Manual Usuario Intergraph TANK 2014

TANK

User's Guide

Version 2014 (6.0)

December 2013 DICAS-PE-200107E

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TANK User's Guide

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TANK User's Guide

Contents What's New in TANK 2014 .......................................................................................................................... 9 Introduction ................................................................................................................................................ 11 Program Capabilities ............................................................................................................................. 11 TANK Input............................................................................................................................................ 13 TANK Interface ........................................................................................................................................... 15 File Tab ................................................................................................................................................. 16 Home Tab ............................................................................................................................................. 17 File Panel ........................................................................................................................................ 18 Edit Panel ....................................................................................................................................... 18 Title Page Panel ............................................................................................................................. 19 Input Panel ..................................................................................................................................... 19 Scratchpad Panel ........................................................................................................................... 61 Analyze Panel ................................................................................................................................. 65 Units Panel ..................................................................................................................................... 65 2D Plot Panel .................................................................................................................................. 66 Tools Tab .............................................................................................................................................. 67 Configuration .................................................................................................................................. 69 Make Unit ....................................................................................................................................... 75 Material Database Editor ................................................................................................................ 76 Diagnostics Tab .................................................................................................................................... 83 CRC Check ..................................................................................................................................... 83 Program Scanner ........................................................................................................................... 84 Error Review ................................................................................................................................... 85 ESL Tab ................................................................................................................................................ 85 Access Registry Details through the ESL....................................................................................... 87 Help Tab................................................................................................................................................ 88 Build a Tank Vessel ................................................................................................................................... 91 Input Data.............................................................................................................................................. 92 Starting TANK ................................................................................................................................. 92 Define the Tank Data...................................................................................................................... 92 Define the Shell Courses ................................................................................................................ 93 Define the Roof Specifications ....................................................................................................... 94 Check the Input for Errors ..................................................................................................................... 95 Complete the Error Check Phase ................................................................................................... 96 Analyze the Tank .................................................................................................................................. 97 TANK Program Files....................................................................................................................... 98 Solution Overview........................................................................................................................... 99 Generate Output Reports .................................................................................................................... 101 Use the Output Processor ............................................................................................................ 102 Report List Tab ............................................................................................................................. 104 Options Tab .................................................................................................................................. 114

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Contents View the Graphics Output ................................................................................................................... 115 3D View ........................................................................................................................................ 115 2D View ........................................................................................................................................ 118 Examples .................................................................................................................................................. 125 Example Problem APP_K ................................................................................................................... 125 Example Problem O_WC .................................................................................................................... 125 Example Problem A_WC .................................................................................................................... 125 Example Problem KOCZWARA .......................................................................................................... 126 Example Problem B&Y ....................................................................................................................... 126 Example Problem SSTEST1............................................................................................................... 126 Example Problem TEST1 ................................................................................................................... 126 Example Problem SSC1 ..................................................................................................................... 126 Example Problem APP_P ................................................................................................................... 126 Example Problem EXTERN01 ............................................................................................................ 126 Example Problem SEIS01 .................................................................................................................. 126 Appendix A - Program File List .............................................................................................................. 127 Main Set .............................................................................................................................................. 127 Help & Error Processing Set ............................................................................................................... 128 English Text Set .................................................................................................................................. 128 API Data Set ....................................................................................................................................... 128 Examples Data Set ............................................................................................................................. 129 Appendix B - Standard Units Systems .................................................................................................. 131 Appendix C - List of Materials ................................................................................................................ 133 * ASTM Standards .............................................................................................................................. 134 * CSA Standards ................................................................................................................................. 134 * National Standards ........................................................................................................................... 134 * ISO 630 ............................................................................................................................................. 135 * Stainless Steels (Temperature Dependent) ..................................................................................... 135 * Duplex Stainless Steels (Temperature Dependent) ......................................................................... 135 * Unknown For API-653 ...................................................................................................................... 135 Appendix D - Default Configuration Directives .................................................................................... 137 Appendix E - Selected References ........................................................................................................ 139 Appendix F - Revision History ............................................................................................................... 141 Version 5.00 Changes (4/13) .............................................................................................................. 141 Version 4.00 Changes (3/12) .............................................................................................................. 142 Version 3.30 Changes (9/10) .............................................................................................................. 142 Version 3.20 Changes (9/09) .............................................................................................................. 142 Version 3.10 Changes (9/08) .............................................................................................................. 142 Version 3.00 Changes (11/07) ............................................................................................................ 143 Version 2.55 Changes (10/05) ............................................................................................................ 143 Version 2.50 Changes (3/04) .............................................................................................................. 143 Version 2.40 Changes (7/02) .............................................................................................................. 143 Version 2.30 Changes (2/02) .............................................................................................................. 144

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TANK User's Guide

Contents Version 2.20 Changes (9/00) .............................................................................................................. 144 Version 2.10 Changes (5/00) .............................................................................................................. 144 Version 1.60 / 2.00 Changes (1/99) .................................................................................................... 144 Version 1.51 Changes (9/97) .............................................................................................................. 145 Version 1.50 Changes (5/97) .............................................................................................................. 145 Version 1.40 Changes (9/96) .............................................................................................................. 146 Version 1.31 Changes (2/96) .............................................................................................................. 146 Version 1.30 Changes (8/95) .............................................................................................................. 147 Version 1.20 Changes (11/94) ............................................................................................................ 147 Version 1.10 Changes (6/94) .............................................................................................................. 148 Index ......................................................................................................................................................... 149

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Contents

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TANK User's Guide

What's New in TANK 2014 The following changes have been made to TANK 2014: Version 2014 (6.0) 

Updated graphic model to include 3D View.



Updated the software to support API 650, 12th Edition (Errata, July 2013).



Updated the software to support API 2000, 6th Edition (November 2009).



Updated the software to support API 653, 4th Edition (November 2013).



Completed various UI updates.



Added a new Check for Update option for software updates.



Updated Supported Cone Roof Data to include a Structural Database input, which is separate from the tank-specified database input.



Revised the software to store the Reload Last File at Startup configuration setting in the registry settings.



Updated Help with information for all enhancements and previous software revisions.

For a complete TANK revision history, see Appendix F - Revision History (on page 141).

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What's New in TANK 2014

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TANK User's Guide

SECTION 1

Introduction TANK is a software tool for the design and analysis of large storage tanks using the API-650 and API-653 design codes. TANK incorporates interactive dialogs for user input, input validation to avoid run time errors, and extensive diagnostics to assist in problem resolution. This manual provides detailed instructions for the configuration and operation of the program. Additionally, cell-specific help for guidance and information can be launched by pressing F1. For installation information, refer to the TANK Installation Guide.

Program Capabilities TANK incorporates the major considerations of API-650 Section 5 and several of the Appendices. These include: 

Shell course thickness and fluid height computations according to either the variable point method or the one foot method.



Wind girder computations for the top and up to five intermediate girders.



Minimum metal temperature reporting.



Shell course thickness and fluid height computations according to Appendix A.



Seismic computations according to Appendix E.



Internal pressure considerations according to Appendix F.



Grillage computations according to Appendix I.



Material modifications due to temperature according to Appendix M.



Cycle Life computations according to Appendix M.

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Introduction 

Nozzle flexibilities and limiting loads according to Appendix P, including the limiting load interaction diagrams.



Stainless Steel considerations according to Appendix S.



External pressure computations according to Appendix V.



Duplex Stainless Steel considerations according to Appendix X.



An alternate nozzle stiffness calculation routine according to PVP-1279.



Tank sizing/costing scratch-pad.



A Material Database editor.

TANK also incorporates the following considerations from API-653: 

Material modifications according to Section 2.3.



Shell Settlement evaluation according to Appendix B.



Retiring thicknesses and remaining corrosion allowance.



Corroded hydrotest case



Shell thickness evaluations using individual joint efficiencies and “L” locations



Bottom Plate minimum thickness determinations



Hydrotest heights

TANK can also design or analyze a supported cone roof according to the procedures outlined in Brownell & Young. TANK also incorporates venting computations from API-2000. TANK relies extensively on data specified in the API codes. This includes the material data from Table 5.2, and digitized data from Appendix P. Other data tables have also been incorporated into the program where necessary. Every effort is made to insure that TANK is up to date with the current codes.

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TANK User's Guide

Introduction

TANK Input The first step in the design or analysis of a tank is to generate an input file, which describes the characteristics of the tank. Each tank requires an input file with a unique job name for each configuration to be studied. All of the tank particulars and descriptive information are stored in this input file. The input file name consists of the job name as the prefix, followed by a .TKI extension. Start the input process by selecting File > New or File > Open (and browsing to select an existing TANK file) and then choosing any option from the Input panel.

TANK separates the input data into logical categories. Each category addresses a specific code requirement on design task. You must enter tank input data using the General Tank Data command to save the tank input file. For more information on tank input data commands, see the Input Panel section in the TANK User's Guide. As with most software programs, there is an option to save the current state of the input data to a file. With TANK, you can save the input by using File > Save, or by clicking Save . Save your input frequently during any extended editing session. When you begin an analysis the software also saves the data automatically, but it is always best to save the data yourself too. When you are finished defining the input for your vessel, use the Analyze panel to verify and/or analyze the job. For more information, review the other TANK commands in the TANK User's Guide, and then see Build a Tank Vessel (on page 91).

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Introduction

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TANK User's Guide

SECTION 2

TANK Interface The main TANK window has a quick access toolbar in the top left corner (indicated with a red 1 in the picture below), which you can customize with the commands that you use the most. Directly below the quick access toolbar is a series of ribbons (indicated by the red 2) and panels. Each ribbon tab contains different panels related to that ribbon. For example, on the Home Tab (on page 17), you can complete commands related to files (on File Panel (on page 18), shown with a red 3), perform edits to tank data (on the Edit Panel (on page 18) shown with a red 4), specify title information for the job (on the Title Page Panel (on page 19)), input tank data (on the Input Panel (on page 19)), and more.

The TANK panel commands primarily relate to input options, along with some commands for output review (both text and graphics). The other TANK tabs include commands for software tools, diagnostic utilities (such as the Material Database Editor), ESL review, and help options.

In This Section File Tab .......................................................................................... 16 Home Tab ...................................................................................... 17 Tools Tab ....................................................................................... 66 Diagnostics Tab ............................................................................. 83 ESL Tab ......................................................................................... 85 Help Tab ........................................................................................ 88

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TANK Interface

File Tab Controls general operations of TANK files.

The File tab contains the following commands: Open - Opens an existing TANK (.tki) file. Recent - Displays recently-opened files and folder. Select a file to open. Save - Saves the open .tki file. Save As - Saves the open .tki file with a new name. Print Setup - Selects a printer and printer options. Preview/Print - Previews and prints the graphics in the open file. Help - Displays help, getting started, contact information, and version number for TANK. System Folder - Opens the System folder in Windows Explorer. Exit - Closes the software.

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TANK User's Guide

TANK Interface

Home Tab Displays the most commonly-used commands in TANK. The software displays with the Home tab active by default.

The Home tab contains the following panels: Panel

Description

File

Provides file management commands, such as Open, Save, and Print. For more information, see File Panel (on page 18).

Edit

Provides commands for basic editing tasks in TANK. For more information, see Edit Panel (on page 18).

Title Page

Provides commands that let you add descriptive information about the tank to your job. For more information, see Title Page Panel (on page 19).

Input

Provides commands to add input data to a tank. For more information, see Input Panel (on page 19).

Scratchpad

Provides scratchpads for your tank, where you can compute data that you later enter in the tank input boxes. For more information, see Scratchpad Panel (on page 61).

Analyze

Provides commands for analyzing the tank. For more information, see Analyze Panel (on page 65).

Units

Provides commands for changing units used in the tank job. For more information, see Units Panel (on page 65).

2D Plot

Provides commands for plotting out various tank details using the graphics processor in 2D View. For more information, see 2D Plot Panel (on page 66) and View the Graphics Output (on page 115).

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TANK Interface

File Panel The Home > File panel consists of the standard program options for creating new TANK jobs, opening existing jobs, and saving jobs.

The commands associated with this panel include: New - Creates a new TANK (.tki) file. Open - Opens an existing TANK file. Save - Saves the TANK file. System Folder - Opens the system folder for TANK. Log files, report header information, and other software information is saved in this folder.

Edit Panel The Home > Edit panel includes commands that let you perform common editing tasks to your tank data.

The commands associated with this panel include: Cut - Cuts selected elements from the document and pastes them to the Clipboard. The selected elements replace the previous contents of the Clipboard. Copy - Copies selected elements to the Clipboard. The selected elements replace the previous contents of the Clipboard. Paste - Inserts the Clipboard contents into the file. The command is not available if the Clipboard is empty.

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TANK User's Guide

TANK Interface

Title Page Panel The Home > Title Page panel provides commands that let you describe the tank being studied.

The commands associated with this panel include: Title Page - Displays the Title Page dialog box. Enter a text description. Use of this dialog box is optional, but is highly recommended. Default Title Page - Restores the default title page, located in the file TITLE.HED. The title page can contain 60 lines of 75 characters. You can scroll down to view any additional lines. Use standard editing functions to enter information in this dialog box. The following shows an example of a title page file.

Input Panel The Home > Input panel contains all of the input commands necessary to define a TANK job. Each command defines a type of data.

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TANK Interface The commands associated with this panel include: General Tank Data - Opens the General Tank Data dialog box. Data must be provided on this dialog box for every tank analyzed. This information consists of the diameter, the number of courses, the course height, course thickness, course material, fluid depth, fluid specific gravity, temperature, pressure, external loads, and the needed code. For more information, see General Tank Data (on page 21). Seismic Data Specifications - Opens the Seismic Data Specifications dialog box, where you can describe the seismic parameters associated with the tank location. The computations that use this data are found in API-650 Appendix E. This is dialog box is an optional input, depending on the tank. For more information, see Seismic Data Specifications (on page 33). Nozzle Stiffness - Opens the Nozzle Stiffness dialog box, which allows you to specify up to fifteen low nozzles on the tank. The computations that use this data are found in API-650 Appendix P. This dialog box is an optional input, depending on the tank. For more information, see Nozzle Stiffnesses (on page 35). External Pressure - Opens the Appendix V External Pressure dialog box, where you can enter data that determines the external pressure capacity of the tank. For more information, see External Pressure (on page 38). Inspection Data - Opens the API-653 Service Measurement Data dialog box. For more information, see Inspection Data (on page 39). Roof Specification - Opens the Roof Specification Parameters dialog box, where you can enter roof descriptive parameters. The computations that use this data are found in API-650 Appendix F and in the text by Brownell & Young. This dialog box is an optional input, depending on the tank. For more information, see Roof Specifications (on page 42). Grillage Review - Opens the Grillage Review dialog box, where you can specify the grillage parameters. The specifics of this computation are found in API-650 Appendix I, Section I.7. This dialog box is an optional input, depending on the tank. For more information, see Grillage Review (on page 56). Cycle Life - Opens the Appendix M Cycle Life Data specification used in the procedures outlined in API-650 Appendix M to determine the allowed number of “fill-empty” cycles the tank can undergo without a detailed stress analysis. This dialog is an optional input, depending on the tank. For more information, see Cycle Life (on page 57). Shell Settlement - Opens the Shell Settlement Data dialog box used in the procedures outlined in API-653 Appendix B to determine the maximum and allowed out-of-plane settlement of the tank shell. This dialog box is an optional input, depending on the tank. For more information, see Shell Settlement (on page 58). Venting Requirements - Opens the API-2000 Venting Data dialog box used to determine the necessary venting for in-breathing, out-breathing, and fire. For more information, see Venting Requirements (on page 59).

