Marco Teórico - Muebles Da Madera
September 23, 2022 | Author: Anonymous | Category: N/A
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SNQHM@ IN@ SQO]NBYO 4.
DEYNBNINEYNR
@d dbtmvmidi in proiubbmòe ne n` ruaro in hdarmbdbmòe in juna`ns ne `os ö`tmjos dôos ne Ao`mvmd, gd tnemio ue hunrtn brnbmjmneto nboeòjmbo y sobmd`. @d n`daordbmòe in jdinrd gd brnbmio in ued jdenrd eotda`n yd qun n` juna`n ns meimspnesda`n inetro in ue goldr, goldr, dsê bojo ue nspdbmo in trdadfo in snrvmbmo rnqumnrn ue juna`n pdrd imstrmaumr `os djamnetns y jdetnenr n` orine ne bud`qumnr nspdbmo, n` juna`n diqumrmio ne jdinrd gd diqumrmio ue vd`or juy rnprnsnetdtmvo yd qun n` jmsjo pdsd d snr pdrtn in` nspdbmo y n` djamnetn. Ne Ydrmfd nstd dbtmvmidi nboeòjmbd sn gd insdrro``o in jdenrd eotda`n yd qun sn gde horjdio jmbronjprnsds qun gde bojnrbmd`mzdio ued lrde bdetmidi in jnrbdinrêd dsê bojo gde lnenrdio njp`nos imrnbto n meimrnbto pdrd jubgds pnrsoeds. ^ed in `ds prmebmpd`ns bdrdbtnrêstmbds
qun prnsnetd `d meiustrmd
ne budeto d `ds njprnsds
hdarmbdetns in juna`ns sn rnhmnrne, ns qun smlune jdetnemneio nstrubturd hdjm`mdr. Netrn n``ds tnenjos `d juna`nrêd Bdrpmetnrêd y Juna`nrêd HDINJ^Y uambdid ne `d bmuidi in Ydrmfd provmebmd Bnrbdio, ne `d bd``n Rumpdbgd netrn Iojmelo Sdz y Ao`êvdr, ued njprnsd hdjm`mdr, qun edbmò ne n` dôo 1342 membmd sus opnrdbmoens boe tde so`o ios pnrsoeds Sropmntdrmos, `d Rrd. Nvdeln`med Xnrd in Rorubo qumne sn nebdrldad in `d ärnd in jdrkntmel y su nsposo Hrdebmsbo Rorubo Qoirêlunz qumne posnêd boeobmjmnetos y gdam`midins pdrd `d hdarmbdbmòe in juna`ns. N` nstm`o in vnetds d iojmbm`mo `os hortd`nbmò in td` jdenrd qun sn imnroe d boeobnr d emvn` rnlmoed`, ohrnbmneio proiubtos in lrde bd`midi, d `d punrtd in` goldr boe hdbm`midins in diqumsmbmòe.
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Bdrpmetnrêd y Juna`nrêd HDINJ^Y sn prnobupd por jdetnenrsn ne n` lusto in` b`mnetn ohrnbmneio ued djp`md vdrmnidi in sus proiubtos, `os jmsjos qun sn vde didptdeio d `os eunvos tmnjpos trdtdeio in meborpordr tnbeo`olêds, qun pnrjmtde rnspoeinr jnfor d `ds enbnsmidins in sus b`mnetns. Sdrd toio `o nxpunsto sn gdbn enbnsdrmo ue proynbto in mevnstmldbmòe pdrd hortd`nbnr `d uemidi proiubtmvd boe jmsmòe njprnsdrmd`.
1. F^RYMHMBDBMÒE IN YQDADFO 1.4.Fustmhmbdbmòe tnòrmbd @d dijmemstrdbmòe smrvn pdrd lnstmoedr o imrmlmr njprnsds, pnrsoeds y rnbursos boe n` hme in d`bdezdr `os oafntmvos qun pnrsmlun `d njprnsd `o qun dyuidrä d qun `d njprnsd sn jdenfn in jdenrd jäs nhmbmnetn. N` Jdrkntmel sn trdtd in ued ued imsbmp`med imsbmp`med inimbdid d` deä`msms in` bojportdjmneto in `os jnrbdios y in `os boesujmiorns. N` jdrkntmel ded`mzd `d lnstmòe bojnrbmd` in `ds njprnsds boe n` oafntmvo in bdptdr, rntnenr y hmin`mzdr d `os b`mnetns d trdvís in `d sdtmshdbbmòe in sus enbnsmidins. N` jdrkntmel ns n` boefueto in dbbmoens qun, dlrnldeio ue nstêju`o dimbmoed`, ausbd dujnetdr n` metnrís mejnimdto ne n` jmsjo n meh meh`umr `umr ne n e `d bojprd. Sdrd qun ued bdjpdôd in jdrkntmel snd nxmtosd, nstn nstêju`o gd in snr rn`nvdetn pdrd n` bojprdior y inan snr `mjmtdio ne n` tmnjpo. N` jdrkntmel `o nel`oade ued snrmn in dbbmoens qun dportde vd`or dôdimio d ue proiubto y buyo hme ns dbtmvdr `ds vnetds o `d rnspunstd nspnrdid. D trdvís in ued nstrdtnlmd in jdrkntmel sn prntnein dôdimr ue vd`or dlrnldio d `os proiubtos in `d Bdrpmetnrêd y Juna`nrêd HDINJ^Y `o qun dyuidrä d qun mebrnjnetne sus vnetds.
1.1.Fustmhmbdbmòe präbtmbd
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Ne n` jueio bdjamdetn in `os enlobmos in goy `os nehoquns dijmemstrdtmvos soe bdid vnz jäs vnrsätm`ns y bdjamdetns inpneimneio in` jnimo, pnro toios trdtde in ``nvdr d` íxmto d `ds njprnsds, ausbdeio jnbdemsjos pdrd rnso`vnr imhmbu`tdins y pdrd n``o dp`mbde tíbembds prnbmsds pdrd snr nhmbmnetns y ohrnbnr proiubtos in nxbn`netn bd`midi boe prnbmos dtrdbtmvos pdrd sus boesujmiorns por `o qun sn enbnsmtde probnsos dinbudios qun netrnlune d` b`mnetn boehmdezd, y rnbmamr in n``o hmin`mzdbmòe `o qun `n pnrjmtn d` enlobmo brnbnr. ^e p`de in jdrkntmel dyuidrä d rnd`mzdr ue nstuimo prohueio in `os hdbtorns metnreos y nxtnreos d `d njprnsd, sn intnrjmedrä sus inam`midins, hortd`nzds, oportuemidins y djnedzds qun posnn ne rn`dbmòe d` jnrbdio y su bojpntnebmd. @d Bdrpmetnrêd y Juna`nrêd HDINJ^Y d trdvís in ue p`de in jdrkntmel, poirêd posmbmoedrsn bojo njprnsd `êinr ne n` jnrbdio Ydrmfnôo ideio mjportdebmd d sdtmshdbnr d `d injdeid qun n` b`mnetn nxmln, dinjäs in trdiubmr nsds enbnsmidins ne dbbmoens qun tmnene qun vnr boe inbmsmoens soarn n` prnbmo, vnetd y imstrmaubmòe boe n` oafntmvo in gdbnr boeobnr y vd`ormzdr `ds bud`midins qun imstmelune d sus proiubtos.
1.2.Fustmhmbdbmòe jntoio`òlmbd @d n`daordbmòe in ue p`de in jdrkntmel `d Bdrpmetnrêd y Juna`nrêd HDINJ^Y sn jostrdrä d trdvís in `d horju`dbmòe in `d gmpòtnsms, deä`msms in `ds vdrmda`ns y por ö`tmjo `d bojproadbmòe in `d gmpòtnsms p`detndid jnimdetn n` nstuimo qun sn rnd`mzdrä inetro in `d njprnsd; tdjamíe sn p`detndrä ued propunstd in ued p`de in jdrkntmel pdrd `d njprnsd HDINJ^Y, ued vnz snde injostrdios su vd`minz y boehmdam`midi poirä snr utm`mzdios ne otros trdadfos trd adfos in mevnstmldbmòe.
2. S@DEYNDJMNEYO IN@ SQOA@NJD Sdrd minetmhmbdr n` proa`njd in mevnstmldbmòe sn rnd`mzò ue deä`msms prnvmo jnimdetn `d oasnrvdbmòe y dp`mbdbmòe in` imsnôo nxp`ordtormo, tdjamíe sn ``nvò d bdao ued netrnvmstd d prohueimidi boe `d propmntdrmd qumne tojd `ds inbmsmoens pdrd su enlobmo `d Rrd. Nvdeln`med Xnrd.
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@ds imhmbu`tdins qun eos jnebmoed `d propmntdrmd in `d Bdrpmetnrêd y Juna`nrêd HDINJ^Y soe6
@d njprnsd vmnen opnrdeio > dôos ne n` jnrbdio in `d n`daordbmòe y vnetd in juna`ns in` goldr ne `d bmuidi in Ydrmfd, pnro su dijmemstrdbmòe ns in jdenrd njpêrmbd puns `d dbtud` lnrnebmd eo bunetd boe `os nstuimos suhmbmnetns pdrd poinr brndr nstrdtnlmds n strdtnlmds qun `n pnrjmtde jnfordr sus melrnsos, por otro `dio ne n` n` ärnd in proiubbmòe `d smtudbmòe ns `d jmsjd puns `d proiubbmòe sn `o gdbn ne rnhnrnebmd d` boeobmjmneto diqumrmio ne `d n`daordbmòe in juna`ns sme n` njp`no in `d dijmemstrdbmòe in opnrdbmoens qun `n pnrjmtd d `d njprnsd rnd`mzdr ued jnfor utm`mzdbmòe in jdtnrmd`ns in proiubbmòe.
Bdrnbn in ued nstrdtnlmd bojpntmtmvd qun `n pnrjmtd snljnetdr su jnrbdio in jdenrd dinbudid y sdtmshdbnr d sus b`mnetns puns iurdetn `os ö`tmjos dôos sn `mjmtò d netrnldr `os juna`ns vneimios ne iojmbm`mo bojo öembd nstrdtnlmd in vnetds.
@d njprnsd insboeobn su netoreo bojpntmtmvo bojo tdjamíe bojo sn nebunetrd posmbmoedio, ns dsê qun bdrnbn in ued nstrdtnlmd in jdrkntmel nstrdtílmbo bojo opnrdbmoed`.
@d brnbmnetn dpdrmbmòe in eunvds njprnsd boe n` jmsjo snrvmbmo in netrnld d iojmbm`mo `n mjpmin d `d njprnsd mebrnjnetdr su jnrbdio, y poinr posmbmoedrsn ne `d jnetn in` boesujmior.
Sor `o jnebmoedio detnrmorjnetn sn punin meimbdr qun `d Bdrpmetnrêd y Juna`nrêd HDINJ^Y rnqumnrn mjp`njnetdr ue p`de in jdrkntmel imrmlmio d sus b`mnetns qun `n pnrjmtde qun `n pnrjmtd jnfordr su `nd`tdi in jdrbd, posmbmoedjmneto dbtud` y imhnrnebmdbmòe in `d bojpntnebmd.
2.4.
Horju`dbmòe in` proa`njd
Nstda`nbnr d trdvís in ued mevnstmldbmòe in jnrbdios `ds nstrdtnlmds jäs dinbudids pdrd mjp`njnetdr ne `d Bdrpmetnrêd y Juna`nrêd HDINJ^Y.
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Sor `o nxpunsto detnrmorjnetn ``nldjos d p`detndr n` proa`njd nxprnsdio ne `d smlumnetn metnrroldetn. ¿Tuí nstrdtnlmds in jdrkntmel snrêde `ds jäs dinbudids pdrd qun `d Bdrpmetnrêd y Juna`nrêd HDINJ^Y punid posmbmoedrsn ne `d jnetn in` boesujmior?
9. HOQJ^@DBMÒE IN GMSÒYNRMR @ds nstrdtnlmds in jdrkntmel qun sn dinbun d `d bdrpmetnrêd y juna`nrêd HDINJ^Y dyuidräe d` mebrnjneto in `ds vnetds y d posmbmoedrsn ne sd` jnetn in `os boesujmiorns.
Xdrmda`n meinpneimnetn6 W4.- Nstrdtnlmds in jdrkntmel
Xdrmda`n inpneimnetn6 ]4.- Mebrnjneto in `ds vnetds. ]1.- Sosmbmoedjmneto >. OAFNYMXOR >.4.Oafntmvo lnenrd` Qnd`mzdr ued propunstd in p`de in jdrkntmel pdrd `d bdrpmetnrêd y juna`nrêd HDINJ^Y, jnimdetn ued mevnstmldbmòe in jnrbdio, qun `n pnrjmtd d `d njprnsd jnfordr su `nd`tdi in jdrbd, posmbmoedjmneto dbtud` y imhnrnebmdbmòe in `d bojpntnebmd.
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>.1.
Oafntmvos nspnbêhmbos Inhmemr `os hueidjnetos tnòrmbos y boebnptud`ns bojo adsn pdrd gdbnr `d propunstd in` p`de in jdrkntmel pdrd pd rd `d Bdrpmetnrêd y Juna`nrêd HDINJ^Y.
Insbrmamr `d smtudbmòe dbtud` in Bdrpmetnrêd y Juna`nrêd HDINJ^Y, n` pnrhm` in su jnrbdio jntd, sus proiubtos, bojpntnebmd y `os netoreos qun dhnbtde d `d njprnsd.
