Marco-Control de Carcavas

 

S@IZCX[IDED DC BSÅ@SKM JEKSOTED DC I@AC@ICXÌE KEXXCXE VXMJC[IM@EO DC I@AC@ICXÌE ELHIC@TEO

KM@TXMO DC KÅXKEZE[ DMKC@TC7 La. KEOIRTM ZEXAE[, [ilcû` Cdlu`dm  EOSL@@M7 KXSW KXSW HEXTMOM, Lerkm Lerkm E`tm`im

BSÅ@SKM ‛ VCX× 8686

 

KM@TC@IDM I`trmdukkiû`..........................................................................................................; 5.

Dcj Dcji`ik i`ikiû` iû`... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ....... ......... .........4 ....4

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Kri Kritcr tcrims ims ac ac`cr `creoc eocs.. s..... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ....... ......... ......... ......... .......... ......... ......3 ..3

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Cte Ctepes pes pere pere co km`trm km`trmoo dc kårkev kårkeves es lc`m lc`mrcs. rcs.... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ....... ........3 ....3

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Vri Vri`ki `kipim pimss h håsi åsikm kmss dc dc kkm`t m`trmo rmo dc kårke kårkeves ves... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ........ .......... .......... ......... .......: ...:

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Csp Cspeki ekiel elic` ic`tm. tm.... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ........ ......... ......... .......: ..:

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Keh Kehck ckcre cress dc oes kår kårkev keves. es.... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ....... ......... ......... ........1 ....1

1.

Dis Discõm cõm dc disq disquc uc rctc rctc`ki `kiû`. û`.... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ....... ......... .......1 ..1

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Kri Kritcr tcrims ims hå håsik sikms ms dc discõm discõm dc diqucs diqucs dc rct rctc`k c`kiû`. iû`...... .......... .......... ......... ......... .......... ......2 .2

9.

Tip Tipms ms dc dc diqu diqucs cs c` ju`kiû ju`kiû` ` dc sus le letcr tcrieo ieocs.. cs..... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ....... ........ ......... ......2 .2

56.

Le`tc`ilic Le`tc`ilic`tm... `tm......... ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ................ ....................9 ..........9

55.

Lurm dc km`tc`kiû km`tc`kiû`..... `........... ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ....................56 ..............56

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[ctms dc vcactekiû vcactekiû`..... `........... ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ...................56 .............56

5;.

[ctms pere km`trmo km`trmo dc crmsiû`.... crmsiû`.......... ............ ............ ............ ............ ..................... .............................55 ..............55

54.

Hmsquc Hmsquc isoe....... isoe............. ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ..................... ...................55 ....55

53.

Mri Mric`t c`teki ekim` m`cs cs sm smhrc hrc rc rcqu qucri crilic lic`tm `tmss y `ckcsid `ckcsidedc edcss dc oes pri`k pri`kipe ipeocs ocs

cspckics jmrcsteocs.........................................................................................58 Xcjcrc`kies.....................................................................................................54  Earedckilic`tm..............................................................................................  Earedckilic`tm.................................................................................... ...........53 .53

 

I`trmdukkiû` Co prcsc`tc trehegm mjrckc dc le`cre rcsulide oms km`mkilic`tms `ckcserims pere u` discõm rekim`eo dc oes ektuekim`cs smhrc co km`trmo dc kårkeves, crmsiû` y co le`tc`ilic`tm dc oe himdivcrsided c` cxpomtekim`cs eareries. Cstå diri di riai aidm dm c` pr pril ilcr cr ou ouae aerr e oms oms cstu cstudi die` e`tc tcss pe pere re pm pmdc dcrr c` c`ri riqu quck ckcr cr su suss km`mkilic`tms y cveouer oes prmpucstes prcsc`tedes y dc bekcr su scauilic`tm c` kelpm e om oeram dco pcrimdm dc 3 eõms km`tclpoedm c` co prmarele dc eyudes. Iaueolc`tc cstå diriaidm e oms earikuotmrcs y ték`ikms c`keraedms dc discõer, cgckuter y le`tc`cr dikbms prmycktms c` sus cxpomtekim`cs. Cstc trehegm be sidm coehmredm e pertir dc oms kritcrims ac`creocs rckmaidms pmr  divcrs div crsms ms le` le`ueo ueocs cs dc km`sc km`scrve rvekiû kiû` ` dc sucoms sucoms y dc le` le`tc` tc`ilic ilic`tm `tm dc oe himdivcrsided. @m dchc movidersc quc cstms kritcrims ac`creocs dchc` edeptersc km` jocxihioided c ileai`ekiû` e oes km`dikim`cs pertikuoercs (dc sucoms, koile, tmpmarejìe…) dc kede zm`e. Vmr cstc lmtivm, c` su rcdekkiû` sc be bckbm u` csjucrzm c` cxpoiker kuåocs sm` oms kritcrims ac`creocs pere oe rceoizekiû` dc kueo ku eoqu quic icre re dc oe oess ek ektu tuek ekim im`c `css pr prcv cvis iste tes, s, y c` prmp prmpmr mrki kim` m`er er cg cgcl clpo poms ms dc epoikekiû`. Vmr dcsarekie, co scauilic`tm dc oe cjcktivided dc cstc tipm dc lcdides dc km`trmo dc oe crmsiû` c` zm`es earìkmoes c` Cspeõe be sidm luy oilitede. Vmr  coom, co trehegm dc edepter cstms kritcrims ac`creocs e oes pertikuoeridedcs dc dijcrc`tcs kmlerkes y situekim`cs sc cspcre bekcr c` vcrsim`cs jutures dc cstc le`ueo, utioize`dm pere coom oe cveouekiû` dc oms csjucrzms dc km`scrvekiû` ilpuosedms pmr cste i`ikietive

