Manualidades con materiales de desecho

Dme|l` Wnfqhw Nyírn`h $ Dnlwqyh al La|gngm÷f Mfbnfqm` Dnf|n`manalw ghf dnqlymn`lw al alwlgjh {hy Dme|l` Wnfqhw Nyírn`h wl lfg|lfqyn inch |fn @mglfgmn Gylnqmrl Ghddhfw Nqymi|gm÷f$FhGhdlygmn`$Ghd{nyqmyMe|n` 7&; \f{hyqla &

Dnf|n`manalw {nyn La|gngm÷f Mfbnfqm`

Dme|l` Wnfqhw Nyírn`h

Gnylqn al glyamqh > Dnqlymn`lw • • • • • •

\f {`nqh al gnyq÷f eynfal *91 gd& n{yhz&\f lfrnwl al }he|y Gnyq|`mfn yhwn } i`nfgn Qíd{lyn } {mfq|yn {`îwqmgn *yhcn } i`nfgnAhw ihqhflw h qn{hflw al {`îwqmgh Qmclynw, {mfgl`lw, yhq|`nahylw {lydnflf$ qlw, ehdlqw } gh`n h wm`mghfn gn`mlfql

L`nihyngm÷f  •

•

•

•

Wl {mfqn l` {`nqh ghf qíd{lyn al gh`hy yhwn } l` lfrnwl ghf {mfq|yn {`îwqmgn al` dmwdh gh`hy *`n qíd{lyn fh qynin lf l` lfrnwl al }he|y, {lyh jn} ~|l qlfly g|manah ghf `n {mf$ q|yn {`îwqmgn {hy ~|l dnfgjn `n yh{nWl ylghyqnf h {mgnf `nw hylcnw bhqhgh{mnanw whiyl gnyq|`mfn yhwn gh`hylnfah {ylrmndlfql `n {nyql mfqlymhy ghf glyn yhwn& Ylghyqndhw h {mgndhw `hw hchw bhqhgh{mnahw lf gnyq|`mfn i`nfgn N ghfqmf|ngm÷f {lendhw ghf gh`n h wm`mghfn gn`mlfql `nw hylcnw *{hy alinch al` {`nqh-, } l` jhgmgh lf `n {nyql glfqyn`& [hy ó`qmdh, wl {lenf `hw hchw } whiyl lwqhw ahw ihqhflw } wl ami|cn ghf yhq|`nahy {lydn$ flfql `n ihgn& [haldhw {leny ahw ehdlqw lf l` jhgmgh } lf `hw dhb`lqlw

Dhqmrngm÷f  Lwql qyninch {|lal lwqny mfamgnah {nyn `n \fmana al `hw nfmdn`lw, ghdh dhqmrngm÷f qynw l` g|lfqh al ‐@hw qylw glyamqhw— h {nyn qynincny l` gh`hy yhwn h l` gäyg|`h&

Gnylqn al glyamqh 9 Dnqlymn`lw • • • •

•

\f {`nqh al gnyq÷f eynfal *al |fhw 91 gd&\f lfrnwl al ‐{lqmq w|mwwl— al bylwn Qíd{lyn *yhcn } i`nfgnAhw qn{hflw i`nfghw al {`îwqmgh *al `nw ihql$ ``nw al ylbylwghw h ne|nQmclynw, {mfgl`lw, yhq|`nahylw {lydnflfqlw } gh`n

L`nihyngm÷f  • • • •

•

Whiyl l` {`nqh wlþn`ndhw ghf yhq|`nahy l` gäyg|`h mfqlymhy } `nw ahw hylcnw& Wl ylghyqn l` {`nqh {hy `n `äfln wlþn`nan } wl {mfqn ghf qíd{lyn& Wl {mfqnf ghf yhq|`nahy {lydnflfql `nw {|{m`nw al `hw hchw lf `hw qn{hflw al {`îwqmgh Wl {lenf ghf gh`n h wm`mghfn gn`mlfql l` jhgmgh *lfrnwl al ‐{lqmq w|mwwl—- } `hw hchw *qn{hflwWl ami|cn ghf yhq|`nahy {lydnflfql yhch `n ihgn&

Dhqmrngm÷f  Me|n` ~|l `n dnf|n`mana nfqlymhy, {haldhw yln`msny lwqn wmd{îqmgn gnylqn lf `n \fmana al `hw nfmdn`lw, ghdh dhqmrngm÷f qynw l` g|lfqh al ‐@hw qylw glyamqhw—, {nyn qynincny l` gh`hy yhwn h l` gäyg|`h&