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TANK User's Guide

TANK Interface

General Tank Data The General Tank Data dialog box (accessed by selecting Home>Input > General Tank Data ) lets you define details about the basic characteristics of the tank. 

The Tank Data tab specifies the overall characteristics of the tank. For each input cell, a descriptive comment defines the expected input. Where applicable, the expected units display to the right of the input cell. For more information, see Tank Data Tab (on page 22).



The Shell Courses tab displays a grid where the height, thickness, corrosion allowance, material name, material design stress, and material test stress can be specified for each shell course. The material and its properties specified on this tab are used as default values for all of the shell courses. You can use the options on this tab to change the material, if necessary, on a course-by-course basis. For more information, see Shell Courses Tab (on page 27).



The Wind Details tab defines detailed wind parameters specific to ASCE #7. If these times are not defined, TANK uses the recommended API 650 defaults. For more information, see Wind Details Tab (on page 29).



The Anchor Bolt and Gusset Details tab defines the data necessary for the software to design anchorage, if necessary. API-650 Section 5.12 defines a number of different cases which must be evaluated (depending on the tank), and may result in the design of required anchorage. For more information, see Anchor Bolt and Gusset Details Tab (on page 29).

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TANK Interface Tank Data Tab The Tank Data tab specifies the overall characteristics of the tank. For each input cell, a descriptive comment defines the expected input. Where applicable, the expected units display to the right of the input cell. API Design Code - Defines whether API-650 or API-653 rules are applied to the current job file. Select the entry from the list. API-650 is intended for the design of new tanks and can be implemented in either design or analysis modes. Because API-653 is intended for the analysis of existing tanks, it can only be used in analysis mode. Design Method - Specifies the preferred method of evaluating the shell course thickness requirements. You can choose: Variable Point, One Foot, or Appendix A. The Design Method also determines which method is used to compute the allowed fluid heights. Run Objective - Specifies whether the software should analyze the tank based on your input, or design the necessary parameters to satisfy the API code. The setting of this option affects all computations following the shell course thickness evaluation, as described below: 

If you select Design, subsequent calculations for wind girders, seismic, and internal pressure use the larger of the design or test thicknesses.



If you select Analyze, subsequent calculations use the user-specified course thicknesses. The computed thicknesses for the design and test cases are reported for information purposes only. A message is included in the output report when Analyze is selected.

Design Temperature - Defines the design temperature in the indicated units. API-650 limits the design temperature to 200° F / 93° C. If the design temperature exceeds this limit but is less than 500° F / 260° C, then the rules of Appendix M are applied. Design temperatures in excess of 500° F / 352° C cause a fatal error. If the value of the design temperature is changed, the software automatically implements a routine to interpolate the data from API-650 Table P-1. The resulting values of modulus and expansion coefficient are inserted into the Nozzle dialog box. Design Pressure at Top - Defines the design pressure in the indicated units. API-650, Appendix F, limits the design pressure to 2.5 psi / 17.2 kPa. Tank Nominal Diameter [D] - Defines the diameter of the tank. According to API-650, the software assumes the tank diameter is the centerline diameter of the bottom shell course plates. Tank Shell Height [HTK] - Defines the total height of the tank shell. This value should be the sum of the individual course heights, and is used in the wind load computations. Design Liquid Level [H] - Defines the height of the design liquid level. This is the height from the tank bottom to the top of the shell, or to the bottom of any overflow device. Liquid Specific Gravity [G] - Defines the specific gravity of the fluid. This value is used only in the Design case. The software automatically uses a specific gravity of 1.0 for the Hydrotest case.

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TANK User's Guide

TANK Interface Weight of Attachments/Structures - Defines the total weight of the attachments and structures on the roof and shell which should be considered to resist uplift and in the maximum allowed pressure computation. Distance Down to Top Wind Girder - Defines the distance from the top of the tank shell to the location of the top wind girder. 

If the top wind girder is at the top of the shell, type 0.



If the top wind girder is below the top of the tank, such as for a walk-way, type the actual distance.

Joint Efficiency (App A or 653 [E] - According to Appendix A.3.4, the joint efficiency should be either 0.85 or 0.70. API-653 Section 2.3.3 also uses this value of joint efficiency. No other computations use this value, so the default of 1.0 can be left alone for variable point and one foot API-650 calculations. API-653 2nd Edition provides Table 2-1 for weld joint efficiencies if the original E value is unknown. This table is reproduced as follows: Standard

Edition & Year

Joint Type

Joint Efficiency E

Applicability or Limits

API-650

7th & Later

Butt

1.00

Basic Standard

(1980-Present)

Butt

0.85

Appendix A - Spot RT

Butt

0.70

Appendix A - No RT

1st - 6th

Butt

0.85

Basic Standard

(1961-1978)

Butt

1.00

Appendices D&G

14th & 15th (1957-1958)

Butt

0.85

3rd-13th (1940-1956)

Lap (a)

0.75

Butt (c)

0.85

Lap (a)

0.70

7/16 inch max t

Lap (b)

0.50 + k/5

1/4 inch max t

Butt (c)

0.85

Lap (a)

0.70

7/16 inch max t

Lap (b)

0.50 + k/5

1/4 inch max t

Butt (c)

0.85

Lap (d)

0.35

API-12C

1st & 2nd (1936-1939)

Unknown

TANK User's Guide

3/8 inch max t

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TANK Interface

(a)

Full double lap welded.

(b)

Full fillet weld with at least 25% intermittent full fillet opposite side: k = percent of intermittent weld expressed in decimal form.

(c)

Single butt-welded joints with a back-up bar were permitted from the years of 1936 to 1940 and 1948 to 1954.

(d)

Single lap welded only.

Wind Velocity - Defines the wind velocity acting on the tank. You should follow Section 5.9.7.1a. The standard is a 120 mile per hour (53.6 m/sec) wind but may be increased to account for additional tank height, wind gust, internal pressure, or open-top tanks. Several configuration settings control how the wind pressure is computed and applied to the tank. These configuration settings are as follows: 

Roof Projection in Wind Moment - Turns on and off wind loads on the roof.



10% Plus 5psf in Wind Moment - Defines the basic wind moment definition according to Section 5.9.7.



Section 5.11 Wind Pressure - Defines the wind pressure to be used for Section 5.11 stability.

Pressure Ratio [Fp] - Defines the ratio of the normal operating pressure to the design pressure. The value of Fp is used in Appendix R and Section 5.11 of the API 650 Code. The minimum value of Fp is 0.4. Values lower than 0.4 are automatically set to 0.4. The maximum value of Fp is 1.0. Values higher than 1 are automatically set to 1. If your tank has zero internal design pressure, enter a value of 0.4 for Fp. Default Shell Course Material - Defines the default material name for all individual shell courses. Click the down arrow on the Default Shell Course Material box to view and change the shell course material properties. The material data specified here pertains to the entire tank. If the material varies over the shell courses, you must specify that on the Shell Courses Tab (on page 27).

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TANK User's Guide

TANK Interface Click to the right of the box to display the Material Selection dialog box (shown below), from which you can select any valid material from the active database. Click Tools > Configuration > Database Definitions (on page 73) to select or change the active material database file.

Number of Shell Courses - Defines the number of shell courses in the tank. Use this box to check the shell course input and control the shell course generation, if necessary. Insulation Thickness - Defines the thickness of the insulation on the tank shell. The insulation is assumed to extend from the bottom of course #1 to the top of the last (top) course. Insulation Density - Defines the density of the tank insulation. Plate Length - Defines the length of the plate for the tank. The software uses this input for the 3D plot only. Course Offset - Defines the offset distance of the weld between the plates. The software uses this input for the 3D plot only.

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25

TANK Interface The following graphic explains the course offset in relation to the plate length.

Include Annular Base Plate Details - Defines whether the tank has an annular base ring. If the tank does not have an annular base ring, do not select this check box. Include Wind Moment in Appendix F.4.2 Calculations - Defines whether a wind moment term is included. As of API-650 9th Edition, the equation for the maximum allowed pressure in Section F.4.2 includes a wind moment term. A later code interpretation makes the use of this wind moment term optional. To include the wind moment term, select this check box. Clear this check box to ignore the wind moment term (as in the 8th Edition). Entire shell course evaluation - Defines whether the shell thickness calculation is for the entire shell course according to API-653 Section 4.3.3.1. This selection uses equation 4.3.3.1.a, which deducts one foot from the fluid height. 

This deduction only occurs if the one-foot method is in use.



The software only displays this box when you select 653 in the API Design Code box at the top of the Tank Data tab.

Local area of shell only - Specifies whether the shell thickness calculation is for a local area of the shell course, according to API-653 Section 4.3.3.1. This selection uses equation 4.3.3.1.b, which does not deduct one foot from the fluid height. The software only displays this box when you select 653 in the API Design Code box at the top of the Tank Data tab.

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TANK User's Guide

TANK Interface Shell Courses Tab The material and its properties specified on the Shell Courses tab are used as default values for all of the shell courses. You can use the options on this tab to change the material, if necessary, on a course-by-course basis. The Shell Courses tab displays a grid where the height, thickness, corrosion allowance, material name, material design stress, and material test stress can be specified for each shell course.



The design and test stress values for the specified material are normally acquired from the Material Database. Initially, all courses acquire the same material, as specified on the Tank Data tab. However, as necessary, specific shell courses may be assigned a different material, or the material for specific courses may be manually modified by the user.



For carbon steels from Table 3-2, the software fills in the Sd and St values. For stainless steels, the value used for Sd is unknown until run-time. Therefore, for stainless materials, the allowable versus temperature table displays in the right-most grid columns of this dialog. For stainless materials, the value of Sd (on this dialog) is shown as zero. The actual value used in the calculations is reported in the output.

Height - Defines the height for the current shell course in the specified units. The sum of all shell course heights should equal the tank shell height entered previously. 

If it is constant, the shell course height does not need to be specified for any course after the first course.



If this cell is left blank, the software duplicates the shell course height to all required courses.

Thickness - Specifies the thickness for the current shell course. If the purpose of this job is to design the shell course thickness, then enter a good starting value (see API-650 5.6.1.1). If this cell is left blank for the first course, the software sets the thickness according to API-650 Table 5.6.1.1. 

If it is constant, the shell course height does not need to be specified for any course after the first course.



If this cell is left blank, the software duplicates the shell course height to all required courses.

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TANK Interface Corrosion Allowance - Defines the corrosion allowance to be considered in the thickness evaluations for shell course. 

If it is constant, the shell course height does not need to be specified for any course after the first course.



If this cell is left blank, the software duplicates the shell course height to all required courses.

Material - Displays the material name you selected for the shell course on the Tank Data tab. to the right of the box to To view the properties for the selected shell course material, click open the Material Properties dialog box.

You can edit the properties in the Material Properties dialog box, to override or modify the properties retrieved from the database for a particular tank. To change the shell course material specified in the Material box, clear the box and to the right of the blank box to open the Material Selection dialog press Enter. Then, click box, from which you can double-click to select a new material. Design Stress, Sd - Represents the allowable design stress, referred to as Sd in the API code. This value is automatically registered by the software if the material was selected from the database. If necessary, the value of design allowable stress obtained from the database may be overridden by typing in a different value. For stainless steels, this value is displayed as zero, since a temperature versus allowable table is used instead. Hydro Test Stress, St- Represents the allowable test stress, referred to as St in the API code. This value is automatically registered by the software if the material was selected from the database. If necessary, the value of test allowable stress obtained from the database may be overridden by typing in a different value.

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TANK User's Guide

TANK Interface SSD1 through SSD5 - Represents the allowable stress for a stainless steel according to API-650 Appendix S, Table S-2. These values are used during the computation phase of the solution to determine the actual Sd value. For stainless steels, these values are interpolated during the solution phase. For this reason, the value of Sd (at the left) is displayed as 0.

Wind Details Tab Provides options for defining detailed wind parameters specific to ASCE #7. If these values are not defined, TANK uses the recommended API 650 defaults.

Velocity pressure exposure coefficient (Kz) - Specifies the velocity pressure coefficient as defined by ASCE #7. If left blank, the value defaults to 1.04. Topographic Factor (Kzt) - Defines the wind speed up factor for hills. This value should be 1.0 (the default) except for those structures on isolated hills or escarpments. Wind Directionality Factor (Kd) - Defines the wind directionality factor. API 650 recommends a value of 0.95, the default for this option. Importance Factor (I) - Specifies the wind importance factor as defined by ASCE #7. If left blank, the value defaults to 1.0. Gust Effect Factor (Gh) - Specifies the wind gust factor as defined by ASCE #7. If left blank, the value defaults to 0.85. User defined Wind Pressure vs. Elevation - Defines whether you want to enter wind pressure and "To" Height (elevation) values. "To" Height -Defines the elevation. Pressure - Defines the pressure.

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TANK Interface Anchor Bolt and Gusset Details Tab The Anchor Bolt and Gusset Details tab contains the following information: 

Anchor Bolt Data



Gusset and Top Plate Input (Anchor Chairs)

Anchor Bolt Data Anchor Bolt Diameter (optional) (d) - Defines the bolt diameter of an existing anchorage. This is an optional value. Threads per Unit Length - The software can either evaluate a user-specified design or design an anchorage according to API-650 Section 5.12. In order to size the anchor bolts, the thread pitch is necessary. The pitch is the reciprocal of the parameter known as threads per inch.

