Manual

 

Uäifkd 4 gm 96 

K]LMQ K]L MQ@H@IFD @H@IFD O@L O@LA A FKDGD Ufmgdg Ufmgd g Udtrf Udtrfof ofd d Qf`s W`aÿk Cuhf`45/1511

 

Uäifkd 1 gm 96 

K]LMQ@H@IFD Hd kulmr`h`iìd ms mh drtm mxprmsdr d trdvæs gm h`s kólmr`s, fgmds drqumtìpfods. Mst`s kólmr`s rmprmsmktdk prfkofpf`s ukfvmrsdhms y mkofmrrdk mk sì lfsl`s hd mv`huofÿk gm t`gds hds o`sds, pums p`smmk uk `rgmk qum dadrod gmsgm h` läs ìknfl` o`l` smr uk ät`l`, o`l` jdstd hd lfsld fklmksfgdg gmh ukfvmrs`. Mstd ofmkofd tuv` su `rfimk mk h`s sìla`h`s utfhfzdg`s pdrd mxprmsdr hds fgmds y pmksdlfmkt`s gmh j`larm dktfiu`. Mk hd jfst`rfd gm hd Kulmr`h`iìd Mxfstmk msorft`s luy dktfiu`s gm vfmcds ofvfhfzdof`kms, sm sdam qum su pds` dh lukg` `oofgmktdh num irdofds d Uftäi`rds, mh irdk nfhÿs`n` y ldtmlätfo` irfmi` qum vfvfÿ mk mh sfih` ^F DG. Uftäi`rds vfdcdad d @rfmktm mk aósqumgd gmh O`k`oflfmkt` _upmrf`r, mh mk su rmirms` nukg` irup`s mk h`s qum sm mstugfdad mh sfla`hfsl` gm h`s kólmr`s y su rmhdofÿk o`k hds hmtrds. H`s o`k`oflfmkt`s o`k`oflfmkt `s gm Kulmr`h`iìd qum j`y tmkml`s sm h`s gmaml`s d Uftäi`rds yd qum mh vmìd mk pdutds kulærfods hd mxphfodofÿk gm h`s nmkÿlmk`s kdturdhms y ukfvmrsdhms. Hd kulmr`h`iìd o`l` sm hd o`k`om j`y mk gìd ms uk drtm luy dktfiu`, yd qum h`s dhndamt`s k`-sm jdaìdk ormdg` y hd ofmkofd gm h`s kólmr`s yd mrd uk drtm mk hd dktfiømgdg. D trdvæs gm mstd ofmkofd dktfiud p`gml`s mktmkgmr y o`lprmkgmr o`l` nukof`kd mst` qum hhdldl`s ukfvmrs`, mk t`g`s sus dspmot`s, yd qum irdofds d hds dkdh`iìds p`gml`s mstdahmomr rmhdof`kms luy gfrmotds. Hd kulmr`h`iìd o`l` drtm ms ukd ofmkofd qum k`s pumgm fkgfodr oudh ms mh odlfk` qum gmaml`s t`ldr y ouäh smrìd hd lmc`r mstrdtmifd pdrd mko`ktrdr hd nmhfofgdg, d pdrtfr gm qum gmsouardl`s h`s g`kms qum Gf`s pus` mk kumstrds ldk`s ` mk kumstr`s k`larms.

 

Uäifkd ? gm 96 

Mstm drtm tfmkm hd vfrtug gm prmgmofr, mh pdsdg`, prmsmktm y nutur`, mh oudh k`s dhmrtd s`arm jmoj`s o`kormt`s y dastrdot`s. Hd Kulmr`h`iìd k` s`h` mstugfd h`s k`larms, tdlafæk mstugfd hds nmojds gm kdoflfmkt` mk hd oudh mko`ktrdl`s gmtdhhms domrod gm kumstr` gmstfk`.

Uäifkd 7 gm 96 

 

Odrdotmrfzdofÿk drdotmrfzdofÿk g gm m lf kulmr` ku lmr` pmrs`kdh ^fardof`kdh ^fardof` kdh W`ldrml`s hd nmojd o`lphmtd gm kumstr` kdoflfmkt` y hd suldrml`s jdstd hhmvdrhd d uk s`h` gfift`. Mcmlph` Lf nmojd gm kdoflfmkt` ms 17 gm k`vfmlarm gm 46>9 Mkt`koms3 1+7< > 4+ 4 < 1 4+6+>+9< 1? 1+?< = Mkt`koms

>+1+=< 4?< 4+?< 7 lf kólmr` vfardof`kdh vfardof`kd h Umrs`kdh ms

7

 

V d pdrtfr gm sdamr mstm kulmr` p`grml`s vmr gmtmkfgdlmktm odgd uk` gm h`s gmtdhhms qum s`armsdhmk mk odgd uk` gm kumstr`s kólmr`s.

 

Uäifkd = gm 96 

Kólmr` 4 Mk hd Kulmr`h`iìd, mh Kólmr` 4 pmrtmkmom dh irup` gm h`s Kólmr`s Urfldrf`s y `oupd uk huidr gmstdodg` mk hd Kulmr`h`iìd, yd qum sfla`hfzd mh o`lfmkz` gm t`g` y rmprmsmktd mh mi`, sfk mh oudh hd vfgd juldkd k` tmkgrìd mxprmsfÿk y gmcdrìd gm mxfstfr. Mh ]k` ms mh fkfof`, mh prfkofpf`, mh o`lfmkz`. Ms hd lmktm Gfvfkd, mh ormdg`r ukfvmrsdh. G`lfkdg` p`r hd fknhumkofd mkmriætfod gmh _`h, o`rrmsp`kgm dh sfik` Hm`. O`k`om mh sfikfnfodg` gmh Kólmr` 4 mk hd Kulmr`h`iìd, h` qum rmvmhd s`arm mh pmrnfh psfo`hÿifo` y h`s rdsi`s gm pmrs`kdhfgdg gm hds pmrs`kds qum vfvmk adc` su fknhumkofd. U`hdrfgdg - Vdki Mhmlmkt` - Numi` Uhdkmtd Qmimktm - _`h

 

Uäifkd > gm 96 

_fik` gmh S`gìdo` - Hm` Gìd - G`lfki` O`h`r - Q`c`

_fikfnfodg` - Numrtm, dlafof`s`, fkk`vdg`r, dotfv`, ormdg`r Dtrfaut`s Urfkofpdhms - Dotfv`, gmofgfg`, tmkdz, smiur` Odrdotmrìstfods Odrdotmrìstf ods mk hds Qmhdof`kms Qmhdof`k ms - Fldifkdtfv`, Fldifkdtfv`, numrtm, fkgmpmkgfmktm, fkgmpmkgfmk tm, dotfv`.

Dspmot`s _`ofdhms - Qmsmrvdg`, fkgmpmkgfmktm. Dspmot`s U`sftfv`s - J`kmst`, ìktmir`. Dspmot`s Kmidtfv`s - Fkt`hmrdktm, orìtfo`, drr`idktm, g`lfkdktm, dut`rftdrf`. Mh Kólmr` Kólmr` 4 fhulfkd gmläs gmläsdas`hut`, kólmr`s kól mr`s , ms mh prflmr kólmr` nìsfo`. _fmkg` t`g`s mh ókfo`h`s kólmr` sfla`hfzd hd mxprmsfÿk gfvfkd. Ms hd ohdvm gm hd mxprmsfÿk vmradh y rmprmsmktd mh mi`. Wfmkm hd mkmriìd gm su phdkmtd g`lfkdktm, mh _`h, pr`tdi`kfstd gm hd fgmktfgdg, fkgfvfgudhfgdg y sfla`hfsl` gm hd nfiurd pdtmrkd. Ms hd ohdvm gm kumstrd jdafhfgdg o`lukfodtfvd. _u sfik` gmh S`gìdo` o`rrmsp`kgm d Hm`, ms mh sfik` gmh sdkt` y gmh tfrdk`, gmh sdhvdg`r y gmh gfotdg`r.

Mk su dspmot` p`sftfv`, mh Kólmr` 4 ms j`kmst` m ìktmir`2 mk mh dspmot` kmidtfv`, ms g`lfkdktm y dut`rftdrf`.

 

Uäifkd 9 gm 96 

K]LMQ@ G@_ Mh sfikfnfodg` gmh Kólmr` 1 mk hd Kulmr`h`iìd mstä ds`ofdg` d hd vfardofÿk mkmriætfod gm hd Hukd y su sfik` gm fknhumkofd ms Oäkomr. Mh Kólmr` G`s pmrtmkmom dh irup` gm h`s Kólmr`s Urfldrf`s, sfmkg` mh prflmr Kólmr` mspfrftudh, mstdkg` rmhdof`kdg` o`k h`s smktflfmkt`s. Ms mh kólmr` gm hd fktufofÿk, gm hd smksfafhfgdg y gmh smktflfmkt`. Qmprmsmktd hd gudhfgdg juldkd y sfla`hfzd kumstrd kmomsfgdg gm n`rldr pdrtm gm ukd pdrmcd. O`k`om mh sfikfnfodg` gmh Kólmr` 1 mk hd Kulmr`h`iìd, h` qum rmvmhd s`arm mh pmrnfh psfo`hÿifo` y h`s rdsi`s gm pmrs`kdhfgdg gm hds pmrs`kds qum vfvmk adc` su fknhumkofd. U`hdrfgdg - Vfk Mhmlmkt` - Diud

 

Uäifkd : gm 96 

Oudhfgdg - Nfc` Uhdkmtd Qmimktm - Hukd _fik` gmh S`gìdo` - Oäkomr Gìd - Hukms O`h`r - Kdrdkcd _fikfnfodg` - Drtìstfo`, dndahm, dldahm, fkvmktfv`, mkodktdg`r, fktuftfv` Dtrfaut`s Urfkofpdhms - Gfph`lätfo`, ormdtfv`, fktuftfv`, ml`of`kdh Odrdotmrìstfods mk hds Qmhdof`kms - Dldahm, dndahm, o`lprmksfv`, odrfô`s` Dspmot`s _`ofdhms - _`ofdahm, sflpätfo`, o`lprmksfv` Dspmot`s U`sftfv`s - _mksfahm, fktuftfv`, gfph`lätfo` Dspmot`s Kmidtfv`s - Udsfv`, ndhs`, gmprmsfv` Mh Kólmr` 1 ms mh kólmr` kó lmr` gm gudhfgdg y gmh mqufhfarf` y rmprmsmktd hd mxprmsfÿk gmh Dhld mk t`gds sus gflmksf`kms. _u sfik` gmh S`gìdo` ms Oäkomr y su phdkmtd g`lfkdktm ms hd Hukd, mh dstr` ds`ofdg` d h`s fkstfkt`s, mh suao`ksofmktm y t`g` h` qum sfla`hfzd hd nfiurd nmlmkfkd y ldtmrkd

 

Uäifkd 6 gm 96 

K]LMQ@ WQM_ Mk hd Kulmr`h`iìd, mh sfikfnfodg` gmh Kólmr` ? mstä ds`ofdg` o`k hd ndlfhfd, mh æxft` y hd o`kohusfÿk. dh irup` h`s Kólmr`s y rmprmsmktd mh phdkmtdUmrtmkmom Cópftmr y h`s sfik`s gm _diftdrf` y Ufsofs.prfldrf`s Hds pmrs`kds o`k mstm Kólmr` dldk hd hfamrtdg, s`k numrtms, `ridkfzdgds y `ptflfstds. Kukod sm rfkgmk, mkodrdk hd dgvmrsfgdg y trdadcdk drgudlmktm pdrd h`irdr sus `acmtfv`s y o`lphmtdr hds tdrmds. O`k`om mh sfikfnfodg` gmh Kólmr` ? mk hd Kulmr`h`iìd, h` qum rmvmhd s`arm mh pmrnfh psfo`hÿifo` y h`s rdsi`s gm pmrs`kdhfgdg gm hds pmrs`kds qum vfvmk adc` su fknhumkofd. U`hdrfgdg - Vdki Mhmlmkt` - Dfrm Oudhfgdg - Lutdahm

 

Uäifkd 45 gm 96 

Uhdkmtd Qmimktm - Cópftmr _fik`s gmh S`gìdo` - _diftdrf` y Ufsofs Gìd - ldrtms O`h`r - Dldrfhh` _fikfnfodg` - Mkærifo`, gfsofphfkdg`, tdhmkt`s`, mxft`s`, fkgmpmkgfmktm, o`ktr`hdg`r Dtrfaut`s Urfkofpdhms - Mkmriætfo`, mxft`s`, tdhmkt`s`, puktudh Odrdotmrìstfods mk hds Qmhdof`kms - O`ktr`hdg`r, mkmriætfo`, fkgmpmkgfmktm, pr`nms`r Dspmot`s _`ofdhms - _`ofdahm, o`kvmrsdg`r, mxtr`vmrtfg` Dspmot`s U`sftfv`s - Dndahm, imkmr`s`, `ptflfstd Dspmot`s Kmidtfv`s - @riuhh`s`, o`ktr`hdg`r, mktr`lmtfg` Mh Kólmr` ? sfla`hfzd hd doofÿk mk mh phdk` gm hd Kdturdhmzd. Mstä dhfkmdg` o`k h`s sfik`s _diftdrf` y Ufsofs y tfmkm d Cópftmr, Có pftmr, mh dstr` gm hd sdafgurìd, vfsfÿk y hd mxpdksfÿk, o`l` phdkmtd g`lfkdktm. Mk hd dktfiømgdg, mh Wrms mrd o`ksfgmrdg` mh kólmr` pmrnmot`, pums rmprmsmktd tfmlp`, ldtmrfd y mspdof`2 hdri`, dkoj` y pr`nukgfgdg2 sÿhfg`, hìqufg` y idsm`s`. Mstä tdlafæk vfkouhdg` dh trfäkiuh`, sìla`h` gm hd hÿifod, gmh fktmhmot` y gm hd rdzÿk. Wrms ms, fiudhlmktm, mh Kólmr` gmh æxft` y gm hd o`kohusfÿk.

 

Uäifkd 44 gm 96 

K]LMQ@ O]DWQ@ Mh Oudtr` pmrtmkmom dh irup` Kólmr`s Urfldrf`s (gmh 4 dh 6). Qmprmsmktd mh phdkmtd ]rdk`, dsì o`l` hds oudtr` mstdof`kms gmh dô`, h`s pukt`s odrgfkdhms y h`s oudtr` Mhmlmkt`s. _m o`ksfgmrd mh Kólmr` gm hd sumrtm, nfdafhfgdg y mstdafhfgdg. Mh sfik` gmh S`gìdo` ds`ofdg` o`k æh ms Doudrf`. O`k`om mh sfikfnfodg` gmh Kólmr` 7 mk hd Kulmr`h`iìd, h` qum rmvmhd r mvmhd s`arm mh pmrnfh psfo`hÿifo` y h`s rdsi`s gm pmrs`kdhfgdg gm hds pmrs`kds qum vfvmk adc` su fknhumkofd. U`hdrfgdg - Vfk Mhmlmkt` - Wfmrrd Oudhfgdg - Odrgfkdh

 

Uäifkd 41 gm 96 

Uhdkmtd Qmimktm - ]rdk` _fik` gmh S`gìdo` - Doudrf` Gìd - Lfæro`hms O`h`r - ^mrgm _fikfnfodg` - Mstdahm, präotfo`, pdofmktm, rmamhgm, k` o`kvmkof`kdh, dfshdg` Dtrfaut`s Urfkofpdhms - Hÿifod, jmoj`s o`kormt`s, s`arfmgdg, mxft`s` d hdri` phdz`, odpdofgdg gm trdadc`, j`kmstfgdg, s`hfgmz Odrdotmrìstfods mk hds Qmhdof`kms - Umrsfstmktm, cust`, nfmh, gmgfodg`, odutmh`s` Dspmot`s _`ofdhms - _`hftdrf`, p`o` o`kvmkof`kdh, fktr`vmrtfg`, rmsmrvdg` Dspmot`s U`sftfv`s - Umrsmvmrdktm, nfrlm mk h`s pr`pÿsft`s, trdadcdg`r, mktusfdstd Dspmot`s Kmidtfv`s - Nrf`, flpdofmktm, flprugmktm Mh Kólmr` 7 mstä ds`ofdg` o`k mh sfik` gm Doudrf` y mstä rmifg` p`r ]rdk`, mh phdkmtd gm hd `rfifkdhfgdg, hd rmk`vdofÿk y hd rmv`huofÿk. Mh Oudtr` ms doofÿk, h`ir`, mstdafhfgdg, smiurfgdg, nfrlmzd, custfofd, j`kmstfgdg y `ridkfzdofÿk. Hds pmrs`kds o`k mstm kólmr` s`k präotfods, sÿhfgds, numrtms, rmsfstmktms y r`austds. Dprmofdk hds o`sds aumkds gm hd vfgd y hms iustd lfldrsm, d pmsdr gmh p`o` fktmræs mk douluhdr afmkms ldtmrfdhms.

 

Uäifkd 4? gm 96 

K]LMQ@ OFKO@ Mh Kólmr` pmrtmkmom irup` gm Kólmr`ss`ofdhms. Urfldrf`s (gmh 4 dh y6).mkodktdg`r, Mstm ms mh kólmr` gm =h`s smktfg`s dh y gm hds jdafhfgdgms @ourrmktm ms ukd pmrs`kdhfgdg qum sm gmcd smguofr p`r hd dhmirìd gm vfvfr. Mh odlaf` ms ukd pdhdard ohdvm pdrd hds pmrs`kds Ofko`. O`k`om mh sfikfnfodg` gmh Kólmr` = mk hd Kulmr`h`iìd, qum rmvmhd s`arm mh pmrnfh psfo`hÿifo` y h`s rdsi`s gm pmrs`kdhfgdg gm hds pmrs`kds qum vfvmk adc` su fknhumkofd. U`hdrfgdg - Vdki Mhmlmkt` - Numi` Oudhfgdg - Nfc`

 

Uäifkd 47 gm 96 

Uhdkmtd Qmimktm - Lmrourf` _fik`s gmh S`gìdo` - Iælfkfs y ^fri` Gìd - Cumvms O`h`r - Dzuh _fikfnfodg` - Dkfldg`, gmgfodg` dh phdomr, flpuhsfv`, frrdof`kdh, mlprmkgmg`r Dtrfaut`s Urfkofpdhms - Wmksfÿk kmrvf`sd, ldikmtfsl` pmrs`kdh, gmsm` gm k`vmgdg, ourf`sfgdg, dtrdoofÿk smxudh, fkspfrdofÿk, fkvmktfvd, jdafhfgdg mk hds rmhdof`kms Odrdotmrìstfods mk hds Qmhdof`kms - Dldktm gmh phdomr, fkguhimktm, gfvmrtfg`, rmhdcdg` Dspmot`s _`ofdhms - Gfvmrtfg`, s`ofdahm, mh`oumktm Dspmot`s U`sftfv`s - Hfarm, `sdg`, ourf`s`, mktusfdstd, dgdptdahm, nhmxfahm Dspmot`s Kmidtfv`s - Kmrvf`s`, frrftdahm, sm daurrm näofhlmktm Mh Kólmr` = dadrod g`s sfik`s gmh S`gìdo`, Iælfkfs y ^fri`, sfmkg` mh phdkmtd g`lfkdktm Lmrourf`, sìla`h` gm hd o`lukfodofÿk, gm h`s jmrldk`s y gm h`s vfdcms. Mh Ofko` ms l`vflfmkt`, hfamrtdg, dvmkturd, mv`huofÿk y ourf`sfgdg. Ms fktmhfimktm, `ourrmktm, arfhhdktm, dtrmvfg`, mlprmkgmg`r, dvmkturmr` y vmrsätfh. _`k smksudhms y smguot`rms.

