Maquina Estado Finito
September 10, 2022 | Author: Anonymous | Category: N/A
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[odm =. =. Díqu`j Díqu`jms ms ko ost ostmkf mkfss b`j`t b`j`tf. f. =.= Iojlumno y lrmdít`hm.
Lrmdít`hm ko ostruhturm ko brmso [`pfs ko lrmdít`hm ko ostruhturm ko brmso Mrgfios ko kor`vmh`øj kor`vmh`øj Bfrdm Gmhcus-Jmur
=.7. @jtrfkuhh`øj Oj ifs iojlumnos ko prflrmdmh`øj johos`tmdfs kob`j`r ujm X`jtmx`s (bfrdm ko ujm frmh`øj) y ujm sodíjt`hm (s`lj`b`hmkf ko ujm frmh`øj). Im frmh`øj ’oi smpf oshr`go himrmdojto ’os ujm frmh`øj vmi`km ko mhuorkf hfj ims rolims ko im lrmdít`hm ospmýfim. Os hfrrohtf su s`jtmx`s, mujquo jf tojlm sojt`kf (m dojfs quo ostodfs amgimjkf ko uj dujkf ko bmjtmsäms) Im sohuojh`m ko pmimgrms ’jmkm ríp`kmdojto dmtodít`hms— jf os ujm frmh`øj vmi`kmk solþj ims rolims ko im lrmdít`hm ospmýfim.
=.8. Lrmdít`hm Im s`jtmx`s ko uj iojlumno jmturm hfdf oi `jliàs, oi ospmýfi, oi miodíj f brmjhàs sfj hfdpionms. Oj iulmr ko ostuk`mr iojlumnos jmturmios, pfkodfs kob`j`r iojlumnos bfrdmios quo tojlmj rolims ko s`jtí`s g`oj kob`j`kms. Ostms rolims ko s`jtmx`s sfj `dpfrtmjtos tmjtf oj i`jlùäst`hm (oi ostuk`f ko iojlumnos jmturms, hfdf oj oi ostuk`f ko iojlumnos ko prflrmdmh`øj.
Onodpif ko lrmdít`hm =. _jm br brmso mso so h hfdpf fdpfjo jo ko uj sunot sunotf f solu solu`kf `kf ko u uj j prok prok`hmkf `hmkf33 7. _j suno sunotf tf so hfd hfdpfjo pfjo ko u uj j mrtähu mrtähuif if solu solu`kf `kf ko uj jf jfdgro dgro so solu`k lu`kf f ko mknot`vf, f 8. _j sun sunotf otf so h hfdpf fdpfjo jo ko uj m mrtähui rtähuif f solu solu`kf `kf ko u uj j jfdg jfdgro3 ro3 ;. _j pro prok`hmk k`hmkf f so hfd hfdpfjo pfjo k ko o uj vor vorgf gf sol solu`kf u`kf k ko o uj mkv mkvorg`f org`f,, f ?. _j p prok rok`hm `hmkf kf s so o hfd hfdpf pfjo jo k uj v vorg orgf3 f3 2. _j mr mrtä tähu huif if os uj, f im hmkojm Mmgm so kor`vm k`rohtmdojto ko Mgm pfrquo G⟲ Mg os ujm prfkuhh`øj y mgmgmgm os kor`vmgio ko Mgm, puostf quo MGm ⇗ Mmgm⇗GGmgm⇗Gmgmgm⇗mgmgmgm, usmjkf ims prfkuhh`fjos G ⟲mg, M⟲ GG y G⟲mg oj ifs þit`dfs pmsfs ko im kor`vmh`øj.
=.?. Iojlumno ko Lojormh`øj Xom L4 (R, [, X, U) ujm lrmdít`hm hfj ostruhturm ko brmsos. Oi iojlumno lojormkf pfr L, kojftmkf pfr I(L), os oi hfjnujtf ko tfkms ims hmkojms ko tord`jmios quo so kor`vmj koi ostmkf `j`h`mi X. Oj ftrms pmimgrms, I(L) 4 {w∁ [* |X ⇗ * \}.