 

5. Dcji`ikiû` Vmr kårkeve sc c`tic`dc u`e i`kisiû` c` co tcrrc`m prmvmkede pmr co jougm dco eaue. Oe disti`kiû` c`trc rcaucrm y kårkeve sc sucoc heser c` u`e divisiû` erhitrerie c` ju`kiû` dc su teleõm. C` cstc le`ueo sc km`sidcrerå rcaucrm tmde equcooe i`kisiû` c` co tcrrc`m dc pcqucõm teleõm (c`trc 3 y 46 kl dc e`kbure y dc prmju`dided i`jcrimr e :6 kl), c` mkesim`cs disk diskm` m`titi`u `ue e y qu quc c suco sucoc c dc dcse sepe perc rckc kcrr km km` ` co ticl ticlpm pm dc dchi hidm dm e oe oess mpcrekim`cs behitueocs dc kuotivm. S`e kårkeve, pmr co km`trerim, cs dc leymrcs dilc`sim`cs, `m dcseperckc km` oes mpcrekim`cs behitueocs dc kuotivm y c` heste`tcs mkesim`cs sucoc jmrler u`e cstrukture km`ti`ue. Vmr km`trmo dc kårkeves sc c`tic`dc co km`gu`tm dc ektuekim`cs diriaides e jrc`er co krckilic`tm y, km` co ticlpm, rcooc`er y rcsteurer oes kårkeves prcsc`tcs c` u`e cxpomtekiû`. Esì sustituilms u`e kårkeve pmr u`e zm`e c` oe quc oe cskmrrc`tìe jouyc dc le`cre km`trmoede. S` diquc dc rctc`kiû` eisoedm `m supm`c pmr sì smom u`e lcdide dc km`trmo dc kårkeve si éste cs eoilc`tede pmr mtres quc vic`c` dc eaues errihe smhrc oes quc `m sc ekt÷e.

Oe oc ocai aiso soek ekiû iû` ` pr prmb mbìh ìhc c bekc bekcrr ek ektu tuek ekim im`c `css si si` ` pc pcrl rlis ism m c` ke keuk ukcs cs dc kmrric`tcs `etureocs, km`ti`ues m diskm`ti`ues, dc dmli`im p÷hoikm. Éstms sc dcjiji`c dc `c` ` oc ocae aeol olc` c`tc tc5 5 km kmlm lm ‟c ‟coo tc tcrrc rrc`m `m kuhi kuhicr crtm tm pm pmrr oe oess ea eaue uess c` oe oess låxiles krckides mrdi`eries“. [i` clheram sm` dc dmli`im privedm oms ‟keukcs pmr oms quc mkesim`eolc`tc diskurre` eaues pouvieocs, c` te`tm etrevicsc`, dcsdc su mriac`, ÷`ikelc`tc ji`kes dc dmli`im pertikuoer.“ C` cooms sc pucdc` km`struir mhres siclprc quc `m verìc` co kursm `etureo dc oes eaues c` pcrguikim dco i`tcrés p÷hoikm m dc tcrkcrms, m kuye dcstrukkiû` pmr oe jucrze dc oes o es evc`ides pucde mkesim`er deõms e pcrsm`es m kmses.

 

8. Krit Kritcr crim imss ac`c ac`cre reoc ocss Kårkeves km`ti`ues y diskm`ti`ues Cxistc` dms tipms dc kårkeves7 km`ti`ues y diskm`ti`ues. Oes diskm`ti`ues sm` kår kårkev keves es quc eperck eperckc` c` dc le` le`cre cre eis eisoed oede, e, `mr `mrleo leolc` lc`tc tc c` u`e oedcre. Oes km`ti`ues sm` kårkeves quc jmrle` rcdcs quc sc cxtic`dc` e om oeram dc u`e pcqucõe kuc`ke y quc `mrleolc`tc ve` krckic`dm c` teleõm e lcdide quc `ms eprmxilelms e oe zm`e situede oedcre ehegm.