 

Uäifkd 4= gm 96 

K]LMQ@ _MF_ Mh Kólmr` _mfs pmrtmkmom dh irup` gm h`s Kólmr`s Urfldrf`s (gmh 4 dh 6). Mstd pmrs`kdhfgdg ms luy ormdtfvd, smrmkd, trdkqufhd, odhldgd, j`idrmôd, mqufhfardgd, sfkomrd, hmdh y dnmotfvd. _u phdkmtd g`lfkdktm ms ^mkus y tfmkm g`s sfik`s gmh S`gìdo`3 Wdur` y Hfard. Luojds pmrs`kds gm _mfs s`k r`läktfo`s fkourdahms y sm mkdl`rdk rmpmktfkd m fktmksdlmktm. _`k dhlds smksudhms qum dprmofdk hd drl`kìd y hd amhhmzd. O`k`om mh sfikfnfodg` gmh Kólmr` > mk hd Kulmr`h`iìd, qum rmvmhd s`arm mh pmrnfh psfo`hÿifo` y h`s rdsi`s gm pmrs`kdhfgdg gm hds pmrs`kds qum vfvmk adc` su fknhumkofd. U`hdrfgdg - Vfk Mhmlmkt` - Diud

 

Uäifkd 4> gm 96 

Oudhfgdg - Lutdahm Uhdkmtd Qmimktm - ^mkus _fik`s gmh S`gìdo` - Wdur` y Hfard Gìd - vfmrkms O`h`r - Ìkgfi` _fikfnfodg` - Nfdahm, gfik` gm o`knfdkzd, odrfô`s`, dtmkt`, rms`hutfv`, o`lukfodtfv` Dtrfaut`s Urfkofpdhms - Qmspmt` p`r hds trdgfof`kms, smktfg` gm vfgd ndlfhfdr, r`läktfo`, fgmdhfstd, smksudh Odrdotmrìstfods mk hds Qmhdof`kms - Dnmotu`s`, r`läktfo`, smiur`, pmrsfstmktm, smksudh Dspmot`s _`ofdhms - _flpätfo`, s`ofdahm, mxtr`vmrtfg`, dhmirm Dspmot`s U`sftfv`s - _`ofdafhfgdg, k`ahmzd gm smktflfmkt`s, imkmr`sfgdg Dspmot`s Kmidtfv`s - Udsfv`, ndhs`, gmprmsfv` Mh Kólmr` > tfmkm g`s sfik`s gmh z`gìdo`3 Wdur` y Hfard. ^mkus ms su phdkmtd g`lfkdktm, dstr` qum rmprmsmktd mh dl`r, h`s vdh`rms y mh ukfvmrs` nmlmkfk`. Ms mh Kólmr` gm hd ukfÿk, u kfÿk, vfrtug, amhhmzd y dtrdoofÿk smxudh. Wfmkm hd odpdofgdg gm fknhufr mk h`s gmläs gm n`rld kdturdh, sfk kmomsfgdg gm flp`kmrsm.

 

Uäifkd 49 gm 96 

K]LMQ@ _FMWM Mh Kólmr` 9 pmrtmkmom dh irup` gm h`s Kólmr`s Urfldrf`s (gmh 4 dh 6), sfmkg` g`lfkdg` p`r Ufsofs y rmifg` p`r Kmptuk`. Gmsgm hd dktfiømgdg, mstm Kólmr` jd sfg` o`ksfgmrdg` sdirdg` y lìstfo`, gmafg` d hds pr`pfmgdgms mspmofdhms qum sm hm jdk dtrfaufg`. Hds pmrs`kds o`k mstm Kólmr` tfmkgmk d mstdr fktmrmsdgds mk gmsouarfr hd vmrgdg y d gmsmktrdôdr mh lfstmrf` gmträs gm hds o`sds. O`k`om mh sfikfnfodg` gmh Kólmr` 9 mk hd Kulmr`h`iìd, qum rmvmhd s`arm mh pmrnfh psfo`hÿifo` y h`s rdsi`s gm pmrs`kdhfgdg gm hds pmrs`kds qum vfvmk adc` su fknhumkofd. U`hdrfgdg - Vdki Mhmlmkt` - Dfrm

 

Uäifkd 4: gm 96 

Oudhfgdg - Odrgfkdh Uhdkmtd Qmimktm - Kmptuk` _fik` gmh S`gìdo` - Ufsofs Gìd - säadg` O`h`r - ^f`hmtd _fikfnfodg` - Mspfrftudh, fktr`vmrtfg`, psìqufo`, dn`rtukdg`, fktrdkqufh`, fktuftfv` Dtrfaut`s Urfkofpdhms - Fktuftfv`, fktmhmotudh, psìqufo`, ókfo` Odrdotmrìstfods mk hds Qmhdof`kms - Fktuftfv`, r`läktfo`, o`lprmksfv`, dtmkt` Dspmot`s _`ofdhms - Gfstrdìg`, rmsmrvdg` Dspmot`s U`sftfv`s - Mstugf`s`, odhldg`, qufmt`, smktflfmkt`s k`ahms, smktfg` mstætfo`, gfph`ldofd, rmomptfvfgdg, rmsmrvd, odpdofgdg gm kmi`ofdofÿk Dspmot`s Kmidtfv`s - Fktr`vmrtfg`, fksmksfahm, fkqufmt` Mh Kólmr` 9 rmprmsmktd d Ufsofs y su phdkmtd g`lfkdktm ms Kmptuk`, sìla`h` gm trdsomkgmkofd, mspfrftudhfgdg m fhusfÿk. Mh _fmtm ms sdafgurìd, fkvmstfidofÿk, pmsqufsd, dkähfsfs, hÿifod, rmnhmxfÿk rmnhmxfÿk y mspfrftudhfgdg. Ms uk kólmr` rmhfif`s` y prÿspmr`. Mk hd Kulmr`h`iìd, mh Kólmr` 9 fkgfod hd aósqumgd gmh dprmkgfzdcm y gm hd pmrnmoofÿk.

 

Uäifkd 46 gm 96 

K]LMQ@ @OJ@ Mh Kólmr` : pmrtmkmom dh irup` gm h`s Kólmr`s Urfldrf`s (gmh 4 dh 6), sfmkg` o`ksfgmrdg` mh sìla`h` gmh mqufhfarf` oÿslfo`. Mstä rmhdof`kdg` o`k mh mqufhfarf`hmomktrdh, o`k hdtrdadcdr custfofd yymh lukg` fktmrlmgf`. D hd pmrs`kd o`k mstm kólmr` iustd luoj` tfmkm mh g`k gm ldkmcdr gfkmr`. O`k`omr mh sfikfnfodg` gmh Kólmr` : mk Kulmr`h`iìd, qum rmvmhd s`arm mh pmrnfh psfo`hÿifo` y h`s rdsi`s gm pmrs`kdhfgdg gm hds pmrs`kds qum vfvmk adc` su fknhumkofd. U`hdrfgdg - Vfk Mhmlmkt` - Wfmrrd Oudhfgdg - Nfc` Uhdkmtd Qmimktm - _dturk`

 

Uäifkd 15 gm 96 

_fik`s gmh S`gìdo` - Odprfo`rkf` y Doudrf` Gìd - G`lfki` O`h`r - Odrlmsì _fikfnfodg` - Mxft`s`, `astfkdg`, fkgfvfgudhfstd, fktmks`, gfnìofh, rmamhgm Dtrfaut`s Urfkofpdhms - @rfifkdh, fktmks`, fldifkdtfv`, gmofgfg` Odrdotmrìstfods mk hds Qmhdof`kms - Fktmks`, dpdsf`kdg`, mktusfdstd, flpmtu`s` Dspmot`s _`ofdhms - Hìgmr, `ridkfzdg`r, s`ofdahm Dspmot`s U`sftfv`s - @rfifkdhfgdg, fldifkdofÿk, jdafhfgdg mk h`s kmi`of`s, s`hfgmz gm pmksdlfmkt` Dspmot`s Kmidtfv`s - G`lfkdg`r, aruso`, sfk tdot` H`s sfik`s Odprfo`rkf` y Doudrf` o`lpdrtmk mh kólmr` :, o`k _dturk` o`l` phdkmtd g`lfkdktm. Mh @oj` ms p`gmr, rmo`k`oflfmkt`, rmsp`ksdafhfgdg y rfqumzd ldtmrfdh. Ms mnfofmktm, gfsofphfkdg`, pmrspfodz, o`lprmksfv` y pmrsmvmrdktm. Hds pmrs`kds o`k mstm Kólmr` s`k hds ókfods qum sdamk mxdotdlmktm h` qum qufmrmk jdomr o`k sus vfgds.

 

Uäifkd 14 gm 96 

K]LMQ@ K]M^M Mh Kumvm mh irup` gm h`s Kólmr`s Urfldrf`s h`s gm gìift`s gmhofmrrd 4 dh 6). Hds pmrs`kds o`k mh Kumvm tfmkmk(qum ukd o`lprmkgm irdk k kmomsfgdg momsfgdg mxph`rdr mh dhld juldkd y mxprmsdr t`g`s h`s smktflfmkt`s qum mstäk dhhì. _`k fktuftfv`s, smksfahms y ormdtfv`s. Ms hd rmdhfzdofÿk fktmhmotudh y mspfrftudh  cuktds. O`k`om mh sfikfnfodg` sfikfnfodg` gmh Kólmr` 6 mk hd Kulmr`h`iìd, Kulmr`h`iìd, qum rmvmhd s`arm mh pmrnfh psfo`hÿifo` y h`s rdsi`s gm pmrs`kdhfgdg gm hds pmrs`kds qum vfvmk adc` su fknhumkofd. U`hdrfgdg - Vdki Mhmlmkt` - Numi` Oudhfgdg - Lutdahm

 

Uäifkd 11 gm 96 

Uhdkmtd Qmimktm - Ldrtm _fik`s g` S`gìdo` - Drfms y Mso`rpf` Gìd - ldrtms O`h`r - Ahdko` _fikfnfodg` - Dotfv`, gmtmrlfkdg`, o`knhfotfv`, vdhfmktm, pmhfir`s` Dtrfaut`s Urfkofpdhms - Mxoæktrfo`, dotfv`, vdhfmktm, ml`tfv` Odrdotmrìstfods mk hds Qmhdof`kms - Gfkälfo`, s`nfstfodg`, mxuamrdktm, hfamrdh Dspmot`s _`ofdhms - O`lpdômr`, fktmks`, dhuofkdg` Dspmot`s U`sftfv`s - O`lpdsfÿk, ukfvmrsdhfsl`, fgmdhfsl`, o`ksofmkofd, s`ofdh, mspfrftudhfsl`, dhtrufsl` Dspmot`s Kmidtfv`s - Frrmdhfstd, gmpmkgfmktm, vfof`s` Mh Kólmr` 6 tfmkm d Drfms y Mso`rpf` o`l` sfik`s y Ldrtm o`l` phdkmtd g`lfkdktm. Hd pmrs`kd fknhumkofdgd p`r mh Kólmr` 6 pumgm smr tdkt` tu lmc`r dhfdg` o`l` tu pm`r mkmlfi`. _u pmrnmoof`kfsl`, fgmdhfsl` y ut`pìd pumgmk imkmrdrhm nrustrdofÿk y gfnfouhtdg pdrd dgdptdrsm dh rmdhfsl` m flpmrnmoofÿk gmh lukg` rmdh.

 

Uäifkd 1? gm 96 

 

Uäifkd 17 gm 96 

HD M_MKOFD Qmvmhd mh dspmot` fktmrk`, smormt` y l`tfvdof`kms gmh Fkgfvfgu` Fkgfvfgu`.. Ms mh kólmr` qum ldkfnfmstd su lmtd, su dlafofÿk, ms mh dspmot` gmh dkähfsfs gmh k`larm qum gmsouarm h` qum hd pmrs`kdhfgdg gmsmd smr ` tmkmr mk hd vfgd. Hds v`odhms fräk gm hd pdrtm gm Drrfad 6 =

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_uldl`s v`odhms mkt`koms3 4= + 15 + 4= + 41 < ^dl`s d rmguofr d uk s`h` gfift` > + 1 + > + ? < 49 Qmguofl`s gm kumv` 4+9 gm 96 

Gmamrìd oufgdrsm gm3 Ndhtd gm dut` gfsofphfkd Gmsfgfd gm odräotmr Mxoms` gm sflaf`sfs

M_MKOFD ?3 Hd l`tfvdofÿk gm mstm V` pr`nukg` ms rfod mk mxprmsfÿk ormdtfvd, o`lukfodofÿk, `rfifkdh y `ptflfsl`. Dhld mktusfdstd qum gfsnrutd gm hd dhmirìd gm vfvfr. Hm mkodktd mh drtm y t`g` h` dut` mxprmsfv`. Dldk h` s`ofdh, hds rmukf`kms, hds nfmstds. Uumgmk dgqufrfr o`k`oflfmkt`s o`k ndofhfgdg, hms gfsiustd h` rutfkdrf` y lfkuof`s`. _`k luy vmrsätfhms. Wfmkmk qum oufgdrsm gm su tmkgmkofd d gfspmrsdrsm, yd qum sumhmk o`lmkzdr luojds o`sds y k` o`kohuymk odsf kdgd. Dldktms gm hd vmrgdg, d vmoms luy gfrmot`s y nr`ktdhms pdrd mxprmsdrsm. Gmamk ouhtfvdr hd t`hmrdkofd, hd pdofmkofd, hd o`komktrdofÿk o`komktrdofÿk.. Hms mkodktdk h`s kfô`s y h`s dkfldhms g`læstfo`s. Gmamrìdk oufgdrsm gm3 Mxoms` gm supmrnfofdhfgdg Wmkgmkofd d o`lphdomr gmldsfdg` d h`s gmläs ^dkfgdg, kmomsfgdg gm "pdrmomr“ 

M_MKOFD 73 Ms uk V` rfo` mk gmsm`s gm o`kstruoofÿk, gm `ridkfzdofÿk y gm o`ktr`h. Ms uk Dhld j`kmstd, nrdkod, sfk g`ahmoms. O`k irdk rmspmt` p`r hds trdgfof`kms ndlfhfdrms y mhmvdgd msodhd gm vdh`rms.

 

Uäifkd 19 gm 96 

Uräotfo`s, dkdhìtfo`s y o`knfdahms. Dldk hd hmdhtdg y hd j`kmstfgdg. _`k pdtrf`tds. Gmgfodg`s smiur`s pdrd sus pr`pÿsft`s. Wrdadcdk afmk o`k sus ldk`s. Aumk`s mk hds tdrmds rutfkdrfds y lfkuof`sds. Tufmrmk dnmot`, pmr` hms oumstd dtrdmrh` p`r su rfiur`sfgdg. _umhmk mkodsfhhdrsm m mk sus pr`pf`s pukt`s gm vfstd tmkfmkg` tmkgmkofd kmidtfvd, mstrmojmz gm lfrds lmktdh. Gmamrìd oufgdrsm gm3 Mxoms` gm rfi`r, fknhmxfafhfgdg Wmstdrugmz, smvmrfgdg. Wdodômrìd

M_MKOFD Mstm ms uk V`=3 pr`nukg` rfo` mk gmsm`s gm l`vflfmkt`s, gm odlaf`s, gm hfamrtdg. Udrd mhhd, hd mhmoofÿk gm odgd mxpmrfmkofd gmam smr mk mstm `rgmk3 Mktmkgfgd, fktmirdgd, hfamrdgd. Dldk h`s odlaf`s, hds dvmkturds, hds mxpmrfmkofd mxpmrfmkofds. s. _`k vmrsätfhms, hfgmrms kdturdhms. U`smmk luoj` ldikmtfsl`. Gfsnrutdk gmh smx` y hd hfamrtdg, mk h` läs ìktfl` s`k dvmkturmr`s. _m rmsfstmk d h`s jdaftd`s o`kvmkof`kdhms, o`k tmkgmkofd d hd fknfgmhfgdg, tdlafæk dh cumi`, hd amafgd y d t`gds ohdsms gm mxoms`s. Ndhtd gm o`komktrdofÿk. Mxomhmktms vmkgmg`rms. Gmamrìd oufgdrsm gm3 Mxoms` gm gfspmrsfÿk, pfodnh`r Flpdofmkofd, kmrvf`sfsl` Fkmstdafhfgdg ml`of`kdh.

 

Uäifkd 1: gm 96 

M_MKOFD >3 _u l`tfvdofÿk pr`nukgd vd mk ausod gm vfardof`kms gm dl`r, gm drl`kìd, gm tmrkurd, gm smksfafhfgdg. Ms uk dhld qum sm ldkfnfmstd gm uk l`g` luy nmlmkfk`, d trdvæs gm flprmsf`kms guhoms, a`kgdg`sds, gm n`rlds rmg`kgmdgds, gm o`h`rms oähfg`s. Dldk mh j`idr y hd ndlfhfd. @asmrvdk h`s gmtdhhms mstætfo`s, hms mkodktdk hd o`lafkdofÿk gm o`h`rms, dg`rdk h`s mspdof`s drlÿkfo`s y gmo`rdg`s. Hms iustd do`ksmcdr d h`s gmläs. _`k g`omktms kdturdhms, rmsp`ksdahms o`k fkohfkdof`kms g`læstfods. Wfmkgmk d smr ml`tfv`s. Hms mkodktd dyugdr, pmr` kmomsftdk mh rmo`k`oflfmkt`. _u tmkgmkofd kmidtfvd ms smr tmstdrug`s y gfsoutfg`rms. Gmamrìd oufgdrsm gm3 Jfpmrsmksfafhfgdg Gfnfouhtdg pdrd dut`dnfrldrsm Gugds o`k rmspmot` d sf lfsl`

M_MKOFD 93 _u V` pr`nukg` ms rfo` mk p`sfafhfgdgms gm rmnhmxfÿk, lmgftdofÿk y t`ld gm o`ksofmkofd. Ms uk Dhld qum sm ldkfnfmstd adc` mstruoturds lmktdhms, dkähfsfs fktmrf`r y aósqumgds smormtds smhmotfvds. Gmsmdk mh o`k`oflfmkt` y hd sdafgurìd. _`k fktr`spmotfv`s. Hms iustd hd qufmtug pdrd lmgftdr. Dldk h`s lfstmrf`s, ausodk mktmkgmr y o`k`omr hds hmyms mspfrftudhms. U`smmk jdafhfgdg pdrd h`s trdadc`s ldkudhms ` hda`r lfkuof`sd.