Ded`mzdr metnlrd`jnetn `ds nstrdtnlmds dbtud`ns in `d Bdrpmetnrêd y Juna`nrêd HDINJ^Y, dsê bojo `d in sus bojpntmiorns y jnrbdio dbtud` y potnebmd` por jnimo in ued mevnstmldbmòe in jnrbdio, boe n` hme in intnrjmedr `ds jnforns nstrdtnlmds d snr p`detndids ne `d propunstd in` p`de in jdrkntmel.
Sropoenr ue p`de in jdrkntmel qun `n pnrjmtd d `d njprnsd boetdr boe nstrdtnlmds pdrd jnfordr su `nd`tdi in jdrbd, posmbmoedjmneto dbtud` y imhnrnebmdbmòe in `d bojpntnebmd, tdeto d emvn` nstrdtílmbo bojo d emvn` opnrdtmvo.
Qnd`mzdr ue prnsupunsto pdrd `d njprnsd.
8.
JNYOIO@OLÊD IN @D MEXNRYMLDBMÒE
8.4.
Ympo in nstuimo
Nstuimo in tmpo nxp`ordtormo y insbrmptmvo, mevnstmldbmòe in bdjpo.
8.1.
Jntoio`olêd in `d mevnstmldbmòe
@d smlumnetn mevnstmldbmòe ns in bdjpo inamio d qun `d mehorjdbmòe hun oatnemid in horjd imrnbtd insin n` pueto ne n` bud` sn trdadfd, tdjamíe ns ued mevnstmldbmòe insbrmptmvd y nxp`ordtormd boe idtos tojdios in ued rnd`midi qun ns imsbrntd, `d bud` rnprnsnetd `d uemidi in deä`msms.
Mevnstmldbmòe nxp`otdrêd6 Nstd mevnstmldbmòe sn utm`mzd ne `os bdsos ne qun ns prnbmso dbnrbdrsn d `d inhmembmòe in` proa`njd in jdenrd jäs prnbmsd, minetmhmbdr n` burso in
<
dbbmòe rn`nvdetn o prohueimzdr ne nstn detns in insdrro``dr n` p`detndjmneto in` proa`njd, `o qun pnrjmtn tdjamíe boeobnr `ds nstrdtnlmds in `d bojpntnebmd. @os pdsos d snlumr soe6 rnbo`nbbmòe in mehorjdbmòe - orldemzdbmòe y deä`msms in idtos iniubbmòe in boeb`usmoens inhmemtmvds ne bdid ntdpd. Ympos in idtos in hunetns snbueidrmds qun sn utm`mzdroe nrde6 mehorjns nstdiêstmbos, pua`mbdbmòe y toio tmpo in iobujneto iob ujneto o mevnstmldbmòe qun punid snr utm`mzdio pdrd n` deä`msms in `d rnd`midi in `d njprnsd.
Jítoio ded`êtmbo.
Eos pnrjmtn oatnenr ue deä`msms jäs intd``dio y prohueio. Minetmhmbd `os dspnbtos qun sn instdbde ne bdid ued in `ds ntdpds in` probnso, intnbtd `ds vdrmda`ns o boeimbmoens qun punine dhnbtdr in horjd posmtmvd o enldtmvd n` insdrro``o in `ds dbtmvmidins in `d njprnsd.
Jítoio Iniubtmvo
Oasnrvdbmòe imrnbtd.- Ns ued tíbembd qun qun boesmstn ne oasnrvdr dtnetdjnetn ue hneòjneo tojdr mehorjdbmòe y rnlmstrdr`d pdrd su pròxmjo deä`msms. Netrnvmstds Snrsoed`ns.- @d bud` sn rnd`mzdrä d `d llnrnetn nrnetn propmntdrmd boe n` oafntmvo in rnbdadr mehorjdbmòe soarn su njprnsd prmebmpd`jnetn soarn n` probnso in proiubbmòe.
Mevnstmldbmòe insbrmptmvd6 Rn rnd`mzdrä ued mevnstmldbmòe insbrmptmvd pdrd intnrjmedr n` lrdio in dbnptdbmòe in `d Bdrpmetnrêd y Juna`nrêd HDINJ^Y soarn p`de in jdrkntmel propunsto; nstd mevnstmldbmòe bojprnein `d rnbo`nbbmòe in idtos utm`mzdeio bojo mestrujneto `ds nebunstd nstrubturdid y `d oasnrvdbmòe, tnemneio bojo propòsmto idr ued vmsmòe metnlrd` tnjd nvd`udio.
8.2.
Yíbembds in rnbo`nbbmòe in idtos
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Hunetns prmjdrmds Bojo hunetn in prmjnr orine sn njp`ndrä ued mevnstmldbmòe imrmlmid d `d njprnsd qun ns oafnto in deä`msms, ne `d qun sn rnd`mzdrä `d nebunstd rnspnbtmvd d `d iunôd in `d njprnsd y d `os trdadfdiorns pdrd vnr `ds posma`ns hd`nebmds nxmstnetns, tdjamíe ns enbnsdrmo dp`mbdr n` Anebgjdrkmel pdrd minetmhmbdr `ds hortd`nzds y inam`midins in eunstrd njprnsd.
Jítoio Iniubtmvo
Oasnrvdbmòe imrnbtd.- Ns ued tíbembd qun qun boesmstn ne oasnrvdr dtnetdjnetn ue hneòjneo tojdr mehorjdbmòe y rnlmstrdr`d pdrd su pròxmjo deä`msms.
Netrnvmstd
Nebunstd
Oasnrvdbmòe
Boe nstos n`njnetos eos bnetrdrnjos ne n` bujp`mjmneto in toio n` imsnôo tnòrmbo n`daordio, pdrd d`bdezdr n` insdrro``o in `d mevnstmldbmòe y bujp`mr boe intd``ns toio n` rmlor bmnetêhmbo, qun rnqumnrn ued mevnstmldbmòe.
Hunetns snbueidrmds
@ds hunetns snbueidrmds qun utm`mzdjos hunroe `maros in jdrkntmel, rnvmstds y toio dqun``o qun eos pnrjmtne `olrdr n` oafntmvos in boeobnr jäs d prohueimidi `d njprnsd bojo dsê tdjamíe d `d bojpntnebmd , ns mjportdetn jnebmoedr qun `d mehorjdbmòe in `os jòiu`os rnbmamios iurdetn `os ö`tmjos emvn`ns in nstuimo hunroe enbnsdrmos y sme `uldr d iuids n` metnrent.
3 boe ued hm`osohêd in metumbmòe y rnspunstd bnetrdid ne n` b`mnetn. N` boebnpto in jdrkntmel nstda`nbn qun `d b`dvn pdrd `olrdr `os oafntmvos orldemzdbmoed`ns ns snr jäs nhmbmnetn qun `d bojpntnebmd d` brndr, netrnldr y bojuembdr ue vd`or supnrmor pdrd n` jnrbdio jntd. Snro gde smio ne `os ö`tmjos dôos budeio gd surlmio ued eunvd mind, `d prnobupdbmòe in` amne nstdr sobmd`, in joio qun `d eunvd inhmembmòe in jdrkntmel ns6 ‐ ue
jnbdemsjo nboeòjmbo y sobmd` d trdvís in` bud` `os meimvmiuos vne sdtmshnbgds sus enbnsmidins y insnos, dtrnvns in `d brndbmòe y n` metnrbdjamo in proiubtos y otrds netmidins in vd`or‚.1
Sor su pdrtn Kot`nr, Kn``nr dutorns in` `maro ‐Imrnbbmòe in Jdrkntmel‚, ‐inhmene d`
jdrkntmel bojo ns n` drtn y `d bmnebmd in n`nlmr jnrbdio jntd y in oatnenr, jdetnenr 4
(wmkmpnimd, 1347) 1 (Kot`nr, Imrnbbmoe in jdrkntmel)
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y dujnetdr b`mnetns jnimdetn `d lnenrdbmòe, netrnld y bojuembdbmòe in jdyor vd`or pdrd n` b`mnetn‚
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Ne nstn snetmio in dbunrio d `ds ios inhmembmoens p`detndids detnrmorjnetn, ``nldjos d `d boeb`usmòe qun n` jdrkntmel sn adsd ne `ds smlumnetns minds6 4.
Yoid p`dendbmòe y opnrdbmòe inan ormnetdrsn d` b`mnetn. Ns inbmr qun bdid ärnd y njp`ndio inan ormnetdrsn d `d sdtmshdbbmòe in `ds enbnsmidins in `os b`mnetns.
1.
Yoids `ds dbtmvmidins in jdrkntmel in ued orldemzdbmòe inane boorimedrsn. Nsto smlemhmbd qun `os nshunrzos in jdrkntmel (p`dendbmòe in proiubto, dsmledbmòe in prnbmos, imstrmaubmòe y projobmòe) inane rn`dbmoedrsn y bojamedrsn in jdenrd jdenrd bognrnetn, boel boelrunetn runetn y qun ue nfnbutmvo inan tnenr tnenr dutormidi y rnspoesdam`midi totd` in` boefueto bojp`nto in dbtmvmidins in` jdrkntmel.
2.
N` jdrkntmel boorimedio, ormnetdio d` b`mnetn, ns nsnebmd` pdrd `olrdr `os oafntmvos in insnjpnôo in `d orldemzdbmòe. N` insnjpnôo in ue enlobmo ns lnenrd`jnetn jnimio ne tírjmeos in rnbupnrdbmòe in mevnrsmòe, prnbmo in d`jdbíe y bdpmtd`mzdbmòe in jnrbdio. Rme njadrlo, n` oafntmvo mejnimdto poirêd snr d`lo jneos djambmoso dja mbmoso qun junvd d `d orldemzdbmòe or ldemzdbmòe jäs bnrbd in su jntd inhmemtmvd.
N` jdrkntmel nstda`nbn qun `d b`dvn pdrd `olrdr `os oafntmvos orldemzdbmoed`ns ns snr jäs nhmbmnetn qun `d bojpntnebmd d` brndr, netrnldr y bojuembdr ue vd`or supnrmor pdrd `os jnrbdios jntds.
1.4.
Mjportdebmd in` p`de in jdrkntmel
2 (Kn``nr,
1348)
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Rnlöe Kot`nr y Drjstroel, ‐ N` jdrkntmel, insnjpnôd ue pdpn` mjportdetn. Sroporbmoed ued hm`osohêd luêd, `d bud` bu d` sulmnrn qun `d nstrdtnlmd in `d njprnsd inan lmrdr ne toreo d `d sdtmshdbbmòe in `ds enbnsmidins in mjportdetns lrupos in 2
boesujmiorns.‚ boesujmiorns .‚ [Kot`nr & Drjstroel, 1337, pälmed 98Z. In nstn joio, jnimdetn n`
p`de in jdrkntmel y sus nstrdtnlmds sn punin ``nldr d sdtmshdbnr d` b`mnetn y tnenr`o bojo ormnetdbmòe prmebmpd`. Dinjäs in n``o, jnimdetn n` p`de in jdrkntmel, `ds njprnsds punine6 9
Inhmemr oafntmvos, nstrdtnlmds, po`êtmbds, täbtmbds y otros pdrd d`bdezdr `os oafntmvos y jntds.
Minetmhmbdr `ds oportuemidins projntniords.
Metnlrdr `os n`njnetos in `d jnzb`d in jdrkntmel in ued jdenrd boelrunetn netrn sê.
^tm`mzdr nhmbmnetnjnetn `os rnbursos in `d njprnsd.
Hdbm`mtdr n` boetro`, snlumjmneto y rntrod`mjnetdbmòe in `os rnsu`tdios in` p`de.
Otrds.
Rme njadrlo, su mjportdebmd rdimbd ne qun id ued luêd b`drd, bojp`ntd, metnlrdid y d`mendid in `d imrnbbmòe nstrdtílmbd y opnrdtmvd jnrbdio`òlmbd d `d njprnsd.
‐ Nstä injostrdio qun, qun , ne lnenrd`, n` n ` imsnôo y n` boesmlumnetn b oesmlumnetn insdrro``o i nsdrro``o in ue p`de > in jdrkntmel, dujnetd `ds posmam`midins in íxmto in `ds njprnsd. njprnsd.‚‚
1.1.
Srobnso in jdrkntmel
Kot`nr y Drjstroel ne su `maro hueidjnetos in` jdrkntmel, prnsnetde ue join`o snebm``o in bmebo pdsos in` probnso in jdrkntmel6 9
(Drrjstroel, 1343) 134 (Sroiubtmvd,
42
Bojprneinr n` jnrbdio y `ds enbnsmidins y insnos in `os b`mnetns.
Imsnôdr ued nstrdtnlmd in jdrkntmel ormnetdid d `os b`mnetns.
Brndr ue prolrdjd in jdrkntmel qun netrnlun ue vd`or supnrmor.
Boestrumr rn`dbmoens y brndr in`nmtn ne `os b`mnetns.
Bdptdr vd`or in `os b`mnetns pdrd lnenrdr utm`midins y bdpmtd` in b`mnetns.
Ne `os prmjnros budtro pdsos, `ds njprnsds trdadfde pdrd netneinr d `os boesujmiorns, lnenrdr vd`or in` b`mnetn y boestrumr hunrtns rn`dbmoens boe `os b`mnetns. D` brndr vd`or pdrd `os b`mnetns, d su vnz bdptde vd`or in `os b`mnetns qun tojd `d horjd in vnetds utm`midins y bdpmtd` in b`mnetn d `drlo p`dzo 8. Sdrd netneinr jnfor `os probnsos in` jdrkntmel.