Dnf|n`manalw {nyn La|gngm÷f Mfbnfqm`

Dme|l` Wnfqhw Nyírn`h

Gnylqn al hwmqh Dnqlymn`lw • • • • •

\f {`nqh al gnyq÷f eynfal *91 gd& n{yhzGnyq|`mfn i`nfgn, dnyy÷f } ilmel Qíd{lyn al gh`hy dnyy÷f \f ihq÷f eynfal Qmclynw, {mfgl`lw, gh`n h wm`mghfn gn`mlfql

L`nihyngm÷f  • •

•

Wl {mfqn l` {`nqh ghf qíd{lyn al gh`hy dnyy÷f Wl ylghyqnf h {mgnf `nw amwqmfqnw {nyqlw al `n gnilsn *rly ami|ch nflzh-3 $ `hw hchw bhqhgh{mnahw whiyl gnyq|`mfnw i`nfgnw *{ylrmndlfql gh`hylndhw `nw {|{m`nw$ @nw hylcnw bhqhgh{mnanw whiyl gnyq|`mfn dnyy÷f } `n {nyql mfqlymhy whiyl gnyq|`mfn ilm el $ L` ÷rn`h ~|l ghfqmlfl l` jhgmgh } `n ihgn bhqhgh{mnah whiyl gnyq|`mfn ilmel [hy ó`qmdh, {lendhw ghf gh`n h wm`mghfn gn`mlfql `hw amwqmfqhw l`ldlfqhw lf l` {`nqh

Dhqmrngm÷f  Lwqn dnf|n`mana {|lal lwqny mfamgnan lf amblylfqlw dhdlfqhw& Lf `n \fmana Amaîgqmgn al `hw nfmdn`lw, {nyn qynincny l` gh`hy dnyy÷f *hwg|yh } g`nyh-, ghdh dhqmrngm÷f al` g|lfqh ‐Ymgmqhw al Hyh—&&&

Lfglwqn gnwqnþn Dnqlymn`lw • • • •

\f gm`mfayh al gnyq÷f al {n{l` jmemífmgh Qíd{lyn dnyy÷f } ilmel Gnwqnþnw eynfalw } `nfn h g|lyan al n`eha÷f [mfgl`lw, ehdlqw, yhq|`nahylw {lydnflfqlw } ne|cn al `nfn

L`nihyngm÷f  • • •

Wl {mfqn l` gm`mfayh al gnyq÷f ghf qíd{lyn dnyy÷f } `n {nyql w|{lymhy ghf qíd{lyn ilmel Ghf ehdlqw } yhq|`nahylw ami|cndhw `n gnyn al A£ Gnwqnþn Lfjliyndhw |fhw {hghw dlqyhw al `nfn } {lybhyndhw w|glwmrndlfql `nw gnwqnþnw } `hw gm`mfayhw alcnfah qyndhw al |fhw 9< gd& Alw{|íw `hw ghyqndhw } `lw jngldhw |f f|ah n `nw gnwqnþnw } n` gm`mfayh&

Dhqmrngm÷f  Lwql qynamgmhfn` c|leh `h wh`ldhw jngly ghf l` qldn al` hqhþh, {lyh {haldhw jngly`h ghf |fn ih`n al lfwnyqny h |f qn{÷f al {`îwqmgh ghf hqyn alghyngm÷f amblylfql& Lw |f c|leh ghf gmlyqn ambmg|`qna ~|l wh`ldhw jngly lf < nþhw

Dnf|n`manalw {nyn La|gngm÷f Mfbnfqm`

Dme|l` Wnfqhw Nyírn`h

Wh` Dnqlymn`lw • • • • •

@n qn{n h l` bhfah al |fn gncn al ~|lwmqhw Qíd{lyn ndnym``n Gnyq|`mfn fnynfcn h ndnym``n Ahw qn{hflw i`nfghw al {`îwqmgh [mfgl`lw, qmclynw, yhq|`nahylw {lydnflfqlw } gh`n h wm`mghfn gn`mlfql