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TANK User's Guide

TANK Interface Type the threads per inch in the appropriate units. This is a required entry used in the event that the software must design an anchorage. Typical threads per inch for various size UNC bolts are listed in the following table: Basic Major Diameter (in)

Threads per Inch

0.5000

13

0.6250

11

0.7500

10

0.8750

9

1.0000

8

1.1250

7

1.2500

7

1.3750

6

1.5000

6

1.7500

5

2.0000

4.5

2.2500

4.5

2.5000

4

2.7500

4

3.0000

4

3.2500

4

3.5000

4

3.7500

4

4.0000

4

Number of Anchor Bolts (optional) - Defines the number of anchor bolts for evaluation of an existing anchorage. If the software redesigns the anchorage, the number of bolts will be a multiple of the bolt increment specified in the configuration. Bolt Yield Stress - Defines the yield stress of the anchor bolts for use in Section 5.12. This is a required entry that is used in the event that the software must design an anchorage.

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TANK Interface Bolt Offset from Mean Tank Diameter - Defines the offset from the mean tank diameter to the anchor bolt circle. This value must be greater than zero for bolt circles outside the tank. If this value is left blank, an offset of 0.0 is used. The software internally multiplies this value by 2.0 before adding it to the tank diameter value. Anchor Bolt Corrosion Allowance - Defines the value of the corrosion allowance to be considered when sizing the anchor bolts. Previous versions of API-650, Section F.7.4, required a corrosion allowance of at least 0.25 inches.

Gusset and Top Plate Input (Anchor Chairs) Evaluate Anchor Chair Assembly? - Activates anchor chair assembly inputs so you can specify details for this anchor bolt. 

If you select this check box, then the software activates the inputs below this section of the dialog box. Selecting this checkbox lets you evaluate the chair assembly using standards from the AISI document, Steel Plate Engineering Data, Volume 1: Steel Tanks for Liquid Storage (Revised Edition 1992).

If you clear this check box, the software disables anchor chair assembly inputs and does not evaluate the anchor bolt assembly. Height of Gussets (hg) - Defines the height of the gussets. Refer to the figure on the right side of the dialog box for a diagram explaining the value of [hg]. Gusset Plate Thickness - Enter the gusset plate thickness. Refer to the figure on the right side of the dialog box for the value of [j]. Distance between Gussets (g) - Defines the distance between gussets. Refer to the figure on the right side of the dialog box for the value of [g]. Width at top of Gussets (twdt) - Defines the width at the top of the gussets. Refer to the figure on the right side of the dialog box for the value of [twdt]. Width at base of Gussets (bwdt) - Defines the width at the base of the gussets. Refer to the figure on the right side of the dialog box for the value of [bwdt]. Top Plate Thickness (c) - Defines the top plate thickness. Refer to the figure on the right side of the dialog box for the value of [c]. Top Plate Circumferential Width (a) - Defines the top plate circumferential width. Refer to the figure on the right side of the dialog box for the value of [a]. Top Plate Radial Width (b) - Defines the top plate radial width. Refer to the figure on the right side of the dialog box for the value of [b]. Corrosion Allowance on Chairs (Ca) - Defines the corrosion allowance needed for anchor chairs. API 650 specifies that the corrosion allowance specified on a tank does not apply to external attachments, such as chairs, unless they are specified separately. Allowable Tensile Stress of Plates (S) - Defines the allowable tensile stress of plates.

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TANK User's Guide

TANK Interface

Seismic Data Specifications The Seismic Data Specifications dialog box (accessed by selecting Home > Input > Seismic ) lets you specify seismic (earthquake) parameters. This dialog box is Data Specifications optional for tank input. The Seismic Data Specifications dialog box contains the following input fields:

Minimum Yield Strength of Bottom Plate - Defines the minimum yield strength of the bottom plate. Minimum Yield Strength of Weld Material - Defines the minimum yield strength of the weld material. Seismic Use Group - Specifies the Seismic Use Group for the tank. See API-650 Section E.3.1 for details on the various SUG categories. Valid entries for this field are 1, 2, or 3 (corresponding to SUG groups I, II, and III). Friction Factor - Specifies the friction factor used to determine tank sliding in API-650 Section E.7.6. API limits the maximum value of this friction factor to 0.4. Importance Factor - Specifies the API importance factor. Usually, this value is 1.0, unless specified otherwise by the purchaser. API recommends that this value not exceed 1.25, and that this value (1.25) only be used for emergency services.

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TANK Interface Initial Anchorage Type - Defines the initial anchorage type as either Self or Mechanical (bolts). Even if you specify a self-anchored tank, the requirements of the Code may be such that anchor bolts are required. In this instance, the software will design bolting. Earthquake Type - Defines the earthquake type as either Mapped or Site Specific. For more information about earthquake types, refer to API-650 Sections E.4.2 and E.4.3. Site Class - Defines the seismic site class according to Section E.4.6. Valid choices are A through F, where F represents soils that require site-specific evaluations. Spectral Acceleration Adjustment Coefficient (K) - Defines the spectral acceleration adjustment coefficient (K). This coefficient is used to adjust the spectral acceleration from 5% to 0.5% damping. If no value is specified, the coefficient defaults to 1.5. Scaling Factor (Q) - Defines the scaling factor from the maximum considered earthquake (MCE) to the design level spectral accelerations. The value of Q is 2/3 for ASCE #7. Transitional Period (TL) - Defines the regional-dependent transition period for longer period ground motion, in seconds. Unless otherwise specified, Transitional Period is taken as the mapped value found in ASCE #7. Mapped Max Earthquake Short Period (Ss) - Defines Ss, which is the mapped maximum considered earthquake, 5% damped, spectral response acceleration parameter at short periods (0.2s), %g. Mapped Max Earthquake 1-sec. Period (S1) - Defines S1, which is the mapped maximum considered earthquake, 5% damped, spectral response acceleration parameter at a period of one second, %g. Mapped Max Earthquake 0-sec. Period (S0) - Defines S0, which is the mapped maximum considered earthquake, 5% damped, spectral response acceleration parameter at a period of zero seconds (peak ground acceleration for a rigid structure), %g. Peak Ground Acceleration for Non-ASCE (Sp) - Defines SP, which is the design level peak ground acceleration parameter for sites not addressed by ASCE methods. Design Acceleration Parameter at Short Periods for ASCE Methods (Sds) - Defines SDS, which is the design, 5% damped, spectral response acceleration parameter at short periods (T = 0.2 seconds) based on ASCE 7 methods, %g. Spectral Acceleration Parameter at Zero Period (Sa0*) - Defines Sa0*, which is the 5% damped, design spectral response acceleration parameter at zero period based on site-specific procedures, %g. Spectral Acceleration Parameter at Any Period (Sa*) - Defines Sa*, which is the 5% damped, design spectral response acceleration parameter at any period based on site-specific procedures, %g.

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TANK User's Guide

TANK Interface

Nozzle Stiffnesses The Nozzle Stiffnesses dialog box (accessed by selecting Home > Input > Nozzle Stiffness ) lets you specify up to fifteen low tank nozzles. The data specification can include external piping loads from a pipe stress analysis, if available.



The data acquired from this dialog box is used to implement the rules of API-650 Appendix P.



When the tank temperature value in the General Tank Data (on page 21) is changed, the software updates the Modulus of Elasticity and Expansion Coefficient values automatically. These values are obtained by interpolating the data provided in Table P-1 of API-650.



If you check Use PVP-1279, TANK uses an alternate method to compute the nozzle stiffnesses. This alternate procedure is detailed in PVP-1279 and is valid for smaller tanks.

Nozzle Designation / Number - Defines a descriptive tag or number of the current nozzle. This cell is restricted to four characters and can contain letters and/or digits. Example entries for this cell are: NZ1

NA0A

NZ2

PGLG

NZ3 Nozzle Height above Bottom Plate - Defines the height of the nozzle centerline above the bottom plate. Nozzle Outer Diameter - Defines the outer diameter of the nozzle.

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TANK Interface Delta Temperature - Defines the difference between the normal operating temperature and the installation temperature. Modulus of Elasticity - Defines the modulus of elasticity. These values should be taken from API-650 Table P-1, reproduced as follows: Design Temp (deg F)

Modulus (psi)

Thermal Expansion (in/in/deg F)

70

29.5E6

-

200

28.8E6

6.67E-6

300

28.3E6

6.87E-6

400

27.7E6

7.07E-6

500

27.3E6

7.25E-6

The value of elastic modulus is automatically defined by the software when you change the design temperature on the general spreadsheet. You can change this value, if necessary. If the bottom shell course is specified as Stainless Steel, then the modulus value for Table P-1 is not used. Instead, the modulus value is obtained from Table S-6:

36

Design Temp (deg F)

Modulus (psi)

100.

28.0E6

200.

27.4E6

300.

26.6E6

400.

26.1E6

500.

25.2E6

TANK User's Guide

TANK Interface Expansion Coefficient - Defines the value of the thermal expansion coefficient. These values should be taken from API-650 Table P-1and are reproduced as follows: Design Temp (deg F)

Modulus (psi)

Thermal Expansion (in/in/deg F)

70.

29.5E6

-

200.

28.8E6

6.67E-6

300.

28.3E6

6.87E-6

400.

27.7E6

7.07E-6

500.

27.3E6

7.25E-6

Design Temp (deg C)

Modulus (MPa)

Thermal Expansion (mm/mm/deg C)

20.

203000

-

90.

199000

12.0

150.

195000

12.4

200.

191000

12.7

260.

188000

13.1

The value of expansion coefficient is automatically defined by the software (using internal, English, units) when you change the design temperature on the general spreadsheet. You can change this value, if necessary. Reinforcement on Shell or Nozzle? - Indicates where the nozzle reinforcement is located. This entry is used to interpolate among the charts in API-650 Appendix P. If reinforcing on the shell is indicated, Appendix P makes the following assumptions: 

The reinforcing pad thickness is equal to the shell thickness.



The pad diameter is twice the nozzle diameter.

These assumptions are implicit in the curves presented in Appendix P and are automatically considered by the software.

Nozzle RePad Thickness - Defines the thickness of the nozzle reinforcing pad, when it exists and when the software must consider it in calculations. If you specify a pad thickness in this box, the software uses the value to increase the thickness of the tank shell in all Appendix P calculations. Specifying a repad thickness in this box can duplicate assumptions made by Appendix P, and it is not advised in most circumstances. Appendix P of API-650 does not specify how to handle reinforcing pads. References used when developing Appendix P indicate that when selecting the curves for reinforcing on the shell, you should automatically assume the nozzle has a pad with a thickness equal to the shell thickness. Nozzle Weight - Defines the weight of this nozzle. The value is used in all weight computations involving the shell.

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TANK Interface Applied External Radial Force - Defines the value of any applied radial force, acting on the nozzle. The value is used in plotting the interaction diagram of Appendix P. Applied External Circumferential Moment - Defines the value of any applied external circumferential moment acting on the nozzle. The value is used in plotting the interaction diagram of Appendix P. Applied External Longitudinal Moment - Defines the value of any applied external longitudinal moment acting on the nozzle. The value is used in plotting the interaction diagram of Appendix P. Radial Layout Angle - Defines the angle at which the nozzle is to be placed radially in the tank shell. The software uses this input for the 3D plot only. Nozzle Inside Projection - Defines the length of the nozzle projecting inside of the tank. The software uses this input for the 3D plot only. Nozzle Outside Projection - Defines the length of the nozzle projecting outside of the tank. The software uses this input for the 3D plot only. Use PVP-1279 for Stiffness - Allows TANK to utilize an alternate method to compute nozzle stiffnesses. This alternate method is based on PVP (Pressure Vessel and Piping) paper 1279 Stiffness Coefficients for Nozzles in API-650 Tanks, by Lengsfeld, Bardia, Taagepera, Hathaitham, LaBounty, and Lengsfeld. This alternate method is based on the finite element analysis of a number of tanks, resulting in alternate curves and equations for the determination of tank nozzle stiffnesses. Nozzle Thickness for PVP-1279 - Displays a value defined in PVP-1279, but not actually used in the computations. RePad Outer Diameter for PVP-1279 - Defines the outside diameter of the nozzle reinforcing pad, if any. This value is used to determine the vertical distance from the nozzle centerline to the point where the tank bottom has no influence on nozzle stiffness.

External Pressure The API 650 External Pressure (App V.) dialog box (accessed by selecting Home > Input > ) contains optional parameters necessary to evaluate the external External Pressure pressure capacity of the tank.

Specified External Pressure (Pe) - Defines the Specified External Pressure, Pe.

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TANK User's Guide

TANK Interface Elastic Modulus of the Roof Plate Material - Defines the elastic modulus of the roof plate material, E. Allowable Compressive Stress for Bottom Stiffener (Fc) - Defines the Bottom Stiffener Allowable Compressive Stress, fc, where fc = 0.4Fy of components considered for the intermediate and bottom stiffeners. However, fc need not be less than 15,000 psi (103 MPa). Smallest Allowable Tensile Stress for Top Stiffener (Fc) - Defines the Top Stiffener Allowable Compressive Stress, fc, Where fc = 0.6Fy of components considered for the top end stiffener region. However, fc need not be less than 20,000 psi (140 MPa). Smallest Allowable Tensile Stress of roof, shell, and stiffeners (f) - Defines the Minimum Allowable Tensile Stress, f, of the roof plate material, the shell plate material, and the stiffener ring material at the maximum operating temperature. Roof Dish Radius (if needed) (R) - Defines the Dish Radius of Roof, R. This value is only needed for Dome and Umbrella roofs.

Inspection Data The Inspection Data dialog box (accessed by selecting Home > Input > Inspection Data ) specifies additional measurement data obtained from tank inspections. This measurement data can be used to implement the shell and bottom checks discussed in API-653 Sections 4.3.3.1, 4.3.3.2, and 4.4.7.1. The data for the service measurement analysis is organized on separate tabs. Bottom, Post 3rd Ed. Tab (see "Bottom Post 3rd Ed. Tab" on page 39) Bottom, Pre 3rd Edition Tab (see "Bottom Pre 3rd Edition Tab" on page 40) Manual Shell Course Specification Tab (on page 41)

Bottom Post 3rd Ed. Tab The Bottom, Post 3rd Ed. tab defines the parameters necessary to evaluate the minimum thickness for the tank bottom plate according to Section 4.4.7.1 of the 3rd Edition of API-653.

Minimum Remaining Thickness from Bottom Side of Corrosion after Repairs (RTbc) Defines the value of the minimum remaining thickness from the bottom side corrosion, after repairs, according to API-653 Section 4.4.7.1. Minimum Remaining Thickness from Internal Corrosion after Repairs (RTip) - Defines the value of the minimum remaining thickness from internal corrosion, after repairs, according to API-653 Section 4.4.7.1.