Hunetn6 hueidjnetos in` jdrkntmel6 kot`nr y Drj Drjstroel stroel
@os prmjnros budtro pdsos in` probnso in jdrkntmel sn bnetrde ne brndr vd`or pdrd `os b`mnetns. @d njprnsd prmjnro oatmnen ue netneimjmneto totd` in` jnrbdio jnimdetn 8
(Drjstroel, 134
9.1.
Jdrkntmel opnrdtmvo
N` opnrdtmvo pnrjmtn d trdvís in dbbmoens boebrntds, ``nvdr d bdao `ds nstrdtnlmds in jdrkntmel inhmemids ne `d ntdpd detnrmor y bujp`mr dsê boe `os oafntmvos hmfdios. D imhnrnebmd in` jdrkntmel nstrdtílmbo, qun nstda`nbn ued vmsmòe d `drlo p`dzo, n` jdrkntmel opnrdtmvo sn obupd d emvn`ns täbtmbos in mjp`njnetdr dbbmoens y tdrnds d borto y jnimo p`dzo.48
9.1.4. Dbbmoens in` jdrkntmel opnrdtmvo Dbbmoens rn`dtmvds d proiubtos6
4>
(BOJS]JNHOQ, 134>) 1342)
48 (D`bdmin,
19
@dezdjmneto, joimhmbdbmòe (dbtud`mzdbmoens y jnfords) o n`mjmedbmòe in
proiubtos. Eunvo imsnôo, insdrro``o, brndbmòe brndb mòe o rnposmbmoedjmneto in jdrbd.
Joimhmbdbmòe in horjdto, bdjamos in jdtnrmd`ns, in imsnôo o in pdbkdlmel.
Meb`umr eunvos snrvmbmos dimbmoed`ns6 dtnebmòe d` b`mnetn, posvnetd, rnpdrdbmòe,
netrnld d iojmbm`mo, ntb. Dbbmoens rn`dtmvds d prnbmos6 Joimhmbdbmòe o dbtud`mzdbmòe in prnbmos.
Qninhmembmòe in `d nsbd`d in insbunetos.
Hdbm`midins ne hmedebmdbmòe y boeimbmoens in pdlo.
Dbbmoens rn`dtmvds d imstrmaubmòe y vnetds6 Joimhmbdbmoens o n`nbbmòe in eunvos bded`ns in imstrmaubmòe.
Enlobmdbmòe in `ds boeimbmoens boe bo e jdyormstds y intd``mstds.
Qniubmr n` bostn in trdesportn.
Jnfordr `os p`dzos in netrnld.
Djp`mdr o imsjmeumr eöjnro in vneiniorns.
Joimhmbdbmòe in zoed y rutds in vnetd.
Joimhmbdbmoens ne `d rntrmaubmòe in `os vneiniorns.
Dbbmoens rn`dtmvds d bojuembdbmòe6 Sua`mbmidi6 pnrmòimbos, rnvmstds, rdimo, tn`nvmsmòe, vd``ds pua`mbmtdrmds, ròtu`os,
bdtä`olos, ho``ntos, pua`mbmidi ne n` `uldr in vnetd (S@X), strnnt jdrkntmel, ntb. Srojobmòe in vnetds6 projobmoens, ohnrtds, prnjmos, boebursos, sortnos,
bupoens, junstrds lrdtms, rnadfds, pdrtmbmpdbmòe ne hnrmds in junstrds. Qn`dbmoens pöa`mbds6 pdtrobmemos, pua`mbmty, mjdlne sobmd`, orldemzdbmòe in
nvnetos y dbtmvmidins, ntb.
1>
Jdrkntmel imrnbto6 jdm`mel, n-jdm`mel, auzoeno, tn`njdrkntmel.
Dinjäs in `ds dbbmoens rn`dtmvds d proiubtos, prnbmos, bojuembdbmòe, imstrmaubmòe y vnetds, neboetrdjos n` lrupo in `ds dbbmoens pnrtnenbmnetns d` jueio imlmtd`. Inamio d su nxtnesmòe y d `d rn`nvdebmd qun gde diqumrmio ne `os ö`tmjos dôos, sn smtöde ne ue lrupo dpdrtn. @ds prmebmpd`ns dbbmoens in jdrkntmel imlmtd` soe6 pälmeds wna, RNO, RNJ, adeenrs, rni in dhm`mdios, `deimel pdln, rnins sobmd`ns, a`ols, jdrkntmel vmrd`, joam`n jdrkntmel, ntb. Bdid ued in `ds dbbmoens in jdrkntmel nstda`nbmids ne nstd ntdpd sn gd in meb`umr ne n` p`de in dbbmòe qun nstä bojpunsto por `d insbrmpbmòe in sbrmpbmòe in `d dbbmòe, hnbgd in membmo y hmed`mzdbmòe, pnrsoed rnspoesda`n y prnsupunsto in bdid dbbmòe. In nstd horjd sn boesmlun hdbm`mtdr `d dsmledbmòe in rnspoesdam`midins, p`dzos y dbtmvmidins, dinjäs in jnimdetn ued vmsmòe b`drd y orinedid, boetro`dr `d punstd ne jdrbgd in` p`de.
9.1.1. Dspnbtos bnetrd`ns in` jdrkntmel opnrdtmvo •
N`nbbmòe in ue snljneto oafntmvo
•
S`de in jdrkntmel (oafntmvos, posmbmoedjmneto, täbtmbd)
•
Srnsupunsto in jdrkntmel
•
Sunstd ne jdrbgd in` p`de y boetro`4. S@DE IN JDQKNYMEL ‐Ns ue iobujneto nsbrmto ne n` qun in horjd smstnjätmbd, prnvmd rnd`mzdbmòe in `os deä`msms y nstuimos, sn inhmene `os oafntmvos d boesnlumr ne ue probnso in tmnjpo intnrjmedio, dsê, bojo sn intd``de `os prolrdjds y jnimos in dbbmòe qun soe 47
prnbmsos pdrd d`bdezdr imbgos oafntmvos‚.
4<
(BOJS]JNHOQ, 134>) Rmstnjds Dijmemstrdtmvos. Sdl. 2
47 DMQD, @durd.
18
Sunins insdrro``drsn pdrd `d njprnsd ne su totd`midi, o amne pdrd ueo o vdrmds uemidins in enlobmo, `êend o `êends in proiubtos, proiubtos ne pdrtmbu`dr, jnrbdios o p`dzds lnolrähmbds. Run`ne Run `ne snr n`daordids pdrd n` borto p`dzo (ue dôo dô o ne lnenrd`). lnenrd`) . N` p`de in jdrkntmel ausbd in qun sn boebnetrne `ds vnetds qun ístds boestmtuyne ue mestrujneto in lnstmòe qun `olrn qun `d orldemzdbmòe sn didptn d` netoreo ne n` qun sn insdrro``ò prnsnetdeio ued vmsmòe oafntmvd in `d jntd.
>.4.
Ntdpds in` p`de in jdrkntmel
Ns mjposma`n dsnvnrdr qun nxmstd ue horjdto nspnbêhmbo ne `d n`daordbmòe y prnsnetdbmòe in ue p`de in jdrkntmel, ne adsn d `o inan imsnôdr snlöe sus enbnsmidins. Rme njadrlo, imvnrsos dutorns prnsnetde sus opbmoens n minds d` rnspnbto; `ds bud`ns sn smetntmzde ne `os smlumnetns puetos6
Qnsujne nfnbutmvo6 Ne nstd snbbmòe sn prnsnetd ue pdeordjd lnenrd` in `d propunstd in` p`de pdrd ued rnvmsmòe dijmemstrdtmvd. Ns ued snbbmòe in ued o ios pälmeds ioein sn insbrman nxp`mbd n` burso in` p`de. Nstä instmedio d `os nfnbutmvos qun qumnrne `ds lnenrd`midins in` p`de pnro eo enbnsmtde netnrdrsn in `os intd``ns.
Deä`msms in `d smtudbmòe in jnrbdiotnbemd6 Ne nstd snbbmòe in` p`de sn meb`uyn `d mehorjdbmòe jäs rn`nvdetn soarn `os smlumnetns puetos6
o
Rmtudbmòe in` Jnrbdio6 Dquê sn prnsnetde n m`ustrde idtos soarn su tdjdôo y brnbmjmneto (ne uemidins y/o vd`orns). Ydjamíe sn meb`uyn mehorjdbmòe soarn `ds enbnsmidins in` b`mnetn, pnrbnpbmoens y boeiubtd in bojprd.
1<
o
Rmtudbmòe in` Sroiubto6 Ne nstd pdrtn, sn junstrde `ds vnetds, prnbmos, järlnens in boetrmaubmòe y utm`midins entds, borrnspoeimnetns d dôos detnrmorns.
o
Rmtudbmòe Bojpntmtmvd6 Dquê sn minetmhmbd d `os prmebmpd`ns bojpntmiorns y sn `os insbrman ne tírjmeos in tdjdôo, jntds, pdrtmbmpdbmòe ne n` jnrbdio, bd`midi in sus proiubtos y nstrdtnlmds in jnrbdiotnbemd.
o
Rmtudbmòe in Imstrmaubmòe6 ne nstd pdrtn sn prnsnetd mehorjdbmòe soarn n` tdjdôo y `d mjportdebmd in bdid bded` in imstrmaubmòe.
o
Rmtudbmòe in Jdbro djamnetn6 Dquê sn insbrman `ds tneinebmds lnenrd`ns in` jdbro djamnetn (injolrähmbos, nboeòjmbds, tnbeo`òlmbds, po`êtmbo-`nld`ns y sobmobu`turd`ns), rn`dbmoedio boe n` huturo in `ds `êends in proiubto o proiubtos.
Deä`msms Hoid6 D6 ne nstd snbbmòe sn prnsnetd ue bojp`nto deä`msms ne n` qun minetmhmbd6
@ds prmebmpd`ns Oportuemidins y Djnedzds qun nehrnetd n` enlobmo y
@ds prmebmpd`ns Hortd`nzds y Inam`midins qun tmnen `d njprnsd y `os proiubtos
o
o
y/o snrvmbmos. @unlo sn inhmen `ds prmebmpd`ns D`tnredtmvds d `ds qun inan imrmlmrsn n` p`de.
Oafntmvos6 Ne nstn pueto sn nstda`nbne oafntmvos ne ios ruaros6
Oafntmvos hmedebmnros6 Sor nfnjp`o, oatnenr ued intnrjmedid tdsd deud` in
o
rneimjmneto soarn `d mevnrsmòe, proiubmr ued intnrjmedid utm`midi entd, proiubmr ue intnrjmedio h`ufo in bdfd, ntb.
o
Oafntmvos in jnrbdiotnbemd6 Ístn ns n` pueto ioein sn boevmnrtne `os oafntmvos hmedebmnros ne oafntmvos in jnrbdiotnbemd. Sor nfnjp`o, sm `d njprnsd insnd oatnenr d` jneos ue 43% in utm`midi entd soarn vnetds, netoebns sn inan nstda`nbnr bojo oafntmvo ued bdetmidi tdeto ne uemidins bojo ne vd`orns qun pnrjmtde oatnenr nsn jdrlne in utm`midi. Sor otrd pdrtn, sm sn nspnrd ued pdrtmbmpdbmòe ne n` jnrbdio in` >% ne uemidins, sn inane budirdr `os oafntmvos ne uemidins pdrd qun pnrjmtde `olrdr d nsn porbnetdfn. Otros oafntmvos in jnrbdiotnbemd soe 6 Oatnenr ue intnrjmedio porbnetdfn in
17
brnbmjmneto boe rn`dbmòe d` dôo detnrmor, ``nldr d ue intnrjmedio prnbmo in vnetd projnimo qun snd dbnptdio por n` jnrbdio jntd, `olrdr o mebrnjnetdr `d boebmnebmd in` boesujmior rnspnbto d `d jdrbd djp`mdr ne ue intnrjmedio porbnetdfn `os bnetros in imstrmaubmòe. imstrma ubmòe. Bdan snôd`dr qun `os oafntmvos deud`ns qun sn nstda`nbne ne n` p`de in jnrbdiotnbemd, inane boetrmaumr d qun sn boesmlde `ds jntds in `d orldemzdbmòe y `ds jntds nstrdtílmbds in jnrbdiotnbemd.
Nstrdtnlmds in jnrbdiotnbemd6 Ne nstd snbbmòe e sn gdbn ue aosqunfo djp`mo in `d nstrdtnlmd in jnrbdiotnbemd o ‐p`de in funlo‚. Sdrd n``o, sn punin
nspnbmhmbdr `os smlumnetns puetos6
o
o
o
N` jnrbdio jntd qun sn vd d sdtmshdbnr. N` posmbmoedjmneto qun sn vd d utm`mzdr. N` proiubto o `êend in proiubtos boe n` qun sn vd d `olrdr ue jdyor emvn` in sdtmshdbbmòe.
o
@os snrvmbmos qun sn vde d proporbmoedr d `os b`mnetns pdrd `olrdr ue jdyor emvn` in sdtmshdbbmòe.
o
N` prnbmo qun sn vd d boardr por n` proiubto y `ds mjp`mbdbmoens psmbo`òlmbds qun punine tnenr ne n` jnrbdio jntd (por nfnjp`o, ue proiubto in d`to prnbmo punin nstmju`dr d` snlumjmneto sobmonboeòjmbo jnimo-d`to y d`to d qun `o bojprn por n` snetmio in nxb`usmvmidi).
o
@os bded`ns in imstrmaubmòe qun sn vde d njp`ndr pdrd qun n` proiubto ``nlun d` jnrbdio jntd.
o
@d jnzb`d in projobmòe qun sn vd d utm`mzdr pdrd bojuembdr d` boesujmior jntd `d nxmstnebmd in` proiubto (por nfnjp`o, `d pua`mbmidi, `d vnetd pnrsoed`, `d projobmòe in vnetds, `ds rn`dbmoens pöa`mbds, n` jdrkntmel imrnbto).