L`nihyngm÷f  • •

•

•

Gh`hylndhw ghf qíd{lyn ndnym``n `n {nyql mfqlymhy al `n gncn al ~|lwmqhw Bhqhgh{mndhw `n wm`|lqn al `hw yn}hw lf gnyq|`mfn ndnym``n h fnynfcn *rly ami|ch nflzh} wl ylghyqn h {mgn Wl ami|cnf `nw {|{m`nw ghf yhq|`nahy {lydnflfql whiyl `hw qn{hflw al {`îwqmgh } `n ih$ gn lf `n gncn al ~|lwmqhw Wl {lenf `hw hchw lf l` mfqlymhy al `n gncmqn } `n wm`|lqn al `hw yn}hw lf l` bhfah

Dhqmrngm÷f  [haldhw yln`msny lwqn dnf|n`mana ghf dhqmrh al` rlynfh, {nyn qynincny l` gh`hy ndnym``h h l` gäyg|`h, l` aän } `n fhgjl *ghf `n hqyn dmqna al `n gncn {haldhw jngly `n `|fn ``lfn-, gh$ dh ylen`h {nyn l` aän al `nw dndîw h `hw {n{îw *ghf n`eóf y÷q|`h ghdh ‐®lylw |f wh`.-&&&

`n{mglyh Dnqlymn`lw • • • • •

\f gm`mfayh al gnyq÷f al {n{l` jmemífmgh @n qn{n h l` bhfah al |fn gncn al ~|lwmqhw Gnyq|`mfn ndnym``n Qíd{lyn al ahw gh`hylw n l`lemy [mfgl`lw, qmclynw, gh`n h wm`mghfn, ehdlqw

L`nihyngm÷f  • •

• •

Bhqhgh{mndhw lf gnyq|`mfn ndnym``n `n b`hy *rly ami|ch nflzh[mfqndhw ghf qíd{lyn `n {nyql lzqlymhy al` gm`mfayh } `n {nyql mfqlymhy al `n gncn al ~|l$ wmqhw *dîw rmwqhwh ghf ahw gh`hylw amblylfqlw[mgndhw h ylghyqndhw `n b`hy } `n {lendhw lf l` mfqlymhy al `n gncn [lendhw l` gm`mfayh al gnyq÷f lf l` glfqyh, whiyl `n b`hy& [haldhw alghyny`h ghf eh$ dlqw al amwqmfqhw gh`hylw

Dhqmrngm÷f  [haldhw jngly lwql `n{mglyh n` mfmgmh al` g|ywh lwgh`ny, h ghdh ylgm{mlfqlw g`nwmbmgnqhymhw {nyn l` ymfg÷f al {`îwqmgn *{nyn yhq|`nahylw, {mfgl`lw, glynw, `î{mglw•-

Dnf|n`manalw {nyn La|gngm÷f Mfbnfqm`

Dme|l` Wnfqhw Nyírn`h

Dnglqn al b`hylw Dnqlymn`lw • • • • • •

\f lfrnwl al }he|y Gnyq|`mfnw al gh`hylw amblylfqlw 7 {ncmqnw Ghygjh rlyal *al` ~|l wl |wn {nyn `nw b`hylw[mfq|yn {`îwqmgn Qmclynw h {|fshflw, {mfgl`lw, bmzh h wm`mghfn gn`mlfql

L`nihyngm÷f  •

•

• •

•

Bhqhgh{mndhw qylw dhal`hw al b`hylw *rly ami|ch nflzh- lf gnyq|`mfnw al gh`hylw ambl$ ylfqlw *{haldhw jngly`nw lf gnyq|`mfn i`nfgn } gh`hylny`nw alw{|íw ghf glynw[mfqndhw ghf g|manah l` lfrnwl al }he|y ghf {mfq|yn {`îwqmgn& [haldhw w|wqmq|my`h {hy |fn dnglqn {l~|lþn ~|l {mandhw n `hw fmþhw(nw& Wl yl``lfn l` lfrnwl ghf l` ghygjh rlyal *lwqh alildhw jngly`h fhwhqyhw(nwWl {mgnf h ylghyqnf `nw b`hylw } wl `lw {len {hy alqyîw ghf bmzh h wm`mghfn gn`mlfql `n {nyql w|{lymhy al `nw {ncmqnw& Ylghyqndhw `nw {ncmqnw amnehfn`dlfql jnwqn l` `nyeh alwlnah } `nw g`nrndhw lf l` ghy$ gjh rlyal& [haldhw nþnamy`l jhcmqnw bhqhgh{mnanw lf gnyq|`mfn rlyal&

Dhqmrngm÷f  Lwqn dnglqn al b`hylw lw |f lzgl`lfql ylen`h {nyn l` aän al `nw dndîw h |fn dnf|n`mana d|} ``ndnqmrn {nyn qynincny `n {ymdnrlyn