 

Uäifkd 16 gm 96 

Gmamk prmodvmrsm gm k` smr rmtrdìg`s. D vmoms sm vdk o`k sus pmksdlfmkt`s pmrgfmkg` hd k`ofÿk gmh mkt`rk`. _`k ourf`s`s, qufmrmk vmr gmh `tr` hdg` gm hd j`cd. Gmamrìd oufgdrsm gm3 Mxoms` gm dkähfsfs, gm rdz`kdlfmkt` Lmhdko`hìd, dfshdlfmkt` Lfmg` d k` mstdr d hd dhturd gm su Fgmdh

M_MKOFD :3 ^d jdofd mh gmsouarflfmkt` gm uk V` pr`nukg`, rfo` mk flpuhs`s gm  custfofd, gm imkmr`sfgdg imkmr`sfgdg y mstrdtmifd. ]k Dhld qum sm ldkfnfmstd gm uk l`g` fktmks` y qum sm o`lpr`lmtm d n`kg` mk hd mkodrkdofÿk gmh mspìrftu mk hd ldtmrfd. Ms uk Dhquflfstd p`r kdturdhmzd. Gmsmdk smr mcmoutfv`s ` imrmktms gm ukd mlprmsd. Wfmkmk g`k gm ldkg` pdrd gfrfifr. Gm aumk cufof` y orftmrf` gm vdh`rms. O`k odpdofgdg y tdot` pdrd h`s kmi`of`s. Tufmrmk gfkmr` y p`gmr ldtmrfdh. Gmamk dprmkgmr `ridkfzdofÿk y o``pmrdofÿk. D vmoms odrmomk gm p`gmr gm v`huktdg pdrd o`ktfkudr h` qum o`lfmkzdk. Gmamrìd oufgdrsm gm3 Mxoms` gm ldtmrfdhfsl` @riuhh`, prmp`tmkofd Fkt`hmrdkofd,, tfrdkìd. Fkt`hmrdkofd

 

Uäifkd ?5 gm 96 

M_MKOFD 63 Ms hd ldkfnmstdofÿk gm uk V` rfo` mk flpuhs`s juldkftdrf`s, mk fgmdhms mhmvdg`s, gfsp`sfofÿk d hd o`knrdtmrkfgdg. ]k Dhld qum sm mxprmsd gm uk l`g` sdaf` y dhtrufstd, qum k` gugd mk v`hodrsm gm ldkmrd gmsfktmrmsdgd. Gmsmdk smr amkmndot`rms, nfhdktrÿpfo`s, imkmr`s`s, a`kdoj`kms. Qmtrdìg`s jdofd t`g`. Tufmrmk tmkmr mh g`k 'ourdr“.  Gmamk dprmkgmr d arfkgdrsm sfk mspmrdr rmo`lpmksd dhiukd. Dldk hd lósfod, hds drtms y mh tmdtr`. Gmamrìd oufgdrsm gm3 Mxoms` gm Fgmdhfsl` Ndhtd gm o`ktdot` o`k hd rmdhfgdg Ml`tfvfgdg mxdimrdgd

M_MKOFD 443 Ms uk Dhld gmspfmrtd mspfrftudhlmktm, o`k irdk odpdofgdg pdrd vfvfr d kfvmhms supmrf`rms. _`k mhmvdg`s mspfrftudhlmktm, _umhmk smr luy aumk`s iuìds y ldmstr`s yd qum s`k odkdhfzdg`rms, odpdoms gm trdkslftfr o`k`oflfmkt`s y o`ksmc`s. Fktuftfv`s mk mxtrml`. Odpdofgdg gm pmrofafr d h`s gmläs räpfgdlmktm. Gmsmdk smr hfarms. Gmamk dprmkgmr d lmzohdrsm o`k mh póahfo` y arfkgdr sus o`k`oflfmkt`s d t`g`s h`s qum pumgdk, tfmkm oudhfgdgms pr`pfds gmh K 1, pmr` mk lmk`r irdg`. Gmamrìdk oufgdrsm gm3 Fkt`hmrdkofd O`lphmc` gm supmrf`rfgdg Umrgfgd gm mqufhfarf` fktmrf`r

 

Uäifkd ?4 gm 96 

M_MKOFD 113 Lmzohd gm fgmdhfsl` gmh 44 y hd gfsofphfkd gmh 7. Ms mh Dhld gm uk s`ôdg`r y o`kstruot`r fkspfrdg`. Urmpdrd h`s oflfmkt`s y hds adsms gmh nutur`, dotód mk o`hda`rdofÿk o`k mh phdk gm hd mv`huofÿk gm hd tfmrrd, irdofds d su ohdrfvfgmkofd y gfsofphfkd. Mstm p`tmkofdh surifrä mk mh l`lmkt` mk qum mkoumktrm su vmrgdgmrd lfsfÿk. Lfmktrds tdkt`, gmamrä dprmkgmr gm kulmr`sds mxpmrfmkofds y vfvfrä o`k hd smksdofÿk qum k` gd t`g` gm sì. Gmsmdk smr irdkgms o`kstruot`rms mk mh phdk` ldtmrfdh. Wfmkmk sus dlafof`kms p`r mkofld gmh pr`lmgf`, gmsmdk trdsomkgmr, fktmrkdof`kdhfzdrsm. Nfhÿs`n`s, pmr` tdlafæk hÿifo`s. fktmrkdof`kdhfzdrsm. Ms uk aumk gfph`lätfo`, mstdrìd afmk dh smrvfof` gmh i`afmrk` ` odrrmrds dnfkms. Wfmkmk odrdotmrìstfods pr`pfds gmh K.³ 7, pmr` luoj` läs mhmvdgds. Gmamrìd oufgdrsm gm3 Mxoms` gm trdadc` Mstræs y gmprmsfÿk

 

Uäifkd ?1 gm 96 

H D FLDIMK - N NFHWQ@ FHWQ@ - UMQ_@ UMQ_@KDH KDHFGDG FGDG Hd fldimk k` ms läs kf lmk`s qum ~Wu V`“ mxtmrk`, h` qum uk`

lumstrd läs dhhä gm su gmsm`, h` qum gm uk` mldkd o`l` mkmriìd, h` qum h`s gmläs rmofamk gm k`s`tr`s o`l` prflmrd flprmsfÿk, sfk tmkmr mk oumktd h` qum smdl`s ` jdidl`s. Hd fldimk sm gmsorfam ohdrdlmktm p`r hds mqufvdhmkofds kulærfods gm hds hmtrds o`ks`kdktms gm tu k`larm. Mh rmsuhtdg` gm hd fldimk (` Nfhtr`) ms mh rmnhmc` gm h` qum h`s gmläs pfmksdk gm k`s`tr`s d trdvæs gm hd flprmsfÿk qum hms odusml`s d prflmrd vfstd. U`r mst` qum d trdvæs gm hd kulmr`h`iìd gmsouarfl`s p`rqum s`l`s trdtdg`s gm ukd u `trd n`rld, läs dhhä gm oÿl` smdl`s rmdhlmktm mk kumstrd msmkofd. ^dhfækg`tm gm h`s kólmr`s, p`gräs gmsouarfr tdlafæk oudh ms hd vmrgdg gm hd pmrs`kd d hd qum mstds o`k`ofmkg`, gmcdkg` gm hdg` su dpdrfmkofd. Mstm kólmr` gm hd Umrs`kdhfgdg gmsorfam3 -Hds jmrrdlfmktds y h`s tmrrmk`s d gmsdrr`hhdr -H`s `acmtfv`s o`kormt`s -Hds lfsf`kms s`ofdhms d rmdhfzdr -Hds pfstds pdrd o`kstrufr y o`kstrufrsm -Hds p`tmkofdhfgdgms pr`nukgds y mspmrdkzd fkvfsfahm Mh kólmr` gm hd pmrs`kdhfgdg ms mh qum dyugd d hds pmrs`kds d mko`ktrdr ukd `rfmktdofÿk pr`nmsf`kdh, pr`nmsf`kdh, sm pumgm mxtrdmr h` msmkofdh gm sus tdhmkt`s. U`r Mc.3 Luojds vmoms k`tdrds qum ukd pmrs`kd tfmkm (ukd dpdrfmkofd ` fldimk) =, h` qum jdom qum smd vfstd o`k luoj` fktmræs p`r mh smx` `pumst`. _mluy t`ldrä smguot`r, h` gmnfkfräk o`l` dhiufmk odlafdktm, trdsirms`r, smxudg`.

 

Uäifkd ?? gm 96 

_f mstd pmrs`kd tuvfmrd msmkofd >, kdgd gm h` qum dpdrmktd smrä vmrgdg, yd qum msd gmnfkfofÿk qum dhiufmk gd p`r pmksdr s`h` mk h` qum sm vm, sm oj`od das`hutdlmktm o`k su vmrgdgmr` gmsm`, qum ms hd ndlfhfd, mh trdkslftfr. o`k`oflfmkt`s, hda`r oìvfod, hd imkmr`sfgdg, nfgmhfgdg. °_m pumgm odlafdr msd fldimk qum vmk h`s `tr`s0 Hd kulmr`h`iìd tm pmrlftm o`k`omrtm y o`k`omr d h`s gmläs mk t`gds sus gflmksf`kms3 Mk h` qum sfmktdk, o`k h` qum s`k, o`k o `k oudh oudhqufmr odlfk` qum gmam trdksftdr pdrd mstdr mk sfkt`kìd o`k h` qum hd vfgd hms pfgd. U`r h` tdkt`, oudkg` uk` gmsouarm d trdvæs gm hd kulmr`h`iìd hd fldimk qum h`s gmläs rmofamk, hms gdl`s hd `p`rtukfgdg gm jdomr l`gfnfodof`kms mk su o`lp`rtdlfmkt` y mk su n`rld gm l`strdrsm, pdrd o`rrmifr mst` y gfojd vfardofÿk fkv`huktdrfd. 6 =

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_uldrml`s mkt`koms t`gds hds o`ks`kdktms 4= + 14 + 45 + 6 < Qmguofl`s gm kumv` > + ? + 4 + 6 < 46 Qmguofl`s gm kumv` 4+ 6 < 45 < 4

K]LMQ@ GM FLDIMK MKW@KOM_ _MQD 4

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Uäifkd ?7 gm 96 

FLDIMK 43 Dpdrmomrä dktm h`s gmläs o`l` gfstdktms, mkirmìg`s, g`lfkdktms, ormdtfv`s. Numrtm p`gmr gm v`huktdg o`k fgmds ohdrds. Udrd h`irdr sus dspfrdof`kms pr`nukgds, gmam ldkfnmstdr sus gmsm`s gm smr hìgmr, yd qum su mkmriìd h` hhmvd d domptdr msm tfp` gm odri`s. Mspfrftudh y nrdko`, prmnfmrm hds rmhdof`kms gfrmotds, gm pmrs`kd d pmrs`kd, läs qum h`s o`ktdot`s supmrnfofdhms.

FLDIMK 13 _m h` vm o`l` pdofnfo`, trdkqufh`, gfph`lätfo`, oufgdg`s` mk h`s gmtdhhms, sm jdom qumrmr, l`gmst` y o``pmrdtfv`. U`smm odpdofgdg gm ds`ofdofÿk y gm arfkgdr o`ksmc`s. Gmam ndv`rmomr hd rmofpr`ofgdg y hd dpmrturd dh `tr` pdrd mko`ktrdr su odlfk`, tdlafæk gmsdrr`hhdr su odpdofgdg gm msouojd y su smksfafhfgdg ml`of`kdh ml`of`kdh.. Kmomsftd smiurfgdg dnmotfvd y dp`y` gmh `tr` pdrd dgdptdrsm dh lukg` qum hm r`gmd. U`smm g`kms gm o`hda`rdofÿk y gfph`ldofd g`kms pdrd oulphfr o`k sus `acmtfv`s

FLDIMK ?3 Hd odpdofgdg gm mxprmsfÿk gmam smr gmsdrr`hhdgd, pdrd gmcdr qum sm ldkfnfmstm su smktfg` gm o`lukfodofÿk, o`l` tdlafæk mh gm rmhdof`kms juldkds, Dlfst`s`, s`ofdahm, luy ormìahm y o`knfdahm, qum sdam gfsnrutdr gm hd amhhmzd y hd o`l`gfgdg. O`kvfkomktm,, huom afmk o`k oudhqufmr l`gd y o`h`r. O`kvfkomktm

FLDIMK 73 Hd pmrs`kd gmam dprmkgmr d vdh`rfzdr su odpdofgdg gm trdadc`, gm rmsp`ksdafhfgdg, gm `ridkfzdofÿk. @rgmk y læt`g` hm vdk d pmrlftfr mko`ktrdr su pr`pf` huidr mk mh odlfk` gmh æxft`.

 

Uäifkd ?= gm 96 

Ms ukd fkvftdofÿk d mhmifr uk l`g` gm dvdkzdr o`k smrfmgdg, prugmkofd y gfsofphfkd pmrs`kdh. Ldkfnmstdr su smktfg` gm h` o`kormt`, y mgfnfodr sus `ards mstdahms y nfrlms. Kmomsftd rmspmtdr hds trdgfof`kms gm su ndlfhfd. _m h` vmrd o`l` dhiufmko`knfdahm prmofs`, o`kstdktm smkofhh`, fktmrmsdktm, prdotfo` y o`ksmrvdg`r, y `rgmkdg`. Mh odlp` gmh 7 ms uk tmrrmk` prfvfhmifdg` gm nh`rmoflfmkt` pmrs`kdh o`k t`gd su rfqumzd

FLDIMK =3 Odpdofgdg gm l`vfhfgdg y odlaf` gmamk smr n`lmktdgds Mh smktfg` gm hd aósqumgd y gmh dkähfsfs hm vd d pmrlftfr mko`ktrdr su odlfk` dh æxft`. Udrd rmdhfzdr sus sumô`s fktmrf`rms gmam pmrlftfrsm t`gds hds fkvmstfidof`kms, fkvmstfidof`k ms, t`g`s h`s fktmrr`idk fktmrr`idktms, tms, mh dkähfsfs orìtfo` gm sus pmksdlfmkt`s, drrfmsiäkg`sm. -dh dnfrldr fgmds kumvds, odsf rmv`huof`kdrfds. Mstm ms su lmc`r l`g` gm sftudrsm mk mh lukg` y gmcdr jumhhds gm su pds` p`r hd tfmrrd Hìgmr mk hd l`gd, vmrsätfh, dotudhfzdg`, hhdldtfv`, gm ldhd dpdrfmkofd  cuvmkfh, ldikætfod, ldikætfod, dtrdotfv dtrdotfvd, d, luy smx smxudgd, udgd, o`k smktfg smktfg`` gmh jul` jul`rr y s`ofdahm.

FLDIMK >3 Odpdofgdg gm rmo`kofhfdofÿk y gm drl`kfzdofÿk gmamk vfvfrsm o`k phmkftug. Ms ukd fkvftdofÿk d gmsdrr`hhdr tdlafæk su rmsp`ksdafhfg rmsp`ksdafhfgdg dg dnmotfvd, mh dl`r, hd o`knfdkzd mk sì lfsl` y mk h`s gmläs. Uuhor`, dtrdotfv` y mkodktdg`r, gmh tfp` ndlfhfmr`, ldtmrkdh, hm iustd hd o`l`gfgdg. _m h` vmrd d lmkug` o`k r`pd oÿl`gd y näofh gm hhmvdr. O`lpdsfv`, fktmrmsdg` p`r mhy j`idr ormdr dtlÿsnmrds drlÿkfods dndahm.y hd ndlfhfd, o`k odpdofgdg pdrd

 

Uäifkd ?> gm 96 

FLDIMK 93 Odpdofgdgms pmrs`kdhms gm rmnhmxfÿk, gfsomrkflfmkt` y gm t`ld gm o`ksofmkofd gmamk smr gmsdrr`hhdgds. @t`rid prf`rfgdg dh smktfg` gm prmofsfÿk fktmhmotudh, gm hd dptftug pdrd ohdsfnfodr lml`rfzdr h`s o`k`oflfmkt`s dgqufrfg`s. Gmamrìd `rfmktdrsmy jdofd uk rmo`rrfg` fkgmpmkgfmktm y smhmotfv`, gm aumk vmstfr y dhi` mxoæktrfo`, nrf` o`ksmrvdg`r, pmrnmoof`kfstd, fktr`spmotfv`, gfstfkiufg`.

FLDIMK :3 Hds odpdofgdgms pmrs`kdhms gm rmdhfzdofÿk y ldtmrfdhfzdofÿk gmamk smr vdh`rdg`s o`k o`rdcm, dlafofÿk y mkmriìd. Dlphfdr su smktfg` gm mstrdtmifd o`kstruotfvd, dsì o`l` sus dptftugms gm o`ksmrvdofÿk gmh pdtrfl`kf`. hm dirdgd h` aumk`, dpdrmomrä o`l` dhiufmk gm mxomhmktm p`sfofÿk, hm gmsdirdgd h` adrdt` y gm ldh iust`. Ms dlfidahm, pmrsudsfv` y g`lfkdktm mk sus l`gdhms, luy oufgdg`s` mk su ldkmrd gm vmstfr.

FLDIMK 63 Odpdofgdg gm dhtrufsl` juldkftdrfd. Ndv`rmomr d hd doofÿk s`ofdh, hd smksfafhfgdg jdofd h`s pr`ahmlds gm h`s gmläs, o`l` tdlafæk hd vfsfÿk ukfvmrsdh gm hds o`sds, gmsdrr`hhdkg` sus tdhmkt`s gmktr` gm irup`s ` nukgdof`kms. Imkmr`s`, dlfidahm, s`hfoft`. Gm pmrs`kdhfgdg ldikætfod, pmr` odrmktm gm numrzds. Ms o`l` mh jmrldk` gm t`gd hd juldkfgdg. Q`läktfo`, mkodktdg`r, sflpätfo`.

FLDIMK 443 Hds pr`pumstds gmh 44 p`gräk ldkfnmstdrsm s`h` mk ofmrt`s l`lmkt`s gm pr`irmsfÿk pmrs`kdh.

 

Uäifkd ?9 gm 96 

Odpdofgdg pdrd trdkslftfr lmksdcms, gmspmrtdr o`ksofmkofd sm gmamk gmsdrr`hhdr o`l` hds ndouhtdgms fktuftfvds y gm o`lukfodofÿk o`k h`s phdkms supmrf`rms. _mrä vfst` o`l` uk s`ôdg`r o`k hd lmktm mk hds kuams, fgmdhfstd, fkspfrdg`r, fktuftfv`, y dpdrmktmlmktm mspfrftudh.

FLDIMK 113 Hds pr`pumstds gmh 11 p`gräk ldkfnmstdrsm s`h` mk su pr`irmsfÿk pmrs`kdh. Udrmomrä mxpmrt` mk oudhqufmr odlp` mk g`kgm hd vfgd h` o`h`qum, odpdz gm flprmsf`kdr dh póahfo`. O`k h`s pfms s`arm hd tfmrrd, luy präotfo`. Gdrä hd smksdofÿk gm tmkmr luojd `puhmkofd.  Dquì sm p`km p`km mk präotfod präotfod h` gm hds *dpdrfmkofd *dpdrfmkofds s mkidôdk“, mkidôdk“, pmr` k`

`hvfgmk qum hd kulmr`h`iìd hms pmrlftm vmr vmrgdgms lds smormtds.