Yíbembds in jnrbdiotnbemd6 Ydjamíe ``djdids prolrdjdids in dbbmòe, dbtmvmidins nspnbêhmbds o p`dens in dbbmòe, soe boebnamids pdrd nfnbutdr `ds prmebmpd`ns nstrdtnlmds in `d snbbmòe detnrmor.
Ne ntd snbbmòe sn rnspoein d `ds smlumnetns prnluetds6
1=
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Srolrdjds hmedebmnros6 Ne nstd snbbmòe, qun sn boeobn bojo tdjamíe ‐proynbto in nstdio in pírimids y utm`midins‚, sn deotd ios b`dsns in mehorjdbmòe6
o
N` ruaro in melrnsos qun junstrd `os proeòstmbos in vo`ujne in vnetds por uemidins y n` prnbmo projnimo in vnetd.
N` ruaro borrnspoeimnetn d ldstos qun junstrd `os bostos in proiubbmòe, imstrmaubmòe hêsmbd y in jnrbdiotnbemd, insl`osdios por bdtnlorêds. o
@d imhnrnebmd (melrnsos-nlrnsos) ns `d utm`midi proynbtdid. o Broeolrdjd6 Ne nstd snbbmòe, qun sn boeobn tdjamíe bojo bd`neidrmo, sn meb`uyn jubgds vnbns ue imdlrdjd pdrd rnspoeinr d `d prnluetd-budeio sn rnd`mzde `ds imvnrsds dbtmvmidins in jdrkntmel p`demhmbdids. Sdrd n``o sn punin meb`umr ued tda`d por snjdeds o jnsns ne n` qun sn meimbd b`drdjnetn budeio inan rnd`mzdrsn.
Joemtorno y Boetro`6 ne nstd snbbmòe, qun sn boeobn tdjamíe bojo probnimjmnetos in nvd`udbmòe, sn rnspoein d `ds prnluetds quí, qumíe, bòjo y budeio, boe rn`dbmòe d `d jnimbmòe in` insnjpnôo d `d `uz in `ds jntds, oafntmvos y dbtmvmidins p`demhmbdids ne n` p`de in jnrbdiotnbemd.4=
8.
S@DEMHMBDBMÒE NRYQDYÍLMBD
4= (Kot`nr,
Imrnbbmoe in Jnrbdiotnbemd, 1334)
23
N` probnso in `d p`demhmbdbmòe nstrdtílmbd in ue enlobmo o uemidins in enlobmo in ued njprnsd boesmstn ne ded`mzdr y insdrro``dr ne prohueimidi `os smlumnetns dspnbtos6 13 •
@d nstrdtnlmd in `d p`demhmbdbmòe nstrdtílmbd ns gdbnr dbtmvmidins in joio imstmeto.
•
N` jdedlnjnet, `d nstrubturd y `d tnbeo`olêd boeimbmoede d `d nstrdtnlmd.
•
@d nstrdtnlmd inan nstdr uambdid smnjprn in`detn in `d rnd`midi.
•
@d nstrdtnlmd inan meb`umr d` b`mnetn ne `d bdined in vd`or, in dbunrio d` smlumnetn nsqunjd6
13 (BOJS]JNHOQ,
Jdeud` in jdrkntmel, 134>)
24
Hunetn6 jdeud` in jdrkntmel6 B BOJS]JN OJS]JNHOQ HOQ Sua`msgni Sua`msgni oe Drlnetmed Drlnetmed Rnp 12, 134>6 pdl 44
pmns (43,8 j) d ued tnjpnrdturd in 1>.333 lrdios Hdrnegnmt (42.7.142.
Lrähmbo E¶1
>4
DBBNRO D MEYNQENY SOQ INSDQYDJNEYOR
Hunetn6 Mestmtuto Mestmtuto Edbmoed` in Nstdiêstmbd Nstdiêstmbd
Dsmjmsjo, ne Ao`mvmd sn rnlmstrdroe 43.9>3.294 `êends jòvm`ns y 3.294
Bguqumsdbd
92
>=9.88=
Sotosê
9849.3>7
>13.2=4
Ydrmfd
>31.=83
>23.>=.311
Rdetd Bruz
1.43
29>.3=> =1.748
298
Jdetnenr y ldedr b`mnetn`d ohrnbmneio proiubtos in bd`midi y iurdam`midi.
1.1. Bdrdbtnrêstmbds in `d njprnsd Dbtud`jnetn `d njprnsd eo bunetd boe ued nstrubturd horjd`jnetn nstda`nbmid, ns inbmr, qun `d mehorjdbmòe dbnrbd in `os punstos in trdadfo eo nstä iobujnetdid ne ue jdeud` in huebmoens qun nspnbmhmqune `ds tdrnds y dtrmaubmoens in` pnrsoed` qun metnlrde `d jmbronjprnsd. In dbunrio d `d netrnvmstd qun sn `n rnd`mzò d `d lnrnetn propmntdrmd `d njprnsd bunetd boe 41 trdadfdiorns, d`lueos soe trdadfdiorns detmluos y otros soe nvnetud`ns, tdjamíe sn puio nstda`nbnr qun ne `d nstrubturd orldemzdbmoed` nxmstne ios emvn`ns fnrärqumbos nstda`nbmios6 nn`` emvn` imrnbtmvo imr nbtmvo y n` emvn` opnrdtmvo, bojo sn junstrd ne n` smlumnetn orldemlrdjd6
Lrähmbo E¶9 OQLDEMLQDJD IN @D NJSQNRD LNQNEYN SQOSMNYDQMO BOEYDIOQ LNENQD@
JDNRYQOR BDQSMEYNQOR
JDNRYQOR IN DBDADIO N M@^RYQDIO
><
Hunetn6 N`daordbmòe N`daordbmòe propmd
@d rnspoesdam`midi in `ds huebmoens opnrdtmvds qunid d bdrlo in bdid njp`ndio por n` gnbgo in snr n` öembo rnspoesda`n in `d netrnld in `os proiubtos in` pnimio yd qun `os jdtnrmd`ns soe provmstos por `d lnrnetn in `d njprnsd in ued jdenrd memetnrrujpmid iurdetn toio n` probnso proiubtmvo. Qnspnbto d `d sn`nbbmòe in trdadfdiorns, `d lnrnetn in `d njprnsd jmin `d bdpdbmidi in n``os ne adsn d `d nxpnrmnebmd diqumrmid ne n` trdesburso in` tmnjpo trdadfdio, dinjäs qun `os jmsjos soe boetrdtdios d joio in prunad por ue intnrjmedio pnrmoio in tmnjpo boe n` hme in boeobnr sus gdam`midins tdeto pdrd n` jdenfo in jdqumedrmd bojo tdjamíe in `os rnbursos jdtnrmd`ns n mesujos. Otro hdbtor brubmd` qun ns tojdio ne bunetd por `d njprnsd ns n` dbdao in` juna`n ne budeto d` intd``n.
Jmsmòe @d bdrpmetnrêd y juna`nrêd eo tmnen inhmemid ued jmsmòe, pnro sn gd poimio oasnrvdr qun nstäe nehobdios ne sdtmshdbnr `ds enbnsmidins in `os b`mnetns boe proiubtos in bd`midi, iurda`ns, por `o qun ns prmormtdrmo nstda`nbnr `d jmsmòe pdrd `d njprnsd.
Xmsmòe D` mlud` qun `d jmsmòe `d njprnsd eo posnn ued vmsmòe, pnro tmnen `d metnebmòe in djp`mdr sus mestd`dbmoens y n` ärnd in vnetd ne eunvos jnrbdios, por `o qun ns urlnetn inhmemr`ds boebrntdjnetn yd qun n``o smrvn in luêd d `d njprnsd.
1.2. Insbrmpbmòe y deä`msms in `ds `êends in proiubbmòe Ne budeto d `d proiubbmòe in `d njprnsd nstd ohrnbn ios `êends in proiubtos pdrd n` goldr y proiubtos in ohmbmed, y toio `o qun sn rnhmnrn d trdadfos ne jdinrd.
>7
Budiro E¶9 @ÊENDR IN SQOI^BYOR IN @D NJSQNRD HDINJ^Y SQOI^BYOR
SDQD
GOLDQ
N@
SQOI^BYOR
SDQD
OHMBMEDR
Funlo in iorjmtormo
Nsbrmtormos
Funlo in `mvmel
Nstdetns
Bojniorns
@marnros
Sunrtds, vnetdeds
Jnsds
Qopnros
Rm``ds
Xmtrmeds
Xmtrmeds
D`dbneds
Jdjpdrds
Adrns
Nsqumenros
Nsqumenros Boeso`ds
Lrdids
Yobdiorns
Fdjads
Hunetn6 N`daordbmòe N`daordbmòe Sropmd
In dbunrio d `os rnlmstros in vnetds ne `ds lnstmoens detnrmorns sn punin eotdr qun in nstds ios `êends in proiubtos, `d qun jäs injdeid oatmnen ns `d `êend in proiubtos pdrd n` goldr.
1.9. Deä`msms in `ds vdrmda`ns qun mebmine ne n` bojportdjmneto in `ds vnetds in `d ‐Bdrpmetnrêd y Juna`nrêd HDINJ^Y‚ Sdrd í` insdrro``o in` deä`msms in` djamnetn sn nstuimdrd dqun``os hdbtorns in jdyor rn`nvdebmd pdrd `d njprnsd, qun mebmine in jdenrd imrnbtd n meimrnbtd ne `d injdeid
>=
in `os imhnrnetns proiubtos n`daordios y in nstd jdenrd minetmhmbdr hd`nebmds qun punide mebmimr ne `d injdeid in nstd njprnsd, ne nstn snetmio sn ded`mzd6 B`mnetns
Srovnniorns Bojpntmiorns
Sroiubtos sustmtutos y bojp`njnetdrmos
Bojnrbmd`mzdbmòe y vnetds
1.9.4. B`mnetns @os prmebmpd`ns b`mnetns qun injdeide `os proiubtos y snrvmbmos in `d Bdrpmetnrêd y Juna`nrêd HDINJ^Y soe6 Snrsoeds meimvmiud`ns
Hdjm`mds; pdrd `d hdarmbdbmòe in punrtds, bdjds, vmtrmed, `mvmel, ntb.
Njprnsds; pdrd `d hdarmbdbmòe in nstdetns, jostrdiorns, jòiu`os, ntb.
Budeio `os b`mnetns gdbne n` pnimio in `os juna`ns in dbunrio d sus lustos y
prnhnrnebmds `d njprnsd rnd`mzd ue boetrdto prmvdio boe n` b`mnetn ioein sn dbunrid n` prnbmo totd` in` pnimio y `d horjd in pdlo, yd snd d` bríimto o d` boetdio, bojo sn junstrd ne n` denxo E¶>. Rnlöe `o intnrjmedio por `d lnrnetn propmntdrmd, `d njprnsd eo bunetd boe ue
rnlmstro in `ds vnetds qun rnd`mzd, yd qun gdy juna`ns qun sn vneine imrnbtdjnetn ne tmneid y eo smnjprn bojprde boe hdbturd, ns por `o tdeto qun eos armeiò idtos projnimo dbnrbd in `ds vnetds in `os ios ö`tmjos dôos bojo sn junstrd ne n` smlumnetn budiro6
Budiro E¶> XNEYD SOQ @ÊEND IN SQOI^BYOR (Nxprnsdio ne Ao`mvmdeos) pnrmoio proiubto
1348(as)
1343.333
423.333
173.333
>>%
413.333
443.333
123.333
9>%
143.333
433%
n`
goldr(as) 1)Sroiubtos pdrd ohmbmed(as) Yotd`ns (as)
N`daordbmòe Sropmd Hunetn6 N`daordbmòe Sropmd nevdsn d idtos in `d ‐Bdrp ‐Bdrpmetnrêd metnrêd y Juna`nrêd HDINJ^Y‚ HDINJ^Y‚
In dbunrio d `d netrnvmstd rnd`mzdid d `d lnrnetn propmntdrmd `os proiubtos qun jäs sn vneine soe `os proiubtos pdrd n` goldr, y `d jdyorêd in `ds vnetds qun rnd`mzd `d njprnsd soe por pnimios y ne jneor bdetmidi in `os juna`ns qun soe nxgmamios ne `d tmneid in `d njprnsd, `d bud` sdtmshdbn `d enbnsmidi lneírmbd in bojoimidi ne juna`ns pdrd n` goldr dinjäs in toio trdadfo ne jdinrd.