Onodpif. Xom L im lrmdít`hm hfj vfhmguimr`f R 4 {X, M, m, g}, uj hfjnujtf ko tord`jmios [ 4 {m, g}, sädgfif `j`h`mi X y prfkuhh`fjos U 4 {X ⟲ mM, X⟲ g, M ⟲ mm}
Xfiuh`øj. I(L) 4 {g, mmm}, pfrquo pfkodfs hfdojzmr ujm kor`vmh`øj hfj X ⟲ mM f hfj X ⟲ g, y ko mM pfkodfs kor`vmr mmm usmjkf M ⟲ mm. Jf amy ftrms kor`vmh`fjos pfs`gios.
=.2. [`pfs ko lrmdít`hms ko ostruhturm ko brmso. Ims lr Ims lrmd mdít ít`h `hms ms ko os ostr truh uhtu turm rm ko br brms mso o so hims hims`b `b`h `hmj mj pf pfrr if ifs s t` t`pf pfs s ko prfkuhh`fjos pord`t`kms.
[mgim =. [`pf ko lrmdít`hms [`pf
Wostr`hh`fjos oj ims prfkuhh`fjos w =
5 = 7 8
X`j rostr`hh`fjos i(w=) 9 i (w7), f w7 4 Ɠ w= 4 M, s`ojkf M uj sädgfif jf tord`jmi w= 4 M y w7 4 mG f w 7 4 m, s`ojkf M ₩ J, G ₩ J y m ₩ [, f X
↗
j7
↗
Ɠ
Ims lrmdít`hms ko t`pf 7 so kojfd`jmj lrmdít`hms i`gros ko hfjtoxtf. _j iojlumno lojormkf pfr ujm lrmdít`hm i`gro ko hfjtoxtf so iimdm iojlumnos i`gros ko hfjtoxtf. Ims lrmdít`hms ko t`pf 8 so kojfd`jmj lrmdít`hms sojs`gios mi hfjtoxtf (f ujm lrmdít lrm dít`hm `hm rol roluim uimr). r). _j ioj iojlum lumno no loj lojorm ormkf kf pfr ujm lrm lrmdít dít`hm `hm so sojs` js`gio gio mi hfjtoxtf so iimdm iojlumno sojs`gio mi hfjtoxtf (f uj iojlumno jfrdmi).
=. (@kojt`b`hmkfr) (Iotrm)
∼4 ¶
∼4 ¶ (iotrm)
|( `kojt`b`hmkfr ) ( iotrm )| (`kojt`b`hmkfr)
(k`l`tf)
m |g| ….| y| z
(k`l`tf) ∼4¶ 5 |=| ….|1| 0 Ufr onodpif, pfkodfs prfkuh`r oi `kojt`b`hmkfr vmi`kf x00m ut`i`zmjkf im pr`dorm rolim pmrm roodpimzmr (`kojt`b`hmkfr) pfr (`kojt`b`hmkfr) (iotrm), iuolf im solujkm rolim pmrm fgtojor (`kojt`b`hmkfr) m, kospuàs im pr`dorm rolim kfs vohos pmrm fgtojor (`kojt`b`hmkfr) (k`l`tf) (k`l`tf) m, im torhorm rolim kfs vohos pmrm fgtojor (`kojt`b`hmkfr) 00ª, im pr`dorm rolim pmrm fgtojor (iotrm) 00ª, y b`jmidojto im solujkm rolim pmrm fgtojor x00m.
7. Díqu`j Díqu`jms ms ko oostm stmkf kf b` b`j`t j`tf f hfj ssmi` mi`km km
Díqu`jms ko ostmkf b`j`tf (BXD) hfj smi`kms. [`pfs ko díqu`jms ko ostmkf b`j`tf hfj smi`km.
7.=.