 

Uäifkd ?: gm 96 

LF_FßK @ GM_WFK@ °U`r quæ lm tfmkm qum pdsdr mst` d lì0, mk rmdhfgdg hd prmiuktd smrìd, Udrd quæ0 V k` U`r quæ. hd vfgd vd p`kfmkg` ofroukstdkofds d odgd pmrs`kd gmsvfdgd gm su lfsfÿk, pdrd qum o`rrfcd su rula`. ^fl`s mk mh mstugf` gm Hd Msmkofd qum o`ksfstm mk h` qum mh fkgfvfgu` gmsmd/dkjmhd. Ms gmofr qum hd Msmkofd sfla`hfzd mh "O`l` quf mr`“ vfvfr gm odgd uk`. "Mh Gmstfk`'“' mk kulmr`h`iìd ms mh oÿl` "Gmam vfvfr odgd pmrs`kd“, ms

p`r ms` qum d mh kólmr` qum drr`cm hd suld sm hhdld Lfsfÿk. Luojds vmoms dh jdomr uk Kulmrÿo`pf` (Mstugf` kulmr`hÿifo`), vmräk luoj` dktdi`kfsl` mktrm mh kólmr` gm hd Msmkofd y mh gmh Gmstfk`. Dh suldr hds g`s 'Msmkofd m Fldimk '`atmkml`s mh kólmr` gm Lfsfÿk ` Gmstfk`. 6 =

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4+:3 _u lfsfÿk mk hd vfgd ms pr`gfidrsm mk mh j`idr y mk hd o`lukfgdg, yd qum mh > ms uk kólmr` qum vfard mk ohdl`r d hd ndlfhfd, gmamrä smr dldktm y o`lpdsfv`, o`l` tdlafæk pumgm qum gmad dsulfr luojds rmsp`ksdafhfgdgms, duk gm kfô`.

 

Uäifkd 74 gm 96 

_miurdlmktm iustdrd gm hd lósfod2 smrhd do`ksmcdahm dprmkgmr dhiók fkstrulmkt`. H`s > s`k g`omktms p`r kdturdhmzd, tfmkmk mh g`k gm trdkslftfr o`k`oflfmkt`s, p`r h` qum k` gmamrä omrrdrsm mk mstm smktfg` y mksmôdr d h`s gmläs t`g`s h`s o`k`oflfmkt`s qum jdyd dgqufrfg`. Ms do`ksmcdahm qum uk Gmstfk` >, n`rldhfom pdrmcd mstdahm d tmlprdkd mgdg, pums hd ndlfhfd dotód mk mhh`s o`l` uk mqufhfardg`r gm sus ml`of`kms y h`s dyugd d trdksftdr lmc`r su Gmstfk`, dukqum k` gmamräk gmpmkgmr ml`of`kdhlmktm gm hd lfsld, sfk` tdlafæk pr`gfidrsm mk afmk gm su o`lukfgdg, d trdvæs gm tdrmds oìvfods ` gm hd dtmkofÿk gm hds kmomsfgdgms gm h`s `tr`s. Wdlafæk tfmkmk odpdofgdg pdrd smr dot`rms gm tmdtr`, yd qum tfmkmk luy aumkd ^`z.

Lfsfÿk 93 Gmamräk mspmofdhfzdrsm mk mh odlp` gm hds ofmkofds ` gm h`s lfstmrf`s gm hd vfgd. _`k pmksdg`rms pr`nukg`s, fkvmkt`rms, ofmktìnfo`s y tdlafæk pr`nukgfzdr mk-mh smktfg` `ouht` gm hd kdturdhmzd juldkd, tmkgräk qum dprmkgmr d mstdr s`h`s, sfk hhmidr dh mxtrml` gm hd s`hmgdg. ^fvfr gm rmdhfgdgms y k` gm supmrnfofdhfgdgms. Hms smrä gfnìofh o`lpdrtfr hds s`ofmgdgms, fkohusfv fkohusfvmm mk mh ldtrfl`kf`. _mräk ausodg`s o`l` o`ksmcmr`s, rmspmot` dh o`k`oflfmkt` supmrf`r qum p`smmk. _u irdk dspfrdofÿk, dgqufrfr o`k`oflfmkt`s y o`lprmksfÿk.

Lfsfÿk :3 _u vfgd mstdrä gmstfkdgd d h`s kmi`of`s y d hds nfkdkzds, pumgm idkdr gfkmr`, pmr` mst` k` gmamrä smr su ókfod y läs flp`rtdktm dspfrdofÿk. Gmam dprmkgmr d `atmkmr mh mqufhfarf` mktrm h` ldtmrfdh y h` mspfrftudh, fkohfkäkg`sm p`r uk` gm mhh`s, k` gmpmkgfmkg` s`h` gmh hdg` ldtmrfdh.

 

Uäifkd 71 gm 96 

K` mspmrdr gm hd sumrtm pdrd h`irdr mh trfukn`, pums s`h` hhmidrd d trdvæs gm sus pr`pf`s msnumrz`s. Wrdtdr gm k` gmspmrgfofdr mh tfmlp` o`rrfmkg` gmträs gm hd n`rtukd, pdrd douluhdr, sfk` läs afmk trdadcdr pdrd hd sdtfsndoofÿk y hd rmdhfzdofÿk pmrs`kd pmrs`kdh.h. _u ldy`r rmo`lpmksd gmamrä smr hd tdrmd afmk rmdhfzdgd. Wdlafæk fktmrmsdrsm p`r hda`rms gm i`afmrk` y dsukt`s oìvfo`s. Ms do`ksmcdahm qum sm ds`ofm o`k imktm fknhuymktm ` o`k tdhmkt`. Uumgm tmkmr fkohfkdofÿk nfh`sÿnfod ` rmhfif`sd.

Lfsfÿk 63 Gmam smr uk irdk jmrldk` gm hd juldkfgdg, mxprmsdkg` dl`r, o`lpdsfÿk y o`lprmksfÿk. Mstdrä afmk prmgfspumst` pdrd mh rmqumrflfmkt` gm qufmk h` kmomsftm. Uumst` qum mstm kólmr` pfgm qum sm dprmkgd d vfvfr flpmrs`kdhlmktm, ms uk` gm h`s Gmstfk`s läs gfnìofhms gm oulphfr, yd qum hd dpmhdofÿk ms smktfrsm nmhfz mk mh dot` gm gdr, sfk mspmrdr rmo`lpmksd dhiukd, `ardkg` gm o`rdzÿk. Mvftdr dnmrrdrsm d hds p`smsf`kms ldtmrfdhms, kf tdlp`o` d h`s dl`rms pmrs`kdhms, sm mspmrd qum smpdk pr`gfidrsm, dpr`vmojdkg` hds `p`rtukfgdgms qum hd vfgd hms p`kgrä pdrd dyugdr d h`s gmläs. _f h`irdk dprmkgmr mst`, mkt`koms sm o`hldräk gm amkgfof`kms y hd lfsld vfgd h`s rmo`lpmksdrd.

Lfsfÿk 44 4433 _f uk 44 vfvm p`sftfvdlmktm, mkt`koms h`irdrd smr `rfifkdh, Fktuftfv` y Hìgmr pdrd h`s gmläs. Umr` jdah` gm uk hfgmrdzi`, läs mspfrftudh qum ldtmrfdh. Mh Gmstfk` 44, sm gmam d h`s gmläs, dh póahfo`. U`grä smr msorft`r, psfoÿh`i`, Fkvmktfv`, pmrs`kd gmh dlafmktm drtìstfo` mk oudhqufmrd gm sus iækmr`s, pmr` sfmlprm mhflfkdr hd gugd, hd fkgmofsfÿk, k` sdhfr gm gm adladhfkds, h`s gmläs. pdrd pr`tdi`kfzdr y smr fkspfrdg`r o`l` tdlafæk iuìd

 

Uäifkd 7? gm 96 

_f k` h`ird vfvfr gm doumrg` d hds `p`rtukfgdgms gm arfhh` qum hd vfgd mspmrd y. Hm p`km gmhdktm gm sus `c`s, mkt`koms ms luy p`sfahm qum sm o`kvfmrtd mk ukd pmrs`kd s`lmtfgd, qumgdkg` dtdg` d h`s gmtdhhms sfk flp`rtdkofd, gmspmrgfofdkg` `p`rtukfgdgms qum hm mstdadk rmsmrvdgds.

Lfsfÿk 11 1133 _f uk 11 vfvm smiók t`g` mh p`tmkofdh. qum mstm Gmstfk` gmpdrd, pumgm smr dhiuk` gm trdsomkgmkofd fktmrkdof`kdhlmktm. Mh 11 ms uk Ldmstr` mk mh phdk` ldtmrfdh, gmam trdadcdr o`k irdkgms irup`s ` mk irdkgms o`rp`rdof`kms, trdsomkgmr hds nr`ktmrds, dspfrdr d hd gfph`ldofd, sfmlprm ausodrd fr läs dhhä gmh pr`lmgf`. Dqumh 11 qum k` hhmium d vfvfr o`k t`g` mh p`tmkofdh qum mstm kólmr` tfmkm, sm o`kvmrtfrä mk ukd pmrs`kd hflftdgd y qumgdrd mkomrrdg` mk msqumlds, gmgfodg` d hd tdrmd o`lók y rutfkdrfd.

 

Uäifkd 77 gm 96 

GM]GD_ GM] GD_ BDQLFOD_ B DQLFOD_ @ WDA WDAH H D GM WDHMKW@_ Hds gmugds bärlfods ` tdahds gm tdhmkt`s sm `atfmkmk gm hd Odktfgdg gm kólmr`s qum sm tfmkmk mk mh k`larm y dpmhhfg`.

Kulmr` 4 Läs gm trms 43 Gmlumstrdk dlafofÿk, fkgmpmkgmkofd ê fktmræs pmrs`kdh (V`) Mst` tdlafæk fkgfod pmrs`kd mi`ìstd, g`lfkdktm y vdkfg`sd. Mstd pmrs`kd ms suldlmktm fkgmpmkgfmktm y tmkgrä luojd mkmriìd (p`r mh phdkmtd _`h) pdrd jdomr, gmtmrlfkdr, huojdr. U`sfahmlmktm jd tmkfg` qum huojdr s`hd mk hd vfgd, d pmsdr gm tmkmr uk mkt`rk` (ndlfhfd) Wuv` qum gmofgfr, dotudr y jdomr o`sds flp`rtdktms s`hd. Lmk`s gm trms 43 Mk `trd vfgd odrmofÿ gm fkfofdtfvd, dlafofÿk, `rfifkdhfgdg m fkgmpmkgmkofd. Mst` sfikfnfod qum k` pfmksd mk sì lfsl`, qum k` rmvmhd oudhfgdgms g`lfkdktms kf dirmsfvds, sfk`-läs afmk ndhtd gm o`knfdkzd mk sì lfsld y lfmg`s. Mk mstd vfgd gmamrìd t`ldr gmofsf`kms m fkfofdr o`sds kumvds. Mvftdr hd pmrmzd.

Kulmr` 1 Lds gm trms 1 Gmlumstrdk tdot` y gfph`ldofd. Odpdofgdg gm o``pmrdofÿk o`k h`s gmläs (tfmkmk dptftugms pdrd mh adfhm, hd drl`kìd y mh o`h`r t`g` dqumhh` rmhdof`kdg` o`k hd r`pd, hd pfkturd) Oudkg` uk j`larm tfmkm luoj`s g`s pumgm smr dnmlfkdg`, sudvm mk o`lp`rtdlfmkt`s läs tìpfo`s pdrd hds lucmrms. Wdlafæk ms imktm ldkmcdahm, jfpmrsmksfahms. Uumgm smr qum sm qumgm o`k h`s rmoumrg`s gmh pdsdg`, p`rqum hd pdrtm psìqufod fknhuym.

 

Uäifkd 7= gm 96 

Lmk`s Lm k`s gm trms 1

Mk ukd vfgd dktmrf`r hm ndht` tdot` y gfph`ldofd, pumgm hhmidr d smr tìlfg` jdstd mh pukt` gm mhugfr o`lpdôìd. Mk mstd vfgd gmamrä dprmkgmr d trdadcdr o`k mh `tr` ` o`k `s gmläs, dgqufrfr mh g`k gm hd pdofmkofd y prmstdr dtmkofÿk d h`s gmtdhhms. Wdlafæk rmprmsmktd hd ndhtd gm ldgrm.

Kulmr` ? Lds gm trms ?

Gmlumstrd qum hd pmrs`kd tfmkm odpdofgdg gm mxprmsfÿk, numrtm fldifkdofÿk y aumk smktfg` gmh jul`r. Gmam dprmkgmr d dsulfr rmsp`ksdafhfgdgms y mvftdr smr flpdofmktm. Umrs`kd luy s`ofdahm, pmr` gmam oufgdrsm gm k` jdahdr gmläs. _u fldifkdofÿk pumgm smr utfhfzdgd pdrd msorfafr, s`arm t`g`s hfar`s fkndktfhms. Lmk`s Lm k`s gm trms ?

Mk ukd vfgd dktmrf`r sm vf` flp`sfafhftdg` pdrd mxprmsdrsm, odrmofÿ gm o`knfdkzd mk sì lfsl` y sm `ouhtdad gmh póahfo`, k` ms h` lfsl` qum `ouhtdrsm gm hd imktm (o`l` mh 1), p`rqum ms uk kólmr` luy s`ofdahm, pmr` k` tuv` smiurfgdg. Wdlafæk rmvmhd ndhtd gm fldifkdofÿk, gfspmrsfÿk gm tdhmkt` y o`lphmc` gm fknmrf`rfgdg.

Kulmr` 7 Lds gm trms 7

Gmlumstrdk aumkd dglfkfstrdofÿk mk hd mo`k`lìd, `rgmk, j`krdgmz y tmkgmkofd dh trdadc` drgu`. D pmsdr gm su tmrqumgdg, ms aumk` mk h`s gmtdhhms y rutfkd (tmstdrug`) Wfmkm qum r`lpmr mstruoturds.

 

Uäifkd 7> gm 96 

Hd pmrs`kd gmsmd mxpdkgfrsm mk su odsd, tfmkm kmomsfgdg gm vfvfr mk odsds irdkgms. Wdlafæk pumgm ldrodr d ukd pmrs`kd luy pmrmz`sd. Lmk`s Lm k`s gm trms 7

Mk ukd vfgd pdsdgd hm gmsdirdgÿ mh trdadc`, hd dtmkofÿk d h`s gmtdhhms y mh `rgmk. Mk mstd vfgd gmam mgfnfodr aumk`s oflfmkt`s, sfk mhugfr mh trdadc`, o`komktrdrsm pdofmktm y hmktdlmktm sfk domptdr hflftdof`kms. Ufsdr tfmrrd nfrlm, mstdr smiur` gm h` qum jdom. Wdlafæk p`grìd fkgfodr pr`ahmlds mk tmkmr vfvfmkgd pr`pfd, sf ms ukd pmrs`kd c`vmk sm vd d fr gm hd odsd d tmlprdkd mgdg.

Kulmr` = Lds gm trms =

Gmlumstrd fktmræs mk mh smx` y h`s smktfg`s, tdlafæk d hd aumkd lmsd, pmr` gmam mvftdr smr flpuhsfv`. Wfmkm ldrodg` luoj`s odlaf`s mk hd vfgd, odlaf`s o`kstdktms, gm trdadc`, mk hds dotftugms gm vfgd, gm pmksdlfmkt`. U`rqum sm ldkmcd o`k hd hfamrtdg (gm pmksdlfmkt` y doofÿk) _`k luy fktmhfimktms, pmr` luojds vmoms k` ldkmcdk su fktmhfimkofd, pmr` sf sm ldkmcdk d trdvæs gmh smx` (imkmrdhlmktm hds lucmrms) Ndofhfgdg pdrd h`s fgf`lds. _f k` jdom kdgd, jdy qum fkguofrhd d qum utfhfom su p`tmkofdh mk mstugfdr y jdomr o`sds qum hd dyugmk d gmsdrr`hhdr su ormdtfvfgd ormdtfvfgdg. g. Mstd pmrs`kd k` vd d tmkmr lfmg` d dnr`ktdr h`s odlaf`s. ]kd lucmr ` uk j`larm o`k luoj`s = s`k pmrs`kds adstdktms numrtms gm odräotmr. Lmk`s Lm k`s gm trms =

Mk ukd vfgd dktmrf`r tuv` o`kstdktm tml`r d dnr`ktdr h`s odlaf`s qum hd vfgd hm flp`kìd.

 

Uäifkd 79 gm 96 

Wdlafæk ndhtd gm fktmræs, ourf`sfgdg p`r sus smlmcdktms. D mstd pmrs`kd jdy qum fkguofrhd d qum mknrmktm h`s odlaf`s sfk tml`r mk hd vfgd. Mk mh ods` gm uk j`larm pumgm smr qum k` tmkid ukd aumkd dotfvfgdg smxudh (smrf`s pr`ahmlds o`k mh smx`)

Kulmr` >

Lds gm trms >

Gmlumstrdk rmsp`ksdafhfgdg, s`k o`knfdahms, j`idrmô`s, pdgrms y ldmstr`s kdturdhms. Gmamk mvftdr smr gfsoutfg`rms y pmkgmkofmr`s. _umhmk tmkmr pr`ahmlds o`k h`s jfc`s, p`rqum ms uk kólmr` luy pr`tmot`r, `asmsfv` y g`lfkdktm. Lmk`s Lm k`s gm trms >

Mk ukd vfgd dktmrf`r rmkukof` d dsulfr rmsp`ksdafhfgdg y tmlm dtdrsm dh oufgdg` gm uk j`idr y ndlfhfd. Wmkgrä qum dprmkgmr luoj` mk mstd vfgd pdrd smr ukd aumkd pdrmcd mk mh ldtrfl`kf`, y aumk pdgrm ` ldgrm. _mräk kmomsdrf`s luoj`s dcustms qum fkohuymk hd rmsp`ksdafhfgdg j`idrmôd y mh smrvfof` jdofd h`s gmläs. Wdlafæk rmprmsmktd hd ndhtd gm dnmot` qum d pmrs`kd sfmktm (k` p`rqum k` h`s tmkid, sfk` p`rqum k` h`s mxprmsd) Uumgmk vmkfr p`r odrmkofds mk hd kfômz, dh k` jdamr tmkfg` mh sunfofmktm odrfô` y dnmot` qum rmqumrìd.

Kulmr` 9 Lds gm trms 9

Gmlumstrdk d ukd pmrs`kd suldlmktm dkdhìtfod, dafmrtd lmktdhlmktm y o`k uk numrtm gmsm` gm pmrnmoofÿk. Qmvmhd mqufhfarf` y ouhturd. Uumgm fktmrmsdrsm p`r tmlds lmtdnìsfo`s ` p`r dfshdrsm pdrd lmgftdr.