Dnglqn al `lfqlcnw Dnqlymn`lw • • • •

\f rnwh al gnyq÷f [n{l` al gh`hy Dnfqm``h } `lfqlcnw Qmclynw, gh`n, ehdlqw } yhq|`nahylw

L`nihyngm÷f  •

• •

•

[ymdlyh alildhw wngny `n {`nfqm``n {nyn bhyyny l` rnwh& Bhqhgh{mndhw lwqn {`nfqm``n lf {n{l` al gh`hy Wl ylghyqn `n {`nfqm``n } wl ‐ami|cn— `n gnyn ghf ehdlqw } yhq|`nahylw Wl {len whiyl l` rnwh } wl {`nfqnf `nw `lfqlcnw *yl``lfndhw l` rnwh al dnfqm``h, `lw lgjndhw |fnw {h~|mqnw `lfqlcnw } `nw g|iymdhw ghf |f {hgh al dnfqm``hAlw{|íw al n`e|fhw aänw lf ~|l ylenyldhw ghf gn|ql`n `hw rnwhw *{nyn fh lwqyh{lny l` {n{l`- `l gylglyî l` {l`h n f|lwqyh ndmeh&

Dhqmrngm÷f  Hirmndlfql lwqn ngqmrmana lw ma÷fln lf {ymdnrlyn, ghf l` qldn al `nw {`nfqnw&

Dnf|n`manalw {nyn La|gngm÷f Mfbnfqm`

Dme|l` Wnfqhw Nyírn`h

Wldîbhyh Dnqlymn`lw • •

• • • •

\fn gncn {l~|lþn al sn{nqhw \f gm`mfayh al gnyq÷f al `hw al {n{l` al n`|dmfmh h wmdm`ny Gnyq|`mfn i`nfgn Qíd{lyn rlyal [n{l` {mfhgjh h {n{l` al ldin`ny rlyal Qmclynw, {lendlfqh } wm`mghfn gn`mlfql

L`nihyngm÷f  • • •

•

• •

Bhqhgh{mndhw lf gnyq|`mfn i`nfgn `nw bme|ynw al` wldîbhyh*rly ami|ch nflzh[mfqndhw l` gm`mfayh al gnyq÷f ghf qíd{lyn rlyal Bhyyndhw `nw gncnw ghf {n{l` {mfhgjh rlyal h {n{l` al ldin`ny rlyal, alcnfah `miyl |fn al `nw gnynw {l~|lþnw al `n gncn& Wl {mfqnf `nw bme|ynw ghf glynw *yhcn } rlyal- } wl ylghyqnf `hw ylgqîfe|`hw& Alw{|íw wl {lenf lf gnynw h{|lwqnw al `n gncn [hy ó`qmdh {lendhw l` gm`mfayh lf `n gnyn ~|l fhw jn ~|lanah `miyl ghf wm`mghfn gn`mlfql Lf `|eny al `n gncn al sn{nqhw {haldhw |qm`msny ghygjh i`nfgh al < h 2 gd al eyhwhy ~|l ylghyqndhw ghf |f g|qqly } alw{|íw {mfqndhw ghf qíd{lyn rlyal

Dhqmrngm÷f  @÷emgndlfql lwqn dnf|n`mana lwqn mfamgnan g|nfah nihyaldhw `n la|gngm÷f rmn`, whiyl qhah lf `n \fmana Amaîgqmgn al `n Gn``l& Qndimíf {haldhw |wny`n {nyn qynincny l` gh`hy rlyal

Nrm÷f Dnqlymn`lw •

•

• • •

\f gm`mfayh al gnyq÷f al {n{l` al n`|dmfmh h wmdm`ny Infalcnw al ghygjh i`nfgh *al `nw ~|l wl |wnf {nyn ghdlwqmi`lwGnyqhflw al j|lrhw Qíd{lyn G|qqly, {|fshflw, {mfgl`lw, ehdlqw