;. Ctepes Ctepes pere co co km`trmo km`trmo dc kårkev kårkeves es lc`mrcs lc`mrcs Vere omarer u`e cjic`kie c` co km`trmo dc kårkeves lc`mrcs, cs `ckcserim rceoizer u` km`trmo i`tcareo dc oe kuc`ke, quc epmrte oms cskurrilic`tms y scdi sc dilc lc`t `tms ms cr crms msim im`e `edm dmss e oe kå kårk rkev eve, e, lc lcdi die` e`tc tc co usm usm dc pråk pråktitike kess cspckìjikes dc km`scrvekiû` dc sucoms, dc ekucrdm eo usm dco tcrrc`m. Vere i`ikier co km`trmo dc u`e kårkeve, cs ju`delc`teo, quc co ték`ikm gu`tm eo earikuotmr, cveo÷e` c` tcrrc`m oe jmrle dc rceoizer co km`trmo dc cooe, dm`dc co ték`ikm cxpoiquc oes disti`tes ctepes quc sc rcquicrc` pere su km`trmo.

Oes ctepes pere co km`trmo dc oe crmsiû` c` u`e kårkeve sm` oms siauic`tcs7 -

Eiso Eisoer er jì jìsi sike kelc lc`t `tc c ooe e kkår årke keve ve

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Vrc Vrcvc vc`ir `ir oe oe crmsi crmsiû` û` eaue eaue err errihe ihe,, c` ooe e kehck kehckcre cre dc oe kår kårke keve ve

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Xc Xcdu duki kirr oe vc vcom omki kide ded d dc oms oms cs csku kurr rril ilic ic`t `tms ms su supc pcrj rjik ikie ieoc ocs, s, qu quc c crmsim`e` co i`tcrimr, hmrdc y teoudcs dc oe o e kårkeve.

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Coil Coili` i`er er oms hm hmrd rdcs cs dca dcare rede dedm dmss dc oe kå kårk rkev eve, e, per pere e jeki jekioioite terr co cstehockilic`tm dc cspckics bcrhåkces.

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Xco Xcooc` oc`m m dco i` i`tcr tcrimr imr dc dc oe kårke kårkeve ve km` km` oms sscdi cdilc` lc`tms tms kkept epted edm m pmr  cstruktures jìsikes discõedms pere csc ji`.

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Xc Xcdm dmho hoer er km` km` vcact vcactek ekiû iû` ` `et `etiv ive e dc oe zm`e zm`e om omss hmr hmrdc dcs, s, kmlm kmlm co i`tcrimr dc oe kårkeve.

 

4. Vri`kipim Vri`kipimss håsikms håsikms dc km`tr km`trmo mo dc kårkeves kårkeves 5. Lcgm Lcgmre rerr oes km` km`di diki kim` m`cs cs dc oe zm` zm`e e dcs dcsdc dc dm dm`d `dc c vicr vicrtc tc co eaue eaue e oe kårk kå rkev eve e pe pere re rc rcdu duki kirr oe cskm cskmrrc rrc`t `tìe ìe (pmr (pmr cg cgcl clpo pom m eu eulc lc`t `te` e`dm dm oe kmhcrture pmr vcactekiû`). 8. Dcsvier, Dcsvier, si si jucre `ckcserim `ckcserim,, tmde m pertc pertc dc ooe e csk cskmrrc` mrrc`tìe tìe qu quc c c`tr c`tre e c` oe kårkeve. S` cgclpom dm`dc cstm pucdc scr `ckcserim cs c` kårkeves jmrledes e keuse dc ku`ctes leo discõedes. ;. Cstehioizer Cstehioizer ooe e kårk kårkeve eve lc lcdie` die`tc tc lcdides lcdides c cstruk struktureoc tureocss (kes (kesii siclp siclprc rc pmr  diqucs dc rctc`kiû`) y si jucre `ckcserim rcvcactekiû`.

3. Cspe Cspeki kiel elic ic`t `tm m Co mhgctivm dc oms diqucs dc rctc`kiû` quc sc km`struyc` e om oeram dc oe kårkeve `m cs rctc`cr tmde co eaue, si`m jrc`er su vcomkided pere quc co scdilc`tm dcpmsitc e`tcs dc quc co eaue pesc pmr om eotm dco lurm dc rctc`kiû` y km` co ticlpm rcooc`er oe kårkeve y rcsteureroe. C` mkesim`cs oe kårkeve `m sc rcooc`e dco tmdm, pcrm dcge dc krckcr c` teleõm y sc pucdc km`sidcrer km`trmoede. Oe rcaoe håsike pere cspekier c`trc sì oms diqucs dc rctc`kiû` e om oeram dc oe kårkeve, cs bekcrom pere i`tc`ter eprmxilersc e u`e situekiû` c` oe quc co `ivco låxilm dco eaue dctrås dc u` diquc oocauc beste co pic dco diquc dc rctc`kiû` situedm i`lcdietelc`tc eaues errihe. [c trete dc omarer quc `m qucd qu cdc c `i `i`a `au` u`e e sckk sckkiû iû` ` dc oe kårkeve c` oe quc co eaue `m csté cs té rctc rctc`i `ide de pe pere re rc rcdu duki kirr su vcomkided. Vmr lmtivms dc kmstc cstc kritcrim ac`creo cs dijìkio dc scauir cxektelc`tc c` kelpm, y oe oess

te teh hoe oess

dc csp cspek ekie iel lic ic`t `tm m

rckm rckmlc lc`d `ded edm, m,

i`km i`kmrp rpmr mre` e`

u`

jektmr dc kmrrckkiû` clpìrikm quc esulc c` oe pråktike u` leymr  cspekielic`tm.