 

Uäifkd 7: gm 96 

Lmk`s Lm k`s gm trms 9

Mk ukd vfgd dktmrf`r odrmofÿ gm o`lprmksfÿk mktrm h` ldtmrfdh y h` mspfrftudh, mvft` v`hodrsm jdofd su fktmrf`r mk pr`ourd gm iuìd. Wmlmk d hd Nm y h` qum mst` flphfod. Wdlafæk rmvmhd ndhtd gm hÿifod, dkähfsfs y dksfds gm prmpdrdr su lmktm. Ldrod pr`ymot`s flp`rtdktms mk hd vfgd, ` smd, tmkmr Nm pdrd pr`ymotdrsm o`k msds fhusf`kms, fgmds ` h` qum sfmktd qum qufmrd rmdhfzdr.

Kulmr` : Lds gm trms :

Gmlumstrd odpdofgdg o`lmrofdh. Uumgmk trfukndr mk mlprmsds nfkdkofmrds, mcmoutfvd y g`k gm ldkg`. Gmam usdr t`g` mst` o`k tdot` y aumk smktfg` gm h`s vdh`rms. Lmk`s Lm k`s gm trms :

Mk ukd vfgd dktmrf`r odrmofÿ gm odpdofgdg ` mnfofmkofd pdrd ldkmcdr kmi`of`s u `trds oumstf`kms kdturdhms. Gmam dprmkgmr mh vdh`r gmh gfkmr`, `ridkfzdr y gfrfifr su pr`pfd dglfkfstrdofÿk dglfkfstrdofÿ k mo`kÿl mo`kÿlfod. fod. Mst` pdsd p`r hd `ridkfzdofÿk gm t`g` h` qum ms hd vfgd, k` s`hdlmktm mh gfkmr`. _m gmam mqufhfardr luojìsfl` mk hd pdrtm ml`tfvd, flpuhsfvd. K`td3 Wmkfmkg` uk s`h` : hd pmrs`kd mstä ouafmrtd mo`kÿlfodlmktm mk su vmcmz.

Kulmr` 6 Lds gm trms 6

Gmlumstrdk ukd pmrspmotfvd ukfvmrsdh. Ms drtìstfo` y tfmkm odpdofgdg ormdg`rd y Hftmrdrfd. Gfsnrutd gm h`s vfdcms.

 

Uäifkd 76 gm 96 

Wdlafæk ldrod hd p`sfafhfgdg gm rmdhfzdr luoj`s vfdcms. Lmk`s Lm k`s gm trms 6

Mk ukd vfgd pdsdgd hm ndht` smktflfmkt`s y o`lprmsfÿk. Mst` sfikfnfod qum sunrfräk luoj`s s`armsdht`s y o`ktrdrfmgdgms ml`tfvds, jdstd qum dprmkgd d smr imkmr`s`, o`lpdsfv`, dldktm y prm`oupdg` p`r h`s gmläs. K]LMQ@_ @LFWFG@_ GMH K@LAQM V DUMHHFG@_ 4 O@L@ KØLMQ@ @LFWFG@3  Kmomsftd mstfluhdr mk sì lfsl` hds

oudhfgdgms gm ldkg`, vdh`r y `sdgìd. Ms luy- Flp`rtdktm qum dprmkgd d t`ldr gmofsf`kms y d o`ktr`hdr oudhqufmr sftudofÿk qum rmquhmrd msnumrz`. Kmomsftd dnfrldr su fkgfvfgudhfgdg, d nfk gm hdldr hd dtmkofÿk gm h`s gmläs. Dprmkgmrä d smr mh prflmr` y mh lmc`r mk h` qum mlprmkgd, o`l` tdlafæk dprmkgmr d tmkmr aumk gmsmkv`hvflfmkt` mk sftudof`kms kumvds y k` mxpmrflmktdgds. Mcmrzd sus fkstfkt`s gm pf`kmr` y dtrævdsm d smr ustmg lfsl`. 1 O@L@ K@LMQ@ @LFWFG@3  Dprmkgmr mh drtm sutfh gm hd

o``pmrdofÿk, mh tdot` y hd gfph`ldofd. Wrdadcdr mk ds`ofdofÿk o`k `tr`s rmqufmrm p`kmr dhi` gm su pdrtm. Dprmkgd d pmrldkmomr mk smiukg` phdk` mk ods` qum numrd kmomsdrf`. Oudkg` dhiufmk o`lprmkgm oÿl` pfmksd y sfmktm `trd pmrs`kd, sm p`km mk o`lukfodofÿk o`k sus pr`pfds y smktflfmkt`s, yd ukd qum o`kofmkofd dgvfmrtm hdsgm rmdoof`kms qum pr`v`odml`of`kms mk h`s gmläs. Gmsdrr`hhdkg` h`s `pumst`s, fkormlmktdrä su p`tmkofdh ormdtfv` ? O@L@ K]LMQ@ @LFWFG@3  Ms kmomsdrf` qum dprmkgd d dut`

mxprmsdrsm. Mstfluhm sus tdhmkt`s o`lukfodtfv`s mktrmkäkg`sm mk mh drtm gm hd pdhdard, lmgfdktm hd rmprmsmktdofÿk tmdtrdh, hd `rdt`rfd, Fgf`lds, mto., o`k mh `acmt` gm hhmidr d mcmromr ukd fknhumkofd s`arm hd vfgd gm `trds pmrs`kds. Jdarä gm dg`ptdr uk pukt` gm vfstd nmhfz, `ptflfstd, gmrr`ojdkg` mktusfdsl` y dhmirìd p`r g`kgm qufmrd qum vdyd. Kmomsftd uk ldy`r trdt` s`ofdh y läs gfstrdoofÿk.

 

Uäifkd =5 gm 96 

^fdcm, mksdkojm su lmktm y mstugfm kumvds `p`rtukfgdgms. Oufgm su dpdrfmkofd, yd qum mstd mcmromrä ukd Fknhumkofd ldkfnfmstd s`arm hds pmrs`kds qum h` o`k`zodk. 7 O@L@ K@LMQ@ @LFWFG@3  Gmam dg`ptdr uk l`g` gm vfgd

`rgmkdg`, hm pmrlftd ukd mxfstmkofd mstruoturdgd. Dphfqum sussfstmlätfo`, mkmriìds mkqum n`rld tdkifahm, lmgfdktm mh trdadc` drgu` y hd gfsofphfkd. Oufgm sus nfkdkzds y ldktmkid sus oumktds dh gìd. ^uæhvdsm mo`kÿlfo` y präotfo`, o`kstdktm y gfik` gm o`knfdkzd. ]tfhfom hd rdzÿk pdrd hhmidr d sus o`kohusf`kms. _mpd qum mk ms` o`ksfstm prmofsdlmktm mh smr "'hd sdh gm hd tfmrrd“.

Uumst` qum su vfgd kmomsftd ukd adsm nfrlm, dsfæktmhd s`arm hd pfmgrd dkiuhdr gmh `rgmk, hd hÿifod y mh trdadc` dsfgu`. = O@L@ K]LMQ@ @LFWFG@3 Kmomsftd dprmkgmr d dcustdrsm d h`s

odlaf`s y d smr läs vmrsätfh. Gmam mstfluhdr uk smktfg` gm hfamrtdg nìsfod, mspfrftudh y lmktdh, gm l`g` qum sm mxprmsm mh l`g` läs dvmkturmr` gm su kdturdhmzd. Kmomsftd vfdcdr y rmhdof`kdrsm o`k gfvmrs`s tfp`s gm pmrs`kds, d nfk gm mhmvdr y dlphfdr hd pmrspmotfvd gm su vfgd. Gmsdrr`hhm su lmktm y dprmkgd d o`lukfodrsm o`k h`s gmläs mk n`rld mnmotfvd. _u lmktm sup`km su ldy`r rmours` y gmam utfhfzdrhd mk su läxfl` p`tmkofdh. > O@L@ K]LMQ@ @LFWFG@3  Kmomsftd mxprmsdr läs dl`r p`r sus

smlmcdktms. Mh > ms ukd vfardofÿk j`idrmôd, y su ndhtd fkgfod hd kmomsfgdg gm pr`nukgfzdr h`s hdz`s gm dnmot` o`k qufmkms n`rldk su ndlfhfd fklmgfdtd y su lmgf` dlafmktm. Wfmkm qum gmsdrr`hhdr uk smktfg` gm rmsp`ksdafhfgdg pmrs`kdh o`k rmspmot` d dqumhh`s qum gmpmkgmk gm ustmg y uk smktfg` gm rmsp`ksdafhfgdg s`ofdh o`k rmspmot` dh afmkmstdr gm qufmkms n`rldk su o`lukfgdg. Urmstdkg` dtmkofÿk d hds kmomsfgdgms gm h`s gmläs, fkormlmktdrä su odpdofgdg gm vmr `s g`s hdg`s gm uk pr`ahmld y, p`r o`ksfiufmktm, dulmktdrä su tdhmkt` pdrd n`rluhdr cufof`s dtfkdg`s. Mstm diugfzdg` smktfg` gmh mqufhfarf` fktmksfnfodrä su smktfg` drtìstfo` y hm dyugdrä d sdodr d hd supmrnfofm odpdofgdgms gm ormdofÿk qum ldktmkìd `ouhtds. Mkt`koms mlmrimrä mh drtfstd qum gumrlm mk ustmg.

 

Uäifkd =4 gm 96 

9 O@L@ K]LMQ@ @LFWFG@3  Kmomsftd gmsdrr`hhdr su lmktm, su pdrtm

fktuftfvd y nfh`sÿnfod. Dadkg`km gm vmz mk oudkg` mh lukg` ldtmrfdh y dprmkgd d pmkmtrdr mk sì lfsl`, d lmgftdr y d p`kgmrdr. hd sustdkofd gm su pr`pf` smr. Hds mxoursf`kms s`hftdrfds dh odlp` d hd phdydgmgmamrìdk n`rldr gm su pr`irdld dkudh. Gurdktm ms`s`pmrì`g`s dfshdlfmkt`, su pdrtm fldifkdofÿk ormdtfvd vdidrä hfarmlmktm pdrd mxph`rdr mh lukg` gmh pmksdlfmkt`. Mstfluhm su pmrompofÿk, d nfk gm k` gmcdrsm mkidôdr p`r hds dpdrfmkofds mxtmrkds. Mstugfm nfh`s`nìd, ` lmtdnìsfod pdrd mksdkojdr su lmktm. : O@L@ K]LMQ@ @LFWFG@2 Hm o`kvfmkm odkdhfzdr sus mkmriìds mk mh lukg` ldtmrfdh, o`k mh `acmtfv` gm dhodkzdr ukd p`sfofÿk gm hfgmrdzi`.

Gmsdrr`hhm su smktfg` h`s kmi`of`s. gm mxprmsdr mh pdpmh "cmnm“, mh mcmoutfv` qumgm `ridkfzd y gfrfimJd irdkgms kmi`of`s. _u gmh dlafofÿk jdarä gm o`ksfstfr mk jdomrsm uk huidr mk mh lukg` nfkdkofmr`, g`kgm su n`rtukd pumgd dormomktdrsm näofhlmktm. Mstm kólmr` o`komgm rmsfstmkofd y v`huktdg, irdofds d msds oudhfgdgms, sm o`kvmrtfrä sfk gfnfouhtdg mk uk gmstdodg gmstdodg`` dthmtd. Mh us` dpr`pfdg` gm mstd vfardofÿk hm dp`rtdrä mh prmstfif` mk mh lukg` nfkdkofmr` ` mk mh gm h`s gmp`rtms, pums dh utfhfzdr sus g`tms o`ktdrä o`k hd numrzd y hd gmtmrlfkdofÿk prmofsds pdrd sdhvdr t`g`s h`s `astäouh`s y dhodkzdr sus `acmtfv`s. 6 O@L@ K]LMQ@ @LFWFG@3 Gmam o`kvmrtfrsm mk mh ukfvmrsdhfstd, mk hd pmrs`kd juldkftdrfd ouyd prm`oupdofÿk prfldrfd o`ksfstm mk mh afmkmstdr gm h`s gmläs, gmsdrr`hhdr su dlphftug gm pmksdlfmkt` y uk dl`r ukfvmrsdh p`r sus smlmcdktms. H`s mstrmoj`s hdz`s pmrs`kdhms jdk gm `oupdr uk smiukg` huidr dktm ` qum tfmkm pdrd ustmg prf`rfgdg das`hutd, ms gmofr o`lpdrtfr o`k mh lukg` su o`k`oflfmkt` mspfrftudh m fkspfrdr d dqumhh`s ouyds vfgds dpdrmomk s`larìds y sfk mspmrdkzds. _frvd gm mcmlph` d h`s gmläs l`strdkg` su kdturdhmzd o`lpdsfvd y o`lprmksfvd. K` pmrlftd qum sm p`kidk hìlftms d su pmksdlfmkt`. Dtrævdsm d s`ôdr h`s sumô`s läs dht`s y d fktmktdr jdzdôds flp`sfahms. _md odrftdtfv`, dldktm y o`lprmksfv`.

 

Uäifkd =1 gm 96 

°Ouäh °O uäh ms tu jmrfg jmrfgd d gm hd fkn fkndkofd0 dkofd0 DH kdomr k` tmkml`s o`ktr`h kf o`ksofmkofd gm kumstrds odpdofgdgms, mstds sm mkoumktrdk mspmrdkg` smr dotfvdgds. y mk hd lmgfgd qum vdl`s ormofmkg` vdl`s pdsdkg` p`r gfstfkt`s pr`oms`s gm mv`huofÿk ypdrtm n`rldofÿk qum k`s d dyugdk d rmo`k`omrhds, utfhfzdrhds y jdomrhds gm k`s`tr`s lfsl`s. H`s prflmr`s dô`s gm vfgd s`k oruofdhms. H`s kfô`s qum rmofamk pr`tmoofÿk y odrfô` tmkgräk läs pr`adafhfgdgms gm qum sus dptftugms o`ikftfvds, hfkiøìstfods, ml`of`kdhms y s`ofdhms sm gmk gm lmc`r ldkmrd. H` qum fknhuym mk qum läs dgmhdktm mk hd vfgd, tmkidk hd `p`rtukfgdg gm o`kvmrtfrsm mk lfmlar`s fktmirdg`s, ormdtfv`s y pr`guotfv`s gm hd s`ofmgdg. Odhouhd mh kólmr` gm tu prflmr Mtdpd gm vfgd Gmsofnrdrh` dkdhfzdkg` mh kólmr` gm tu prflmrd mtdpd gmh ofoh` gm vfgd. Udrd o`k`omr mstm gdt`, s`h` tfmkms qum suldr3 tó Gìd gm kdoflfmkt` läs tu Lms gm kdoflfmkt` y o`kvmrtfr mh rmsuhtdg` d uk gìift`, mxompt` sf sm trdtd gm uk 44 ` uk 11 p`r smr kólmr`s ldmstr`s. Mcmlph`3 Umrs`kd kdofgd mh ?4 gm `otuarm gm 4665 7+45 Urflmrd mtdpd gmh ofoh` gm vfgd3 ‘Ml`of`kdhlmktm gmpmkgfmktm'“  

Gmtmrlfkd dh kfô` qum ormom o`k ukd irdk gmskutrfofÿk ml`of`kdh, mh kfô` k` ms jdafhftdg` d vfkouhdrsm ml`of`kdhlmktm gm n`rld sdkd, sm sfmktm rmojdzdg` pmrofafÿ qum k` num afmk do`ifg` p`r hd ldgrm ` p`r mh pdgrm. _u prflmrd mtdpd sm vm ldrodgd p`r hd kmomsfgdg gm jdomrsm smktfr lmrmomg`r, vdhf`s` y ótfh d h`s gmläs, sumhmk odsdrsm cÿvmkms mk ausod gm ormdr msd ndlfhfd qum k` tfmkmk. Dtmkgmrä d gmamrms y rmsp`ksdafhfgdgms mk mh j`idr, p`gräk qumgdr dh oufgdg` gm kfô`s, pdrfmktms ` afmkms gmsgm dhiukd rdzÿk. Gmtmrlfkd uk j`idr g`kgm mh kfô` pmrofam fkmstdafhfgdg ml`of`kdh, sus hdz`s vfkouhdrms smräk su tdhÿk gm Dqufhms, mspmofdhlmktm su rmhdofÿk o`k ldlä, flphfod qum hd n`rld gm smr kutrfg` ml`of`kdhlmktm p`r ldlä k` num pmrofafgd drl`kf`sd kf sdkd, jdy mxomsfvd gmpmkgmkofd ` dglfrdofÿk p`r hd ldgrm ` p`r mh o`ktrdrf` mxomsfvd mxfimkofd y o`ktr`h, gm dlads ldkmrds mh kfô` k` ms jdafhftdg` pdrd mktmkgmr qum ms uk fkgfvfgu` d pdrtm gm hd vfgd gm ldlä, hm oumstd o`rtdr mh vìkouh`, ormomr y ldgurdr

Kólmr` 9 Urflmrd mtdpd gmh ofoh` gm vfgd3 "Ormomr dktms gm su tfmlp`“  

Imkmrdhlmktm jdahd gm uk kfô` qum rmofam läs rmihds qum dl`r, g`kgm hd mkodridgd gm nfcdrhds y jdomrhds oulphfr mrd hd ldgrm k` jdy luoj` gfdh`i` ` gfsousfÿk o`kstruotfvd, smpus` mguod gmy qum ldkgdt`s g`kgm mh kfô` pmrofam qum sm hm hd o`k vdrdmxoms` luy dhtd tmkgrä qum dhodkzdrhd, mstm kfô` kdom mk uk j`idr prmcufof`s`, g`kgm hd ldgrm mguod gm ldkmrd rfiur`sd y mh pdgrm k` fktmromgm d ndv`r gmh jfc`, imkmrdhlmktm sm hm dsfikdk rmsp`ksdafhfgdgms o`l` sf numrdk ldy`rms gm hd mgdg qum tfmkmk, ndhtd gm hfamrtdg y mxoms` gm gmamr smr. Mstm kfô` sm `hvfgd gm sus sumô`s, sm sdorfnfod pdrd smiufr hd k`rld, y dukqum mst` smd fkcust` sfmlprm sm lumstrd pmrnmot` dktm h`s gmläs, sfmlprm ms mh qum o`rrmsp`kgd qum smd3 Gmtmrlfkd uk j`idr g`kgm mh kfô` ms g`ahmidg` d hd `amgfmkofd, hd mxprmsfÿk gm dnmot` ms adcd ` hflftdgd, sumhmk rdof`kdhfzdrh` t`g` y smr

 

Uäifkd =: gm 96 

gmso`knfdg`s, mstdrä huojdkg` mktrm su pmksdr y su smktfr d h` hdri` gm su vfgd, p`r h` qum p`grä qumgdr dkohdg` mk su odlfk` gmafg` d qum t`g` gmam smr dkdhfzdg` y custfnfodg`. Wmkgmkofd d smr mh qum o`rrmsp`kgm Tum smd, o`k luoj` lfmg` d smr mh lfsl` y d o`afcdrsm adc` mh dhd gm dhiufmk qum hms gfid qum jdomr, yd qum s`k mxpmrt`s mk `amgmomr, hms o`stdrä luoj` msnumrz` r`lpmr o`k mh msqumld qum sm hms flpus` pdrd p`gmr rmdhfzdr su pr`pf` pr`ymot` gm vfgd.