L`nihyngm÷f  •

• • • •

• •

[haldhw ghfwle|my `nw infalcnw lf w|{lydlygnahw& Fh alilf wl d|} ey|lwnw {nyn ~|l {|lanf {mgnywl imlf& Jngldhw |fn {`nfqm``n lf gnyq÷f al` n`n } `n n`lqn qynwlyn al` nrm÷f Ghf lwqn {`nfqm``n wl ami|cnf whiyl `nw infalcnw `nw ahw n`nw } `n n`lqn } wl {mgnf Wl {mfqn l` gm`mfayh ghf qíd{lyn Ghf |f g|qqly ylghyqndhw `hw gnyqhflw al j|lrhw ~|l fhw wlyrmyîf ghdh dhyyh al` nrm÷f Ghf `n wm`mghfn gn`mlfql {lendhw `nw n`nw, `n n`lqn qynwlyn } l` dhyyh [haldhw alghyny l` nrm÷f ghf ehdlqw *rlfqnfnw, n`nw•-

Dhqmrngm÷f  Lf `n \fmana al `hw qynfw{hyqlw h lf `n al `hw c|e|lqlw

Dnf|n`manalw {nyn La|gngm÷f Mfbnfqm`

Dme|l` Wnfqhw Nyírn`h

[yhglwm÷f Dnqlymn`lw • • •

Gm`mfayhw al gnyq÷f al {n{l` jmemífmgh [n{l` i`nfgh Glynw, qmclynw } {lendlfqh

L`nihyngm÷f  • • •

•

Bhqhgh{mndhw `hw dhal`hw {nyn Fnsnylfhw } dówmghw al `n infan *rly ami|ch nflzhWl gh`hylnf } ylghyqnf `hw dhal`hw& @n qófmgn wl {len whiyl l` gm`mfayh al gnyq÷f } wl bhydn l` gn{my|gjh ~|l gh`hgnyldhw whiyl `n qófmgn Ghf lwqnw bme|ynw } `hw {nwhw ~|l {haldhw jngly ghf gncnw al bh`mhw {mfqnanw } algh$ ynanw {haldhw lwglfmbmgny |fn {yhglwm÷f

Dhqmrngm÷f  [nyn qynincny `nw qynamgmhflw g|`q|yn`lw al f|lwqyn ghd|fmana nfqlw al `nw rngngmhflw al Wldnfn Wnfqn

Dnyngnw Dnqlymn`lw • • •

Lfrnwlw al ‐ngqmdl`— h wmdm`ny E`hihw Ghya÷f al ehdn l`îwqmgn

L`nihyngm÷f  •

•

Yl``lfny `hw lfrnwlw ghf {l~|lþnw gnfqmanalw al amwqmfqhw l`ldlfqhw3 enyinf$ shw, nyyhs, nsógny•& Qn{ndhw `hw lfrnwlw ghf |f qyhsh al e`hih lwqmynah ~|l w|clqndhw n `n ih~|m$ ``n ghf ghya÷f l`îwqmgh

Dhqmrngm÷f  Lwqn dnf|n`mana {haldhw |wny`n {nyn qynincny `n amwgymdmfngm÷f n|amqmrn, ghdh mfwqy|dlf$ qh {nyn nghd{nþny `nw gnfgmhflw *qynincnfah l` ymqdh- h ghdh ghd{hflfql al amwbyns {nyn `hw gnyfnrn`lw

Dnf|n`manalw {nyn La|gngm÷f Mfbnfqm`

Dme|l` Wnfqhw Nyírn`h

[lglyn Dnqlymn`lw Infalcnw al ghygjh i`nfgh [n{l` al wlan al amwqmfqhw qhfhw al ns|` } al gh`hylw rmrhw [|fshflw } yhq|`nahylw {lydnflfqlw Gh`n

• •

• •

L`nihyngm÷f  •

• •

•

• •

•

[haldhw ghfwle|my `nw infalcnw lf w|{lydlygnahw& Fh alilf wl d|} ey|lwnw {nyn ~|l {|lanf {mgnywl imlf& Jngldhw |fn {`nfqm``n al `n wm`|lqn al ahw {lglw lf gnyq÷f a|yh *rly ami|ch nflzhWl ami|cnf whiyl `nw infalcnw lwqnw wm`|lqnw } wl {mgnf& Wl `l ami|cnf ghf yhq|`nahy {lydnflfql `nw iynf~|mnw } `hw hchw& Wl {mfqnf `hw {lglw ghf gh`n } wl `lw {len {n{l` al wlan al gh`hylw rmrhw& G|nfah wl wl~|l wl ~|mqn ghf g|manah l` {n{l` whiynfql Wl ynwenf qmynw al {n{l` al wlan lf amwqmfqhw qhfhw al ns|`& Wl {mfqn ghf gh`n `n {nyql mfqlymhy al `n infalcn } wl rnf {lenfah n`lnqhymndlfql `nw qmynw al {n{l`& G|nfah wl wl~|l wl `l an hqyn dnfh al gh`n [lendhw ghf gh`n h wm`mghfn gn`mlfql ahw qn{hflw al ghygjh lf `n infalcn } whiyl lw$ qhw `hw ahw {lglw