 

:. Kehc Kehckc kcre ress dc dc oes oes kårk kårkev eves es Co km`trmo dc oe o e kårkeve dchc kmlc`zer dcsdc su kehckcre, quc cs co ouaer  dm`dc clpicze e jmrlersc. Oms hmrdcs supcrimrcs dc cste kårkeve dchc` rmdcersc poe`te`dm vcactekiû` (bcrhåkce y/m ocõmse sca÷` oms kesms) pere jrc`er oe vcomkided dco eaue y bekcr quc sus reìkcs rctc`ae` lcgmr co tcrrc`m. Oe e`kbure lì`ile dc cse zm`e dc vcactekiû` dcpc`dcrå dco teleõm dc oe kårkeve. [i c` co `ekilic`tm cs pcqucõe (prmju`dided lc`mr dc 5 l) pmsihoclc`tc hestc km` sclhrer u`e herrcre dc vcactekiû` bcrhåkce dc u`e e`kbure `m lc`mr dc 3 l si cstå kmlpucste pmr arelì`ces y 56 l si om cstå prcjcrc`tclc`tc dc ocauli`mses. [i oe kår årke keve ve cs le leym ymrr dc 5 l dc prmj prmju` u`di dide ded d c` su ke kehc hckc kcre re om rckmlc`dehoc cs user u` sctm dc vcactekiû` kmlhi`e`dm cspckics ocõmses y bcrhåkces> Oe sckkiû` dc sctms dc vcactekiû` de lås i`jmrlekiû` ekcrke dc su discõm.

1. Disc Discõm õm dc dc disq disquc uc rctc rctc`k `kiû iû` ` [i oe kårkeve cs dc pcqucõm teleõm y dc percdcs pmkm cskerpedes, sc pucdc puc dc km` km`trm trmoer oer km` he` he`des des dc vca vcacte ctekiû kiû` ` pcrle` pcrle`c`t c`tc c scl sclhre hredes des dc le`cre pcrpc`dikuoer e oe pc`dic`tc. Dure`tc co pcrimdm dc ilpoe`tekiû` dc cste vcactekiû`, cs pmsihoc i`steoer heoes dc pege e lmdm mhståkuom pere rctc`cr oe cskmrrc`tìe. @u`ke usc diqucs tclpmreocs dc pege pere årces vcrtic`tcs dc lås dc 6.2 be. [i oe kårkeve cs dc leymr teleõm sc dchc` km`struir diqucs dc rctc`kiû` quc sc pucdc` bekcr dc dijcrc`tcs letcrieocs, quc dchc` cskmacrsc c` ju`kiû` dc su dispm`ihioided y kmstc. Oe i`lc`se leymrìe dc oms diqucs dc rctc`kiû` sc sucoc` km`struir dc kmlpm`c`tcs pmrmsms, ye quc eo pcrlitir co pesm dc pertc dco eaue rcdukc` oes tc`sim`cs smhrc oe cstrukture y oe eherete`. Edclås, eo scr jocxihocs tic`c` kicrtm lerac` pere ekmlmdersc lcgmr eo tcrrc`m e lcdide quc sc km`smoide. Vmr coom, oms letcrieocs quc pmsihoclc`tc sc clpocc` scrå` rmkes y picdres, cstekes y reles m cstekes y tcoe lctåoike.

 

