B (line 6)113 and in P. BM EA 10616 (line 5) fromPhiladelphia.114
110Depauw,TheArchiveof Teosand Thabis,134-5. 19 and 26, and II, 24 and 32. 114S. R. K. Glanville,'A Demotic Contractof the 111El-Amir,A FamilyArchivefromThebes,37-41, Third 45-9. Centuryfromthe Fayyum(Dem. P. Brit. Mus. 112De Cenival,BIFAO 71, line 12 R-S. to F. LI. Griffith (London, 10616)', in StudiesPresented 113Pestman,Quaegebeurand Vos,Recueilde textesI, 1932),154.