Dhqmrngm÷f  [haldhw jngly`h lf `n \fmana al `hw nfmdn`lw h {nyn qynincny `hw qhfhw al` gh`hy ns|`

[mwn{n{l`lw Dnqlymn`lw •

•

• • •

\f qngh al dnalyn *`hw {hayldhw `hgn`m$ sny lfqyl `hw ylghyqlw al g|n`~|mly gny{mf$ qlyän\fn {mlayn hrn`nan eynfal } ahw {l~|l$ þnw h {`nwqm`mfn al gh`hy } i`nfgn Qíd{lyn al gh`hy \fn {`|dn [mfgl`lw, gh`n h wm`mghfn gn`mlfql

L`nihyngm÷f  • •

•

•

[mfqndhw l` qngh al dnalyn ghf qíd{lyn al n`eóf gh`hy rmrh [mfqndhw `nw {mlaynw *`n eynfal al |f gh`hy rmrh } `nw {l~|lþnw al i`nfgh- \fn rls wlgnw `l {mfqndhw `n ihgn ghf qíd{lyn i`nfgn } `nw {|{m`nw fleynw h ns|`lw Wm h{qndhw {hy `n {`nwqm`mfn, jngldhw |fn ih`n eynfal ~|l n{`nwqnyldhw whiyl `n dlwn ghf {`nwqm`mfn al gh`hy } ahw ih`nw {l~|lþnw i`nfgnw {nyn `hw hchw& [nyn `nw {|{m`nw |wndhw ahw ih`nw {l~|lþnw ~|l mfqyha|gmdhw lf `hw hchw } {nyn `n ihgn |f ‐bmalmqh— al {`nwqm`mfn i`nfgn ~|l n{`nwqndhw whiyl `n gnyn W÷`h fhw ~|lan {leny `hw l`ldlfqhw ghf gh`n h wm`mghfn gn`mlfql, gh`hgîfah`l `n {`|dn alqyîw al `hw hchw

Dhqmrngm÷f  [haldhw |wny lwqn dnf|n`mana ghdh ylen`h {nyn l` aän al` {nayl h {nyn c|eny n` qylw lf yn}n lf `n n`bhdiyn, |wnfah {mwn{n{l`lw al ahw gh`hylw amblylfqlw&

Dnf|n`manalw {nyn La|gngm÷f Mfbnfqm`

Dme|l` Wnfqhw Nyírn`h

[hyqnylqynqhw Dnqlymn`lw Infalcnw al ghygjh i`nfgh [n{l` al wlan al gh`hy [|fshflw } yhq|`nahylw al gh`hylw [lendlfqh } wm`mghfn gn`mlfql

• • • •

L`nihyngm÷f  •

•

•

• •

•

•

[haldhw ghfwle|my `nw infalcnw lf w|{lydlygnahw& Fh alilf wl d|} ey|lwnw {nyn ~|l {|lanf {mgnywl imlf& L` qndnþh {|lal wly whiyl >1$>< gd& {hy >:$9; gd& Ylghyqndhw ghf l` ‐g|qqly— |f ylgqîfe|`h al :z>9 lf l` glfqyh al `n infalcn {nyn alcny |f j|lgh {nyn `n bhqheynbän *lrmalfqldlfql lwqh alil jngly`h l` dnlwqyh(nWhiyl l` ylgqîfe|`h al ghygjh ~|l jldhw ylghyqnah {lendhw `n mdnelf al `n b`hy } l` e|wnfh *wl nac|fqn dhal`hGh`hylnf ghf yhq|`nahylw `n b`hy } l` e|wnfh } {hwqlymhydlfql `h {mgnf ghf {|fshflw& L` dnygh {|lal bhyynywl {lenfah qyhshw al {n{l` al wlan al gh`hylw h imlf {mfqny`h ghf {mfq|yn {`îwqmgn *`n qíd{lyn fh qynin lf lwql dnqlymn`Wly dhfqn l` ghfc|fqh {lenfah l` e|wnfh } `n b`hy ghf wm`mghfn gn`mlfql } `n bhqh *>;z>1{hy `n {nyql {hwqlymhy& [nyn dnfqlfly lf {äl l` {hyqnyylqynqhw wl ghyqn |f qymîfe|`h al ghygjh i`nfgh } wl {len ghf wm`mghfn gn`mlfql alqyîw al `n bhqh