2. Kritcrims Kritcrims håsikms håsikms dc discõm discõm dc diqucs diqucs dc rctc`kiû` rctc`kiû` 5. Vmr scauride scaurided d y kmstc be beyy quc prm prmkurer kurer kkm`str m`struir uir diqu diqucs cs dc lc`ms lc`ms dc 5.8 l dc eoture, lcdide dcsdc co pu`tm dm`dc clpicze e vcrtcr co eaue (eoiviedcrm). 8. Tmdms, Tmdms, `m ilpmrte ilpmrte om pcqucõm pcqucõmss quc sc sce`, e`, dch dchc` c` bek bekcrsc crsc dc dcge`d ge`dm m u`e zm`e rchegede (c` co kc`trm) pere cvekuer co cxkcsm dc eaue kue`dm rchm rchmsc sc si` si` quc quc sc se seoa oae e pm pmrr oms oms oe oedm dmss dc dcoo lu lurm rm.. Cs Cstm tm sc ooooel ele e eoiviedcrm. ;. C` oe zm`e zm`e dm`d dm`dc c kec co eau eaue e dc cstc eoivie eoiviedcr dcrm m sc dchc rcj rcjmrz mrzer er co oc ockb kbm m pere pere elmr elmrtitiau auer er co ilpe ilpekt ktm m dco dco ea eaue ue qu quc c ke kec. c. Km Kmlm lm rcao rcaoe e eprmxilede cste zm`e dc disipekiû` dc c`craìe dchc tc`cr u`e om`aitud c`trc 5.3 y 8 vckcs oe eoture cjcktive dco diquc. 4. S` huc` disc iscõm dchc km`sidcrer oe jmrle y teleõm dc cstms coclc`tms. Bekcrom rcdukirå oms prmhocles kmlm quc co eaue sc ehre keli ke li`m `m pm pmrr om omss hmrd hmrdcs cs dco dco diqu diquc c be beki kié` é`dm dmom om i` i`cj cjik ikez ez,, m és éstc tc sc dcrrulhc eo jmrlersc u` smkevû` eo pic dco lislm.

9. Tipms dc diqucs diqucs c` ju`kiû` ju`kiû` dc sus sus letcrieo letcrieocs cs Oms diqucs dc picdre y rmke dchc` bekcrsc km` teleõms quc `m sce` dclesiedm pcqucõms pere cviter quc co eaue oes errestrc. C` ac`creo `m dchc dc hc be behc hcrr trm trmzm zmss dc le letc tcrie rieoo lc lc`m `mrc rcss dc 56 kl dc di diål ålct ctrm rm,, y co pmrkc`tegc dc rmkes lc`mrcs dc 54 kl dc diålctrm `m dchc supcrer co 83% dco tmteo dco pcsm dc rmkes clpocedes. Eu`quc `m cxistc` rcaoes ac`creocs, sc pucdc user kmlm eprmxilekiû` oe distrihukiû` dc rmkes pere diqucs dc eoture cjcktive c`trc 5 y 8 l. Oe Jiaure 51 lucstre u` csqucle pere oe km`strukkiû` dc u` diquc dc rmkes y picdres. Oms diqucs bckbms dc cstekes y reles sm` u`e eotcr`etive ckm`ûlike c` situekim`cs c` oes quc beye dispm`ihioided dc cstms letcrieocs. Vere diqucs dc eoture lc`mr dc 5.3 l y dc e`kbure lc`mr dc 4.3 l, u`e jioe dc cstekes y reles pucdc scr sujikic`tc pere lm`ter u` diquc. [i co teleõm dco diquc cs supcrimr e 5.3 l y 4.3 l dc e`kbure, co diquc dc cstekes y reles dchcrìe bekcrsc km` u`e dmhoc jioe dc cstekes.

 

Vere kårkeves dc pmke prmju`dided y e`kbure i`jcrimr e 4 l telhié` sc pucdc` km`struir diqucs dc rctc`kiû` cjcktivms km` eoelhrc y reles. Vere coo coom, m, dc dchc hc dis dispm pm`cr `cr oes rel reles es dc ek ekucr ucrdm dm eo discõ discõm, m, use use`d `dm m eoe eoelhr lhrc c aeove`izedm dc, eo lc`ms, co `÷lcrm 9 pere le`tc`croes c` su sitim km` oe eyud ey ude e dc cs cste teke kess koev koeved edes es c` co tc tcrr rrc` c`m m km kmlm lm lì lì`i `ilm lm e 6.9 6.9 l dc prmju`dided. Vere kårkeves dc pmke prmju`dided (lc`ms dc 5 l) mtre mpkiû` cs co diquc dc oåli`es lctåoikes m dc ledcre. Vere coom dchc dispm`cr oes poe`kbes dc ekucrdm eo discõm. Cs i`dispc`sehoc dispm`cr c` oe zm`e dc keìde dc eaue u`e zm`e dc elmrtiauekiû` pere cviter quc sc smkevc co diquc. Cste zm`e dc elmrtiauekiû` oe pucdc bekcr dc rmkes m reles. Oe oiste dc letcrieocs e`tcrimr `m pucdc scr cxbeustive, y siclprc pucdc` cxistir mtres kmlhi`ekim`cs viehocs pere km`struir diqucs dc rctc`kiû`. Vmr  cgclpom, kmlm c` oe Jiaure 88, aevim`cs jocxihocs coehmredms km` himrrmoooms dc jihres vcacteocs.