Kólmr` : Urflmrd mtdpd gmh ofo of o h` gm vfgd3 ‘_dkd pr`tmoofÿk y smiurfgdg'  

Gmtmrlfkd uk j`idr g`kgm mh kfô` odrmofÿ gm rmspdhg`, sm pmrofam gm ofmrtd ldkmrd, ndhtd gm smiurfgdg, s`p`rtm y sdkd pr`tmoofÿk p`r pdrtm gmh pdgrm, mh r`h gm pdpä mstd a`rr`s`, gmsgfaucdg` gfstdktm ` ms mxtrmldgdlmktm mxfimktm, gmldkgdktm y dut`rftdrf`. Odrmofÿ gm pr`tmoofÿk ml`of`kdh, dukqum k` hm ndhtÿ h` ‘kmomsdrf`'“ mk h` ldtmrfdh. Mk hd ldy`rìd gm h`s ods`s mk qum jdy uk `oj`, mh pdgrm k` dsfstfÿ lìkfldlmktm mk h` ml`of`kdh y sÿh` mk dhiuk`s ods`s s`armpr`tmifÿ, h` oudh ms pm`r qum h` `tr`. Udrd mstm kfô` pdpä k` mstä, pmr` mxfstm, tdh vmz vfdcd d lmkug` ` trdadcd luojds j`rds ` vfvm mk `trd odsd ` mk `tr` pdìs, ` pdrtfÿ sfk gdr smôdhms gm vfgd, Tufzäs ms uk j`larm ` lucmr p`o` vdh`rdg`s p`r hd ldgrm gmh kfô` ` p`r hd s`ofmgdg, mh kfô` sfmktm hd kmomsfgdg gm o`kstrufr su smiurfgdg y hd adsd mk h` ldtmrfdh, p`r smr hd pdrtm qum o`ktr`hd, gmcdkg` gm hdg` su pdrtm ml`of`kdh. Hd nfiurd pdtmrkd ms prmp`kgmrdktm. Mh pdpä uk oÿgfi`hìlftms qum sfrvm gm arócuhd y sm mkodrid gm rmiuhdr hd pdrtm l`rdh,gdmstdahmomr y k`rlds y nfcdr pdtr`kms gm o`kguotd s`ofdh. Mh gfkmr` sm ds`ofd dh lukg` y mh lukg` ms mh pdgrm, Udrd p`gmr o`rtdr o`k mh o`rgÿk ulafhfodh gmh pdgrm jdarä qum ausodr su pr`pf` gfkmr` Imkmrd hd prmsmkofd gm fksmiurfgdgm fksmiurfgdgmss ldtmrfdhms (trdadc`, gfkmr`, afmkms) y dnmotfvds. Wmki` lfmg` gm odrmomr gm. * *Kukod h` o`ksmiufræ“, ‘Kukod o`ksmiufræ rmdhfzdr mst`“ mxprmsdk afmk h`s smktflfmkt`s fktmrf`rms vfvfg`s p`r hd pmrs`kd o`k prflmrd mtdpd :.

 

Uäifkd =6 gm 96 

Kólmr` 6 Urflmrd mtdpd mtdpd gmh ofoh` ofo h` gm vfgd3 " Umrgf Umrgfgds gds y d dusmkof usmkofds ds ml`of`kdhms"

Gmtmrlfkd uk j`idr g`kgm mh kfô` vfvm gm dhiók tfp` mxpmrfmkofds ml`tfvds luy numrtms pdrd su mgdg o`l`3 pærgfgds, dusmkofds, gmompof`kms, gmsfhusf`kms ` uk ldrodg` rmsmktflfmkt` o`k mh pdgrm, mk mstm j`idr mh k` s`armhhmvd ukd rmhdofÿk k` gfimrfgd o`k mh pdgrm, hd tfmkm dtrdidktdgd, p`rqum sm num y h` dadkg`kÿ ` p`rqum ms mh lmc`r j`larm gmh lukg` y tmrlfkd p`r dhodkzdrh`, gm oudhqufmr n`rld, mh kfô` tmrlfkd sfmkg` dkuhdg`. Uumgm dh lfsl` tfmlp` ldrodr ukd vfgd mk mxtrmld s`armpr`tmoofÿk, g`kgm mxfstm mxdimrdgd dtmkofÿk d sus kmomsfgdgms p`r pdrtm gm hd ndlfhfd, p`r h` qum k` sm hm jdafhftd pdrd mcmromr su dut`sunfofmkofd, ormomr y ldgurdr. Hds pmrs`kds o`k prflmrd mtdpd gm rmdhfzdofÿk 6, pumgmk tmkmr tmkgmkofd d dkuhdrsm, yd qum mstäk gmsjdafhftdg`s pdrd gmsdrr`hhdrsm k` jdy mcmlph` gm pdgrm ` p`r dusmkofd ` p`rqum h` s`armpr`tmifmr`k gmcäkg`h`s ml`of`kdhlmktm gmpmkgfmktms m flp`sfafhftdg`s pdrd sdamr h` qum qufmrmk. Irdk tmkgmkofd d vmr p`r h`s `c`s gmh s`armpr`tmot`r, o`l` mh pmrr` qum jdom hd pfrumtd pdrd qum hm gmk hd idhhmtd, y qumgd dsì flpmgfg` pdrd ormomr mk su kmomsfgdg gm hfamrtdg m fkgmpmkgmkofd. K` sdamk fgmktfnfodr sus gmsm`s yd qum vmk d trdvæs gm h`s gmsm`s gm sus pr`tmot`rms. Gmamräk tmrlfkdr gm ormomr y trdadcdr mk su dut`sunfofmkofd, gm h` o`ktrdrf` hd vfgd hms frä prmsf`kdkg` jdstd qum h` jdidk.

Kólmr` 44 Urflmrd mtdpd gmh ofoh` gm vfgd3 "O`knfdkzd mk lì lfsl`s“. 

Gmtmrlfkd uk j`idr g`kgm mh kfô` pdsd p`r vfvmkofds gm tmksfÿk y prmsfÿk, g`kgm pumg` jdamr sfg` tmstfi`s gm irft`s, pmhmds, gfsputds ` trdfof`kms, ` gm uk kfvmh gm mxfimkofd luy numrtm jdofd mh kfô`, vfvm o`k hd smksdofÿk gm k` smr dldg`, kf vdh`rdg`, mspmrdk qum dnumrd hm rmo`k`zod sus tdhmkt`s y vdhìd, y hm rmsumhvd sus pr`ahmlds, s`k mk mxtrml` ndktdsf`s`s y sumhmk gmso`kmotdrsm o`k ndofhfgdg gmh dnumrd

 

Uäifkd >5 gm 96 

pdrd frsm d uk lukg` fktmrf`r. Hds pmrs`kds o`k prflmrd mtdpd gm rmdhfzdofÿk 44, yd qum sm jdk msn`rzdg` tmkdzlmktm pdrd ouarfr hds mxpmotdtfvds gm h`s gmläs, hhmvdk uk irdk pms` mk hd mspdhgd, sus huojds d vmoms pdrmomk k` tmkmr msomkdrf`s vfot`rf`s`s, pdsdk p`r pmrì`g`s gm huz y `asourfgdg y tfmkgmk d gmtmkmrsm mk h`s gmtdhhms lmk`rms pmrgfmkg` gm vfstd mh pdk`rdld ih`adh. Udrd mstm kfô`, ldlä, ormd irdkgms gmldkgds ` mxpmotdtfvds, hd ldgrm sumhm smr sópmr o`ktr`hdg`rd, p`rqum gm kfôd k` hd gmcdr`k smr y num o`ktr`hdgd t`tdhlmktm, dsì qum sm hd pdsd o`ktr`hdkg` d h`s gmläs. Wdlafæk pumgmk pmrofafr d ukd ldgrm qum vfvm ukd vfgd gm irdkgms gmldkgds y mxfimkofds, g`kgm hd vfgd jd sfg` fkcustd o`k mhhd. Ormomk dhtmrkdkg` mk 1 rmdhfgdgms, uk lukg` gm mxfimkofds gm fldimk y gfstfkofÿk dh oudh prmtmkgmk pmrtmkmomr ` gmamrìdk pmrtmkmomr y mh lukg` rmdh g`kgm mstäk pdrdg`s qum imkmrdhlmktm ms h` o`ktrdrf` dh qum Hdsdl`rms dpdrfmkofds pumgmksftudof`kms cuidr uk pdpmh prmp`kgmrdktm, vfvm sumôdk. gm sumô`s, phdtÿkfo`s, fgmdhfzdgds, mto. Umr`sm o`k hd tmkgmkofd d k` p`gmr jdomr h` qum sm sfmktm y qufmrm, Mstm k`larm ldrod, vdofhdof`kms qum trdmräk pærgfgds gm `p`rtukfgdgms, tmkgmkofd d trdfof`kms, mkidô`s y sftudof`kms mladrdz`sds, g`h`r mk mh dl`r, ndhtd gm sdkds rmhdof`kms, gfsmlfkdof`kms gm hds fgmds, dksfmgdg y gugds. _ftudof`kms g`kgm sm fkv`huordk odrid gm irdkgms rmsp`ksdafhfgdgms, g`kgm sm tmkgrä hd smksdofÿk gm k` jdamr sfg` dldg`.

Kólmr` 11 Urflmrd mtdpd gmh ofoh` gm vfgd3 ‘_`armpdsdkg` h`s `astäouh`s'  

Gmtmrlfkd uk j`idr g`kgm mh kfô` mstdrä mxpumst` d oudhqufmrd gm mst`s g`s msomkdrf`s uk` o`k s`armpr`tmoofÿk y mxoms` gm dtmkofÿk y daukgdkofd ldtmrfdh, g`kgm pugfmr`k mxfstfr vfdcms dh mxtrdkcmr` y mxpmrfmkofds gm mxoms`s ldtmrfdhms pdrd mh kfô` ` h` o`ktrdrf` p`od dtmkofÿk d sus kmomsfgdgms y irdk msodsmz gm rmours`s ldtmrfdhms o`k sftudof`kms gm ndhtd gm pr`tmoofÿk y smiurfgdg mk hd vfgd, yd smd p`r ndhtd gm rmours`s ldtmrfdhms ` p`r flp`sfafhfgdg nìsfod, mk dla`s ods`s mxfstm hd tmkgmkofd gm qum hd ndlfhfd ausqum jfc`s pmrnmot`s, mxft`s`s y gmstdodg`s, ldlä y pdpä flpuhsdräk pdrd mstm kfô` d ukd o`lpmtmkofd nrmkætfod y p`o` sdhugdahm p`r trfukndr, smr mxft`s` y

 

Uäifkd >4 gm 96 

tmkmr, h` qum imkmrd ukd smksdofÿk gm mstdr sfmlprm fko`lphmt`, (Tum nmhfz smrìd oudkg` tuvfmrd mh odrr` gm lfs sumô`s) h` qum pr`v`od uk vdoì` mk mh dhld qum tdrgdrä luoj` mk p`gmr hhmkdr, ms o`l` sf odgd o`sd qum o`ksfiufmrd h` mlpucdrd d ausodr dhi` läs, mqufvdhmktm d t`ldr uk vds` gm diud pmr` sfmlprm qumgdrsm o`k smg. H` qum vumhvm d mst`s irup`s mxtrmldgdlmktm o`ktr`hdg`rms. _m gmamrä trdadcdr mk hd o`kstruoofÿk gm hd pr`pfd fgmktfgdg, jdafhftäkg`sm y o`rtdkg` hd gmpmkgmkofd o`k hd ndlfhfd, sustftuymkg` hd g`lfkdofÿk, mxpmotdtfvds y mh p`gmr gmh pdgrm ` hd t`tdh ndhtd gm pr`tmoofÿk sdkd gmh lfsl`, pdrd gmsdrr`hhdr su pr`pfd smiurfgdg m fldimk. Hds pmrs`kds o`k k`larm 11, gmamräk dprmkgmr d r`lpmr o`k hd fldimk, h`s prmcufof`s dtdgurds qum hm numr`k fkstdhdg`s, Udrd dhodkzdr su pr`pf` huidr mk mh lukg`. Gmamräk dprmkgmr d fgmktfnfodr su pr`pf` p`gmr pmrs`kdh y d huojdr sus adtdhhds p`r sì lfsl`s, sfk mspmrdr mh dp`y` ` s`p`rtm gm dhiufmk läs, d hds pmrs`kds o`k prflmrd mtdpd 11, su prumad smrä gmtmrlfkdgd p`r hd lmgfgd mk qum supmrdk hds odrmkofds ml`of`kdhms ` hflftdof`kms mcmrofgds p`r mh pdgrm.

 

Uäifkd >1 gm 96 

OFOH@ OFO H@ GM HD HD_ _ HMWQD_ Hd odktfgdg qum o`ktfmkm mh k`larm gm ukd pmrs`kd k` ms uk gdt` lmk`r D mstm kólmr` h` gmk`lfkdl`s mh ofoh` gm hds hmtrds. Mstd ofnrd k`s gdrä dô`s ohdvms mk hd vfgd gm ukd pmrs`kd Ms gmofr qum smiók hds hmtrds qum su k`larm o`ktmkid, sm k`s fkgfodrd suoms`s flp`rtdktms, qum, jd dtrdvmsdg` mk msm kólmr` gm dô`s. Umr` mstä o`lpr`adg` qum h`s do`ktmoflfmkt`s aumk`s - ldh`s, gm hd vfgd qum ldrodk mk ukd pmrs`kd, ukd sftudofÿk rmhmvdktm, sm pumgmk gdr kumvdlmktm mk hd lftdg gmh trdksours` gmh ofoh`. D su vmz sm pumgmk rmpmtfr p`r lftdgms. LDQFD LDQWD ODOOFDW@QM < 15 Hmtrds U`gml`s gmofrhm qum d h`s 15 dô`s suomgfÿ dhi` flp`rtdktm mk su vfgd. U`grìdl`s tdlafæk dkdhfzdr gmtdhhdgdlmktm msm dô` gm su vfgd, gmguofr mk quæ smktfg` num msm suoms`. Gmofrhm qum jua` uk jmoj` flp`rtdktm oudkg` oulphfÿ hd lftdg gmh ofoh` (d h`s 45 dô`s), y dsì suomsfvdlmktm... mko`ktrdl`s mk t`gds hds pmrs`kds dkdhfzdgds kulmr`hÿifodlmktm, jmoj`s o`l` odsdlfmkt`s, pærgfgds, nfkdhms, odlaf`s flp`rtdktms gm trdadc`, gmofsf`kms trdsomkgmktms mto. Umr` sm gmam tmkmr mk oumktd qum kdgfm ms uk s`h` gdt`, y qum mh mstugf` gm ukd pmrs`kd sm jdom mk adsm d luoj`s rmsuhtdg`s y dh dkähfsfs mxjdustfv` gm hd o`lafkdofÿ o`lafkdofÿkk m fktmrrmhdofÿ fktmrrmhdofÿkk gm t`g`s mhh`s.

 

Uäifkd >? gm 96 

H@_ K]LMQ@_ V _]_ D_UMOW@_ Ms luy flp`rtdktm o`ksfgmrdr qum h`s kólmr`s tfmkmk gfnmrmktms dspmot`s, qum uk lfsl` kólmr` pumgm smr vfvfg` p`r hd pmrs`kd qum h` p`smm, gm gfnmrmktms ldkmrds. Mcm3 _f p`gml`s mko`ktrdr g`s pmrs`kds o`k kólmr` gm gmstfk` =, y vmr qum ukd gm mhhds ms hìgmr, vmrsätfh, dldktm gm su dspmot` nìsfo` y gm gfsofphfkds dh rmspmot`. Hd `trd pmrs`kd dgfotd d hds gr`ids, amafgds,  cumi`s, mto. Mst` `ourrm p`rqum h`s kólmr`s tfmkmk dspmot`s p`sftfv`s, kmidtfv`s y gmstruotfv`s. Gm qumsut`lm mkmriìd gmh h` rfim, y hdodgd n`rldpmrs`kd mk qum gmpmkgm gmofgd vfvfr vfgd hdy trdksftdr suskólmr` dkjmh`squm _fmlprm qum sm hm jdom mh dkähfsfs d ukd pmrs`kd sm o`lfmkzd gmsorfafmkg` sus odrdotmrìstfods odrdotmrìstf ods mk mh dspmot` p`sftfv`. U`rqum hd ldy`rìd gm hds pmrs`kds vfvmk gmh hdg` p`sftfv` gm hd vfgd y gm sus dkjmh`s, s`k lmk`s hds qum mstäk prfvdgds gm su hfamrtdg, qum hds qum mstäk hfarms. Mcm3 _`k lmk`s h`s dho`jÿhfo`s y gr`i`gmpmkgfmktms, qum h`s qum ouhtfvdk sus vfgds. Kdgfm ms das`hutdlmktm aumk` ` ldh`. D_UMOW@_ U@_FWF^@_ GM H@_ K]LMQ@_ K 43 Dotfvfgdg, hfgmrdzi`, fkgmpmkgmkofd, numrzd. K 13 Gfph`ldofd, o``pmrdofÿ o``pmrdofÿk, k, drl`kìd, smrvfof`. K ?3 @ptflfsl`, jul`r, dut` mxprmsfÿk, s`ofdafhfgdg. K 73 J`kmstfgdg, pdofmkofd, mo`k`lìd, `ridkfzdofÿk, mlpmô`, hmdhtdgK =3 Hfamrtdg, odlaf`, vfgd, dvmkturd, pr`irms`, hfgmrdzi`, vmrsdtfhfgdg. K >3 _mktfg` j`idrmô`, odpdofgdg pmgdiÿifod, rmsp`ksdafhfgdg, smrvfof`.

 

Uäifkd >7 gm 96 

K 93 _dafgurìd, fktr`spmoofÿk, aósqumgd gm pmrnmoof`kdlfmkt`, mspfrftudhfgdg. K :3 Dut`rfgdg, hfgmrdzi`, ldkg`, odpdofgdg mcmoutfvd, prdildtfsl`. K 63 O`lpdsfÿk, dl`r ukfvmrsdh, tdhmkt` drtìstfo`, g`kms gm sdkdofÿk, smrvfof`. K 443 Fktufofÿk, fkspfrdofÿk, fkvmkofÿk, hfgmrdzi` mspfrftudh, rmvmhdofÿk, fgmdhfsl`. K 113 U`gmr, -fktmrkdof`kdhfsl`, fgmdhfstd prdotfo`, dlafof`s`, o`k smktfg` gm hd rmsp`ksdafhfgdg. D_UMOW@_ KMIDWF^@_ GM H@_ K]LMQ@_ K 43 Umrmzd, lfmg`, s`hmgdg, fkmstdafhfgdg, mi`ìsl`, `astfkdofÿk `astfkdofÿk,, ndkndrr`kmrìd. K 13 Wflfgmz, ndhtd gm tdot`, jfpmrsmksfafhfgdg, vdofhdofÿk, s`lmtflfmkt`. K` ?3 Ojuslmrf`, pmsflfsl`, mxtrdvdidkofd, rmprmsfÿk, ndhs` `riuhh`, adcd mxprmsfvfgdg. K 73 Mstrmojm Mstrmojmzz gm lfrds, rfiur`sfgdg, gurmzd, rmstrfoo rmstrfoofÿk. fÿk. K =3 Frrmnhmxfÿk, gfhdofÿk, frrmsp`ksda frrmsp`ksdafhfgdg. fhfgdg. K >3 Dksfmgdg o`kstdktm, prm`oupdofÿk gmslmgfgd, gfsousfÿk, fktr`lfsfÿk. K` 93 _drodsl`, lmhdko`hìd, nrfdhgdg, kmrvf`sfsl`, julfhhdofÿk, tmkgmkofd kmidtfvd d ormmr s`h` mk h` qum vm. K :3 Fkt`hmrdkofd, flpdofmkofd, tmksfÿk, fktrfid, orumhgdg. K 63 Qmsmktflfmkt`, mi`ìsl`, fkgfsormofÿk, gfsfpdofÿk.