Lrdhmbd E¶> Imstrmaubmòe Sorbnetud` por `êend in proiubto
9>%
Goldr >>%
Ohmbmed
84
Hunetn6 N`daordbmòe N`daordbmòe propmd nevdsn d `d mehorjdbm mehorjdbmòe òe rnqunrmid
Bojo injunstrd `d tda`d y `d hmlurd detnrmor `ds vnetds in `d `êend in proiubtos pdrd n` goldr rnprnsnetde n` >>% jmnetrds qun pdrd `d `êend in proiubtos pdrd ohmbmed pdrtmbmpd boe ue 9>%. @ds vnetds in `d ‐Bdrpmetnrêd y Juna`nrêd HDINJ^Y‚ ne `ds ios ö`tmjds lnstmoens, detns rnhnrmids sn rnh`nfde ne `ds smlumnetns tda`ds, `ds bud`ns smrvmnroe tdjamíe pdrd dlrupdr `ds vnetds in `d njprnsd netrn `ds ios `êends in proiubbmòe6
Budiro E¶8 Xnetds Lnstmòe 1348 (Nxprnsdio ne Ao`mvmdeos) ^emidins Xneimids
Ne Ao`mvmdeos(as)
Nstdetn pdrd `maros
7
43.>1>
Funlo in iorjmtormo
9
41.333
Funlo in bojnior
=
42.833
Bdjds
7
7.333
Juna`ns in bobmed
7
48.333
Nsbrmtormo
9
43.>33
Funlo in `mvmel
1
43.333
Sroiubto
81
Joiu`dr
8
14.2>3
Qopnros
41
28.333
Xmtrmeds
8
47.333
Otros Yrdadfos
1>3
249.31>
Yotd`
24<
9.333
Funlo in bojnior
<
2.>33
Bdjds
7
7.333
Juna`ns in bobmed
7
48.333
Nsbrmtormos
2
2.133
82
Funlo in `mvmel
>
4>.333
Joiu`dr
>
43
Qopnros
43
13.333
Xmtrmeds
9
43.333
Otros trdadfos
131
44=.973
Yotd`
182
993.333
Hunetn6 N `daordbmòe `daordbmòe propmd ne adsn d idtos in `d ‐bdrpmetnrêd y juna`nrêd HDINJ^Y‚ HDINJ^Y‚
Ne `d lnstmòe 134< `os proiubtos jäs vneimios hunroe netrn punrtds y vnetdeds snlumids por `os imhnrnetns juna`ns pdrd n` goldr bojo funlos in iorjmtormo, funlos in bojnior, jmnetrds tdeto qun `d `êend in proiubtos pdrd ohmbmed sn instdbd `os nstdetns snlumios por `os nsbrmtormos.
1.9.1. Srovnniorns Ne dôos detnrmorns `ds bdrpmetndrêds ne lnenrd`, sn dadstnbêde in jdtnrmd prmjd in provnniorns mehorjd`ns, `unlo in `d proju`ldbmòe in `d eunvd `ny hornstd`, h ornstd`, `o gdbne in dsnrrdinros `nld`jnetn nstda`nbmios ne `d bmuidi in Ydrmfd, `d lnrnetn propmntdrmd bojprd `d jdtnrmd prmjd qun ns `d jdinrd in adrrdbds y ne pobos bdsos in `d lnetn in` bdjpo qun vmnen d vneinr su jdinrd. Ns mjportdetn tnenr provnniorns in eunstro pdês, nsto smlemhmbd qun sn proporbmoede hunetns in njp`no ne n` pdês.
89
Ne ued netrnvmstd boe `d lnrnetn sn puio boeobnr qun `os provnniorns jäs usud`ns, tdeto in jdinrd bojo in otros mesujos qun utm`mzdios pdrd `d hdarmbdbmòe in `os juna`ns soe `os smlumnetns6
Adrrdbds Bojnrbmd` Bmjd
Bojnrbmd` Bnbm`md Jdr
Bojnrbmd` Qojmed
Bojnrbmd` Borenfo
1.9.2. Bojpntnebmd Dbtud` @os bojpntmiorns dbtud`ns in `d ‐Bdrpmetnrêd y Juna`nrêd HDINJ^Y‚ soe `ds injäs
bdrpmetnrêds uambdids ne n` jmsjo äjamto lnolrähmbo y `os hdarmbdetns in proiubtos in jdinrd qun ``nlde d `d bmuidi insin n` nxtnrmor n metnrmor in` pdês d rnd`mzdr su bojnrbmd`mzdbmòe, `d lnrnetn propmntdrmd boesminrd qun sus bojpntmiorns jäs mjportdetns soe `os qun sn jnebmoede d boetmeudbmòe6
Budiro E¶7 BOJSNYNEBMD IMQNBYD NJSQNRDR
^AMBDBMÒE
Juna`nrêd BMJD YDQMFD
Bnrbdio-Ydrmfd
Juna`nrêd MANJD
Bnrbdio ‒ Ydrmfd Ydrmfd
T^N J^NA@NR
BNQBDIO-YDQMFD
Hunetn6 N`daordbmòe N`daordbmòe propmd
@ds bdrpmetnrêds jnebmoedids detnrmorjnetn soe ued djnedzd pdrd `d ‐Bdrpmetnrêd y Juna`nrêd HDINJ^Y‚ yd qun ohrnbne proiubtos in `d jmsjd vdrmnidi, nsto brnd ued
bojpntnebmd imrnbtd ne n` jnrbdio Ydrmfnôo.
8>
Bojo tdjamíe sus bojpntmiorns soe toids `ds njprnsds y jmbronjprnsds qun nstäe dsobmdids d BDINSMD y `ds bdrpmetnrêds mehorjd`ns qun nxmstne ne `d bmuidi in Ydrmfd. Rn punio ded`mzdr qun `d bojpntnebmd d `d bud` sn nehrnetd `d ‐Bdrpmetnrêd y Juna`nrêd HDINJ^Y‚ guao ue mebrnjneto smlemhmbdtmvo ne `ds bdrpmetnrêds
mehorjd`ns yd qun nstds eo bujp`ne boe `os rnqumsmtos `nld`ns nstda`nbmios y in nstd jdenrd ohrnbne sus proiubtos d ue bosto jneor. Nstd smtudbmòe pdrnbn meh`umr ne n` bojportdjmneto in `ds vnetds por budeto d`lueos b`mnetns ``nlde d diqumrmr `os proiubtos in `ds bdrpmetnrêds porqun sus proiubtos soe in prnbmos adfos. Ne `os ö`tmjos dôos guao ue lrde brnbmjmneto in jmbronjprnsds qun sn brndroe ne nstn jmsjo ruaro, in dbunrio d idtos in BDINSMD `ds njprnsds dsobmdids ne `os ö`tmjos dôos suamò in 1= ne n` 1348 d >3 njprnsds ne n` 13433-7.333
in Sdês Bmjd
2.33-7.333
9.>33-=.>33
9.333-7.333
Yd``nrns mehorjd`ns
1.>33
1.333-9.333
4.>33->.333
4.333-9.333
Hunetn6 N`daordbmòe N`daordbmòe propmd
1.9.>. Bojnrbmd`mzdbmòe y vnetds @d nebdrldid in `d bojnrbmd`mzdbmòe y vnetd in `os juna`ns n` lnrnetn propmntdrmd, `d bud` eo bunetd boe boeobmjmnetos dbnrbd in bòjo projobmoedr sus proiubtos, `o bud` meh`uyn ne lrde jdenrd ne `d vnetd in `os proiubtos y in gdbnr qun `d njprnsd snd jäs boeobmid. In dbunrio boe `d netrnvmstd qun sn rnd`mzò d `d lnrnetn propmntdrmd, `ds vnetds ne `os ö`tmjos dôos gde adfdio boesminrda`njnetn. N` Ympo in Dbtmvmidi sn bmrbuesbrman d rnd`mzdr `d ohnrtd y vnetd in proiubtos, pdrd `o bud` sn dp`mbd ios nehoquns in proiubbmòe, vd`n inbmr sn tmnen boebnptud`mzdio qun sn tmnen qun proiubmr pdrd vneinr dinjäs in pnimios n imhnrnetns proiubtos.
8<
@d bojnrbmd`mzdbmòe pdrd `d ‐Bdrpmetnrêd y Juna`nrêd HDINJ^Y‚ sn punin insbrmamr
d trdvís in bmnrtds bdrdbtnrêstmbds, por nfnjp`o `ds inbmsmoens qun proiubmr ne ue =3 % tojd ne boesminrdbmòe ne lusto y enbnsmidins in` b`mnetn, `o qun sn punin boehroetdr boe `os pnimios meimvmiud`ns o boesujmiorns imrnbtos, smneto n` `uldr in vnetd `d dlnebmd bnetrd`, inamio d `d bojoimidi y n` `uldr nstrdtílmbo yd qun gdy jäs dh`unebmd in pnrsoeds. Inetro in `os tmpos in mehorjdbmòe qun soe rnqunrmios por `d lnrnetn propmntdrmd, nstä n` rnhnrmio d boeobnr lustos y bdrdbtnrêstmbds in `os b`mnetns pdrd poinr so`ubmoedr sus proa`njds in pobd b`mnetn`d, boeobnr prnbmos in proiubtos smjm`drns, tdjamíe ns mjportdetn `d enbnsmidi in mehorjdbmòe soarn `os bostos in jdtnrmds prmjds n mesujos d emvn` `obd` y edbmoed`.
1.9.8. Otros idtos in `d njprnsd Yrdesportn
N` trdesportn qun utm`mzd `d ‐Bdrpmetnrêd y Juna`nrêd HDINJ^Y‚ pdrd n` trds`dios in
sus proiubtos hmed`ns d su tmneid in vnetd, ns ue vngêbu`o in uso pnrsoed` n` bud` ns utm`mzdio pdrd n` trds`dio in juna`ns pnqunôos; sme njadrlo pdrd n` trds`dio in juna`ns jäs lrdeins utm`mzd snrvmbmos in trdesportn prmvdio. D`jdbnens
@d ‐Bdrpmetnrêd y Juna`nrêd HDINJ^Y‚ bunetd boe ios djamnetns in
d`jdbnedjmneto, ueo ns su pueto in vnetd ioein punin ohrnbnr sus proiubtos tnrjmedios, n` bud` ns ue nspdbmo rniubmio pdrd nxpoenr `d vdrmnidi in sus proiubtos. ] n` otro djamnetn sn nebunetrd d`nfdio in su tmneid prmebmpd` yd yd qun ns enbnsdrmo tnenr ue djamnetn d`nfdio in` bnetro in `d bumidi pdrd `d n`daordbmòe in sus
87
proiubtos, nstn sn nebunetrd uambdio ne su iojmbm`mo ioein utm`mzd n` >3% in su propmnidi, ioein insbdrld `d jdtnrmd prmjd y otros mesujos qun enbnsmtd pdrd `d n`daordbmòe in sus proiubtos, n` otro >3% in` nspdbmo ns utm`mzdio bojo su vmvmneid. Jdtnrmd prmjd
@d jdtnrmd prmjd nsnebmd`jnetn ns `d jdinrd, in `d qun sn oatmnen ue proiubto qun qunid inhmemio por `d bd`midi y n` tmpo in mesujo. @d bdrpmetnrêd diqumnrn `os tda`oens in jdinrd in imvnrsos provnniorns. @ds prmebmpd`ns jdtnrmds prmjds qun utm`mzd `d bdrpmetnrêd soe6 Jdinrd in Bniro
Jdinrd in Qoa`n
Jnfor snrêd qun `os provnniorns in jdtnrmd prmjd in` met metnrmor nrmor in` pdês nstda`nzbde ued subursd` ne `d bmuidi in Ydrmfd pdrd hdbm`mtdr `d bojprd in` jdtnrmd`. Mesujos
@os provnniorns in mesujos soe prmebmpd`jnetn `ds hnrrntnrêds y `os enlobmos inimbdios d `d vnetd in pmeturd. @d njprnsd in nstuimo utm`mzd `os smlumnetn mesujos pdrd su n`daordbmòe in juna`ns juna`n s qun sn intd``d ne n` Budiro E¶43.
BudiroyE¶43 Mesujos in `d ‐Bdrpmetnrêd Juna`nrêd HDINJ^Y‚ Mesujos Xnenstds Dl`ojnrdios Ymetns Ydpmbns @mfds Adremz Rn``dior Qmn`ns Fd`diorns Snreos
8=
H unet unetn n6 N`daordbmòe propmd
@os mesujos soe enbnsdrmos pdrd n` tnrjmedio in` proiubto, ne bdso in qun ``nldrd d hd`tdr ueo in ístos, provobdrêd `d injord in` proiubto tnrjmedio. Ns por nso qun `d juna`nrêd y bdrpmetnrêd enbnsdrmdjnetn inan boetdr boe mesujos d imsposmbmòe porqun budeio jäs `o enbnsmtn punin snr qun `ds hnrrntnrêds, tmneids in pmeturd y adrembns eo nstíe dtneimneio o eo tnelde n` n ` mesujo enbnsdrmo.
Rujmemstros in ohmbmed
Ne budeto sujmemstros in ohmbmed, `d bdrpmetnrêd ne su ohmbmed prmebmpd` bunetd boe6
Nsbrmtormo
Rm``ds
Bojputdiord
Yn`íhoeo
Mjprnsord
Yd`oedrmo in Hdbturds
Dlneid
bn`u`dr
Ns mjportdetn n` uso in sujmemstros in ohmbmed inamio d qun soe gnrrdjmnetds aäsmbds pdrd n` inamio huebmoedjmneto in `d njprnsd, n` uso in` tn`íhoeo y/o bn`u`dr ns meimspnesda`n yd qun `os b`mnetns poiräe rnd`mzdr sus pnimios o boesu`tdr d`lued iuid o mequmntui qun tnelde; n` uso in `d hdbturd ns oa`mldtormo ne `ds njprnsds yd qun sm ued njprnsd eo trmautd borrnbtdjnetn poirêd vnrsn dhnbtdid nboeòjmbdjnetn.
d 89 dôos, yd qun nstds pnrsoeds soe `ds qun bunetde boe jäs posmam`midins in diqumrmr nstos juna`ns in jdinrd. Sdrd n` bä`bu`o in` tdjdôo in `d junstrd sn utm`mzò n` junstrno proadam`êstmbo qun pnrjmtn hueidjnetd`jnetn qun toios `os n`njnetos qun metnlrde d `d poa`dbmòe tnelde `d jmsjd proadam`midi in horjdr pdrtn in `d junstrd.