56. Le`tc`ilic`tm Co le`tc`ilic`tm dc oms diqucs dc rctc`kiû` y dc oe kårkeve rcsteurede cs te` ilpmrte`tc kmlm su i`steoekiû` y sc pucdc rcsulir c` u`e scric dc pu`tms håsikms. 5. I`spckkim I`spckkim`er `er sic siclprc lprc tmdms tmdms oms diqucs diqucs dcs dcspués pués dc kkede ede tmrl tmrlc`te c`te ilpmrte`tc. [i sc cstå c` u`e tclpmrede dc scquìe dchc dc bekcrsc pcriûdikelc`tc (kede ;-: lcscs). 8. Xcpe Xcpere rerr i` i`lc lcdi diet etel elc` c`tc tc om omss de deõm õmss mh mhsc scrv rved edms ms,, prmk prmkur ure` e`dm dm le`tc`cr co diquc dc ekucrdm e su discõm mriai`eo. ;. Xcti Xctire rerr om omss rc rcst stms ms dc evc` evc`id ides es ek ekul uluo uoed edms ms (peo (peoms ms,, rele reles… s…)) y scdilc`tms quc mhstruye` co eoiviedcrm y pucde` cster rcdukic`dm su kepekided dc dcseaÿc. 4. S`e vcz quc quc oe kår kårkev keve e csté cste cstehio hioize izede, de, prmkur prmkurer er le`tc` le`tc`cr cr oe supcrjikic kuhicrte km` vcactekiû` pere prcvc`ir su rcektivekiû`. 3. [i mhscrve quc clpicz icze` e jmrlersc `ucvms rcaucrms m pcqucões kårkeves c` u`e ye rcsteurede, kmlc`zer e km`trmoeroe

 

dc i`lcdietm siauic`dm oms kritcrims dcteooedms c` cste sckkiû`. [i cs `ckcserim, rckrckcr oiacrelc`tc co diquc dc rctc`kiû`.

55.. Lurm 55 Lurm dc km`t km`tc` c`ki kiû` û` C` oms sistcles dc oukbe km`tre oe crmsiû` sc c`tic`dc pmr lurm dc km`tc`kiû km`tc` kiû` ` u` lurm lurm situed situedm m dc le`cre le`cre pcr pcrpc pc`di `dikuo kuoer er e oe låxile låxile pc`dic`tc dco tcrrc`m, y quc sc utioize eo jmrler m le`tc`cr tcrrezes km`struides pere km`trmoer oe crmsiû` y eprmvckber lcgmr co eaue dc oouvie. Éste cs u`e pråktike e`kcstreo, y c` oe leymrìe dc oms kesms cstms lurms dc km`tc`kiû` sm` dc eoture oilitede (5.2-8 l) y sc km`struyc` dc letcrieocs omkeocs. C` mtres mkesim`cs co lurm dc km`tc`kiû` sc clpoce pere cviter co bu`dilic`tm (m co dcsoizelic`tm) dc u`e oedcre eu`quc `m tc`ae u`e tcrreze pmr c`kile.

58.. [ctm 58 [ctmss dc dc vca vcact ctek ekiû iû` ` 5. Oms sctms sctms dc vca vcactek ctekiû` iû` sm` herrcre herrcress vcac vcacteocs teocs qu quc c sc utioize` utioize` c` om omss si sist stcl cles es ea earì rìkm kmoe oess y jm jmrc rcst steo eocs cs km km` ` u` u`m m m ve veri rims ms dc om omss siauic`tcs mhgctivms7 Vrmpmrkim`er eoilc`tm, båhitet y kmrrcdmrcs pere oe vide siovcstrc. 8. Dcoil Dcoilititer er per perkc kcoe oes. s. ;. Xctc`c Xctc`crr scdilc scdilc`tm `tm y cs cskmr kmrrc` rc`tìe tìe.. 4. Jiotrer Jiotrer oe csk cskmrrc`t mrrc`tìe ìe dc km`tel km`teli`e`t i`e`tcs cs y `utric` `utric`tcs. tcs. 3. Kmrt Kmrtev evic ic`t `tms ms.. :. Lcgmre Lcgmrerr co pei peise segc. gc. C` ju`kiû` ju`kiû` dc oms mhgctiv mhgctivms ms quc sc pcrs pcrsiae iae`, `, oe oess ker erek ektc tcrì rìst stik ikes es dc om omss sctm ctms dc vc vca acte cteki kiû` û` verie erierå rå` ` oiacrelc`tc.

 

5;. [ctms [ctms pere pere km`trm km`trmoo dc dc crms crmsiû` iû` Vere Ve re quc quc sce` sce` cj cjck cktiv tivms ms cstm cstmss sctm sctmss dc dchc hc` ` jmrl jmrler er u` u`e e he herr rrcr cre e dc vcactekiû` dc`se, sujikic`tclc`tc rìaide y eote> sûom esì scrå` kepekcs dc rctc`cr co tcrrc`m y co scdilc`tm si` scr erre`kedms m c`tcrredms. Dchc` situersc dc le`cre pcrpc`dikuoer e oe låxile pc`dic`tc. Vere coom, kue`dm sce` sujikic`tclc`tc oerams sc dchc` mric`ter dc le`cre pereocoe e oes kurves dc `ivco. Kmlm mric`tekiû` sc pucdc` user oes rckmlc`dekim`cs dc dc`sided dc poe`tes, lcdide e u`e eoture dc u`ms 53 kl smhrc co sucom. C` kueoquicr kesm sc dchc husker quc eo ji`eo dc oe prilcre kelpeõe, `m beye cspekims c`trc teooms leymrcs dc 1 kl. Cgclpoms y pucdc mric`ter ekcrke dc oe dc`sided ûptile quc sc dchcrìe km`scauir c` cstc tipm dc sctms.