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TANK Interface Anticipated In-Service Period of Operation (Or) - Defines the value of the anticipated in-service period of operation (normally 10 years), according to API-653 Section 2.4.7.1. Maximum Rate of Corrosion Not Repaired on the Top Side (StPr) - Defines the value of the maximum internal pitting rate, on a yearly basis. If the tank bottom is internally lined (per API RP 652), this value should be specified as 0.0, according to API-653 Section 2.4.7.1. Maximum Underside Pitting Rate (UPr) - Defines the value of the maximum rate of corrosion, on a yearly basis. If the tank bottom is cathodically protected (per API RP 651), this value should be specified as 0.0, according to API-653 Section 2.4.7.1.

Bottom Pre 3rd Edition Tab The Bottom, Pre 3rd Ed. tab displays the parameters necessary to evaluate the minimum thickness for the tank bottom plate, according to Section 2.4.7.1 of previous editions of API-653.

Average Depth of Internal Pitting (StPa) - Defines the average depth of the internal pitting of the bottom plates. This value is measured from the original thickness. Maximum Depth of Underside Pitting (UPm) - Defines the maximum depth of underside pitting of the bottom plates. Average Depth of Underside Pitting (UPa) - Defines the average depth of underside pitting of the bottom plates. Original Plate Thickness (To) - Defines the original thickness of the bottom plates. This value should correspond to the bottom plate thickness entered on the Seismic Data Specifications (on page 33) and the Grillage Review (on page 56), if specified. Average Depth of Generally Corroded Area (GCa) - Defines the value of the average depth of the generally corroded area, (GCa), according to API-653 Section 2.4.7.1. Maximum Rate of General Corrosion (GCr) - Defines the value of the maximum rate of general corrosion, on a yearly basis, according to API-653 Section 2.4.7.1. Max Depth Internal Pitting After Repair (StPm) - Defines the value of the maximum depth of internal pitting remaining in the bottom plates after repairs are completed, according to API-653 Section 2.4.7.1. This value is measured from the original thickness. Maximum Internal Pitting Rate (o if lined) ( StPr) - Defines the maximum rate of corrosion not repaired on the top side (StPr). StPr = 0 for coated areas of the bottom. The expected life of r the coating must equal or exceed O to use StPr = 0.

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TANK User's Guide

TANK Interface Maximum rate of corrosion on the bottom side (UPr) - Defines the value of the maximum rate of corrosion, on a yearly basis. If the tank bottom is cathodically protected (per API RP 651), this value should be specified as 0.0, according to API-653 Section 2.4.7.1. Anticipated In-Service Period of Operation (Or) - Defines the value of the anticipated in-service period of operation (normally 10 years), according to API-653 Section 2.4.7.1.

Manual Shell Course Specification Tab The Manual Shell Course Specification tab defines the location of the critical length L, the inspection values of t1 and t2, and a joint efficiency for each shell course. Additionally, controls are provided to indicate which of these data entries should be considered in the current analysis.

If the joint efficiency is left blank, the value specified on the General Tank Data dialog box is used. Similarly, if the L location is left blank, the fluid height will be determined from the bottom of the course. If the t1 or t2 values are left blank, they default to the user-specified thickness on the General Tank Data dialog box. E (Joint Efficiency) - Defines the value of the joint efficiency to be used in the thickness computations of this shell course. L (Location Above Course Bottom) - Defines the value that locates the bottom of the L region, above the bottom of this course. Where L is the critical length, the maximum vertical length over which the hoop stresses are assumed to "average out" around local discontinuities. In subsequent thickness computations, the fluid height to the design liquid level is measured from the bottom of L. t1 (Lowest Average Thickness) - Defines the average thickness in the L region. If this value is left blank, it defaults to the thickness defined in the General Tank Data (on page 21) dialog box. t2 (Minimum Thickness) - Defines the least thickness in any area of corrosion, exclusive of pits. If this value is left blank, it defaults to the thickness defined in the General Tank Data (on page 21) dialog box. Use specified shell "L" values? - Indicates whether the specified location L is used in subsequent thickness calculations.

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41

TANK Interface 

If you select this check box, the software uses the user-specified values of the location of L to be used in determining the height to the maximum design liquid level. When this box is checked, the height value is computed according to API-653 Section 2.3.3.1.



If you clear this check box, the software ignores the user input values of the location of L in subsequent computations. The thickness computations use a height value measured from the bottom of each course, which produces more conservative (thicker) thicknesses.

Use specified shell "E" values? - Indicates whether the specified values of individual course joint efficiencies are used in subsequent computations. 

If you select this check box, the software uses the individual joint efficiencies for each course in any subsequent computations. This may be useful if additional inspections and radiography are performed.



If you clear this check box, the software ignores the specified values of individual course joint efficiencies. Instead, the computations are made using the joint efficiency specified on the General Tank Data dialog box.

Use specified shell "t1/t2" values? - Indicates whether the software uses the specified values of individual course thicknesses of t1 and t2 in subsequent computations. 

If you select this check box, the software performs the thickness checks per API-653 2.3.3.1. Values of t1 or t2 left blank will assume the thickness specified on the General Tank Data dialog box.



If you clear this check box, the software does not perform the thickness checks of API-653 2.3.3.1.

Bottom Shell Course as Constructed - Defines the original thickness of the bottom shell course. This value is used to determine the minimum thickness of the annular base plate, per API-653 Table 2- 3.

Roof Specifications The Roof Specifications dialog box (accessed by selecting Home > Input > Roof ) lets you specify the roof parameters. This dialog box is optional for tank Specifications input. The Roof Specification Parameters dialog box is divided into three tabs: 

General Roof Specs Tab - Specifies the overall geometry of the roof. Whenever a tank has a roof to be designed, values for the top half of this dialog must be defined. For more information, see General Roof Specs Tab (on page 42).



Supported Cone Roof Data Tab - Defines the data necessary for supported cone roof design. For more information, see Supported Cone Roof Data Tab (on page 46)



Girder Rings Tab - Specifies the location of each girder ring and how many girders make up the ring. For more information, see Girder Rings Tab (on page 52).

General Roof Specs Tab Specifies the overall geometry of the roof. Whenever a tank has a roof to be designed, value for the top half of this dialog must be defined. Determine whether a simple approximation will be made, or a supported cone roof will be designed. The approximation requires the specification of

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TANK User's Guide

TANK Interface the remaining data on the General Roof Specs tab. This data is used in further analysis, such as seismic analysis, wind over turning, and maximum allowed pressure.

General Roof Data Roof Type - Specifies the roof type of the tank. You can choose from: 

Supported Cone - The roof is supported by rafters, girders, and columns. For supported cone roofs, the software designs the rafters, columns, and girders.



Rafter-Supported Cone - The roof is supported by rafters only. For rafter-supported cone roofs, the software designs the rafters.



Cone



Dome



Umbrella

The Cone, Dome, and Umbrella roof types are considered solely for their weight effects on the shell. Angle Between Roof & Horizontal - Defines the angle between the roof and a horizontal plane at the roof/shell junction. Net Area at Roof/Shell Junction - Defines the area resisting the compressive force. For more information, refer to API-650 Figure F-2. Thickness of Roof Plate - Defines the nominal thickness of the roof plates. This value should include the corrosion allowance, if any.

TANK User's Guide

43

TANK Interface Roof Plate Corrosion Allowance - Defines the corrosion allowance to be considered when determining the weight of the roof plates for Appendix F and overturning computations. This value is subtracted from the nominal roof plate thickness. Roof Live Load - Defines the value to be used in computing the load supported by the roof plates. According to API-650 5.10.2.1, this value must be at least 20 pounds per square foot. The dead load of the roof is computed by the software and combined with the live load to determine the total roof load. Weight of Snow on Roof - Defines the total weight of any snow on the roof to be considered in API-650 Appendix E computations for seismic checks. If the supported cone roof design procedures are implemented, the software determines the load applied to the roof internally. This value will not be used. Dome/Umbrella Roof Spherical Radius - Defines the total spherical radius for a dome or umbrella type of roof. If you do not specify this value, the software uses the tank inner radius as the default value.

General Roof Data - No Design Weight of Roof Plates - Defines the total weight of the roof plates to be considered in API-650 Appendix E and Appendix F computations. The software determines the weight of the roof plates internally. If the computed value is greater than the input value specified here, or a supported cone roof is being designed, the computed value will be used in subsequent calculations. If the input value is greater, it will be used (unless a supported cone roof is being designed). For supported cone roofs, the computed roof plate weight is always used. Weight of Roof Framing - Defines the total weight of the roof framing to be considered in API-650 Appendix E and Appendix F computations. If the supported cone roof design procedures are implemented, then the software determines the weight of the roof framing internally. This value will not be used. % of Weights Supported by Shell - Defines the percentage of the roof and snow weights that are to be considered as supported by the shell for API-650 Appendix E checks. If the supported cone roof design procedures are implemented, the software determines the % of weight supported by the shell internally. This value will not be used.

Net Area Scratchpad (F2) Used to quickly determine the value for Net Area at Roof/Shell Junction. After the data has been defined, click Compute. TANK calculates the net area at the roof–shell junction and updates the value for Net Area at Roof/Shell Junction. The data entered in the scratchpad is not saved. Figure (a-k) Specifies the needed cross-section, corresponding to sketches a through k from API-650, Figure F.2. Thickness of Shell Plate (tc) - Specifies a pre-analysis estimate of the thickness of the top shell plate. After the analysis, the computed top course thickness replaces the estimate so that the correct area can be used in the roof calculations. Thickness of Angle Leg (ta) - Specifies the angle thickness if the selected sketch (a-k) includes an angle.

44

TANK User's Guide

TANK Interface Thickness of Bar (tb) - Specifies the bar thickness in this field, if the selected shell (a-k) includes a bar. Thickness of Thicker Plate (ts) - Specifies the thickness if the selected sketch (a-k) includes a thickened region of the top shell course. Unstiffened Angle Length (Le) - Specifies the un-stiffened angle leg if the selected sketch (a-k) includes an angle. Minimum Yield Strength (Fy) - Specifies the minimum yield strength of all of the materials in the selected sketch. Roof Section Types and Structural Databases The following tables show the various structural databases and valid roof section types.

1989 AISC Library DESCRIPTOR

AISC SHAPE

USAGE

W

Wide Flange

rafter, girder, column

WT

Structural Tee

rafter, girder, column

S

Standard I Beam

rafter, girder, column

C

Channel

rafter, girder, column

DC

Double Channel

columns only

DI

Double Wide Flange

columns only

P

Pipe

columns only

1990 Korean Library DESCRIPTOR

SHAPE

USAGE

W

Wide Flange

rafter, girder, column

C

Channel

rafter, girder, column

M

Standard I Beam

rafter, girder, column

1993 UK Library DESCRIPTOR

SHAPE

USAGE

UB

Universal Beams

rafter, girder, column

UC

Universal Columns

rafter, girder, column

T

Structural Tee

rafter, girder, column

C

Channel

rafter, girder, column

TANK User's Guide

45

TANK Interface 1991 German Library DESCRIPTOR

SHAPE

USAGE

I

I-Beams

rafter, girder, column

U

Channel

rafter, girder, column

T

Structural Tee

rafter, girder, column

1990 Australian Library DESCRIPTOR

SHAPE

USAGE

UB

Universal Beams

rafter, girder, column

UC

Universal Columns

rafter, girder, column

1990 South African Library DESCRIPTOR

SHAPE

USAGE

IP

I-Beams

rafter, girder, column

HP

Wide flange beams

rafter, girder, column

CP

Channels, parallel

rafter, girder, column

CT

Channels, taper

rafter, girder, column

Supported Cone Roof Data Tab If a supported cone roof is to be designed, then values in the bottom half of General Root Specs tab should be left blank. The data necessary for supported cone roof design, according to the procedures outlined in the text by Brownell & Young, is specified on Supported Cone Root Data tab.

46

TANK User's Guide

TANK Interface In the design of a supported cone roof, the roof plates sit on top of the rafters. The rafters are oriented along radial lines, from the center of the tank. The rafters are arranged in rings around the tank, where the rafter lengths do not exceed the maximum specified value. The ends of the rafters are supported on girders, arranged in concentric circles, where the girder lengths do not exceed the maximum specified value. The girders are supported by columns.

For the structural and roof plate materials, click allows selection from the Material Database.

to bring up the context menu which

Structural Database - Specifies the structural database for use in the supported cone roof design module. Database files are supplied by Intergraph CAS, Inc. and support U.S. as well as international shape libraries. Shape libraries are available for the following countries: 

Australia



Germany



Japan



Korea



South Africa



United Kingdom



United States of America (AISC)

TANK User's Guide

47

TANK Interface Preferred Rafter Type - Specifies the preferred section type for the roof rafters. The roof rafter locations are shown in the figure below. The specific section types depend on the active structural database. For more information, see Roof Section Types and Structural Databases (on page 54).

Preferred Girder Type - Specifies the preferred section type for the roof girders. The roof girder locations are shown in the figure below. The specific section types depend on the active structural database. For more information, see Roof Section Types and Structural Databases (on page 54).

48

TANK User's Guide

TANK Interface Preferred Column Type - Enter the preferred section type for the roof columns. The roof column locations are shown in the figure below. The specific section types depend on the active structural database. Valid types as a function of the database are listed below.

For the 1989 AISC library, valid types for this cell are: W, WT, S, C, DC, DI, and P. These descriptors correspond to the following cross sections from AISC: DESCRIPTOR

AISC SHAPE

USAGE

W

Wide Flange

rafter, girder, column

WT

Structural Tee

rafter, girder, column

S

Standard I Beam

rafter, girder, column

C

Channel

rafter, girder, column

DC

Double Channel

columns only

DI

Double Wide Flange

columns only

P

Pipe

columns only

For the 1990 Korean library, valid types for this cell are: W, C, and M. These descriptors correspond to the following cross sections: DESCRIPTOR

SHAPE

USAGE

W

Wide Flange

rafter, girder, column

C

Channel

rafter, girder, column

M

Standard I Beam

rafter, girder, column

TANK User's Guide

49

TANK Interface For the 1993 UK library, valid types for this cell are: UB, UC, T, and C. These descriptors correspond to the following cross sections: DESCRIPTOR

SHAPE

USAGE

UB

Universal Beams

rafter, girder, column

UC

Universal Columns

rafter, girder, column

T

Structural Tee

rafter, girder, column

C

Channel

rafter, girder, column

For the 1991 German library, valid types for this cell are: I, U, and T. These descriptors correspond to the following cross sections: DESCRIPTOR

SHAPE

USAGE

I

I-Beams

rafter, girder, column

U

Channel

rafter, girder, column

T

Structural Tee

rafter, girder, column

For the 1990 Australian library, valid types for this cell are: UB, and UC. These descriptors correspond to the following cross sections: DESCRIPTOR

SHAPE

USAGE

UB

Universal Beams

rafter, girder, column

UC

Universal Columns

rafter, girder, column

For the 1990 South African library, valid types for this cell are: IP, HP, CP, and CT. These descriptors correspond to the following cross sections: DESCRIPTOR

SHAPE

USAGE

IP

I-Beams

rafter, girder, column

HP

Wide flange beams

rafter, girder, column

CP

Channels, parallel

rafter, girder, column

CT

Channels, taper

rafter, girder, column

Roof Plate Material - Defines a material for the roof plates. To view the properties for the to the right of the box to open the Material Properties selected roof plate material, click dialog box. To change the roof plate material specified in the Material box, clear the box and press to the right of the blank box to open the Material Selection dialog box, Enter. Then, click from which you can double-click to select a new material.