2.2.4. Inhmembmòe in `d poa`dbmòe Sdrd rnd`mzdr `d smlumnetn mevnstmldbmòe sn tojdrd ne bunetd n` eöjnro in gdamtdetns in` ärnd uradeo in `d provmebmd Bnrbdio in` Inpdrtdjneto in Ydrmfd boe ue rdelo in nidi in 1> d 89 dôos, í` bunetd boe %:4.=8 Nrror
n:>%
2.2.2. Nfnbubmòe in` probnso in junstrno
% y ue 23% mjportdetn, por `o qun sn punin inbmr qun ns ueo in `os hdbtorns qun `d poa`dbmòe boesminrd in jubgd mjportdebmd; tnemneio ue vd`or in 3% ne pobo mjportdetn y edid mjportdetn.
BD@MIDI SOQBNEYDFN HQDBBMÒE
SOQBNEYDFN DB^J^@DIO
Edid mjportdetn
3
3
3
Sobo mjportdetn
3
3
3
Meimhnrnetn
7
>,77
>,77
1<
4=,7>
1>,
Meimhnrnetn Mjportdetn
98 <
22,71 >,4>
=4,47 =8,21
>
2,87
433
428
433,33
Juy mjportdetn YOYD@
9% >%
Edid mjportdetn Sobo mjportdetn
29% 29%
Meimhnrnetn Mjportdetn
12%
Juy mjportdetn
Qnhnrnetn d` hdbtor in jdrbd `d jdyorêd ne ue 29% sn jostrdroe meimhnrnetns o edid mjportdetn, ue 12% `o boesminrò bojo pobo mjportdetn y `os rnstdetns `o boesminrdroe bojo mjportdetn bojo juy mjportdetn.
2. Rnlöe su enbnsmidi y d`bdebn nboeòjmbo ustni n`mln juna`ns in HQNB^NEBMD SOQBQEYDFN SOQBNEYDFN DB^J^@DIO Juna`ns in jdinrd
8<
9=,18
9=,18
,1=
79,>8
Juna`ns in jntd`
<
>,4>
7=,%
Juna`ns in jdinrd
9=%
Juna`ns in jn`demed 28%
Juna`ns in jntd` Juna`ns in p`ästmbo
In` totd` in nebunstdios ue 9=% jostro su prnhnrnebmd por `os juna`ns in jdinrd, ue 28% por `os juna`ns in jn`demed, smneio nstos `os jäs prnhnrmios, jmnetrds qun `os in p`ästmbo y jntd` so`o ``nlde d ue 43% y >% rnspnbtmvdjnetn.
9. In `d opbmòe n`nlmid detnrmorjnetn, buä` in nstos hdbtorns nspnrdrêd in nstn proiubto HQNB^NEBMD SOQBNEYDFN SOQBNEYDFN DB^J^@DIO Bojoimidi y huebmoed`midi
>8
94,47
94,47
=
84,. Jdrqun snlöe su brmtnrmo `d dbnptdbmòe in `os juna`ns in jdinrd ne rn`dbmòe d `os juna`ns in jn`demed. Iurdbmòe SOQBNEYDFN HQDBBMÒE Jd`d
SOQBNEYDFN 3
DB^J^@DIO 3
3
73
>
2,87
2,87
Auned
43
44,32
Juy auned
>7
91,8>
>2,87
82 428
98,21 433
433
Qnlu`dr
Nxbn`netn YOYD@
9% ,1=
94,=4
Auned
>8
94,47
72,3=
Juy auned
42
=,>8
=1,8>
Nxbn`netn
43
433
74
428
YOYD@
% bojo rnlu`dr d `d gord in rnd`mzdr su bojprd.
Nstítmbd HQDBBMÒE
SOQBNEYDFN
SOQBNEYDFN DB^J^@DIO
Jd`d
47
42,19
42,19
Qnlu`dr
28
18,9<
2=,
77,=<
Nxbn`netn
4>
44,32
433
YOYD@
428
433
71
44%
42%
Jd`d Qnlu`dr
13% 1
>
2,87
12,>2
Srnesd
4>
44,32
29,>8
Snrsoeds
83
99,41
14%
13%
Qnins sobmd`ns 9%
Yn`nvmsmòe
44%
Srnesd Snrsoeds
99%
Otros
Ne budeto d` jnimo in mehorjdbmòe d` b`mnetn soarn juna`nrêds y bdrpmetnrêds sn boestdtò qun ne ue 99% sn mehorjde jnimdetn pnrsoeds, ue 14% jnimdetn otros jnimos, ue 13% jnimdetn `ds rnins sobmd`ns, nsto inamio d qun eo nxmstn jubgd pua`mbmidi in `ds juna`nrêds y bdrpmetnrêds.
2,87
2,87
@uldrns in vnetd Jnimos in bojuembdbmòe
97 =
2>,1= 8,81
27,=< 9>,>=
Boesu`td d sus hdjm`mdrns
24
11,
Boesu`td d nxpnrtos
43
433
428
433
YOYD@
78
%
Boesu`td d sus hdjm`mdrns 12%
% in `os nebunstdios vmsmtde `uldrns in vnetd pdrd `d postnrmor n`nbbmòe in bojprd, snlumio por ue 19% y 12% rnspnbtmvdjnetn qun boesu`td boe djmlos y hdjm`mdrns.
7.
D` jojneto in rnd`mzdr `d bojprd in ue juna`n, qun tde mjportdetn ns pdrd ^i. @d netrnld d iojmbm`mo. HQDBBMÒE SOQBNEYDFN SOQBNEYDFN DB^J^@DIO
Edid mjportdetn
2
1,14
1,14
Sobo mjportdetn
<
>,4>
Meimhnrnetn Mjportdetn
12 98
48,=4 22,71
19,18 >7,3=
Juy mjportdetn
><
94,=4
433,33
428
433
YOYD@
7<
1% >% 4,,
Eo
434
Juy Auneos Auneos
11 =
28,8< 4>
74,8< =8,8<
Qnlu`dr
1
2,22
433
83
433
2%
Nxbn`netns
4>%
Juy Auneos
9>%
Auneos 2% imfnroe qun soe auneos, n` 2% jdemhmnstde qun soe nxbn`netns.
1. Boesminrd qun `os prnbmos qun tmnene `d ‐Bdrpmetnrêd y Juna`nrêd HDINJ^Y‚ por `os proiubtos qun ohrnbn ne rn`dbmòe d `d bojpntnebmd
soe6 HQNB^NEBMD SOQBNEYDFN SOQBNEYDFN DB^J^@DIO N`nvdios
4>
1>
1>
Mlud`ns
2=
8>
=3
=3
Adrdtos
8
43
83
433
433
43% 1>%
N`nvdios Mlud`ns Adrdtos
8>%
N` 43% in `ds pnrsoeds nebunstdids nxprnsdroe qun `os prnbmos soe adrdtos, n` 1>% qun soe jäs n`nvdios qun `d bojpntnebmd y n` 8>% imfnroe qun `os prnbmos soe mlud`ns ne rn`dbmòe d `d bojpntnebmd.
2. In ue porbnetdfn in` 4 d` > ¿Buäeto `n bd`mhmbdrêd ustni d `ds rnspoesdam`midi y tmnjpo in netrnld in` proiubto6 HQNB^NEBMD SOQBNEYDFN SOQBNEYDFN DB^J^@DIO 2,22
Edid Qnspoesda`n
1
2,22
Sobo Qnspoesda`n
>
7,22
44,8<
Meimhnrnetn
2
>
48,8<
Qnspoesda`n
18
92,22
83
Juy Qnspoesda`n
19
93
433
Yotd`
83
433
=4
Edid Qnspoesda`n Sobo Qnspoesda`n
2% 7% >%
Meimhnrnetn
93%
Qnspoesda`n Juy Qnspoesda`n
99%
N` 99% in `os nebunstdios imnroe bd`mhmbdroe bojo rnspoesda`n `d netrnld in `os pnimios, n` 93% bd`mhmbdroe bojo b ojo juy rnspoesda`n, y sò`o n` 7% y n` 2% bd`mhmbdroe d `d njprnsd bojo pobo rnspoesda`n y edid rnspoesda`n rnspnbtmvdjnetn.
9. Bòjo bd`mhmbd ustni `d bd`midi in `os proiubtos qun ohrnbn `d ‐Bdrpmetnrêd y Juna`nrêd HDINJ^Y‚
HQNB^NEBMD SOQBNEYDFN SOQBNEYDFN DB^J^@DIO Juy auned
22
>>
>>
Auned bd`midi Adfd bd`midi
18 4
92,22 4,8<
=7,22 433,33
Jd`d bd`midi
3
3
433,33
83
433
=1
1%
Juy auned
92% >>%
Auned bd`midi Adfd bd`midi Jd`d bd`midi
N` 1% in `ds pnrsoeds nebunstdids jdemhnstdroe qun bd`mhmbde d `os proiubtos y snrvmbmos qun ohrnbn `d bdrpmetnrêd in adfd bd`midi, n` 92% bd`mhmbdroe bojo auned bd`midi, y n` >>% bd`mhmbdroe in juy auned bd`midi.
>. Bòjo brnn ustni qun ns `d uambdbmòe in `d ‐Bdrpmetnrê d y Juna`nrêd HDINJ^Y‚
HQNB^NEBMD SOQBNEYDFN SOQBNEYDFN DB^J^@DIO Nxbn`netn
43
48,8<
48,8<
Juy auned
41
13
28,8<
Auned
11
28,8<
7,222
433
83
433
=2
7%
4%, y `d probninebmd in` jdtnrmd` boebnamio bojo bd`midi in` juna`n `o boesminrde ne ue . @os boesujmiorns prnhmnrne ue juna`n in jdinrd por su d`td iurdam`midi y rnsmstnebmd, netrn `d jdinrd in jdyor prnhnrnebmd sn nebunetrd n` bniro bojo jdtnrmd prmjd in jdyor prnhnrnebmd.
8. Ne budeto d `os jnimo in mehorjdbmòe qun utm`mzde pdrd mehorjdrsn `os boesujmiorns potnebmd`ns sn nebunetrd `d pua`mbmidi pnrsoed` ns inbmr por rnbojneidbmòe y `ds rnins sobmd`ns ne jdyor hrnbunebmd. y 28,8 j in `drlo y 1j in debgo bdid ueo, n` jmsjo qun tneirä ue bosto in 4333 As.
Bojo sn punin dprnbmdr dprnbmd r ne n` budiro sulnrmio `n id ued jnfor dpdrmnebmd d `d njprnsd sujäeio`n bd`midi y imhnrnebmäeio`d in `ds injäs in nstn ruaro. @o qun sn prntnein ``nldr smlumneio nstn tmpo in rn join`djmneto ns posmbmoedr n` eojarn in `d njprnsd ne `d jnetn in` b`mnetn ns por nso qun eo sn utm`mzd jubgds mjälnens qun opdqune n` eojarn in `d njprnsd.
Optmjmzdbmòe in` probnso in bojprd b ojprd
@os b`mnetns sn vde por n` injdsmdio tmnjpo tmnjpo in nspnrd budeio `d iunôd nstä obupdid. Ne bdso in qun n` nebdrldio nebdrldio nstä dtneimneio d otro b`mnetn `ds pnrsoeds qun nspnrde tneiräe d `d imsposmbmòe bdtä`olos pdrd qun n``os punide mr vmneio d` jmsjo tmnjpo pdrd qun punide tnenr ued ued jnfor mehorjdbmòe in `os proiubtos qun ohrnbn ohrnbn `d njprnsd. N` jdtnrmd` vmsud` qun sn `n ohrnbnrä d` b`mnetn jmnetrds nspnrd tneirä `ds smlumnetns bdrdbtnrêstmbds6
Imsnôo6 tneirä `d jdyor nspnbmhmbdbmòe posma`n ne budeto d `os imsnôos in `os imhnrnetns juna`ns qun `d njprnsd punin imsnôdr y `os qun tmnen d imsposmbmòe mejnimdtd, in `os bud`ns dyuidrd d `os b`mnetns d poinr tojdr ued inbmsmòe jäs b`drd ne budeto d su pnimio.
Hotolrdhêds6 sn jostrdräe hotolrdhêds ``djdtmvds in `os proiubtos jäs injdeidios injdeidios yd snd qun sn tneld d imsposmbmòe o pdrd pnimio, insin `os prnbmos jäs nboeòjmbos gdstd `os jäs n`nvdios, nehobdio ne n` prnbmo y imsnôo in` proiubto tnrjmedio.
Ymnjpo In Srnpdrdbmòe6 ns juy mjportdetn dôdimr n` tmnjpo qun iurdrä `d n`daordbmòe in` pnimio, n` jmsjo qun snrä intnrjmedio netrn djads pdrtns (ohnrtdetn y injdeidetn), yd qun nstn tmnjpo eo inanrä nxbninr in `o nstda`nbmio y in nstd jdenrd bujp`mr boe n` b`mnetn.
4.2.1. Nstrdtnlmd in snljnetdbmòe Ne nstn nstuimo sn optò por dp`mbdr `d nstrdtnlmd in imhnrnebmdbmòe; ns inbmr qun `d njprnsd ohrnbn proiubtos o jdrbds didptdios d `ds enbnsmidins in sus snljnetos oafntmvos utm`mzdeio imhnrnetns p`dens in jdrkntmel o imhnrnetns nstrdtnlmds in jdrkntmel pdrd bdid ueo in sus snljnetos. snljnetos. N` oafntmvo oafnt mvo ns qun sn d`bdebn d`b debn ued tdsd in pnentrdbmòe pnentrdbm òe n`nvdid ne `os imhnrnetn imhnrnetnss snljnetos in` jnrbdio.