54. Hmsq msquc iso soee Oms hmsqucs isoe sm` leses `m oi`ceocs dc vcactekiû` rmdcedes c` tmdm su pcr pcrìlc ìlctrm trm pmr tcrrc`ms tcrrc`ms kuotiv kuotivedm edms> s> sc krc krce` e` m le` le`tic tic`c` `c` km` co mhgc mh gctitivm vm ju ju`d `del elc` c`te teoo dc pr prmp mpmr mrki kim` m`er er bå båhi hite tett km kmlm lm rcsc rcscrv rvmr mrim im dc himdivcrsided c` zm`es earìkmoes. Oes ilåac`cs dc oe Jiaure lucstre` oe dijcrc`kie c`trc sistcles oi`ceocs (sctms) y hmsquc isoe.

Kritcrims ac`creocs Co pesm i`ikieo km`sistc c` omkeoizer oes zm`es dc oe ji`ke dm`dc ilpoe`ter  cstms cst ms hms hmsquc qucs. s. Vere Vere coo coom, m, sm` dc epoik epoikeki ekiû` û` oms kritcr kritcrims ims ac`cre ac`creocs ocs kmlc`tedms c` oms sctms vivms c` oe påai`e e`tcrimr. Oes ilåac`cs dc oe Jiaure de` u`e idce dc oes zm`es eprmpiedes pere oe ilpoe`tekiû` dc cstms hmsqucs dc`trm dc oes cxpomtekim`cs earìkmoes. Vere lcgmrer co

 

båhite båh itett rcs rcsuot uote e lås lås edcku edckuedm edm ilp ilpoe` oe`ter ter ver verims ims hm hmsqu squctc ctcss dis dispcr pcrsms sms dc`trm dc oe ji`ke c` ouaer dc u`e ÷`ike lese. Kmlm mric`tekiû`, oe supcrjikic lì`ile dc kede u`m dc cstms hmsquctcs dchcrìe cster c`trc 536 ‛ 866 l8.

53. Mric`teki Mric`tekim`cs m`cs smhrc smhrc rcqucril rcqucrilic`t ic`tms ms y `ckcside `ckcsidedcs dcs dc oes oes pri`kipeocs cspckics jmrcsteocs Km` keråktcr ac`creo, siclprc quc sce pmsihoc rcsuote håsikm rceoizer  u`e scockkiû` edckuede dc cspckics pere kede zm`e dc ekucrdm, pmr  u`e pertc, e oes kerektcrìstikes dc sucom y pouvimlctrìe y, pmr mtre, e oe km`stitukiû` ac`étike dc oes pmhoekim`cs kirku`de`tcs. Vmr tmdm coom, oes cspckics e utioizer dchc` tc`cr c` kuc`te co dmli`im tcrritmrieo c` co quc sc c`kuc`tre oe zm`e dc ektuekiû`. Oms kritcrims håsikms e oe bmre dc cocair oes cspckics dchc` rcairsc hegm oes siauic`tcs km`dikim`cs7 e) Uuc c csté` sté` e edepte deptedes des eo eo tcrrit tcrritmrim mrim c` kucs kucstiû`. tiû`. h) Uuc sc sce` e` eprm eprmpied piedes es pere pere co usm quc quc sc oc ocss quic quicrc rc der. k) Uuc sce sce` ` edckuedes edckuedes e oes kkerekt erektcrìst crìstikes ikes y situ situekiû` ekiû` ck ckmoûai moûaikes kes dco ouaer. d) Uuc sc sce` e` luy r÷s r÷stikes tikes y dc kkrckil rckilic`tm ic`tm rc rcoetiv oetivelc` elc`tc tc råpid råpidm. m. c) [i cs pmsihoc, quc kuc`tc` km` eyudes ckm`ûlikes m suhvc`kim`cs pere su poe`tekiû` y pmsihoc le`tc`ilic`tm. j) Uuc csté` csté` dispm` dispm`iho ihocs cs c` c` co co lcrke lcrkedm. dm.

 

C` ac ac`c `cre reoo bey bey quc quc cvit cviter er ut utioioiz izer er cs cspc pckkic icss km` km` oe oess sia iaui uic` c`tc tcss kerektcrìstikes7 -

Cs Csp pck ckic icss i` i`vvesm esmre res. s.

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Csp Cspcki ckics cs quc quc beae beae` ` kmlpc kmlpctc` tc`kie kie eo kuot kuotivm ivm kmo kmoi`d i`de`t e`tc. c.