@jtrfkuhh`øj
Duhafs t`pfs ko díqu Duhafs díqu`jms, `jms, `jhiu`kms ims hfdp hfdputmkf utmkfrms rms puok puokoj oj dfko dfkoimrso imrso ut`i`zmjkf ujm ostruhturm iimdmkm díqu`jm ko ostmkf b`j`tf (f mutødmtm b`j`tf). _jm díqu`jm ko ostmkf b`j`tf hfjs`sto oj uj hfjnujtf b`j`tf ko ostmkfs, uj ostmkf ko `j`h`f kos`ljmkf, uj mibmgotf ko ojtrmkm y ujm bujh`øj ko trmjs`h`øj quo ms`ljm uj ostmkf s`lu`ojto m hmkm pmr (ostmkf, ojtrmkm)
Hfdf vo Hfdf voro rodf dfs s milu milujf jfs s t` t`pf pfs s ko dí díqu qu`j `jms ms ko os ostm tmkf kfs s b` b`j` j`tf tfs s pr prfk fkuh uhoj oj rosuitmkfs, d`ojtrms quo pmrm ftrfs t`pfs ko díqu`jms ko ostmkfs b`j`tfs quo jf prf prfkuh kuhoj oj ros rosuit uitmkf mkfs, s, mil milujf ujfs s os ostmk tmkfs fs so kos kos`lj `ljms ms hfd hfdf f ost ostmkf mkfs s ko mhoptmh`øj. Ims díqu`jms ko ostmkf b`j`tf so ut`i`zmj oj duhams mpi`hmh`fjos k`vorsms, `jhiu` `jh iu`kfs kfs ifs prf prflrm lrmdms dms ko hfr hfrroh rohh`ø h`øj j frt frtflr flríb` íb`hm hm,, lrm lrmdít dít`hm `hm,, `jk `jkox oxmh` mh`øj, øj, gþsquokm ko lrmjkos huorpfs ko toxtf, rohfjfh`d`ojtf ko vfz, QDI, A[DI, y prftfhfifs ko rok.
_j onodpif ko ujm díqu`jm ko ostmkf b`j`tf hfj smi`km. Im s`lu`ojto díqu`jm ko ostmkf b`j`tf roprosojtm ujm díqu`jm ko robroshf quo t`ojo humtrf gftfjos ko ojtrmkm mi `jlrosmr ujm dfjokm pmrm hfdprmr ujm Hfhm Hfim f ujm Uops`.
KOXMWWFIIF P MJÍI@X@X KOI UWFGIODM
@j
Ostmkf s`lu`ojto Ojtrmkms Hj G= G7
X5
X=
X7
X5
X=
X5
X5
Ostmkf X5 X= X7 X8
@j
Xmi`km Ojtrmkms Hj G=
G7
X8
J
Hmjhoimr
Hfhm
Uops`
X7
X8
Hmjhoimr
J
Hfhm
Uops`
X=
X7
X8
J
Hmjhoimr
Hfhm
Uops`
X=
X7
X8
J
Hmjhoimr
Hfhm
Uops`
@j, J
X5
Hj, Hmjhoimr Hj, Hmjhoimr
G=, Hfhm
G=, Hfhm
X= Hj, Hmjhoimr
Hj, J
G7, Uops`
G7, Uops`
G7, Uops`
G=, Hfhm Hj, Hmjhoimr
X8 @j, J G7, Uops`
X7
@j, J G=, Hfhm
Mi `jlrosmr juostrm dfjokm pmrm hfdprmr ujm lmsofsm, y s` hmjhoimdfs im mhh`øj, jfs kovfivorí juostrm dfjokm (jf amrí jmkm solþj lríb`hf) porf s` pros`fjmdfs Hfhm f Uops` jfs kmrí juostrm gog`km rospoht`vmdojto Mi tojor juostrm dfjokm `jlrosmkm y aodfs oiol`kf juostrm gog`km hfhm y quorodfs hmjhoimr juostrf pok`kf im dmqu`jm hmjhoimrí juostrf pok`kf, y s` pros`fjmdfs oi gftøj ko Uops` juostrm dmqu`jm jfs kmrí im gog`km Uops` y ym jf im Hfhm Hfim. Mi tojor juostrm dfjokm `jlrosmkm y ym ostmdfs oj juostrm gog`km Uops` s` hmdg`mdfs ko gog`km m Hfhm Hfim, im dmqu`jm jfs kmrí juostrm lmsofsm Hfhm Hf hm f s` ym jf qu quor orod odfs fs jm jmkm km y pros pros`f `fjm jmdf dfs s oi gf gftø tøj j ko hm hmjh jhoi oimr mr,, im dmqu`jm jfs kovfivorí im dfjokm.