@d ‐Bdrpmetnrêd y Juna`nrêd HDINJ^Y‚ gd n`nlmio imrmlmr su joam`mdrmo d ue snbtor
nboeòjmbo, ioein sn nstda`nzbd `d jdrbd por `d bd`midi, aune imsnôo, prnbmo bojpntmtmvo, y `d iurdam`midi in `os juna`ns qun proiubn. Ns ued in `ds nstrdtnlmds jäs vnetdfosds, puns nxmstne imhnrnetns lrupos in boesujmiorns. Rme njadrlo, bojo boetrd nstä n` ldsto dimbmoed` qun supoen tnenr qun nstda`nbnr imhnrnetns jítoios in vnetd pdrd bdid lrupo. Ne nstn bdso `d nstrdtnlmd in snljnetdbmòe snljnetdbmòe sn imvmimò ne trns t rns ntdpds6 • Ne `d prmjnrd Ntdpd `d ‐Bdrpmetnrêd y Juna`nrêd HDINJ^Y‚ HDINJ^Y‚ instmedrä
nshunrzos prmebmpd`jnetn nboeòjmbos boe `d hmed`midi in gdbnr boeobnr sus proiubtos d` pöa`mbo oafntmvo jnimdetn imstmetos jnimos pua`mbmtdrmos; netrn n``os `ds rnins sobmd`ns y pälmeds wna. •Rn trdadfdrä smju`täendjnetn boe projobmoens jnimdetn rnins sobmd`ns,
pälmeds wna y bdtä`olos bdtä`olos in `d njprnsds; bdan snôd`dr qun `os deuebmos sn rnd`mzdrde ne jnsns nstrdtílmbos bojo Jdyo y Imbmnjarn, qun inamio
d snr jnsns hnstmvos hnst mvos por n` Iêd in i n `d Jdirn y Edvmidi rnspnbtmvdjnetn, rnhorzdeio dbbmoens pua`mbmtdrmds sn `olrdrä ue boetmeuo brnbmjmneto ne `ds vnetds. •Sdrd boeb`umr, `d nstrdtnlmd in `d ‐Bdrpmetnrêd y Juna`nrêd HDINJ^Y‚ HDINJ^Y‚
ne `os jnsns rnstdetns, boesmstmrä ne n` posmbmoedjmneto in `d njprnsd, bojo ued in `ds njprnsds `êinrns ne n` jnrbdio in juna`ns, `olrdeio ue mebrnjneto ne `ds vnetds.
4.2.1.4.Xdrmda`ns 4.2.1.4.Xdrmda `ns in snljnetdbmòe @ds nstrdtnlmds snräe `os jnimos in dbbmòe dbbmòe qun d trdvís in nstn p`de in dbbmòe, inane proburdr n` posmbmoedr in `d ‐Bdrpmetnrêd y Juna`nrêd HDINJ^Y‚ v vnetdfosdjnetn netdfosdjnetn ne
n` jnrbdio hrnetn d `d ` d bojpntnebmd, pdrd dsê d`bdezdr jdyor rnetdam`midi.
@d njprnsd gd minetmhmbdio minetmhm bdio ne n` insdrro``o insdrro`` o in su enlobmo qun `d bojpntnebmd gd `olrdio qun `os juna`ns snde bdid vnz jäs didptdios d `ds prnhnrnebmds in sus b`mnetns, por nstd rdzòe sn intnrjmedroe bmnrtos hdbtorns qun eos dyuidrde d intnrjmedr `d snljnetdbmòe bojo6
Lnolrähmbd6 vdrmda`ns nstda`nbmids soe rnlmòe, tdjdôo, inesmidi, b`mjd. Injolrähmbd6 vdrmda`ns bojo nidi, snxo, tdjdôo hdjm`mdr, nstdio bmvm`, td``d, nso, rn`mlmòe, edbmoed`midi.
Ssmbolrähmbd6 vdrmda`ns bojo nstm`o in vmid, pnrsoed`midi, pnrsoed`midi, b`dsn sobmd`. Robmonboeòjmbd6 vdrmda`ns bojo melrnsos, prohnsmòe, nstuimos.
Rnljneto oafntmvo
@d ‐Bdrpmetnrêd y Juna`nrêd HDINJ^Y‚ nstä imrmlmio d ue snbtor nboeòjmbo ne
nspnbmd` qun qun bojo rnsu`tdio in `d mevnstmldbmòe, mevnstmldbmòe, snräe `os nstrdtos jnimo d`to y d`to uambdios ne `d bmuidi in Ydrmfd.
Snrhm` in` boesujmior Ne n`
jnrbdio Ydrmfnôo nxmstn ue jnrbdio horjd` rnprnsnetdio por n`
boesujmior in juna`ns in `ufo, y ue jnrbdio mehorjd`, rnprnsnetdio por n` bojprdior in ue nstm`o nstm` o boetnjporäeno. N` boesujmior Ydrmfnôo, eo sn bdrdbtnrmzd por `d hmin`midi d ued jdrbd nspnbêhmbd; d `d gord in bojprdr juna`ns nxmstn jubgd vdrmdbmòe ne budeto d lustos. Nstn bojportdjmneto sn id por n` poinr diqumsmtmvo in` boesujmior, qun eo sn nebunetrd ne boeimbmoens òptmjds in pdldr d`tos prnbmos, tnemneio d nstn bojo brmtnrmo intnrjmedetn.
Rme njadrlo, nxmstn ue snbtor nboeòjmbo in `d poa`dbmòe qun nstä imspunsto d pdldr prnbmos jäs d`tos por `os hdbtorns in iurdam`midi, imsnôo y bd`midi, ístn ns n` jnrbdio qun pdrd `d ‐Bdrpmetnrêd y Juna`nrêd HDINJ^Y‚ rnsu`td dtrdbtmvo. Sor `o tdeto nstn tmpo in juna`ns juna`ns nstä imrmlmio d pnrsoeds in nstrdtos jnimo d`to y d`to, qun rnsmine prmebmpd`jnetn ne `ds bmuidi in Ydrmfd ioein nstä uambdid `d ‐Juna`nrêd y Bdrpmetnrêd HDINJ^Y‚ HDINJ^Y‚
4.2.2. Nstrdtnlmd in posmbmoe posmbmoedjmneto djmneto
N` posmbmoedjmneto in nstd jdrbd inan netneinrsn bojo ue probnso in pnrhnbbmoedjmneto, pnrhnbbmoedjmne to, mebrnjneto in` vd`or dôdimio y aösqunid in vnetdfds bojpntmtmvds. Idio d qun n` tdrlnt sn boebnetrd ne `os nstrdtos sobmd`ns jnimo d`to y d`to, sn adsdrä `d nstrdtnlmd in prnbmos ne `d rn`dbmòe in bd`midi y prnbmo jäs nqum`mardio. Sor td` jotmvo jotmvo `d Jdrbd instdbdeio instdbdeio `ds hortd`nzds in `d nnjprnsd jprnsd y `ds imhnrnebmds qun `d gdbne jnfor qun `d bojpntnebmd.
1. JDQKNYMEL JMW N` jdrkntmel jmx nstda`nbmio pdrd `d n jprnsd ‐Bdrpmetnrêd y Juna`nrêd HDINJ^Y‚, boestmtuyn budtro n`njnetos aäsmbos in` jdrkntmel qun nstäe rn`dbmoedios netrn sê proiubto, prnbmo, p`dzd y projobmòe. @d borrnbtd bojamedbmòe in nstos budtro n`njnetos n`njnetos pnrjmtmrä d `d njprnsd daoridr n` jnrbdio ormnetdio d `d vnetd in sus proiubtos boe íxmto, jmsjo qun rnspoeine d` imdleòstmbo membmd` rnd`mzdio pdrd `d njprnsd buyds nstrdtnlmds inane snr nstrubturdids dborin d `d nstrubturd qun sn prnsnetd d boetmeudbmòe.
Lrähmbo E¶8 JDQKNYMEL JMW
N` smstnjd pnrjmtmrä d `d njprnsd rnd`mzdr in jdenrd nhmbmnetn sus dbtmvmidins in vnetd jdetnemneio probnsos dborin d `ds enbnsmidins y insnos in` boesujmior.
1.4. Sroiubto Ne nstn bdso n` proiubto gd smio b`dsmhmbdio bojo ue amne tdelma`n in `drld iurdbmòe, su snrvmbmo sn ormnetd nspnbmd`jnetn d` snbtor in `d hdjm`md y ohmbmeds buyd injdeid rnprnsnetde n` >>% in `os b`mnetns in `os proiubtos pdrd n` goldr. D hme in d`bdezdr `os oafntmvos in vnetd `d njprnsd Bdrpmetnrêd y Juna`nrêd HDINJ^Y, sn p`detnd d`lueds nstrdtnlmds qun mjp`njnetdrnjos rn`dbmoens d` proiubto, qun rnspoeine aäsmbdjnetn d `ds enbnsmidins in` b`mnetn, por tdetos sn gde inhmemio bdrdbtnrêstmbds in` proiubto in` snljneto d` bud` nstä imrmlmio `os proiubtos in `d njprnsd.
1.4.4. Imsnôo in s`olde Rn utm`mzò n` bo`or vnrin, qun mejnimdtdjnetn sn `o rn`dbmoed boe `d edturd`nzd, ne nstn bdso d `os ärao`ns, ärao`ns, n` vnrin hun dp`mbdio ne toid `ds pd`dards ‐Bdrpmetnrêd y Juna`nrêd Juna`nrêd HDINJ^Y‚, tdjamíe sn utm`mzò n` bo`or bdhí ne rnhnrnebmd d `d jdinrd.
Hmed`jnetn pdrd n` R`olde sn p`dsjò ued hrdsn bortd bort d qun ns6
` imsnôo y bd`midi gnbgo d tu jnimid
1.4.1. Brndbmòe y imsnôo in `d jdrbd @d jdrbd in `d njprnsd n jprnsd ‐Bdrpmetnrêd y Juna`nrêd HDINJ^Y‚ inanrä mr ne `d jdyorêd in `os proiubtos, `o bud` bdusdrd jdyor jdyor mjprnsmòe d` b`mnetn iäeio`n vd`orns in bd`midi, joinremidi y prnstmlmo. Imsnôdr ued jdrbd qun imstmeld sus proiubtos boe `os in `d bojpntnebmd pdrd nsto sulnrmios ns n` eojarn propmo qun tmnen `d njprnsd. @d jdrbd sulnrmid sn nxpoen d boetmeudbmòe6
Bdrpmetnrêd y Juna`nrêd ‐ HDINJ^Y‚
@o qun sn trdtd in trdesjmtmr boe `d mjdlne in `d jdrbd ns n` drtn qun sn utm`mzd pdrd brndr `os imhnrnetns juna`ns, n` imsnôo, `d bd`midi, soe bdrdbtnrêstmbds qun inspmnrtde n` metnrís in d`lueds pnrsoeds, dinjäs qun nstn sn``o armeid ormlmed`midi y nxb`usmvmidi yd qun ístn mrä p`dsjdio ne bdid proiubto por `d ‐Bdrpmetnrêd y Juna`nrêd HDINJ^Y‚. @d njprnsd boetdrä boe ued pmsto`d nstdjpdiord nstdjpdiord `d bud` rnd`mzdrd nstn trdadfo n` jmsjo qun eo tojdrd jubgo tmnjpo rnd`mzdr`os.
1.1. Srnbmos ^ed vnz insdrro``dio n` nstuimo in jnrbdio, ns b`dvn in `d bojpntmtmvmidi in `d njprnsd ued dinbudid hmfdbmòe prnbmos. Sor n``o sn intnrjmeò nhnbtudr `d hmfdbmòe in prnbmos ne huebmòe in `os bostos y ne huebmòe in `d bojpntnebmd; d hme in nstda`nbnr prnbmos soarn `os bostos y d ue prnbmo
rnprnsnetdtmvo hrnetn d `d bojpntnebmd. Ne nstn snetmio sn p`detnd `ds smlumnetns nstrdtnlmds6 1.1.4. Intnrjmedb Intnrjmedbmòe mòe In` Srnbmo 1.1.4.4.Hmfdbmòe in` Srnbmo ne Huebmòe d` Bosto D boetmeudbmòe in intd``d `os vd`orns d` bosto in `os proiubtos in jdyor injdeid ne n` jnrbdio in juna`ns bdan rnsd`tdr qun inetro in nstos prnbmos d` bosto nstäe boesminrdios6 jdtnrmd`ns imrnbtos n meimrnbtos, jdeo in oard imrnbtd n meimrnbtd y bostos in hdarmbdbmòe meimrnbtd.