50

TANK User's Guide

TANK Interface Roof Plate Allowable Design Stress - Defines the value used as the allowable design stress for the roof plates. This value is automatically populated when you specify the Roof Plate Material. Structural Member Material - Defines a material for the structural members. To view the to the right of the box to open properties for the selected structural member material, click the Material Properties dialog box. To change the structural member material specified in the Material box, clear the box to the right of the blank box to open the Material Selection and press Enter. Then, click dialog box, from which you can double-click to select a new material. Structural Member Allowable Design Stress - Defines the value used as the allowable design stress for the structural members. This value is automatically populated when you specify the Structural Member Material. For compliance with API-650 Section 3.10.3.4, this value should not exceed 20000 psi (137895 kpa). Maximum Allowed Rafter Length - Defines the maximum length allowed for the rafters. This value is used to determine the radii to the various girder rings. Typical values for this cell are 20.0 to 24.0 feet (6.1 to 7.3 meters). Maximum Allowed Girder Length - Defines the maximum length allowed for the girders. This value is used to determine how many girders are required for each girder ring. Typical values for this cell are 24.0 to 30.0 feet /7.3 to 9.1 meters. Center Column Cap Plate Diameter - Defines the diameter of the center column cap plate. If this box is left blank, TANK uses a value of zero. Roof Section Types and Structural Databases The following tables show the various structural databases and valid roof section types.

1989 AISC Library DESCRIPTOR

AISC SHAPE

USAGE

W

Wide Flange

rafter, girder, column

WT

Structural Tee

rafter, girder, column

S

Standard I Beam

rafter, girder, column

C

Channel

rafter, girder, column

DC

Double Channel

columns only

DI

Double Wide Flange

columns only

P

Pipe

columns only

1990 Korean Library DESCRIPTOR

SHAPE

USAGE

W

Wide Flange

rafter, girder, column

C

Channel

rafter, girder, column

TANK User's Guide

51

TANK Interface DESCRIPTOR

SHAPE

USAGE

M

Standard I Beam

rafter, girder, column

1993 UK Library DESCRIPTOR

SHAPE

USAGE

UB

Universal Beams

rafter, girder, column

UC

Universal Columns

rafter, girder, column

T

Structural Tee

rafter, girder, column

C

Channel

rafter, girder, column

1991 German Library DESCRIPTOR

SHAPE

USAGE

I

I-Beams

rafter, girder, column

U

Channel

rafter, girder, column

T

Structural Tee

rafter, girder, column

1990 Australian Library DESCRIPTOR

SHAPE

USAGE

UB

Universal Beams

rafter, girder, column

UC

Universal Columns

rafter, girder, column

1990 South African Library DESCRIPTOR

SHAPE

USAGE

IP

I-Beams

rafter, girder, column

HP

Wide flange beams

rafter, girder, column

CP

Channels, parallel

rafter, girder, column

CT

Channels, taper

rafter, girder, column

Girder Rings Tab Data on the Supported Cone Roof Data tab defines the positioning the girder rings, according to the procedures outlined in the text by Brownell & Young. This includes positioning the girder rings according to the maximum allowed rafter lengths. If alternate positioning is needed, then

52

TANK User's Guide

TANK Interface the design can be forced in a certain direction by specifying data on the Girder Rings tab. For more information, see Roof Section Types and Structural Databases (on page 54).

The location of each girder ring, and the number of girders that are in each ring are specified in the grid. This value is optional. Radius to Girder Ring - Defines the radial distance from the center of the tank to each girder ring. If the location of one girder ring is specified, the distance to all girder rings must be defined. Number of Girders in Ring - Defines the number of girders in each ring. If the number of girders in any one ring is specified, the number of girders in all rings must also be specified. This value is optional. Roof Section Types and Structural Databases The following tables show the various structural databases and valid roof section types.

1989 AISC Library DESCRIPTOR

AISC SHAPE

USAGE

W

Wide Flange

rafter, girder, column

WT

Structural Tee

rafter, girder, column

S

Standard I Beam

rafter, girder, column

C

Channel

rafter, girder, column

DC

Double Channel

columns only

DI

Double Wide Flange

columns only

P

Pipe

columns only

1990 Korean Library DESCRIPTOR

SHAPE

USAGE

W

Wide Flange

rafter, girder, column

C

Channel

rafter, girder, column

TANK User's Guide

53

TANK Interface DESCRIPTOR

SHAPE

USAGE

M

Standard I Beam

rafter, girder, column

1993 UK Library DESCRIPTOR

SHAPE

USAGE

UB

Universal Beams

rafter, girder, column

UC

Universal Columns

rafter, girder, column

T

Structural Tee

rafter, girder, column

C

Channel

rafter, girder, column

1991 German Library DESCRIPTOR

SHAPE

USAGE

I

I-Beams

rafter, girder, column

U

Channel

rafter, girder, column

T

Structural Tee

rafter, girder, column

1990 Australian Library DESCRIPTOR

SHAPE

USAGE

UB

Universal Beams

rafter, girder, column

UC

Universal Columns

rafter, girder, column

1990 South African Library DESCRIPTOR

SHAPE

USAGE

IP

I-Beams

rafter, girder, column

HP

Wide flange beams

rafter, girder, column

CP

Channels, parallel

rafter, girder, column

CT

Channels, taper

rafter, girder, column

The following tables show the various structural databases and valid roof section types.

54

TANK User's Guide

TANK Interface 1989 AISC Library DESCRIPTOR

AISC SHAPE

USAGE

W

Wide Flange

rafter, girder, column

WT

Structural Tee

rafter, girder, column

S

Standard I Beam

rafter, girder, column

C

Channel

rafter, girder, column

DC

Double Channel

columns only

DI

Double Wide Flange

columns only

P

Pipe

columns only

1990 Korean Library DESCRIPTOR

SHAPE

USAGE

W

Wide Flange

rafter, girder, column

C

Channel

rafter, girder, column

M

Standard I Beam

rafter, girder, column

1993 UK Library DESCRIPTOR

SHAPE

USAGE

UB

Universal Beams

rafter, girder, column

UC

Universal Columns

rafter, girder, column

T

Structural Tee

rafter, girder, column

C

Channel

rafter, girder, column

1991 German Library DESCRIPTOR

SHAPE

USAGE

I

I-Beams

rafter, girder, column

U

Channel

rafter, girder, column

T

Structural Tee

rafter, girder, column

1990 Australian Library DESCRIPTOR

SHAPE

USAGE

UB

Universal Beams

rafter, girder, column

TANK User's Guide

55

TANK Interface DESCRIPTOR

SHAPE

USAGE

UC

Universal Columns

rafter, girder, column

1990 South African Library DESCRIPTOR

SHAPE

USAGE

IP

I-Beams

rafter, girder, column

HP

Wide flange beams

rafter, girder, column

CP

Channels, parallel

rafter, girder, column

CT

Channels, taper

rafter, girder, column

Grillage Review The Grillage Review dialog box (accessed by selecting Home > Input > Grillage Review ) lets you define the needed values when a tank must rest on a lattice of grillage. From this dialog box, you can specify for the software to compute either the grillage spacing or the required nominal thickness of the bottom plate.

The data acquired from this dialog is used in the computations of API-650 Appendix I, Section 7. Modulus of Elasticity of Bottom Plate - Defines the value of the elastic modulus to be used for the bottom plate. Corrosion Allowance Added to Bottom Plate - Defines the corrosion allowance to be added to the bottom plate thickness. If left blank, this value defaults to zero. Minimum Yield Strength of Bottom Plate - Defines the minimum yield strength of the bottom plate. Maximum Allowed Spacing - Defines the maximum allowed spacing (center-to-center between adjacent or radial grillage members). This value is optional.

56

TANK User's Guide

TANK Interface

Cycle Life The Cycle Life dialog box (accessed by selecting Home > Input > Cycle Life ) lets you specify the data necessary to evaluate the anticipated number of "full - empty" cycles the tank is permitted to cycle through without a detailed stress analysis. This dialog box is optional for tank input.

Fill Height - Defines the difference in filling height between the full level of the tank and the low level of the tank. Temperature - Defines the difference between the minimum ambient temperature and the tank's maximum operating temperature. Minimum Yield Strength of Bottom Plate - Defines the minimum yield strength of the bottom plate. Factor B - Defines the foundation factor. This value is: 

2.0 for tanks on earth foundations



4.0 for tanks on earth foundations with a concrete ring-wall

Factor C - Defines the factor to account for the radial restraint of the tank's shell-to-bottom junction with respect to free thermal expansion. The value for C ranges from a minimum of 0.25 to a maximum of 1.0. The actual design value of C is established considering the tank's operating and warm-up procedure and heat transfer to the subgrade. The value of C is 0.85 if not specified. Factor K - Defines the stress concentration factor for the bottom plate at the toe of the inside shell-to-bottom fillet weld. 

K = 4.0 for shell-to-bottom fillet welds and lap-welded bottom plates.



K = 2.0 for butt-welded annular plates where the shell-to-bottom fillet welds have been inspected by 100% magnetic particle examination.

The magnetic particle examination is performed on the root pass at every 1/2 inch / 13mm of deposited weld metal while the weld is being made and on the completed weld. The examination is performed before hydrostatic testing.

TANK User's Guide

57

TANK Interface

Shell Settlement The Shell Settlement dialog box (accessed by selecting Home > Input > Shell Settlement ) lets you define the measured settlement of up to 40 points around the tank shell circumference.

The data from this dialog is used to implement the requirements of API-653, Appendix B. Elastic Modulus for Allowed Settlement - Defines the value of the elastic modulus the software uses in the computation of the allowed shell settlement, in API-653 Section B.3.2. If this value is left blank, the software uses a default of 29.5E6 psi / 203000 MPa.

58

TANK User's Guide

TANK Interface Angle Between Measurements - Defines the distance (in degrees) between adjacent settlement measurement points. This value must be less than 45-degrees. API-653 Appendix B.1.3 requires at least eight points around the circumference of the tank. This limits the entry in this field to a maximum of 45 degrees. Additional data points will reduce the magnitude of this angle. The software performs all computations using all of the specified measurement points. If the number of measurement points is so great as to cause the spacing to fall below 15 feet / 4.6m, use every other point when generating the input. 

The code limits the spacing between these measurement points (around the circumference of the tank) to 32 feet / 9.8 m. Prior to API-653 2nd Edition Addendum 2, this limit was 30 feet / 9.1m.



Too many points may lead to an overly conservative determination of the out-of-plane deflection limit. Addendum 3 to the 9th Edition of API-653 suggests computing the deflection limit using points spaced at approximately 30 foot / 9.1m intervals. Additional details on this subject can be found in Out of Plane Settlement of Cylindrical Tanks by Erdmann and Yeigh, Hydrocarbon Engineering, May 1999 and the text by Phil Meyers, Above Ground Storage Tanks.

Elevation - Defines the elevation of the shell bottom at this measurement point on the circumference of the tank.

Venting Requirements The Venting Requirements dialog box (accessed by selecting Home > Input > Venting ) lets you specify the flow rates for emptying and filling the tank, the Requirements environmental factors, and liquid characteristics. The computations performed here are in accordance with API-2000 6th Edition. Most of the information from this edition can be found in Annex A. This dialog box is optional for tank input.

Emptying Rate - Defines the maximum emptying rate (volume per hour) of liquid from the tank. For more information, see API-2000 Section 4.3.2.1.1. Filling Rate - Defines the maximum filling rate (volume per hour) of liquid from the tank. For more information, see API-2000 Section 4.3.2.2.1. Liquid Flash Point - Defines the temperature of the liquid's flash point. Boiling Point - Defines the temperature of the liquid's boiling point. Environmental Factor - Defines the environmental factor according to Table 4A of API- 2000.

TANK User's Guide

59

TANK Interface English Units: Configuration

Conductance (BTU/hr ft2 F) Insulation Thickness (in)

F Factor

Bare metal tank

---

0

1.0

Insulated tank

4.0

1

0.3

Insulated tank

2.0

2

0.15

Insulated tank

1.0

4

0.075

Insulated tank

0.67

6

0.05

Insulated tank

0.50

8

0.375

Insulated tank

0.40

10

0.300

Insulated tank

0.33

12

0.025

Concrete or Fireproofing

---

---

see note C

Water-application facilities

---

---

1.0

Depressuring and emptying

---

---

1.0

Underground Storage

---

---

0.0

Earth-covered storage above Grade ---

---

0.03

Impoundment away from tank

---

---

0.5

Configuration

Conductance (Watts/m2 K)

Insulation Thickness (cm)

F Factor

Bare metal tank

---

0

1.0

Insulated tank

22.7

2.5

0.3

Insulated tank

11.4

5

0.15

Insulated tank

5.7

10

0.075

Insulated tank

3.8

15

0.05

Insulated tank

2.8

20

0.375

Insulated tank

2.3

25

0.300

Insulated tank

0.19

30

0.025

Metric Units:

60

TANK User's Guide

TANK Interface Configuration

Conductance (Watts/m2 K)

Insulation Thickness (cm)

F Factor

Concrete or Fireproofing

---

---

see note C

Water-application facilities

---

---

1.0

Depressuring and emptying

---

---

1.0

Underground Storage

---

---

0.0

Earth-covered storage above Grade ---

---

0.03

Impoundment away from tank

---

0.5

---

Scratchpad Panel The Home > Scratchpad panel lets you quickly access any available scratchpads for tank input, as well as transfer existing scratchpad calculations to your input file. Scratchpads let you compute data that you later enter in the tank input. The software does not save the data you enter on a scratchpad. The scratchpad merely serves as an area to perform calculations.