 

Uäifkd >= gm 96 

H @_ UHDK@_ UHD K@_ GM MZF_WMKOFD MZF_WMKOFD Gm hds ‘Hmoof`kms Bärlfods' sm gmsprmkgmk h`s ‘Uhdk`s gm mxfstmkofd“.  

U`gml`s gfstfkiufr 7 phdk`s gm mxfstmkofd3 Lmktdh, Nìsfo`, Ml`of`kdh, Mspfrftudh.

Uhdk` Lmktdh  (UL)3 Ms mh phdk` mk qum sm o`ksfgmrd t`g` h` rmnmrmktm d hd odpdofgdg gm dgdptdofÿk gm hd pmrs`kd dh lukg`, mh dquì y dj`rd. Mh dj`rd mk hd rmdhfgdg qum hm t`od vfvfr. _m rmnfmrm d hd rdpfgmz o`k hd qum hd pmrs`kd oumktd pdrd rms`hvmr sftudof`kms pr`ahmlätfods y hd odpdofgdg gm vmr hds sftudof`kms mk su t`tdhfgdg. Mh Uhdk` Lmktdh  k` tfmkm qum vmr o`k hd odpdofgdg gm mstugf` yd qum mk t`g`s h`s Uhdk`s p`gml`s mko`ktrdr pmrs`kds qum jdk `atmkfg`. Wìtuh`s ukfvmrsftdrf`s. H` qum, sf dkdhfzdl`s gmsgm mstm Uhdk`, ms hd odpdofgdg gm dpmrturd dpmrturd nrmktm d hd vfgd y d hds ofroukstdkof ofroukstdkofds. ds.

Uhdk` nìsfo` nìsf o` (UN) (UN)33 Ms mh Uhdk` mk mh qum sm o`ksfgmrd t`g` h` rmnmrmktm d hd n`rld mk qum sm vfkouhdk hds doof`kms d trdvæs gm hd mstruoturd nìsfod, gmh oumrp` juldk`. Fkv`huord h`s o`lp`rtdlfmkt`s, hds s`ldtfzdof`kms, hds rmhdof`kms o`rp`rdhms, hds mknmrlmgdgms.

Uhdk` Ml`of`k Ml`of `kdh dh (UM (UMl)3 l)3 Ms mh phdk` mk qum sm o`ksfgmrd t`g` h` rmnmrmktm d hd n`rld mk qum sm odkdhfzdk hds ml`of`kms gmh fkgfvfgu`.

Uhdk` Mspfrftudh (UM)3 Ms mh phdk` mk qum sm o`ksfgmrd t`g` h` rmnmrmktm d hd n`rld mk qum sm

 

Uäifkd >> gm 96 

ldkfnfmstd mh mstdg` mv`hutfv` gm hd vfgd mspfrftudh gm ukd pmrs`kd. Qmt`ldkg` hd lmt`g`h`iìd qum k`s pmrlftfrä rmdhfzdr mh Mstugf` Kulmr`hÿifo`, hd n`rld gm `atmkmr hds odrdotmrìstfods pdrtfouhdrms gm h`s Uhdk`s gm Mxfstmkofd lmkof`kdg`s ms, pdrd mh o`ksuhtdktm mk oumstfÿk, hd sfiufmktm3 UL3 _m `atfmkm suldkg` hd odktfgdg gm kólmr`s (4 y :) gmh k`larm o`lphmt` (mh V` y h` @ouht`). UN3 _m `atfmkm suldkg` hd odktfgdg gm kólmr`s (7 y =) gmh k`larm o`lphmt` (h` o`kormt` y h`s odlaf`s). UMl3 _m `atfmkm suldkg` hd odktfgdg gm kólmr`s (1,?, y >) gmh k`larm o`lphmt` (d pdrmcd, h`s jfc`s y mh j`idr) UM3 _m `atfmkm suldkg` hd odktfgdg gm kólmr`s 9 y 6 gmh k`larm o`lphmt` (H` lìstfo` y hd dhtd mspfrftudhfgdg) °Tuæ irdg` gm mv`huofÿk tfmkm odgd ukd gm tus mkmriìds0 Hd odktfgdg qum `atmkids gm odgd kólmr`, ms mh vdh`r gmh dvdkom qum hhmvds mk mh dprmkgfzdcm gm odgd vfardofÿk, ms gmofr, mh irdg` gm mv`huofÿk qum sm imkmrÿ mk odgd kólmr` jdstd tu vfgd dktmrf`r, dh o`ktdafhfzdr hds vfardof`kms kulærfods. Mh `acmtfv` smrìd hhmidr d hd vfardofÿk 6 qum o`rrmsp`kgm d hd phmkftug, sfk mladri`

 

Uäifkd >9 gm 96 

Hd o`rrmsp`kg o`r rmsp`kgmkofd mkofd mktr mktrm m hds Hmoof`k Hmoof`km ms Bärlfod Bärlfo ds y mh kfvmh kf vmh gm dpr dprmkgf mkgfzd zdcm. cm. Kólmr`

_m rmhdof`kd o`k

5

k` num dprmkgfgd

4

k` jd sfg` dprmkgfgd d o`ksofmkofd o`ksofmkof d

1

k` jd sfg` dprmkgfgd d o`ksofmkofd o`ksofmkof d

?

pug` mxfstfr uk ldy`r o`lpr`lfs`

7

num o`kormtdgd

=mxoms`

num o`kormtdgd o`k tdhmkt` y o`k tmkgmkofd dh

>

num o`kormtdgd y sm hhmvÿ dh smrvfof`

9

num dprmkgfgd y pmrnmoof`kdgd pmrnmoof`kdg d gmsgm mh dhld

:. Dprmkgfgd gmsgm h` `ouht`, fkv`huordkg` h` ldtmrfdh y h` mspfrftudh 6. Dprmkgfgd gmsgm hds läs dhtds vfardof`kms. Hmoofÿk dprmkgfgd p`r ldkgdt` gfvfk`. Mh gmsmqufhfarf` smpdrd dh _mr Juldk` gm sus p`sfafhfgdgms Mh mqufhfarf` mk t`g`s h`s dspmot`s y/` phdk`s gmh smr juldk` ms flp`rtdktm, sfk mh kdgd pumgm rmdhfzdrsm2 sfk hd t`gd phmkftug rmsuhtd flp`sfahm. Jdy sftudof`kms mk hd vfgd mk hds qum tm mkoumktrds mk ukd orfsfs mk vdrf`s phdk`s gm tu vfgd, g`kgm tus mstdg`s3 ml`of`kdh, lmktdh, mspfrftudh y nìsfo` tm hhmvdk d dotudr o`k gmsdrl`kìd y gmsmqufhfarf`, mh rmsuhtdg` ms - qum tus lmtds k` sm o`kormtdk mxft`sdlmktm. Mst` tm pdsd p`rqum tus phdk`s mxfstmkofdhms mstäk mk gmsadhdkom h` qum tm

 

Uäifkd >: gm 96 

gmcd sfk p`gmr o`ktr`hdr hds sftudof`kms mk luoj`s gm h`s ods`s dtrdymkg` mh od`s, hd fktrdkqufhfgdg, ndhtd gm rmdhfzdofÿk y mkn`qum, mto. Mh gdrtm oumktd gm mst` ms mh prflmr pds` pdrd qumrmr sdamr y o`k`omr läs gm tf lfsl` m fkfofdr mh odlfk` jdofd mh mqufhfarf`. _fikfnfo _fikf nfodg` dg` gmh dprmkgfzdcm qum rmprmsmktd odgd mkmriìd mkmriìd kulærfod

Qmvfsd mstd tdahd pdrd qum pumgds gdrtm oumktd gm ouähms s`k h`s tmlds qum tfmkms lmk`s gmsdrr`hhdg`s y mlpfmzd d trdadcdr mk mhh`s mk ausod gm tu mqufhfarf` Kólmr` _m rmhdof`kd rmhdof`k d o`k

4 mh V`“ y mh p`gmr gm dut`dnfrldofÿk pdrd smr tó lf sl` gmcdkg` mh (DC, _) mi`omktrfsl` y mh mi`ìsl`. 1 hd o`knfdkzd, h`s sdk`s vìkouh`s y hds rmhdof`kms gm pdrmcd, (A, WB) vmkofmkg` su tmkgmkofd d hd gudhfgdg (Tufmr` - k` qufmr`, v`y k` v`y) ? (O, H,]) Hd hmdhtdg d sì lfsl`, oufgdg` gm h`s jfc`s y h`s gfsoìpuh`s, mvftdkg` fko`kstdkofd m fkmstdafhfgdg fkmstdafhfgdg.. 7(G, L) O`kormtdr mk h` ldtmrfdh, mh trdadc` y mh ldkmc` gmh o`ktr`h, mvftdkg` hd rfifgmz qum h` o`kguomk dh mstdkodlfmkt` mstdkodlfmkt`.. = hd domptdofÿk y dgdptdafhfgdg d h`s odlaf`s, imkmrdr h`s odlaf`s, (M,K,K,Y) mh mxoms`s gm h`s smktfg`s vs. Hd rdof`kdhfzdofÿk gm sus dot`s. > (N,@,Z) Mh dl`r pr`pf` d trdvæs gm ukd vfgd mk mqufhfarf` y drl`kìd, Mh j`idr, hds rmhdof`kms y mh smrvfof` o`k gmsdpmi`. Mh pmrnmoof`kdlfmkt`, pmrnmoof`kdl fmkt`, h`s mstugf`s lìstfo`s, hd pr`pfd 9(I,U,V) rmsp`ksdafhfgdg, tmkfmkg` nm mk sì lfsl`. Udrd gmsdrr`hhdr su lmktm d trdvæs gm hd fkvmstfidofÿk y o`knfdr mk su fktufofÿk y pmrompofÿk.

 

Uäifkd >6 gm 96 

:. MH Bdrld, mqufhfarf` mktrm h` ldtmrfdh y h` mspfrftudh, h`s mstugf`s (J,T,S) ms`tærfo`s, hd dut`rfgdg, hd o`kstruoofÿk gm irdkgms mlprmkgflfmkt`s. _fk `hvfgdr hd `trd lftdg y mh daus` gm su p`gmr. 6. Hd dhtd mspfrftudhfgdg, hd fiudhgdg, hd gmnmksd gmh o`hmotfv`, mh hìgmr (Q,F) s`ofdh, dht`s o`ktdot`s y rmo`k`oflfmkt`, mvftdkg` hd g`lfkdofÿk ` mh qumrmr o`ktr`hdrh` t`g` y d t`g`s. Gmnfkf Gm nfkfrr h`s h` s Uhdk`s mxfstmkofdhms

Mh gmspmrtdr sÿh` ms p`sfahm pdrd dqumhh`s qum h` ausodk, h` qufmrmk y mstäk gfspumst`s d huojdr o`ksfi` lfsl`s, d trdadcdr s`arm sì lfsl`s, o`kstdktmlmktm y o`k pmrsmvmrdkofd pdrd `atmkmrh`. Mkt`koms °Oÿl` mko`ktrdr mh mqufhfarf`0 _f o`ksfgmrdl`s mst`s 7 phdk`s mxfstmkofdhms o`l` hds 7 pdtds gm ukd lmsd, mktmkgmrml`s qum mh pr`pÿsft` pdrd mh ouäh num ormdgd, dsì o`l` su mstdafhfgdg y nfrlmzd gmpmkgmräk gm qum hds oudtr` pdtds smdk gm fiudh tdldô` y qum hd fkmstdafhfgdg, nrdifhfgdg y mh fkoulphflfmkt` gm su pr`pÿsft` sm jdräk prmsmktms oudkg` dhiukd gm sus pdtds mstm läs o`rtd ` gmspr`p`rof`kdgd d hds gmläs. Dsì pums, hd lmrd gmtmrlfkdofÿk gm mqufhfardrk`s ms mh prflmr pds` gm uk hdri` odlfk` qum gmamräs dnr`ktdr o`k odhld y pdofmkofd. Gm hds Hmoof`kms Bärlfods“ sm gmsprmkgmk h`s Uhdk`s gm

Mxfstmkofd'(Hds 7 pdtds gm hd lmsd), mst`s sm ohdsfnfodk mk oudtr`3 Mh Uhdk` Lmktdh3 _m `atfmkm suldkg` hd odktfgdg gm 4 y : gmh k`larm o`lphmt` (MH y` y h` `ouht`) Mh Uhdk` Nìsfo`3 _m `atfmkm suldkg` hd odktfgdg gm 7 y = gmh k`larm o`lphmt` (Ì` o`kormt` y h`s odlaf`s) Mh Uhdk` Ml`of`kdh3 _m `atfmkm suldkg` hd odktfgdg gm 1, ?y > gmh k`larm o`lphmt` (Udrmcd, jfc`s y j`idr) • Mh Uhdk` Mspfrftudh3 _m `atfmkm suldkg` hd odktfgdg gm 9y 6 gmh

 

Uäifkd 95 gm 96 

k`larm o`lphmt` (h` lìstfo` y hd dhtd mspfrftudhfgdg) Ms kmomsdrf` gmtmrlfkdr mk ouäh phdk` vfkouhdl`s läs y ouäh tmkml`s lmk`s p`tmkofdhfzdg`, mh irdg` gm mqufhfarf` mktrm mhh`s fkgfodrä k` s`h` mh tfp` gm fkgfvfgu` qum smräs, sfk` qum dgmläs tm pumgm l`strdr mh odlp` gm dotfvfgdg ` mxprmsfÿk g`kgm lmc`r tm gmsdrr`hhdräs. Gm h`s phdk`s gm hd mxfstmkofd sm gmsofnrd ouäh ms mh orftmrf` qum utfhfzds pdrd mknrmktdr dh lukg`, o`l` ldkmcds hd rmsp`ksdafhfgdg y o`l` sm rmvmhd tu odräotmr y tu odpdofgdg nrmktm d hds sftudof`kms gm vfgd. Mk `trds pdhdards, k`s gfom sf mrms präotfo`, rdof`kdhfzdg`r, ml`tfv` ` fldifkdtfv` smksftfv`, h` qum pumgm gdrk`s uk luy aumk pdrälmtr` pdrd hd mhmoofÿk gm tu v`odofÿk. _fikfnfodg`

UL 5 _mrms luy omrrdg`s. K` sdhmk gm su mstruoturd. Fkodpdofgdg pdrd gmsdrr`hhdr su ormdtfvfgdg. _m gmsmspmrdk dktm h`s odlaf`s p`rqum k` tfmkmk dptftug pdrd dgdptdrsm räpfgdlmktm d h` qum hm fkgfodk hds ofroukstdkofds. _m lumstrdk omrrdg`s y kmof`s2 mst` k` ms läs qum ukd gmnmksd mhda`rdgd d pdrtfr gm sus pr`pfds odrmkofds. 4. W`g` h` qum `ourrd mk mh lukg` qum h` r`gmd, h` vm vm mk nukofÿk gm sì lfsl` y h` dkdhfzd smiók su pr`pfd o`kvmkfmkofd. Mstä i`amrkdg` p`r mh mi`. O`k ukd pmrs`kd dsì, ms gfnìofh fktmrodlafdr `pfkf`kms. 1. Hd tmkgmkofd ms hd gudhfgdg y, gmsgm hd gudhfgdg, sm o`kmotd o`k hd dlafiømgdg. Udrd mcmlphfnfodrh` p`grìdl`s gmofr3 «qufmr`. k` qufmr`, v`y...k` v`y, lm iustd... k` lm iustd, lm p`ki` mst` ` lm p`ki` dqumhh`². ?. Mstm phdk` kmomsftd darfrsm d hd o`lukfodofÿk, rmhdof`kdrsm o`k h`s gmläs, gmsdrr`hhdr hd ormdtfvfgdg. Ms uk dut`l`tfvdg`3 t`g` hm iustd, mk t`g` qufmrm mstdr, t`g` hm fktmrmsd. Gmam oufgdrsm gm ndktdsmdr o`k

 

Uäifkd 94 gm 96 

mk`rlms pr`ymot`s, pumst` qum sm vmrä flp`sfafhftdg` gm o`kormtdr pmqumô`s `acmtfv`s. Mst` `ourrm p`rqum su mxomsfv` fktmræs, h` hhmvd d gfspmrsdr mk`rlms odktfgdgms gm mkmriìd, p`r h` tdkt`, sus dkjmh`s sumhmk gmsvdkmomrsm mk mh odlfk`. 7. Mh mstruoturdg`. W`g` mk su lmktm mstä do`l`gdg`, hflpft` y `ridkfzdg`. _f afmk mst` ms flp`rtdktm, jdarìd qum mvftdr qum hhmiumk d smr gmldsfdg` `rt`g`x`s m fks`p`rtdahmlmktm tmro`s. =. D pdrtfr gm mstm kólmr` jdahdrml`s gm UL dht`s, sfmkg` æstm mh qum iudrgd uk ldy`r mqufhfarf` y hd p`sfafhfgdg gm o`kmxfÿk mktrm h`s phdk`s adc`s y phdk`s dht`s. Wfmkm ukd odpdofgdg lmgfólkfod, hd qum hms pmrlftm o`lukfodrsm o`k hds fgmds imkmrdtrfoms, y `ridkfzdrhds y o`kormtdrhds. Mstm Uhdk` Lmktdh sfmktm qum ms luy gfnìofh o`lukfodrsm o`k pmrs`kds qum vfardk mk Uhdk`s Lmktdhms läs adc`s, pmr` h` h`ird d trdvæs gm h` dktms mxpumst`, h` oudh hm arfkgd hd odpdofgdg gm dgdptdrsm räpfgdlmktm dh odlaf`. U`r h` tdkt`, o`ksfium, ormdtfvdlmktm, o`lprmkgmr y jdomrsm o`lprmkgmr, rmhdof`kdrsm y o`lukfodrsmm sfk pmrgmr su odpdofgdg. o`lukfodrs >. K` tfmkm odpdofgdg lmgfólkfod (jdoml`s k`tdr qum F`s UL >,9,:y6 vfvmk l`lmkt`s gm dkiustfd luy fktmks`s, pumst` qum jdy ukd odpdofgdg supmrf`r, pmr` k` pumgmk mhda`rdr räpfgdlmktm hd n`rld. gm dgdptdrsm dh lukg` y d hd s`ofmgdg mk hd qum hms jd t`odg` vfvfr. Ms prugmktm suimrfrhms ukd tmrdpfd psfo`hÿifod ` psfo`dkdhìtfod qum h`s dyugm pdrd ukd fksmrofÿk lmk`s g`h`r`sd qum hd s`ofmgdg) Mh UL > ausod smrvfr dl`r`sdlmktm dh `tr`. Kmomsftd gm ukd t`tdh drl`kìd d su dhrmgmg`r, dukqum pdrd h`irdrhd sm p`kid tmro` y `asmsfv`. _f k` h`ird msm mstdg` mk su vfgd, ms æh lfsl` qufmk vd d gmstrufr hd pdz gm

 

Uäifkd 91 gm 96 

h`s gmläs y hd suyd pr`pfd. 9. Flp`rtdktm tmkgmkofd d hd gmprmsfÿk. Odkdhfzd d trdvæs gmh mstugf` y hd fkvmstfidofÿk. Hd tmkgmkofd hd ldrodk hds ldtmlätfod ldtmlätfods, s, hd nìsfod, hd nfh`s`nìd, h`s mstugf`s lìstfo`s. Jdy qum `ahfidrh` d mktrdr mk hd vfgd, pumst` qum mh kólmr` 9 prmnfmrm p`kmrsm mk mh huidr gmh qum k` vfvm, pmr` `asmrvd hd vfgd gm h`s `tr`s d trdvæs gmh `c` gm ukd omrrdgurd. :. Mk`rlm odpdofgdg gm mkmriìd lmktdh. Mk mstm Uhdk` daukgdk F`s irdkgms vfgmktms y pmromptfv`s, dsì o`l` tdlafæk smrms pmrvmrs`sy dhtdlmktm dirmsfv`s. 6. _f hhmidk d o`lprmkgmr mk quæ huidr gm hd mv`huofÿk mstäk sftudg`s y domptdk o`k dirdg` mstd ofroukstdkofd, pumgmk l`strdr dh lukg` t`gd su imkfdhfgdg. Mk h`s UL : y 6 s`hml`s mko`ktrdr psfoÿtfo`s, dgfot`s y msqufz`nræk msqufz`nrækfo`s. fo`s.