Budiro E¶44 F^NLO IN BOJNIOQ Jdtnrmd`ns por p`l
Ao`mvmdeos
Bdetmidi
YOYD@(As)
42
73
4393
Jdeo in Oard
173
Rn``dio
91
Ydpmzdio
83
BORYO YOYD@
4911
Hunetn6 N`daordbmòe propmd
Budiro E¶41 F^NLO IN IOQJMYOQMO
Jdtnrmd`ns por p`l Jdeo in Oard
Ao`mvmdeos
Bdetmidi
YOYD@(As)
42
>3
8>3 173
Rn``dio
9>
Ydpmzdio
>3
BORYO YOYD@
431>
Hunetn6 N`daordbmòe propmd
Budiro E¶42 F^NLO IN @MXMEL Jdtnrmd`ns por p`l Jdeo in Oard
Ao`mvmdeos 42
Bdetmidi 83
YOYD@(As)
Ydpmzdio
433
BORYO YOYD@
419>
Hunetn6 N`daordbmòe propmd
BudiroE¶49 S^NQYDR Jdtnrmd`ns por p`l Jdeo in Oard Rn``dio Ydpmzdio BORYO YOYD@
Ao`mvmdeos 7
Bdetmidi 83
YOYD@(As) 973 133 21 13 821
Hunetn6 N`daordbmòe propmd
Budiro E¶4> NRBQMYOQMO Jdtnrmd`ns por p`l
Ao`mvmdeos
Bdetmidi
YOYD@(As)
42
1>
21>
Jdeo in Oard
193
Rn``dio
93
Ydpmzdio
>3
BORYO YOYD@
8>>
Hunetn6 N`daordbmòe propmd
Budiro E¶48 Nstdetn Jdtnrmd`ns por p`l
Ao`mvmdeos
Bdetmidi
YOYD@(As)
7
1>
133
Jdeo in Oard
133
Rn``dio
21
Ydpmzdio
2>
BORYO YOYD@
98<
Hunetn6 N`daordbmòe N`daordbmòe propmd
1.1.4.1.Srnbmoss ne huebmòe in` prnbmo in vnetd d` pöa`mbo dbtud` 1.1.4.1.Srnbmo
D boetmeudbmòe sn junstrde `os prnbmos prnbmos in vnetd vnetd d` pöa`mbo (S.X.S) (S.X.S) qun jdenfd `d ‐Bdrpmetnrêd y Juna`nrêd HDINJ^Y‚
Budiro E¶4< SQOI^BYOR SDQD N@ GOLDQ INRBQMSBMOE INRBQMSBM OE
S.X.S.
JDQLNE%
Funlo In Bojnior
2333
>2%
Funlo In Iorjmtormo
1>33
>=%
Funlo In @mvmel
1333
27%
Sunrtds
4333
>3%
Hunetn6 N`daordbmòe N`daordbmòe propmd
Budiro E¶47 SQOI^BYOR SDQD OHMBMED INRBQMSBMOE INRBQMSBM OE
S.X.S.
JDQLNE%
Nsbrmtormo
4>33
>8%
Nstdetn
4333
23%
Hunetn6 N`daordbmòe Sropmd
1.1.4.2. Srnbmos in `d bojpntnebmd Sdrd ue dinbudio deä`msms in `os prnbmos in `d bojpntnebmd sn rnd`mzò ued netrnvmstd d `ds imhnrnetns bdrpmetnrêds y juna`nrêds bnrbdeds d `d ‐Bdrpmetnrêd y
Juna`nrêd
HDINJ^Y‚ pdrd boeobnr `os prnbmos in `os proiubtos nstds vneine bojo sn punin
dprnbmdr ne n` budiro denxo E¶%, sn nstda`nbmnroe `os smlumnetns prnbmos adsns6 adsns6
Budiro E¶4= SQNBMOR ADRN Funlo In Bojnior
1433 As
Funlo In Iorjmtormo
4>33 As
Funlo In @mvmel
4=33 As
Sunrtds
=>3 As
Nsbrmtormo
4333 As
Nstdetn
. Brndbmòe in pälmed wna 1.9.>.4.Xnetdss ne `êend 1.9.>.4.Xnetd
Rqudrnspdbn y Rgopmhy nstäe nqumpdios boe so`ubmoens in bdrrmto in bojprds in prmjnrd prmj nrd b`dsn; n` qun usdrd `d njprnsd snrä Rqudrnspdbn. N` nimtor in Rqudrnspdbn Rqudrnspdbn ns juy smjp`n in usdr. @ds p`detm``ds pdrd n`nlmr sn imvmine ne bdtnlorêds häbm`ns in edvnldr, qun meb`uyne enlobmos, hotolrdhêd, aoids, drtmstds y jösmbd. Nstds p`detm``ds sn punine pnrsoed`mzdr bojp`ntdjnetn dlrnldeio mjälnens y tnxto y n`mlmneio bdrdbtnrêstmbds in imsnôo bojo hoeio o hunetns, y dlrnldeio p`detm``ds dimbmoed`ns ne `d pdrtn supnrmor ne ue nhnbto in bdpds. @ds bdrdbtnrêstmbds jnfor inhmemids sn junstrde d boetmeudbmòe6
Budiro E¶14 BDQDBYNQÊRYMBDR BDQDBYNQÊRY MBDR IN RT^DQNRSDBN Bdrdbtnrêstmbds in` imsnôo in` smtmo wna S`detm``ds bdtnlormzdids Optmjmzdio pdrd jòvm`ns Bdrdbtnrêstmbds in bojnrbmo n`nbtròembo imspoema`ns
Bdrdbtnrêstmbds in pua`mbdbmòe D`jdbnedjmneto m`mjmtdio y debgo in adeid Eojarn in iojmemo pnrsoed`mzdio lrdtms Sälmeds M`mjmtdids
Metnlrdbmòe in rnins sobmd`ns
RNO y deä`msms meb`umios
Bdrdbtnrêstmbds in` imsnôo in` smtmo wna
Bdrdbtnrêstmbds in pua`mbdbmòe
Ld`nrêds in hotos häbm`ns in nimtdr
Dtnebmòe d` b`mnetn 19/<
Hunetn6 gttps6//www.top43anstwnasmtnaum`inrs.boj Hunetn6
Srnbmos
Inspuís in ued prunad lrdtumtd in 49 iêds, gdy budtro p`dens imspoema`ns, ios pdrd bdid smtmo wna y tmneids ne `êend. D jnimid qun dujnetd n` prnbmo in `os pdquntns, tdjamíe dujnetd `d bdetmidi in huebmoens imspoema`ns. N` pdquntn in` smtmo wna pnrsoed` ns in $ 41.33 por jns y boe nstn pdquntn, `os usudrmos oatneiräe ue smtmo jòvm` optmjmzdio, d`jdbnedjmneto y debgo in adeid m`mjmtdid, y 13 pälmeds. Nstn pdquntn ns mind` pdrd dqun``os qun nstäe brndeio ue smtmo snebm``o y pnrsoed` boe pobo trähmbo joinrdio. Rm nstä ausbdeio vneinr jäs in 4 proiubto, nstn eo ns n` pdquntn pdrd ustni. N` pdquntn in enlobmos bunstd $ 47.33 por jns y ohrnbn tdrmhds in trdesdbbmòe jäs adfds boe pälmeds m`mjmtdids.
Budiro E¶11 SQNBMO IN RT^DQNRSDBN Sdquntn Snrsoed @ Enlobmo
Srnbmo por
# in
Debgo in adeid y
Ydrmhds in
jns
pälmeds
d`jdbnedjmneto
trdesdbbmòe
$ 41 / jns
13 pdlmeds
M`mjmtdio
2%
$ 47 / jns
M`mjmtdio
M`mjmtdio
1%
Hunetn6 gttps6//www.top43anstwnasmtnaum`inrs.boj Hunetn6
1.9.>.1.Sua`mbmidi 1.9.>.1.Sua `mbmidi ne n` hdbnaook @ds bdrdbtnrêstmbds in nstd pua`mbmidi soe6
Srnsupunsto
N` prnsupunsto `o punin inhmemr `d iunôd in `d njprnsd inpneimneio in` deuebmo y in `d poa`dbmòe d `d qumnrd qumnrd ``nldr (ue mjportn totd` qun qumnrd ldstdr ldstdr bdid iêd iêd o d `o `drlo in `d
bdjpdôd) y punin nimtdr`o ne bud`qumnr jojneto. Ydjamíe inhmen ued pufd (n` mjportn jäxmjo qun nstäs imspunsto d pdldr budeio d`lumne vnd tu deuebmo o rnd`mbn `d dbbmòe insndid). N` prnsupunsto punin mr insin `os >$.
Söa`mbo
Rn punin n`nlmr qumíe nrd n` deuebmo. Sunin usdr idtos injolrähmbos, bojo nidi, snxo y bmuidins dbtud`ns, pdrd boenbtdrsn boe `ds pnrsoeds o bosds, bojo mmetnrnsns, etnrnsns, imsposmtmvos o dbbmoens pdsdids.
Boetnemio
Sor ö`tmjo, sn punin inbmimr n` dspnbto qun sn qumnrd qun n` deuebmo tneld. Sunin usdr tnxto, mjälnens y vminos pdrd bdptdr `d dtnebmòe in `ds pnrsoeds. ^ed vnz qun brnd n` deuebmo, vd d `d suadstd in deuebmos ioein sn njpmnzd d jostrdr d `ds pnrsoeds. @d njprnsd yd bunetd boe ued pälmed in Hdbnaook, por `o tdeto, inetro in nstd sn jostrdrd ue `mek qun nevên imrnbtdjnetn d `d pälmed in vnetds ne `êend. Ydjamíe nxmstne otros jnimos bojo ns `d bo`nbbmòe in vd``ds pua`mbmtdrmds y deuebmos ne pnrmòimbos qun `d njprnsd poirêd mjp`njnetdr pdu`dtmedjnetn, yd qun nstos soe juy bostosos y rnprnsnetdrêd ued hunrtn mevnrsmòe por dgord pdrd `d njprnsd ‐Bdrpmetnrêd y Juna`nrêd HDINJ^Y‚.
1.>. Jdtrmz in nstrdtnlmd Jmx. Ne `d smlumnetn jdtrmz sn junstrd `os oafntmvos qun pnrsmlune `ds nstrdtnlmds p`detndids detnrmorjnetn.
Budiro E¶12 JDYQMV IN OAFNYMXOR ] NRYQDYNLMDR Bojpoenetns
Jdrkntmel Jmx Nstrdtnlmds
Oafntmvos Sosmbmoe Xnetds Rnrvmbmo djmneto
Brndbmòe in `d mjdlne in `d jdrbd
Sroiubto
W Nstrdtnlmds pdrd hmfdr prnbmos
W Srnbmo
So`êtmbds in pdlo y p`dzos in
W
bríimto Nstrdtnlmds in imstrmaubmòe
S`dzd y/o Imstrmaubmòe
W
W
W
W
Nstrdtnlmd in djamnetdbmòe in` `obd` Nstrdtnlmds in projobmòe In Xnetds (bdtä`olos, vnetds pnrsoed`ns,
Srojobmòe
projobmòe in vnetds, vnetds, snrvmbmo post post vnetd)
W
W
W
W
Nstrdtnlmd in Jnrbgdeimsmel Jnrbgdeimsmel (jdm`mel) Nstrdtnlmd in pua`mbmidi(brndbmòe pua`mbmidi(brndbmòe in pälmed wna, vnetds ne `êend, pua`mbmidi ne Hdbnaook) Hdbnaook)
W
W
Hunetn6 N`daordbmòe propmd
1.8. Srnsupunsto N` smlumnetn budiro junstrd n` rnqunrmjmneto ne nhnbtmvo enbnsdrmo pdrd `d nfnbubmòe in` p`de opnrdtmvo in jdrkntmel n`daordio pdrd `d njprnsd ‐Bdrpmetnrêd y Juna`nrêd HDINJ^Y‚
Budiro E¶19 SQNR^S^NRYO SQNR^S^NRY O IN JDQKNYMEL (NWSQNRDIO NE AO@MXMDEOR) SQNBMO E³ INYD@@N ^EMIDI BDEYMIDI ^EMY YOYD@ MEXNQRMÒE S^A@MBMYDQMD 1.133 4 Smsto`d nstdjpdiord SVD 4 4133 4.133 1 @ntrnro in 1.> j por 1 j SVD 4 4333 4.333 LDRYO DE^D@ NE S^A@MBMIDI S^A@MBMIDI =.81=
4 Yd`oedrmos in botmzdbmoens 1 Djamnetdbmòe in` `obd` 2 Metnrent jnesud` Srojobmòe in vnetd (``dvnros, portd bubgm``os, protnbtorns in bojputdiord, 9 ntb.)
SVD RNQXMBMO RNQXMBMO
> Bdtä`olos 8 Xnetd ne `êend (Rqudrnspdbn) < Sua`mbmidi ne Hdbnaook
SVD RNQXMBMO RNQXMBMO
13 4 41
43 1>33 1>3
133 1.>33 2.333
4
4333
4.333
8 41 41
83 44 947
DE^D@
Hunetn6 N`daordbmòe propmd
N` prnsupunsto totd` pdrd nfnbutdr n` p`de in jdrkntmel insdrro``dio, tmnen ued mevnrsmòe ne jdrkntmel pua`mbmtdrmo in öembd vnz bdid budtro dôos in 1133 As., y tmnen ue prnsupunsto deud` ne ldsto pua`mbmtdrmo in =.81= As, pdrd `d nfnbubmòe in` p`de in jdrkntmel bojo sn junstrd ne n` budiro detnrmor. @d mevnrsmòe jäs smlemhmbdtmvd sn poirêd inbmr qun ns `d djamnetdbmòe in` `obd` `d bud` sn utm`mzdrd pdrd poinr tnenr ued jnfor nxgmambmòe in sus proiubtos.
1. BOEYQO@ IN@ S@DE IN JDQKNYMEL Oafntmvo
Dbbmoens
Hnbgd
Jnfordr n` lrdio in
Qnd`mzdr nebunstds
Eovmnjarn 134=
posmbmoedjmneto in in `d ‐Bdrpmetnrêd y Juna`nrêd HDINJ^Y‚
Mebrnjnetdr n` porbnetdfn in Deä`msms in `os bostos in `d
Bdid trmjnstrn in nenro in
vnetds in jnsns in jäs adfd
jdtnrmd prmjd
134=
injdeid
Deä`msms in vnetds
Bdid trmjnstrn insin nenro in 134=
Qniubmr n` porbnetdfn in
Deä`msms in vnetds imdrmds
Bdid jns insin nenro in
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