Dhqmrngm÷f  [haldhw jngly`h ghdh ylen`h {nyn l` aän al` {nayl h l` aän al `n dnayl

Dnym{hwn Dnqlymn`lw • • •

• • • •

\f lfrnwl al ‐Ngqmdl`— h wmdm`ny Gnyq|`mfn \fn ih`n al ghygjh i`nfgh *`nw rlfalf lf qmlfanw al dnf|n`manalw- h |fn {l`hqn al {mfe${hfe \f inwqhfgm``h al n`eha÷f Qíd{lyn al gh`hy Glynw, yhq|`nahylw } {n{l` al wlan [mfgl`lw } wm`mghfn gn`mlfql

L`nihyngm÷f  • • • •

•

•

[mfqndhw `n ih`n al ghygjh ghf qíd{lyn al n`eóf gh`hy rmrh [mfqndhw `n gnyn al `n dnym{hwn ghf yhq|`nahylw *hchw, fnyms } ihgnGh`hylndhw } ylghyqndhw `nw n`nw al `n dnym{hwn *wl nac|fqn dhal`hGhyqndhw |f inwqhfgm``h al n`eha÷f {hy `n dmqna } gh`hylndhw l` lzqyldh al` dmwdh gh`hy ~|l `n gnyn *inwqn w|dlyemy l` lzqyldh lf `n qíd{lyn `ä~|manW÷`h fhw ~|lan {leny `hw l`ldlfqhw ghf wm`mghfn gn`mlfql, gh`hgîfah`l `nw n`nw } `n gn$ ilsn whiyl `n n{ylq|yn al` lfrnwl al ‐Ngqmdl`—& [haldhw alghyny l` ‐g|ly{h— al `n dnym{hwn ghf yhq|`nahylw h {n{l` al wlan

Dhqmrngm÷f  [haldhw |wny lwqn dnf|n`mana ghdh ylen`h {nyn l` aän al `n dnayl, ghdh dhqmrngm÷f jngmn `n {ymdnrlyn h lf yl`ngm÷f n |f g|lfqh *‐Nwm wl jmgmlyhf ndmehw— La& Lrlylwq-

Ami|chw } {`nfqm``nw {nyn dnf|n`manalw

Dme|l` Wnfqhw Nyírn`h

Gnylqn al glyamqh [haldhw bhqhgh{mny l` ghfc|fqh lf gnyq|`mfn i`nfgn } alw{|íw gh`hylny`h ghf glynw h qíd{lyn& Qndimíf {haldhw bhqhgh{mny `nw hylcnw lf gnyq|`mfn yhwn gh`hylnfah l` mfqlymhy ghf glyn yhwn } `hw hchw lf gnyq|`mfn i`nfgn, {leîfah`l |fhw ihqhflw ghdh {|{m`nw h am$ i|cîfah`nw ghf yhq|`nahy fleyh&

Ami|chw } {`nfqm``nw {nyn dnf|n`manalw

Dme|l` Wnfqhw Nyírn`h

Gnylqn al hwmqh @hw hchw `hw bhqhgh{mndhw lf gnyq|`mfn i`nfgn, `nw hylcnw lf gnyq|`mfn dnyy÷f } `n ihgn } `n {nyql mfqlymhy al `nw hylcnw lf gnyq|`mfn ilmel& Qndimíf {haldhw bhqhgh{mny`h qhah lf gnyq|`mfn i`nfgn } gh`hylny`h ghf glynw lf `hw gh`hylw mfamgnahw

Ami|chw } {`nfqm``nw {nyn dnf|n`manalw

Dme|l` Wnfqhw Nyírn`h

Wh` Bhqhgh{mndhw lwqn bme|yn lf gnyq|`mfn ndnym``n h fnynfcn {nyn {leny`n lf l` bhfah al `n gncmqn al ~|lwmqhw

Ami|chw } {`nfqm``nw {nyn dnf|n`manalw

Dme|l` Wnfqhw Nyírn`h

Emynwh` Bhqhgh{mndhw lwqn bme|yn lf gnyq|`mfn ndnym``n {nyn {leny`n lf l` bhfah al `n gncmqn al ~|lwmqhw& @n gncmqn `n gh`hylndhw ghf qíd{lyn dnyy÷f } `n yl``lfndhw ghf {m{nw al emyn$ wh` {lenanw ghf gh`n&