Uhdk` Uhdk ` NF_FO@ NF_FO@ °Tuæ °T uæ ms h` qum lm ndhtd p`r dprmkgmr0

Mh Uhdk` Nìsfo` ms dqumh g`kgm sm o`ksfgmrd. t`g` h` rmnmrmktm d hd n`rld mk qum sm dotfvdk hds doof`kms gm hd pmrs`kd d trdvæs gm hd mstruoturd nìsfod gm su oumrp` juldk`. Fkv`huord h`s o`lp`rtdlfmkt`s, hds s`ldtfzdof`kms, hds rmhdof`kms o`rp`rdhms, hds mknmrlmgdgms, mto. Dquì rmvfsdl`s hd prdotfofgdg, n`rld gm ldtmrfdhfzdr hds o`sds, sf hd pmrs`kd tfmkm luoj`s kólmr`s mk mstm phdk`, smrä gfsofphfkdg`, `rfmktdg` d rmsuhtdg`s, mo`kÿlfo`, y i`amrkdg` p`r mh sfstmld y mh `rgmk. Umrs`kds o`k ldy`rìd gm kólmr`s gmh Uhdk` Nìsfo`3 . _`k pmrs`kds gm irdk rmsfstmkofd nìsfod, trdadcdg`rms, o`kstruotfv`s, pr`dotfv`s. . Ms gfsofphfkdg`, mkn`odg`, `rfmktdg` d rmsuhtdg`s y h`ir`s . Urmnfmrm h`s jmoj`s dktms gm o`knfdr mk su fldifkdofÿk m fgmds

 

Uäifkd 9? gm 96 

Qmprmsmktd dh o`kstruot`r, dh trdadcdg`r y dh mo`k`lfstd. . U`o`s kólmr`s nìsfo`s pumgm fkgfodr ndhtd gm o`ktfkufgdg y prdotfofgdg _f ndhtdk kólmr`s nìsfo`s rmprmsmktd ukd sdhug gmhfodgd, ndhtd gm vftdhfgdg. V sm jdy daukgdkofd, qufmrm gmofr qum hd pmrs`kd sm rmoupmrdrä pr`kt` gm hds mknmrlmgdgms. O@QQM_U@KGMKOFD MKWQM UN V _]_ _FIKFNFODG@_ UN _fikfnfodg` 5. Wmkgmkofd d hd dut`gmstruoofÿk. Æstm ms uk vdh`r pdrd mh UN qum fkgfod qum sm rmqufmrm prmstdr luojd dtmkofÿk d hd ndz fkluk`hÿifod. 4. W`g` h` qum `ourrd mk mh lukg` qum h` r`gmd, h` vm mk nukofÿk gm sì lfsl` y h` dkdhfzd smiók su pr`pfd o`kvmkfmkofd. Mstä i`amrkdg` p`r mh mi`. O`k ukd pmrs`kd dsì, ms gfnìofh fktmrodlafdr `pfkf`kms. 1. Wmkgmkofd d hd fknfgmhfgdg. fknfgmhfgd g. Gfsiust` pmrldkmktm o`k su pr`pfd mstruoturd o`rp`rdh. Jfp`o`kgrìdo`. ?. Gfspmrsd irdk odktfgdg gm mkmriìd. _m mktm pmrldkmktmlmktm odksdg` d rdìz gm su gmsidstm mxomsfv`, h` oudh pumgm rmpmroutfr smrfdlmktm mk su sdhug. 7. U`r h` imkmrdh ms uk Uhdk` numrtm y sdk`. _mrhd o`kvmkfmktm qum pugfmrd l`strdr läs su oumrp`, pumst` qum hd tmkgmkofd ms hd gm tdpdrh`, `ouhtdrh`. =. Hm iustd l`strdrsm. l`strdrsm. Hm iustd mxjfafrsm2 o`lmtm mxoms`s mk t`g`s h`s dspmot`s (o`lfgd, amafgd, smx`, frd, mto.). Ms o`kvmkfmktm dohdrdr qum, oudkg` sm jdahd gm mxoms`s, k`s rmnmrfl`s tdkt` d «o`lmr t`g`² o`l` d k` «o`lmr das`hutdlmktm kdgd², pumst` qum h`s g`s mxtrml`s s`k pmrcugfofdhms. >. H`s läs jfp`o`kgrìdo`s. Wfmkgmk d mknmrldrsm, mxfstfmkg` ofmrtd o`kk`tdofÿk gmprmsfvd gmprmsfvd qum vumhvdk mk mh nìsfo`.

 

Uäifkd 97 gm 96 

9. Ms mh irdk gmprmsfv` o`k hds o`ksmoumkofds qum mst` pumgm trdmr d uk UN Wdkt` mk mh UN > o`l` mk mh 9, mko`ktrdl`s uk dht` p`romktdcm gm mknmrl`s odrgìdo`s. :. ^umhod hd dirmsfÿk d su oumrp`. Irdk tmkgmkofd d h`s i`hpms, odìgds, hdstfldgurds, o`rtms y `pmrdof`kms, tdkt` gm ofruiìd lmk`r o`l` gm ofruiìd ldy`r. 6. _f k` sm kfvmhd gmsgm h` rdof`kdh pumgm hhmidr d vfardr pm`r qum mh UN =, o`k-ukd tmkgmkofd d h`s mxoms`s, läs p`tmktm y gmvdstdg`rd. Gmamrä odkdhfzdr msd numrzd lmgfdktm h`s mstugf`s y mh ormoflfmkt` fktmrk`.

Uhdk` Ml`o Ml `of` f`kdh kdh (UMl) 1,? 1,?V V> °Tuæ °T uæ ms h` qum lm ndhtd p`r dprmkgmr0

Dquì mk mh Uhdk` Ml`of`kdh sm lumstrd t`g` h` rmnmrmktm d hd n`rld mk qum hd pmrs`kd odkdhfzd su mstdafhfgdg ml`of`kdh. Mh phdk` ml`tfv`, ms i`amrkdg` p`r hds ml`of`kms y smktflfmkt`s. Hd pmrs`kd ms läs o`rdzÿk qum lmktm. Ms' o`lpdsfv`, smktflmktdh, y mh dl`r, mh dnmot` i`afmrkdk hd rdzÿk y hd hÿifod. Wfmkmk irdk fldifkdofÿk, s`k drtìstfo`s y ormdg`rms, läs mk fgmds qum mk jmoj`s o`kormt`s. Umrs`kds o`k ldy`rìd gm kólmr`s gmh Uhdk` Ml`tfv`3 _`k pmrs`kds o`lpdsfvds y smktflmktdhms, läs o`rdzÿk qum lmktm. . Mh dl`r y mh dnmot` i`afmrkdk hd rdzÿk y hd hÿifod Wfmkmk irdk fldifkdofÿk, s`k drtìstfo`s y ormdtfv`s _m das`ramk mk fgmds läs qum mk jmoj`s ldtmrfdhms U`o`s kólmr`s ml`tfv`s, gfomk gm ukd pmrs`kd qum ms gfnìofh gm o`lukfodr sus smktflfmkt`s,gmk`tdk ukd numrtm smksfafhfgdg. O@QQM_U@KGMKOFD MKWQM UMl V _]_ _FIKFNFODG@_ UMl

_fikfnfodg`

 

Uäifkd 9= gm 96 

5. Irdvm flp`sfafhfgdg flp`sfaf hfgdg pdrd rmhdof`kdrsm rmhdof`kdrs m dnmotfvdlmktm. Gfsnukof`kms ml`of`kdhms ml`of`kdhms qum hhmvdk d pr`ahmlätfods psìqufods. 4. K` gmlumstrd sus ml`of`kms2 mxfim gmh `tr` h` qum æh kmomsftd3 «8Wm dl` s`hdlmktm sf oulphms o`k lf mxpmotdtfvd ml`of`kdh². U`r h` imkmrdh, ms luy gfnìofh o`ksmiufr mqufhfardg` fktmrodlaf` ml`of`kdh o`k mstm phdk`. 1. K` pumgm t`ldr gmofsf`kms. Oudkg` hds t`ld, gugd gm jdamr jmoj` h` o`rrmot`. Hm oumstd mh fktmrodlaf`. Ml`of`kdh gmsgm hd mktrmid, pumst` qum sfmlprm h` douofd hd fkomrtfgularm. K` h`ird vfvfr gmktr` gm uk mqufhfarf` ml`of`kdh. Hm oumstd smr nfmh, ?. pumst` qum pdrd æh hd l`tfvdofÿk sm adsd mk mh gmsouarflfmkt` gmsouarflfmkt ` y hd o`kqufstd. 7. Kmomsftd mxprmsdr sus ml`of`kms o`k mqufhfarf`2 mqufhfarf` 2 qum kdgd sdhid gm hd rutfkd. Hd tmkgmkofd ms d mstdahmomr pdutds gm rmhdofÿk nfcds qum arfkgmk smiurfgdg y `rgmk. Mk mstm Uhdk` gfnìofhlmktm sm mko`ktrdrä d ukd pmrs`kd gml`strdtfvd, pmr` sì d dhiufmk mstdahm y o`ksmoumktm mk =. H` l`vfhfzdk mh rfmsi`, hd dvmkturd, mh pmhfir`, h`s mxoms`s. H` mkodkgfhdk mh tdhmkt`, hd ormdtfvfgdg, h` kumv`. ^fvm sus ml`of`kms o`k das`hutd fktmksfgdg. >. U`km su ml`ofÿk mk mh smrvfof` dh @tr`. U` U`rr h` imkmrdh, mst`s mst`s Uhdk`s prmofsdk uk j`idr oähfg`, amhh` y drl`kf`s`. Kmomsftdk hd ndlfhfd/ h`s dnmot`s. Oudkg` mst` k` sm h`ird, sm gmsmqufhfardk y dpdrmomk o`kguotds gmstruotfv gmstruotfvds. ds. 9. Hm oumstd n`rlds gmofsf`kms mk nukofÿk gm su odrdotmrìstfod gmprmsfvd. _mrìd o`kvmkfmktm qum mstm Uhdk` o`lprmkgfmrd hd flp`rtdkofd gm ukd aumkd fktr`spmoofÿk qum hm pmrlftfmsm sdhfr d hd vfgd, rmk`vdg`, mk vmz gm gmcdrsm hhmvdr p`r hd lmhdko`hìd y hd gmprmsfÿk. :. Hm ms luy gfnìofh ldkmcdr sus lmodkfsl`s dirmsfv`s. U`r h` imkmrdh, dquì mko`ktrdl`s d h`s i`hpmdg`rms, d h`s qum dtmktdk o`ktrd hd fktmirfgdg gmh `tr`. Oudkg` k` pumgmk ldkfnmstdr jdofd dnumrd msd dirmsfÿk, hd vumhodk mk mhh`s lfsl`s, pr`oms` qum dodrrmd irdvms o`ksmoumkofds nìsfods ` psìqufods. 6. Mk ukd pmrs`kd o`ksofmktm gmh p`tmkofdh qum p`smm, msm o`rdzÿk mstdrä dafmrt` dh lukg`. _f mstä ldh dspmotdg`, sm vmrä

 

Uäifkd 9> gm 96 

o`kstdktmlmktm mkvumht` mk o`knhfot`s, sftudof`kms gm pmhfir`, pdrmcds t`rtu`sds y ndktdsìds fko`knmsdahms.

Uhdk` Mspfr Msp frftftudh udh (UM (UM)) 9 V6 V6 °Tuæ °T uæ ms h` qum lm ndhtd p`r dprmkgmr0 dprmkg mr0

Mh Uhdk` Ml`of`kdh Fktuftfv`, fkgfod qum mh sucmt` mstä läs mk mh kfvmh mspfrftudh qum mh nìsfo`. _us doof`kms smräk iufdgds p`r hd sdafgurìd, läs qum o`k hd numrzd. Wfmkm o`k`oflfmkt` Fktmrf`r, sm dp`yd mk h` mspfrftudh pdrd mktmkgmr h`s `tr`s phdk`s. Fktuym h`s smktflfmkt`s gm h`s gmläs. Odpdofgdg pdrd hd hftmrdturd. Uumgm gdr ukd sdhug gmhfodgd. Umrs`kds o`k ldy`rìd gm kólmr`s gmh Uhdk` Mspfrftudh3 _us doof`kms sm adsdk mk hd fkvmstfidofÿk, hd o`lprmksfÿk y hd sdafgurìd, läs qum mk h`s gur`s jmoj`s. _m iuìdk p`r mh o`k`oflfmkt` fktmrf`r y sm dp`ydk mk h` mspfrftudh pdrd `rgmkdr h`s gmläs phdk`s. Wfmkmk odpdofgdg gm irdk dkähfsfs m fktufofÿk gm h`s smktflfmkt`s gm h`s gmläs. Fkgfodk odpdofgdg mk hftmrdturd, rmhfifÿk, fkvmkt`s, pr`nmoìds, gmsouarflfmkt`s, pmr` k` mk mh l`g` k`rldh gmh pmksdlfmkt` y doofÿk Ur`lumvm t`hmrdkofd, rmvmrmkofd, o`lpdsfÿk, amkmv`hmkofd, pr`nmoìd y iuìd fktmrf`r. O@QQM_U@KGHKOFD MKWQM UM V _]_ _FIKFNFODG@_ _fikfnfodg`

UM 5. Uumgm smr mk su ndz p`sftfvd, uk irdk rrmk`vdg`r. mk`vdg`r. Mk su ndz kmidtfvd, uk kmidg` t`tdh. 4. ^fmkm d dprmkgmr t`g`, d gmsdrr`hhdr, o`l` gfsoìpuh`, su mspfrftudhfgdg. 1. Wfmkm o`k`oflfmkt`s ms`tærfo`s, hm oumstd gmnfkfrsm pdrd smiufr uk odlfk` mspfrftudh, pmr` sm kfvmhd y sm p`tmkofd oudkg` o`ksfium p`kmrsm dh hdg` gm uk ldmstr`.

 

Uäifkd 99 gm 96 

?. Kmomsfgdg gm fkvmstfidr gmktr` gm hd ldy`r odktfgdg p`sfahm gm tmkgmkofds mspfrftudhms ` rmhfif`sds. Mspìrftu mk aósqumgd fkomsdktm. _f sm h` pr`p`km, pumgm hhmidr d uk o`k`oflfmkt` supmrf`r. 7. Wmkgmkofd d smiufr hd trdgfofÿk rmhfif`sd ndlfhfdr. Wml`r, dktm t`g` o`k`oflfmkt` qum dlmkdom o`k r`lpmr su `rgmkdgd mstruoturd. =. Ausod imkmrdr odlaf`s rmv`huof`kdrf`s gmktr` gmh pmksdlfmkt` mspfrftudh, fkvmstfidkg`, gmsouarfmkg` y dp`rtdkg` mk n`rld ormdtfvd sus o`k`oflfmkt`s. >. Dquì, mh smrvfr dh `tr` sm p`tmkofd y pumgm hhmidr d o`kvmrtfrsm mk uk `acmtfv` trdsomkgmktm gm vfgd. 9. Jdahd gm dqumh qum yd trdm, irdofds d mxpmrfmkofds mxpmrfmkofd s mk sus vfgds dktmrf`rms, ukd flp`rtdktm mv`huofÿk gmktr` gmh o`k`oflfmkt` lìstfo`, mh oudh gmamrä rmn`rzdr pdrd p`gmr p`kmrh` mk präotfod. :. Jdahd gm dqumh qum yd trdm p`r mxpmrfmkofds mxpmrfmkof ds mk vfgds vfgds dktmrf`rms, ukd flp`rtdktm mv`huofÿk gmh o`k`oflfmkt` ms`tærfo`, mh oudh gmamrä rmn`rzdr pdrd p`gmr p`kmrh` mk präotfod. 6. Flp`rtdktm o`kmxfÿk o`k «h` supmrf`r². Jdahd gm jdamr dhodkzdg` mk `trds vfgds hd o`lprmsfÿk y hd dphfodofÿk gm hd «dhtd mspfrftudhfgdg², o`k hd mxfimkofd gm rmo`rgdrh` y p`kmrh` mk präotfod mk mh dquì y mk mh dj`rd.

Uäifkd 9: gm 96 

 

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Uäifkd 96 gm 96 

Ufmgdg Udtrfofd Qf`s W`aÿk Mqufhfarf` ^ftdh Wmrdpfds J`hìstfods NO/FK_WDIQDL3 Emqufhfarf`vftdh1515 Emqufhfarf`vftdh1515 YjdtsDpp3 +=7644=4=75:4? www.mqufhfarf`vftdh.`ri

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HD_ 7 HMVM_ GM HD M_UFQFW]DHFGDG 4.  Hd pmrs`kd qum hhmid ms hd pmrs`kd o`rrmotd. 1.  H` qum suomgm ms hd ókfod o`sd qum p`gfd jdamr suomgfg`. ?.  Mk oudhqufmr l`lmkt` qum o`lfmkoms, ms mh l`lmkt` o`rrmot`. 7.  Oudkg` dhi` tmrlfkd2 tmrlfkd.