The commands associated with this panel include: Tank Sizing/Cost Scratchpad - Opens the Tank Sizing/Costing Scratchpad dialog box. This scratchpad allows the user to estimate tank sizes and plate costs for a range of tank dimensions. For more information, see Tank Sizing/Costing Scratchpad (on page 61). Scratchpad Calculator - Launches the computation engine for the Tank Sizing/Costing Scratchpad dialog box. You must have values entered in all of the Scratchpad Input Data boxes for the software to activate the calculator. Transfer Scratchpad Results - Transfers the minimum cost tank (results) from the scratchpad to the General Tank Data dialog box. This serves as a good starting point for a tank design.

TANK User's Guide

61

TANK Interface

Tank Sizing/Costing Scratchpad The Tank Sizing/Costing Scratchpad dialog box (accessed by selecting an Input panel command and then selecting Home > Scratchpad > Tank Sizing/Cost Scratchpad) provides a quick way to both size and price a tank based on the required volume. This scratchpad is a calculation module that implements the API-650 One-Foot method to determine the required shell thicknesses. You can alter the specification data and re-compute the size and cost estimates as many times as necessary. After exiting the scratchpad, you have the option of transferring the diameter, height, and course thicknesses to the General Tank Data dialog for . No other data on the subsequent computations by clicking Transfer scratchpad results scratchpad is saved. A minimum amount of user-specified data is required, consisting of the tank volume, the fluid specific gravity, the plate allowable stress, the unit cost of plate, and the height and diameter ranges.

After you specify the necessary data, click Scratchpad Calculator to initiate the computations. TANK activates this calculator as soon as you define data in the Tank Sizing/Costing Scratchpad dialog box.

62

TANK User's Guide

TANK Interface The scratchpad computes a total of eight tanks: four for a diameter range, and four for a height range. The results of each range are presented in a list box below the input definition.

For each tank evaluated, the necessary diameter (or height) is presented, as well as the thickness required for each shell course. The height of the top course is also reported, all other courses being equal to the specified input value. The results of the costing are presented last and consist of the shell weight and cost estimate. The shell weight is based on the computed thicknesses and the plate density specified in the configuration file. The cost is the product of the unit price and the plate weight. If necessary, the input data can be altered, and new estimates re-calculated as often as needed. When you get the needed calculation results, you can print a report by selecting File>Preview/Print. You can also transfer the results for the minimum cost tank to the General . Tank Data (on page 21) by selecting Home > Scratchpad > Transfer scratchpad results After the scratchpad calculations have been performed, the Dynamic Sizing Tool becomes active. This sizing tool, located to the right of the output display, contains two slider bars. Moving the slider bars with the mouse changes the corresponding dimension of the tank, as well as updates the right most column of numerical data in the table.

Tank Sizing/Costing Scratchpad Dialog Box The Tank Size/Costing Scratchpad dialog box input boxes include the following. Required Volume - Defines the required volume of the tank for sizing purposes. The sizing routine determines diameters and heights necessary to achieve this volume. Fluid Specific Gravity - Defines the fluid specific gravity to be used in sizing the tank. Since the tank must be hydrotested, the minimum value for this entry should be 1.0.

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TANK Interface Cost/Unit Weight of Plate - Defines the unit cost of the plate material. The software uses this value to compute the total material cost of the various tank shells. The software multiplies the Cost/Unit Weight of Plate value by the total steel volume in the shell multiplied by the standard weight of steel. The mass conversion factor is applied to this value to compute the final tank cost. For consistent application, you must ensure that the mass conversion and the density conversion use the same unit such as lb. and lb/cu.in. or KG and KG/cu.cm. Plate Allowable Stress - Defines the unit cost of the plate material. The software uses this value to compute the total material cost of the various tank shells. The software multiplies the Cost/Unit Weight of Plate value by the total steel volume in the shell multiplied by the standard weight of steel. The mass conversion factor is applied to this value to compute the final tank cost. For consistent application, you must ensure that the mass conversion and the density conversion use the same unit such as lb. and lb/cu.in. or KG and KG/cu.cm. Average Course Height - Specifies how many full courses are needed to achieve the needed volume. The top course may be less than the value specified, because the top course height is used to match the desired volume. Minimum Tank Height - Defines the minimum and maximum limits for the tank height. A total of four (4) heights between these limits is determined (and the corresponding diameters) to size the tank. For each height/diameter value, the shell plate thicknesses are determined, followed by plate weight and cost. The height range is independent of the diameter range. The necessary diameter to achieve the required volume is then determined, exclusive of the diameter range. Maximum Tank Height - Defines the minimum and maximum limits for the tank height. A total of four (4) heights between these limits is determined (and the corresponding diameters) to size the tank. For each height/diameter value, the shell plate thicknesses are determined, followed by plate weight and cost. The height range is independent of the diameter range. The software determines the needed diameter to achieve the required volume is then determined, exclusive of the diameter range. Minimum Tank Diameter - Defines the minimum and maximum limits for the tank diameter. A total of four (4) diameters between these limits is determined (and the corresponding heights) to size the tank. For each height/diameter value, the shell plate thicknesses are determined, followed by plate weight and cost. The diameter range is independent of the height range. The necessary height to achieve the required volume is then determined, exclusive of the height range. Maximum Tank Diameter - Defines the minimum and maximum limits for the tank diameter. A total of four (4) diameters between these limits is determined (and the corresponding heights) to size the tank. For each height/diameter value, the shell plate thicknesses are determined, followed by plate weight and cost. The diameter range is independent of the height range. Four values of diameter between the minimum and maximum values are determined. The necessary height to achieve the required volume is then determined, exclusive of the height range.

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Analyze Panel The Home > Analyze panel commands let you analyze and error check tank data, change the time stamp on reports, review reports, and append additional reports to your TANK job.

The commands associated with this panel include: Error Check/Analyze (F12) - Starts the error checker, and if the input passes the error checker, automatically generates the output report. For more information, see Error Checking. You can also press F12 to start the error checker. Time Stamp - Specifies the time and date stamp for report headers. If you do not click the Time Stamp, TANK uses the current time and date by default. Review Reports (F11) - Opens the latest reports generated on the current TANK job. You can also press F11 to open the latest reports. Append Reports - Generates a new set of reports, in the current units system, and appends the reports to the last set of generated reports for the TANK job.

Units Panel The Home > Units panel lets you change the units for the current TANK job. Select the unit of measure you want from the Units box. The software updates the currently open job to the units you selected.

You can also change the units for the current job by selecting Tools > Configuration and selecting a new Units File value in the Database Definitions configuration settings.

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TANK Interface

2D Plot Panel The Home > 2D Plot panel provides commands that let you use the graphics processor to model tank sketches, plot shell settlement data, create nozzle interaction diagrams, and plot supported cone roof sketches. For more information on graphics processing, see View the Graphics Output (on page 115).



The 2D Plot panel is inactive until you add TANK data and shell courses to your TANK job and analyze or save the job. Once you save the job, the software activates the 2D Plot panel.



You must add a cone roof to your job or TANK does not plot the information.



You must have the 2D View selected below the model for the 2D Plot panel options.

The commands associated with this panel include: Plot Tank Elevation - Produces the basic tank sketch. For more information, see Plot Tank Elevations (on page 119). Plot Settlement - Plots the shell settlement data. For more information, see Plot Settlements (see "Plot Shell Settlements" on page 120). Plot Nozzle - Plots the first nozzle interaction diagram. For more information, see Nozzle Interaction Diagrams (see "Plot Nozzle Specifications" on page 121) Plot Cone Roof - Plots the supported cone roof sketch. For more information, see Supported Cone Roof Sketches (on page 123).

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Tools Tab Contains miscellaneous commands for program configuration, custom units systems, the Material Database Editor, a batch stream processor, and a text file review option.

The commands associated with this tab include: Configuration - Defines computation settings and database parameters for the software. For more information, see Configuration (on page 69). Make Unit - Displays existing units file settings for review or lets you create a new unit file. Material Database Editor - Starts a processor which can be used to add materials to the current TANK database. For more information, see Material Database Editor (on page 75). Batch Processor - Displays a dialog where a number of jobs can be selected for subsequent analysis. File Review - Starts Notepad to review a selected data file. The file is created by a prior analysis. There are three files which can be reviewed in this manner: the error check log file, the batch log file, and the solution message file. Calculator - Displays a calculator that you can use to perform mathematical computations.

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Configuration Sets up the software computations and databases. The software locates an existing setup file to use as a starting template. TANK searches for an existing configuration file in the current directory. If a configuration file is not found in the current directory, TANK uses the configuration file from the product installation folder. Click Tools > Configuration to open the Configuration dialog box, which includes three sections.

Computation Control (on page 69) Miscellaneous (on page 72) Database Definitions (on page 73)

Computation Control Modifies the operation of TANK. Click Tools > Configuration and review the Computational Control configuration settings. You can collapse any configuration section by clicking the arrow to the left of the name. This configuration section contains following options:

Roof Projection in Wind Moment? Specifies whether TANK includes the triangular projection of the roof in the determination of the wind moment. By default, this check box is selected. To ignore the roof projection and only include the tank shell projection, clear this check box.

Generate Message File? Creates an intermediate data file containing computation results not presented in the formal output reports. Information contained in this file includes: 

Iteration data during variable point solutions



Interpolation points from API curves and graphs



Other intermediate results:

The file created by this option resides in the current data directory and is named {jobname}.TXT. This file can be printed or viewed with any standard text editor. This file can also be viewed from the menu using Tools > File Review > Review Message File.

Corroded Nozzles? Indicates whether the flexibility computations of API-650 Appendix P considers corrosion. By default, TANK does not consider corrosion in flexibility computations. If you select this check box, TANK uses the corrosion of the first shell course to modify the thickness used in the Appendix P computations for the design case only.

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TANK Interface 653 Corroded Hydrotest Case? Considers the HYDROTEST case in a corroded condition for API-653 runs only. The default condition is not to corrode the TEST case, which is consistent with API-650. However, you may want to specify that API-653 tanks consider a future hydrotest by assuming a corroded TEST case. If you select this check box, TANK includes the corrosion allowance that you specify in the TEST case. If you clear this check box, TANK does not consider a corrosion allowance for the TEST case. This setting is consistent with API-650, and is the default setting.

Modify Fluid Height by Pressure? Considers the effects of internal pressure in the determination of the shell course thicknesses. By default, TANK follows API-650 in computing the required shell course thicknesses (by OneFoot, Variable Point, or the Appendix A methods). However, you may need to account for internal pressure by increasing the fluid head. If you select this check box, the methodology of Section F.7.1 is implemented for all three thickness computation methods, increasing the Operating Liquid Level by (P/12G).

Full Shell Weight in Appendix F Specifies whether the corroded shell weight is used in the computations of API-650 Appendix F (for internal pressure considerations). By default, this check box is selected, which instructs TANK to use the full shell weight in Appendix F. If this check box is cleared, the software uses the corroded shell weight in the computations of Appendix F.

P in F.6 only considers P from F.4.1 Specifies whether TANK uses the methodology of Section F.4.1 when determining the value of Appendix P used in Section F.6 only. TANK does not consider the value of Pmax in Section F.4.2 when you check this option.

Use Un-Corroded Roof Weight in Appendix F Specifies whether TANK uses the uncorroded roof weight to compute DLR (roof weight + attached structural) in Appendix F.

Modify Yield Stress for Seismic per Appendix. M.3 Specifies that TANK uses Paragraph E.6.2.4 to determine the maximum allowable hoop tension membrane stress for seismic calculations. These calculations involve the material yield stress, Fy. This paragraph does not specifically state to derate the yield stress based on Appendix M. However, if you select this configuration setting, TANK derates the stress based on Appendix M.

Shell Thk Convergence Tolerance Sets the convergence tolerance for the thickness design when the variable point method is used. By default, this value is 0.0050 inches (.127mm).

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TANK Interface Cosine Curve Tolerance Alters the convergence tolerance for the solution of the optimum cosine curve. This is necessary for API- 653, Appendix B computations. If there are convergence problems with the current data set, the following steps should be taken: 1. Review and verify the shell settlement input data. 2. Adjust this convergence tolerance upward. Increasing the convergence tolerance reduces the accuracy of the solution. Alternatively, increase the iteration limit.

Cosine Curve Iteration Limit Specifies the maximum number of iterations performed by the software during the API-653, Appendix B settlement evaluation. If convergence problems exist with the current data set, try increasing the iteration limit. Increasing the iteration limit causes the solution to take longer.

Wind Girder Shell Thickness Indicates which shell course thickness the software uses in the wind girder computations. There are two choices: MAX - The wind girder computation routine uses the maximum thickness for the shell courses, obtained from the design and test cases, ignoring corrosion. The reasoning behind this setting is that the entire shell course will not be completely corroded. DESIGN - The wind girder computation routine uses the design thickness less any user specified corrosion allowance.

Shell Settlement Method Indicates which method TANK uses in computing the optimum cosine curve for determining the out- of-plane shell deflection. The available methods are: FOURIER SERIES - Implements the procedure outlined in the paper Simple Method Calculates Tank Shell Distortion, by F. A. Koczwara, published in Hydrocarbon Processing, August 1980. LEAST SQUARES - Employs a least squares approach to the solution of the optimum cosine curve.

Thickness Roundup to Nearest Specifies a thickness increment which is used to determine the final value of the shell thicknesses. TANK rounds up the computed value of thickness to the nearest multiple of the increment. For example, you set this configuration setting to 0.125 (1/8 inch) and the computed shell course thickness is 0.2671 inches, the final value reported is 0.375 inches. Setting this configuration setting to 0.0 disables thickness round up and the computed values of shell thickness are reported unaltered in the output.

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TANK Interface Plate Material Density Specifies the value to be used for the density of the plate materials. This value is used to compute the weight of the shell, roof, and bottom plates.

Round Anchor Bolts By Specifies how anchor bolts are selected by the software. By default, the number of bolts is a multiple of 4. However, any multiple can be selected. The entered value must be a whole number, such as 2, 3, 4, and so on.

Wind Moment in Appendix F Specifies the wind moment TANK uses in the computations of Appendix F. By default, the software uses the moment computed from Section 5.9.7.1 in Appendix F computations. However, if necessary, the wind moment computed from Section 5.11 can be used. The wind pressure computed according to Section 5.9.7.1 (based on the wind velocity) is used for the wind girder design. The wind pressure according to Section 5.11 is used for Over Turning Stability. This field only affects which wind moment is passed into Appendix F for the allowed pressure in Section F.4.2.