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Csp Cspcki ckics cs i`e i`ede depte ptedes des e oes oes kkm`d m`diki ikim`c m`css omke omkeocs ocs..

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C` bu bucr crtm tmss cxkou cxkouir ir csp cspck ckic icss km` bm bmge gess quc ter terdc dc` ` lukb lukbm m ticl ticlpm pm c` dcskmlpm`crsc.

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C` jru jrute teoc ocss oilite oiliterr oes csp cspck ckic icss quc jom jomrc rczk zke` e` eo lis lislm lm tic ticlp lpm, m, pucs cstehockcrìe kmlpctc`kie c` oe pmoi`izekiû`.

Dede De de oe ri riqu qucz cze e vc vcac acte teoo y divc divcrs rsid ided ed ck ckmo moûa ûaik ike e dc E` E`de deou oukì kìe, e, cs kmlpoikedm cstehockcr u`e oiste cxbeustive dc oes cspckics edckuedes pere kede kmlerke cspckìjike. C` mkesim`cs cste oiste vic`c i`dikede pmr co tipm dc eyudes e oes quc `ms ekmgelms. C` co kesm pertikuoer dc oes Eyudes e I`vcrsim`cs `m Vrmduktives sc dchc` utioizer equcooes i`kouides c` oe mrdc` quc oe rcauoe. Éste i`dike telhié` quc dchc` prmkcdcr dc u` vivcrm quc tc`ae oe dchide eutmrizekiû` pere cgcrkcr co kmlcrkim dc scliooes y poe`tes dc vivcrm, tc`cr eo lc`ms sevie dc u` eõm, i`kouir kcpcooû` y tc`cr eo lc`ms ;6 kl dc eoture e pertir dc oe hmose.

 

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Hoe`km, B., Oeo, X. 8662. Vri`kipocs mj [mio Km`scrvetim` e`d Le`e Le `eac aclc lc`t `t.. [pri` [pri`ac acr. r. Km Kmpp ppi` i`,, @.G. @.G.,, Xi Xikb kber erds ds,, I.A. I.A. 59 5996 96.. Ss Ssc c mj  Zcactetim` i` Kivio C`ai`ccri`a. Huttcrwmrtbs. Om`dm`

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Km Kmst ste e G. G.K. K. (km (kmmr mrd. d.). ). 866;. 866;. Le` Le`ue ueoo pe pere re oe Di Divc vcrs rsiji ijike keki kiû` û` dco Veise Veisegc gc  Earerim. 8ª cdikiû`. Cd. Gu`te dc E`deoukìe. Km`scgcrìe dc Lcdim  Elhic`tc. [cviooe

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Li Li`i `ist stcr crim im dc Jm Jmlc lc`t `tm, m, 5999 5999.. Lå Låxi xile less oooouv uvie iess di dier erie iess c` oe Cs Cspe peõe õe Vc`i`suoer. Dirckkiû` dc Kerrctcres dco Li`istcrim dc Jmlc`tm, Ledrid. Km`

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@e @etitim` m`eo eo Xcsm Xcsmur urkc kcss Km Km`s `scr crve vetim tim` ` [crv [crvik ikc. c. 86 866; 6;.. Zc Zcac acte tetitivc vc He Herr rric icr. r. Km`scrvetim` [te`derd Kmdc :65.

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[k [kbw bweh eh,, A. A.M. M.,, Je Je`a `alc lcic icr, r, D.D., D.D., Coo Cooim imt, t, Q.G Q.G.. e` e`d d Jrcv Jrcvcr crct ct,, X. X.N. N. 599 599;. ;. [mio e`d Qetcr Km`scrvetim` C`ai`ccri`a. G. Qiocy e`d sm`s. @cw Ymrn. 361 pp.

 

Earedckilic`tm Co prcsc`tc trehegm km`tic`c u`e scric dc km`kcptms c i`vcstiaekim`cs quc be` sidm prmpmrkim`edms pmr oms siauic`tcs eutmrcs y eoau`ms prmycktms rcjcrc`tcs eo tcle dc quic` sc pudm rckupcrer oes i`jmrlekim`cs7 Csms prmycktms sm`7 V62-EAX-6;983 (ji`e`kiedm pmr oe Gu`te dc E`deoukìe), EAO8669-589;:-K6;65 (j (ji` i`e` e`ki kied edm m pm pmrr co Li`i Li`ist stcr crim im dc Kic` Kic`ki kie e c I``m I``mve veki kiû` û`), ), oe rcd rcd XC XC[C [CO O (ji`e`k (ji` e`kied iede e pmr co Li`ist Li`istcri crim m dc Lcd Lcdim im Elhic` Elhic`tc, tc, Xur Xureo eo y Ler Leri`m i`m), ), jm` jm`dms dms JCDCX y co Vrmarele dc Divcrsijikekiû` dco Veisegc dco Eyu`telic`tm dc Kûrdmhe.