Díqu`jm ko ostmkf b`j`tf hfj smi`km (BXD) _jm díqu`jm ko ostmkf b`j`tf D 4 (X, @, F, b, l, sf) hfjs`sto ko uj hfjnujtf b`j`tf ko ostmkfs, uj mibmgotf b`j`tf ko ojtrmkm @, uj mibmgotf b`j`tf ko smi`km F, ujm bujh`øj ko trmjs`h`øj b quo ms`ljm m hmkm pmr ko ostmkfs y ojtrmkm uj juovf ostmkf, ujm bujh`øj ko smi`km l quo ms`ljm m hmkm pmr ko ostmkfs y ojtrmkm ujm smi`km, y uj ostmkf `j`h`mi sf.
Onodpif Im tmgim ko ostmkf y oi k`mlrmdm ko ostmkf roprosojtmj im dmqu`jm ko ostmkfs b`j`tfs hfj X4 {X5, s=, s7, s8}, i 4 {5,=} y F 4 {5,=}
[MGIM 7 Ostmkf X5 X= X7 X8
smi`km
smi`km
5 s= s8 s= s7
5 = = 5 5
= s5 s5 s7 s=
= 5 = = 5
8. Díqu`j Díqu`jms ms ko oostm stmkf kf b` b`j`t j`tf f s`j sm smi`k i`kmm
8.=.
Hfjnujtf ko hmkojms Mutødmtms ko ostmkf ostmkf b`j`tf Wohfjfh`d`ojtf ko `k`fdms pfr díqu`jm ko ostmkf b`j`tf K`soýfs ko mutødmtms ko ostmkf b`j`tf mutødmtms ko ostmkf b`j`tf oqu`vmiojtos mutødmtms ko ostmkf b`j`tf jf kotord`j`stms
Hfjnujtf k koo hm hmkojms
ifs BXD s`j smi`km, porf hfj milujfs ostmkfs kos`ljmk kos`ljmkfs fs hfdf ostmkfs ko mhoptmh`øj ostíj k`soýmkfs ospohäb`hmdojto pmrm rohfjfhor `k`fdms f rohfjfh`d`ojtf ko iojlumno
Onodpif Xom M4{5,==} y G4{=,=5,==5}. Ojhfjtrmr MG y GM. MG4{5=,5=5,5==5, MG4{5=,5=5,5== 5, ===, ===5, ====5} GM4{=5,===,=55,=5==,==55,==5==}
Mutødmtm ko ostmkf b`j`tf _j mutødmtm ko ostmkf b`j`tf D 4 (X, @, b, sf, B) hfjs`sto ko uj hfjnujtf b`j`tf ko ostmkfs X, uj mibmgotf ko ojtrmkm @, ujm bujh`øj ko trmjs`h`øj b quo ms`ljm ujm ostmkf s`lu`ojto m hmkm pmr ko ostmkfs y ojtrmkm (msä quo b> X Q @ ↗ X), uj ostmkf `j`h`mi sf, y uj sughfjnujtf B ko X quo hfjs`sto ko ostmkfs b`jmios f ko mhoptmh`øj.
Onodpif
;. Oxpro Oxpros`f s`fjos jos ro rolui luimro mross
;.=.
Oxpros`fjos roluimros Oi tofrodm ko Cioojo Hfjnujtfs roluimros y lrmdít`hms roluimros [`pfs ko díqu`jms dís pftojtos
Kob`j`h`øj
Os uj oqu`vmiojto milogrm`hf pmrm uj mutødmtm. _t`i`zmkf oj duhafs iulmros hfdf uj iojlumno pmrm koshr`g`r pmtrfjos oj toxtf quo sfj sojh`iifs porf duy þt`ios þt` ios,, mk mkodí odís s puo puokoj koj ko kob`j b`j`r `r oxm oxmhtm htmdo dojto jto ifs d`s d`sdfs dfs ioj iojlum lumnos nos quo ifs mutødmtms puokoj koshr`g`r> Iojlumnos roluimros
Onodpif Im oxpros`øj roluimr> 5=* + =5* kojftm tfkms ims hmkojms quo sfj f uj 5 solu`kf ko humiqu`or hmjt`kmk ko =‐s f uj = solu`kf ko humiqu`or hmjt`kmk ko 5‐s.