Ami|chw } {`nfqm``nw {nyn dnf|n`manalw

Dme|l` Wnfqhw Nyírn`h

@n{mglyh Bhqhgh{mndhw lwqn bme|yn lf gnyq|`mfn g`nyn *ndnym``n, yhwn•- } alw{|íw al ylghyqny`n h {mgny`n `n {lendhw lf l` bhfah al `n gncmqn al ~|lwmqhw& Whiyl `n b`hy {lendhw l` gm`mfayh al gnyq÷f&

Ami|chw } {`nfqm``nw {nyn dnf|n`manalw

Dme|l` Wnfqhw Nyírn`h

Dnglqn al b`hylw Bhqhgh{mndhw `nw b`hylw lf gnyq|`mfn i`nfgn } alw{|íw gh`hylndhw ghf glynw h `nw bhqh$ gh{mndhw lf gnyq|`mfnw al amblylfqlw gh`hylw& @n dnym{hwn {haldhw |wny`n {leîfah`n whiyl |fn b`hy ghdh y÷q|`h {nyn ylen`h n `nw dndîw&

Ami|chw } {`nfqm``nw {nyn dnf|n`manalw

Dme|l` Wnfqhw Nyírn`h

Dnglqn ghf |fn b`hy Bhqhgh{mndhw lwqn b`hylw lf gnyq|`mfn al n`eóf gh`hy rmrh& L` glfqyh `h yl``lfndhw ghf ih$ `mqnw al {n{l` al wlan& Ylghyqndhw h {mgndhw } `l {lendhw {hy alqyîw |f al{ylwhy al dnalyn& @nw jhcnw `nw bhqhgh{mndhw lf gnyq|`mfn rlyal } alw{|íw al ylghyqny`nw `nw {l$ endhw {hy alqyîw al` al{ylwhy& Lw |fn rnymngm÷f dîw wmd{`l al `n dnf|n`mana nfqlymhy&

Ami|chw } {`nfqm``nw {nyn dnf|n`manalw

Dme|l` Wnfqhw Nyírn`h

Wldîbhyh Bhqhgh{mndhw `nw bme|ynw lf gnyq|`mfn i`nfgn } wl gh`hylnf wleóf l` g÷ameh& Alw{|íw wl ylghyqnf } wl {lenf lf `nw gnynw h{|lwqnw al `n gncn&

Ami|chw } {`nfqm``nw {nyn dnf|n`manalw

Dme|l` Wnfqhw Nyírn`h

Fnsnylfh *qófmgnWl bhqhgh{mn l` ami|ch lf {n{l` i`nfgh& Wl gh`hyln, wl ylghyqn } wl {len lf l` gm`mfayh al gnyq÷f&

Ami|chw } {`nfqm``nw {nyn dnf|n`manalw

Dme|l` Wnfqhw Nyírn`h

Fnsnylfh *gn{myhqlWl bhqhgh{mn l` ami|ch lf {n{l` i`nfgh& Wl gh`hyln, wl ylghyqn } wl {len bhydnfah |f gh$ fh ~|l gh`hgnyldhw whiyl `n qófmgn&

Ami|chw } {`nfqm``nw {nyn dnf|n`manalw

Dme|l` Wnfqhw Nyírn`h

[lglyn Wl wngn |fn {`nfqm``n al gnyq÷f al `n wm`|lqn al `hw {lglw& Ghf lwqn {`nfqm``n ami|cndhw `hw {lglw whiyl l` {h`mw{îf, } wl {mgnf&

Nrm÷f Wl wngn |fn {`nfqm``n al gnyq÷f al` n`n } `n n`lqn {hwqlymhy& Ghf lwqn {`nfqm``n ami|cndhw `nw n`nw } `n n`lqn whiyl l` {h`mw{îf, } wl {mgnf&

@n{mglyh Bhqhgh{mndhw lwqnw mdîelflw lf bh`mhw } `nw ylghyqndhw& Wl gh`hylnf `hw ami|chw } wl {lenf whiyl l` qyhsh al ghygjh i`nfgh& Alw{|íw wl {mgnf `nw mdîelflw&

N`nw {nyn `n dnym{hwn Wl bhqhgh{mn lf gnyq|`mfn } wl gh`hyln `miyldlfql