Miscellaneous Modifies the miscellaneous options of TANK. Click Tools > Configuration and review the Miscellaneous configuration settings, which specify how TANK operates. You can collapse this configuration section by clicking the arrow to the left of the name. This configuration section contains following options:

Reload Last File at Startup? Reloads the last data file active during the last TANK session. Clearing this check box causes the software to startup without data. In this condition, you must create a new input file or browse to open an existing input file.

Save to Program Directory Saves (writes) the configuration file to the program directory. If the check box is cleared (the default condition), the software saves the configuration file in the current data directory. When you save job file input, the current configuration becomes a part of the input. Subsequent changes to the configuration do not change an existing job unless you resave the input. Different data directories can exist for different projects or clients. Each data directory can contain its own configuration file, which may be unique. This allows the software to behave differently for different projects or clients. If a data directory does not contain a configuration file, TANK uses the settings from the configuration file in the product folder. In addition, whenever you open the Configuration dialog box in a new data directory, the software acquires the starting settings from the configuration file in the product folder.

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TANK Interface System Folder Location Allows you to browse and select an alternate location for the TANK system folder.

Check for Update Options Specifies the frequency in which the software checks for software updates. Choose from the following options: Daily, Weekly, Monthly, and Never. This software sets this configuration setting to Never by default.

Default Save Folder Specifies a default working folder in which the software saves your files/jobs.

No Extended ASCII Characters in Output Specifies for the software to replace extended ASCII characters with multiple characters of the same value in equations. For example, when you select this configuration option, the software replaces ½ with 1/2. Some non-English versions of Windows do not display extended ASCII characters correctly.

Database Definitions Specifies the data files the software references for units, structural shapes and materials. Click Tools > Configuration and review the Database Definitions configuration settings. You can collapse this configuration section by clicking the arrow to the left of the name. This configuration section contains the following options:

Material File Specifies the material file that TANK uses. The software scans the installation directory to determine the options shown in this configuration setting. Only valid Intergraph CAS, Inc. supplied material files display in this list.

Units File Indicates the units file that TANK uses. The software scans the current directory, followed by the installation directory, to determine the options shown in this configuration setting. TANK ignores any duplicate files found in the installation directory. The software accepts a maximum of ten unit files as options in this setting. You can generate additional custom unit files if necessary by selecting Tools > Make Unit. This box specifies which unit file the software uses to generate all subsequent new input files and all output reviews.

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TANK Interface Structural Database Specifies the structural database for use in the supported cone roof design module. Database files are supplied by Intergraph CAS, Inc. and support U.S. as well as international shape libraries. Shape libraries are available for the following countries: 

Australia



Germany



Japan



Korea



South Africa



United Kingdom



United States of America (AISC)

Anchor Bolt Database Specifies the anchor bolt database. Available options are:

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

TEMA Imperial for use with Imperial units



TEMA Metric for use with SI Units



BS-3643 for British Standard bolts



SABS-1700 for South African Bolts

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Make Unit Provides consistent units sets while providing flexibility to switch between them. Intergraph CAS, Inc. supplies four standard unit sets with TANK. In some instances additional sets may be required. You can select and set this system using Tools > Configuration. For more information on the four standard supplied units systems, see Appendix B - Standard Units Systems (on page 131). A utility program can be launched from the Tools > Make Unit to generate additional unit files. Click Tools > Make Unit top open the Units Maintenance dialog box.

From this dialog box, you can select the following options: 

Review Existing Units Files - Selects an existing unit file to apply to the custom material database.



Create a New Units File - Creates a new unit file to apply to the custom material database.



Existing File to Start From - Selects an existing unit file on which to base the new unit file.



New Units File Name - Specifies the name of the new unit file.



View/Edit File - Opens the new unit file so you can review unit specifications and make revisions, if necessary.

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TANK Interface

Material Database Editor Adds custom materials to a delivered ASME, PD:5500, or EN-13445 material database. Click Tools > Material Database Editor to open the database editor utility. The Material Database Editor does not modify the data in the material database delivered with TANK. The software saves any custom materials to a secondary database, named umat.bin. TANK saves this secondary database in the \System folder. To select custom materials in TANK input, you must merge the custom materials (i.e., those saved in the umat.bin file) back with the TANK material database using the Merge Material function.

Material Database Editor Dialog Box The controls on the Material Database Editor dialog box are: Material Name & Grade - Enter the material name. Material Grade - Enter the material grade. Material Group - Enter the material group number.

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Group

Description

Examples

1

As Rolled, Semi-killed

A 283 A 285 A 131 A A 36 Grade 235 Grade 250

2

As Rolled, Killed or Semi-killed

A 131 B A 36 G40.21-38W Grade 250

3

As Rolled, Killed Fine-Grain Practice

A 573-58 A 516-55 A 516-60 G40.21-38W Grade 250

3A

Normalized, Killed Fine-Grain Practice

A 573-58 A 516-55 A 516-60 G40.21-38W Grade 250

4

As Rolled, Killed Fine-Grain Practice

A 573-65 A 573-70 A 516-65 A 516-70 A 662 B

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As Rolled, Killed Fine-Grain Practice

A 662 C A 573-70 G40.21-44W G40.21-50W E 275 D E 355 D S 275 J2 S355

5

Normalized, Killed Fine-Grain Practice

A 573-70 A 516-65 A 516-70 G40.21-44W G40.21-50W

6

Normalized or Quenched and Tempered, Killed Fine-Grain Practice, Reduced Carbon

A 131 EH 36 A 633 C A 633 D A 537 Class 1 A 537 Class 2 A 678 A A 678 B A 737 B

Design Stress (Sd) - Represents the allowable design stress, referred to as Sd in the API code. This value is automatically registered by the software if the material was selected from the database. If necessary, the value of design allowable stress obtained from the database may be overridden by typing in a different value. For stainless steels, this value is displayed as zero, since a temperature versus allowable table is used instead. Hydro Test Stress (St) - Represents the allowable test stress, referred to as St in the API code. This value is automatically registered by the software if the material was selected from the database. If necessary, the value of test allowable stress obtained from the database may be overridden by typing in a different value. Minimum Yield Stress - Enter the material's minimum yield stress. For stainless steels, this value should be left blank and the Design Stress/Minimum Yield Strength table values defined. Minimum Tensile Stress - Enter the material's minimum tensile stress. For stainless steels, this value should be left blank and the Design Stress/Minimum Yield Strength table values defined. Maximum Tensile Stress - Enter the material's maximum tensile stress. For stainless steels, this value should be left blank. Maximum Thickness - Enter the material's maximum material thickness. For stainless steels, this value should be left blank. Design Stress - Represents the allowable design stress, referred to as Sd in the API code. This value is automatically registered by the software if the material was selected from the database.

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TANK Interface If necessary, the value of design allowable stress obtained from the database may be overridden by typing in a different value. For stainless steels, this value is displayed as zero, since a temperature versus allowable table is used instead. Minimum Yield Strength - Enter the yield stress as a function of temperature.

File Tab (Material Database Editor) Controls general operations in the Material Database Editor. The Material Database Editor > File tab contains the following commands: Save - Saves the open material to the database. Print Setup - Selects a printer and printer options. Preview/Print - Previews and prints the material file. Exit - Closes the Material Database Editor.

Home Tab (Material Database Editor) Includes standard program options used to work with materials in the database that you may use for TANK jobs. The Home tab for the Material Database Editor contains the following panels: File Panel (Material Database Editor) (on page 78) Material Panel (see "Material Panel (Material Database Editor)" on page 79) Help Panel (see "Help Panel (Material Database Editor)" on page 82)

File Panel (Material Database Editor) The Material Database Editor > File panel includes basic options you can perform on material files.

The commands associated with this panel include:

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TANK Interface Save - Saves the custom material to the Material Database Editor. When you save a material, TANK saves the data into the secondary material database, or umat.bin. You must then merge the material into the installed material database for it to display in TANK input. Print - Prints the current material record. Click the down arrow to set up the print properties for printing the material record.

Material Panel (Material Database Editor) The Material Database Editor > Material panel contains all the common commands for working with TANK materials in the database.

The commands associated with this panel include: Add New Material - Adds the custom material to the Material Database Editor secondary database, umat.bin. You must save and merge the secondary material database into the installed Material Database for the new material to appear in TANK input. For more information, see Adding a New Material (see "Add a New Material" on page 80). Edit Other Material - Edits existing material properties to a custom material. You must save and merge the edited material, for the changes to appear in TANK input. You cannot change material properties for any of the installed materials. For more information, see Editing a Material (see "Edit a Material" on page 80). Delete Current Material - Deletes the existing material from the Material Database Editor secondary database, umat.bin. You must merge the secondary material database with the installed Material Database for the deleted material to be removed in the TANK input. For more information, see Deleting a Material (see "Delete a Material" on page 80). Copy Material - Makes a copy of the current material properties so you can create a new material with similar properties. For more information, see Copying a Material (see "Copy a Material" on page 81). Merge Material - Merges the custom material with the installed material database. Once you merge custom materials, you can see them in the TANK input. For more information, see Merging Custom Materials with the TANK Material Database (see "Merge Custom Materials with the TANK Material Database" on page 81). Previous Material - Displays the previous custom material in the database.

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TANK Interface Next Material - Displays the next available custom material in the database. Database Status - Opens the Tank Material Database Status dialog box, which shows specifics about, umat.bin, or the custom material database. For more information, see Material Database Editor Dialog Box.

Add a New Material Adds a custom material to the database from the Material Database Editor. Any custom materials you add can be edited or deleted later from the custom material secondary database, umat.bin. Changes you make to custom materials must be merged back with the TANK material database to display as options in TANK input.

To add a new material to the database: 1. Click Add New Material

from the Material panel.

2. In the Material Name & Grade box, type a name for the material. 3. In the Material Grade box, type the grade. 4. In the Material Group box, type the group ID. 5. Enter the stress values for the material in the appropriate boxes. 6. Click Save

to save your changes to umat.bin.

7. Click Merge Material with the product.

to merge changes back with the TANK material database installed

Edit a Material Revises a custom material from the Material Database Editor. Any custom materials that you add can be edited or deleted later from the custom material secondary database, umat.bin. Changes you make to custom materials must be merged back with the TANK material database to display (or be removed) as options in TANK input.

To edit a material in the database: 1. Click Edit Other Material

.

2. Select the material to edit, and then click OK. 3. Edit the values as needed. 4. Click Save

to save your changes to umat.bin.

5. Click Merge Material with the product.

to merge changes back with the TANK material database installed

Delete a Material Removes a material from the Material Database Editor.

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TANK Interface Any custom materials that you delete are removed from the custom material secondary database, umat.bin. You must merge back with the TANK material database to remove the materials as options from the TANK input.

To delete a material in the database: 1. Select the material to delete. You can also use Previous Material select the material to delete. 2. Click Delete Current Material 3. Click Save

and Next Material

to scroll through and

.

to save your changes to umat.bin.

4. Click Merge Material with the product.

to merge changes back with the TANK material database installed

Copy a Material Creates a new material in the database using the properties of another material as a starting point. Any custom materials that you copy to create new materials are added to the custom material secondary database, umat.bin. You must merge back with the TANK material database for the new materials to display as options in the TANK input.

To copy a material in the database: 1. Select Edit > Copy a Material

.

2. Select the material to copy, and then click OK. You can only copy from existing current materials. You cannot copy from any of the materials installed with TANK. 3. Type a new name for the material. 4. Edit the other values as needed. 5. Click Save

to save your changes to the custom material database, umat.bin.

6. Click Merge Material with the product.

to merge changes back with the TANK material database installed

Merge Custom Materials with the TANK Material Database Updates, adds, or deletes a custom material from the Material Database Editor. The changes you make to custom materials are saved to the umat.bin secondary database. This information must be merged back with the TANK material database to display (or be removed) as options in TANK input.

To merge a material into the TANK database: 1. Make any changes, additions, or deletions to a custom material. 2. Click Save

to save your changes to umat.bin.

The Material Database Editor saves the changes to umat.bin, which is the secondary

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TANK Interface database for all custom materials. 3. Click Merge Material with the product.

to merge changes back with the TANK material database installed

The merged materials appear (or no longer appear in the case of a deleted material) in the TANK input materials boxes.

Help Panel (Material Database Editor) The Material Database Editor > Help panel contains commands to access product version information and the available TANK online help topics for the Material Database Editor. The commands associated with this panel include: About - Displays specifics about this version of the TANK Material Database Editor. Help Topics - Starts the HTML help system, and gives you access to all of the help topics for the Material Database Editor, in a hierarchical structure. In some instances, there may be links from one topic to another, providing added information on a topic if all of the links are followed. Additionally, the help system includes tables and graphics, where appropriate. In order for the HTML help system to function, Microsoft's Internet Explorer must be installed on the system.

View the Material Database Status Displays the data format, file code year, and number of materials for both the active delivered material database and your material database (umat.bin).

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Diagnostics Tab Provides a number of tools to verify the integrity of the software and determine reasons for possible program difficulties.

The commands associated with this tab include: CRC Check - Performs a CRC (cyclic redundancy check) on all of the software modules and data files in the program directory. For more information, see Checking Program Files (see "CRC Check" on page 83). Program Scanner - Scans each of the program modules and reports its internal version number. For more information, see Checking the Version Number (see "Program Scanner" on page 84). Error Review - Allows you to review the explanation for a particular error number. For more information, see Reviewing Errors (see "Error Review" on page 85).

CRC Check Performs a cyclic redundancy check (CRC) on all of the software modules and data files in the program directory.

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TANK Interface The computed CRC value for each file is compared against the one computed by the software. If the values do not match, then the file has been corrupted in some manner. Corruption could indicate bad distribution media, bad sectors on the hard disk where the software was installed, or a virus infection. If a CRC Check error occurs, the offending file must be replaced for successful program operation.

Program Scanner Scans each of the TANK program modules and report the internal version number for each. Use this utility to determine if the current installation is up-to-date. The Program Scanner detects out-of-date modules and improper program installations.

also

This utility displays the information in the ICAS Programmer Scanner dialog box, as shown in the following figure. This dialog box displays the information sorted alphabetically by program/module name by default. However, you can click on any of the column titles to re-sort the display according to the selected column.

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Error Review Displays the explanation for a particular error number. If a fatal error occurs, the software attempts to open and run this module automatically. However, if you need an explanation for a particular error at a later time, you can access this module manually by selecting Diagnostics > Error Review

.

Enter the error number and click Display Error Message for more details.

ESL Tab Provides access to various functions which allow reporting and modification of the data stored on the External Software Lock (ESL). The ESL is a physical key that is required to access the software. If there is an access problem with the ESL, most of the main menu items are disabled. However, all commands on the ESL tab are active (as well as those on the Diagnostics tab).