;.7.
Díqu`jm ko [ur`jl
Os oi dfkoif dmtodít`hf ko uj k`spfs`t`vf quo so hfdpfrtm hfdf uj mutødmtm b`j`tf y quo k`spfjo ko ujm h`jtm ko ifjl`tuk `jb`j`tm oj im quo so puokoj ioor, oshr os hr`g `g`r `r f gf gfrr rrmr mr sä sädg dgfi fifs fs.. ox ox`s `sto toj j ftrm ftrms s vo vors rs`f `fjo jos s hf hfj j vm vmr` r`ms ms h` h`jt jtms ms,, kotord`j`stms f jf, oth., porf tfkms sfj oqu`vmiojtos (rospohtf m ifs iojlumnos quo mhoptmj). Ims dmqu`jms ko [ur`jl t`ojoj hmpmh`kmkos ko iohturm y oshr`turm oj im h`jtm m dok`km quo im uj`kmk ko hfjtrfi so duovo amh`m mkoimjto y amh`m mtrís m if imrlf ko ostm h`jtm, hmdg`mjkf ko ostmkf kopojk`ojkf koi sädgfif ko h`jtm ioäkf Ims díqu`jms ko [ur`jl sfj dms pftojtos quo ims dmqu`jms ko ostmkf b`j`tf pfr `jhiuyoj hmpmh`kmk ko dodfr`m mk`h`fjmi.
HFJHI_X@ØJ Hfj oi os Hfj ostu tuk` k`f f ko os ostm tm uj uj`k `kmk mk iflr iflrmd mdfs fs oj ojto tojk jkor or ko mi milu lujm jm dm dmjo jorm rm oi hfdpfrtmd`ojtf ko dmqu`jms ko ostmkf b`j`tf f tmdg`àj iimdmkms mutødmtm b`j`tf quo os ujm mgstrmhh`øj hfdputmh`fj hfdputmh`fjmi mi quo koshr`go oi hfdpfrtmd`ojtf ko uj s`stodm romht`vf dok`mjto uj jþdorf kotord`jmkf ko Ostmkfs y uj jþdorf kotord`jmkf ko [rmjs`h`fjos ojtro k`haf Ostmkfs. Ims [rmjs`h`fjos ko uj ostmkf m ftrf so lojormj oj rospuostm m ovojtfs ko ojtrmkm oxtorjfs o `jtorjfs3 m su voz ostms trmjs`h`fjos y/f sugsohuojtos ostmkfs puokoj lojormr ftrfs ovojtfs ko smi`km.
WOHFDOJKMH@ØJ Aug`orm s`kf guojf mafjkmr oj oi todm ko im díqu`jm ko [ur`jl ym quo hfj if pfhf quo `jvost`luà puoko vor quo im díqu`jm ko [ur`jl os dms mvmjzmkm m ims ims dm dmqu qu`j `jms ms ko os ostm tmkf kf b` b`j` j`tf tf,, y hf hfj j milþ milþj j on onod odpi pif f pu puos ostf tf oj pr príh íht` t`hm hm puk`àrmdfs vor huíi ko ims kfs dmqu`jms os dms ob`h`ojto.
G@GI@FLWMBÄM
attp>//iojlymut.giflspft.hfd/75=//iojlymut.giflspft.hfd/75=//fji`jo.utd.oku.oh/piul`jb`io.pap/=?2180/df attps>//fji`jo.utd.oku.oh /piul`jb`io.pap/=?2180/dfkVrosfurho/hfjtoj kVrosfurho/hfjtojt///www.hs.gump.dx/~d tfvmr/kfh/DmtK`sh/Dmqu`jmOstmkfB`j`tf.pkb `jmOstmkfB`j`tf.pkb
attps>//www.tohgfi`v`m.hfd/`jkox.pap/mrt`huifs-y-tutfr`miosd`hrfhfjtrfimkfros/=8-`jtrfkuhh`fj-m-ims-dmqu d`hrfhfjtrfimkfros /=8-`jtrfkuhh`fj-m-ims-dmqu`jms-ko-ostmkf-b`j`tf `jms-ko-ostmkf-b`j`tf
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