The commands associated with this tab include:

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TANK Interface View ESL - Displays memory registers that contain information such as version details, client name, ID number, time stamp details, and more. For more information, see Accessing Registry Details through the ESL. (see "Access Registry Details through the ESL" on page 86) Access Codes - Generates ESL access codes that you can send to Intergraph CAS support. Email or fax these numeric codes to Intergraph CAS support when requesting modifications to your TANK ESL information. Authorization Codes - Opens the Remote ESL Code Update dialog box, where you can enter the authorization codes sent to you by Intergraph CAS support. Each needed change to the ESL requires one set of four numeric codes. Each set of four codes you receive, should be entered in a single horizontal row on the grid. Install HASP - Installs the HASP device driver. Check HASP - Check the status on the HASP device driver. The software displays the device driver information in a dialog box for your review. Admin Control Center - Opens the Sentinel Admin Control Center where you can manage access to software licenses and features, as well as diagnose licensing issues. For more information on ESL or HASP, see Section 2, Licensing, in the TANK Installation Guide.

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Access Registry Details through the ESL In addition to allowing basic access to the software, the ESL key contains a set of memory registers in which your information is stored. This information consists of the client name, ID number, date or run limits, versioning information, and the time stamp of the last access. This information can be viewed by clicking View ESL Information

.

For more information on ESL, see Section 2, Licensing, in the TANK Installation Guide.

Example

Click Log File to create a .TXT file of the information, which you can send to Intergraph CAS, Inc. via fax or e-mail. The actual file name will be “ESLxxxxx.TXT”, where “xxxxx” is the ID number of the ESL. The software saves the file in the product directory. Occasionally, some of this date may require updating in the field. These updates encompass changes requested by the client, usually to extend limits, reset a date, or change the client name. The first two options of the ESL menu facilitate this task.

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TANK Interface Phone Update - Starts an interactive procedure, generates data, and accepts instructions from you. This interactive procedure requires the assistance of Intergraph CAS, Inc. personnel, to interact with you by phone. Generate Fax Codes - Displays a dialog box with three numeric codes. Send these codes to Intergraph CAS, Inc. (either by fax or e-mail) with a request for the ESL data to be modified. This option is similar to the phone update option, except that it does not require the interaction of Intergraph CAS, Inc. personnel. Receive and Enter Fax Codes - Displays a grid on which you can specify each set of four numeric codes, as generated by the Intergraph CAS, Inc. support staff. Each needed change to the ESL requires one set of four numeric codes. Each set of four codes should be entered on a single horizontal row in the grid. When all codes have been entered, click OK to enable the changes to the ESL. Use this option when you receive the reauthorization codes from Intergraph CAS, Inc.

Help Tab Contains a number of informational options, including how to access help information for using TANK and contacting support.

The commands associated with this tab include: View Tip of the Day - Displays the next tip, which the software displays at program start-up. The Tip of the Day is a collection of informative points about the software. You can disable the automatic display of the tips at start-up by deselecting Show tips at startup. Help Topics - Starts the HTML help system giving you access to all help topics in a hierarchical structure. Appropriate links, tables, and graphics are included. In order for the HTML help system to function, Microsoft's Internet Explorer must be installed on the system. You can also press F1 to display the help system during a data input session when additional information is required. After you have started the HTML help system, you can browse any other topic simply by navigating through the left pane. Additionally, the Search tab can be used to scan for a particular word or phrase. The TANK User's Guide is provided in online HTML format. The entire manual can be reviewed from this command. View User's Guide- Opens the TANK User's Guide in a PDF reader. This document is maintained in PDF format and is installed with the software. You must have a PDF reader installed on your computer to view this file.

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TANK Interface Register TANK - Starts automatically after program installation and after the first time you open the software. After the first time, this command must be used to bring up the registration form. After completing this form, click Send to transmit the data on the form to Intergraph CAS, Inc.. Check for Updates - Provides access to the Intergraph CAS, Inc. web site to determine if there is a newer update to the version of TANK currently in use. This option saves you from navigating through the Intergraph CAS, Inc. web site to determine if an update is available. This option should be launched at least once a month to ensure the software remains current. An Internet connection is required to use this option. Email Support - Generates an email message to Intergraph Technical Support. Enter your question or comment and send directly to the Intergraph Technical Support e-mail.

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SECTION 3

Build a Tank Vessel In this section, you will learn the typical TANK workflow by analyzing a simple tank. The tank has six shell courses ten feet wide arranged like this: Course

Thickness

Height

1

0.375 inches

10 feet

2

0.3125 inches

10 feet

3 to 6

0.250 inches

10 feet

Diameter: 40 feet Roof: 15° slope from horizontal, 0.4375 inch thick Material: A-516 Grade 60 Corrosion: Nil Wind Speed: 125 m.p.h.

In This Section Input Data ...................................................................................... 91 Check the Input for Errors.............................................................. 95 Analyze the Tank ........................................................................... 97 Generate Output Reports .............................................................. 101 View the Graphics Output .............................................................. 115

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Input Data In this section you will be defining the inputs for the tank.

Topics Starting TANK ................................................................................ 92 Define the Tank Data ..................................................................... 92 Define the Shell Courses ............................................................... 93 Define the Roof Specifications....................................................... 94

Starting TANK First you must start TANK and save a project file. 1. Click Start > All Programs> Intergraph CAS > TANK > TANK. You may also have a on your desktop that you can use to start TANK. TANK icon The main TANK window displays. 2. Click Home > Title Page

.

3. Type My First TANK for the Project. 4. Type My Client for the Client. 5. Type your name for the Analyst.

6. Select Home > Save. 7. Type My First Tank in the File name box, and then click Save. Make sure to note the folder in which TANK saves your file, or browse and change the folder where TANK saves the file.

Define the Tank Data Now that you have a project file, you need to define the basic tank data. 1. Select Home > Input > General Tank Data, or click General Tank Data panel.

in the Input

TANK opens the dialog box to the Tank Data tab.

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Build a Tank Vessel 2. Enter the tank data as shown.

Define the Shell Courses Next, you are ready to define the shell courses. 1. Select the Shell Courses tab. 2. Specify each shell course as 10 foot in the Height boxes. By default, the software calculates and enters the shell course Height value by dividing the Tank Shell Height by the Number of Shell Courses. However, you can edit these values as needed. 3. Type 0.3750 for the first course thickness. 4. Type 0.3125 for the second course thickness. 5. Type 0.2500 for course thicknesses four through six. TANK populates the Material, Design Stress, and Hydro Test Stress boxes based on the input data you enter on the Tank Data tab.

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Build a Tank Vessel 6. Click Save

.

Define the Roof Specifications With the general tank data and shell courses defined, you are ready to define the roof specifications. 1. Select Roof Specification Parameters

on the Home > Input panel.

TANK opens the dialog to the General Roof Specs tab. 2. For Roof Type, select Cone. 3. Type 15 for the angle between the roof and horizontal. 4. Type 5.0 for Net Area at Roof/Shell Junction. 5. Type 0.4375 for the roof plate thickness. 6. Click Save

.

7. Select the Supported Cone Roof Data tab. 8. Select AISC89.BIN for the Structural Database. 9. Select C for a preferred rafter type of Channel. 10. Select W for a preferred girder type of Wide Flange. 11. Select W for a preferred column type of Wide Flange.

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Build a Tank Vessel 12. Click

next to the Roof Plate Material box.

13. Double-click A-516,60 from the material list in the Material Selection dialog box. 14. Click

next to the Structural Member Material box.

15. Double-click A-36 from the material list in the Material Selection dialog box. TANK populates several of the other fields based on your material selections. 16. Click Save

.

Now that you've input the TANK data, you can check the input for errors.

Check the Input for Errors The input data must be validated through the Error Checker before the analysis phase is allowed to begin. The Error Checker prevents illegal or illogical data from being passed to the analysis program. The software always considers warning messages as acceptable and allows you to continue with your analysis of the tank vessel. If you disagree with the warning message or it raises concern, you should consider it as an error and modify the input accordingly prior to analyzing the TANK job. The Error Checker performs the following tasks: 

Checking for negative values where only positive values are allowed



Ensuring that the corrosion allowance does not drive the thickness to zero



Checking for API code restrictions

To perform an error check of the TANK input data 1. Select Error Check/Analyze

from the Home > Analyze panel.

TANK opens the Output Processor. 2. Review the error checking and analysis options. For more information, see Use the Output Processor (on page 102). a. If the Error Checker does not find errors, the software performs the analysis. The software color-codes any special notes or warnings found during analysis in the

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Build a Tank Vessel generated reports to make them easy to find. Review these color-coded items to verify the job. b. If the Error Checker finds errors in the TANK input, the software does not analyze the job and TANK opens the Error Check Summary Report. 3. Resolve any errors that are preventing the software from analyzing your TANK input. For more information, see Completing the Error Check Phase (see "Complete the Error Check Phase" on page 96)

Complete the Error Check Phase When the Error Checker encounters an error, the software prevents the analysis phase from starting. You must correct the input to eliminate the error and re-run the Error Checker to confirm the problem was resolved. After all of the input data has been evaluated and has passed the error check criteria, the Error Checker opens the Output Processor and displays the Error Check Summary Report. The following shows the Output Processor when a warning has occurred.

1. Review the Report List for all warnings and errors. Warnings and notes are color-coded in the Report List to make them easy to find. 2. Print, save, or export the error report. For more information, see Use the Output Processor (on page 102) 3. Resolve all errors in the TANK input. When you have finished your review of the Error Check Summary Report, exit out of the Output Processor. 4. Re-run the error check to verify that all errors have been resolved and TANK can continue to the analysis phase.

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Build a Tank Vessel If the summary report shows that errors were found, you must correct the errors before TANK can begin the analysis.

Analyze the Tank The design or analysis of the tank data occurs in the solution module. This module cannot be accessed unless the input data has been successfully error checked using Home > Analyze > Error Check/Analyze. The TANK Solution Module dialog box displays the solution progress.

This dialog box displays the current job name, the major solution steps to the analysis, and which solution steps are required by the current input data. As each solution step is entered, an asterisk displays next to the item to show the current progress. There is no user interaction or input during the solution phase. The analysis/solution phase consists of implementing the rules and equations found in the API-650 and API-653 codes. A brief overview of this phase can be found in the Solution Overview (on page 98) section.

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TANK Program Files TANK creates files to save the analysis information. File Suffix

Description

Created by

TKI

User’s input data

Input Module

TKE

Verified input data

Error Checker

LOG

Error/warning messages

Error Checker

TKO

Binary output data

Solution Module

TXT

Intermediate solution data

Solution Module

T80

Binary report data

Output Preprocessor

Binary Output Data (TKO) File After successfully completing an analysis, the analysis module creates the TKO file, which contains the solution data in binary format. The TKO file is used by subsequent modules to formulate and generate the various reports and graphics.

Message (TXT) File Occasionally, you might want to know how an iteration proceeded or the results of an intermediate computation. The message file (TXT) contains this information. As important milestones in the analysis are reached, TANK labels the newly computed data and writes it to the message file. Use this message file in the event that the software encounters an error and TANK aborts and displays a diagnostic message. Because the software aborted before an output (TKO) file exists, you cannot access the Output Processor. In this instance, review the message file for intermediate and partial solution data, which may reveal some reasons for the error. The message file is a standard ASCII text file, which can be viewed with a variety of editors or printed to the system printer. You can also access the message file from Tools > File Review > Review message file. You must select the Generate Message File? check box in Tools > Configuration > Computation Control to generate the message file. For more information, see Computational Control Tab (see "Computation Control" on page 69).

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Solution Overview The major steps performed in the solution phase are discussed in this section. Refer to codes API-650 and API-653 for additional details. 1. Wind effect - The specified wind speed is used to determine the applied wind pressure, the velocity factory, and the overturning moment. These values are used later in the computations for the wind girders and Appendix F considerations. 2. Allowable stresses for both the design and test cases - The material control routine includes considerations for reductions due to temperature from Appendix M and if necessary Appendix S and API-653 Section 2 requirements. The allowables for each shell course are determined individually based on the specified course materials. 3. Required shell course thicknesses - This thickness is based on the specified design method, either one-foot, variable point, or Appendix A. The appropriate sections of the code are implemented using the material properties to determine the thicknesses for each course for the design and test cases. Each thickness computation is then followed by a check of API-650 Section 5.6.1.1 to insure that the minimum thickness requirements of the code are met. If the input indicates that the software is to operate in analysis mode to rate an existing tank, the design and test thicknesses just computed are replaced with the users input thicknesses for subsequent computations. A note to this effect appears in the output below the thickness table when required. 4. Allowed fluid heights - This procedure involves the use of the same code sections used in the thickness determination. In the case of the variable point method, this is an iterative process. 5. Shell weight and center of gravity - The weight/center of gravity routine compares the computed shell weight with that specified by the user, and selects the maximum of the two for subsequent computations in Appendix E. 6. Overturning stability - This value is checked according to Section 5.11. 7. Wind girder requirements - The number of girders, their section moduli, and their locations are determined according to API-650 Section 5.9. Wind girder detail and size is then selected from API-650 Table 5-22. This concludes the general computations performed for each tank input data set. All subsequent computations are optional depending on user specification. 

Roof Data - If the roof data has been specified, the software evaluates, analyzes, or designs the roof. Roof evaluation involves weight summations, required thicknesses and net areas according to API-650 Sections 5.10.5 or 5.10.6. The analysis or design of a supported cone roof applies the procedures outlined in Brownell & Young. Following the roof design, the Section 5.10.3 checks are implemented.



API-650 Appendix F requirements - After the actual roof computations are completed, the API-650 Appendix F requirements are evaluated. Also note that the roof weights computed from a design are used in subsequent (seismic) computations.



Seismic requirements of API-650 Appendix E - The guidelines of this appendix are applied to the tank in three conditions: design, test, and empty.



Nozzle flexibility calculations as outlined in API-650 Appendix P - This appendix also offers guidelines on the maximum allowed nozzle loads. The software determines the

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Build a Tank Vessel flexibilities and limiting loads on up to fifteen nozzles for all three sets of shell course thicknesses (design, test, and user input). 

Grillage computations - These computations conform to the rules of API-650 Appendix I, Section 7.



Settlement limits as set forth in API-653 Appendix B - These computations use an iterative procedure to determine the optimum cosine curve which most closely represents the user's measured values of shell settlement. After the cosine curve is known, the out-of-plane settlement and out-of-plane deflection can be determined.



Service/maintenance computations - These computations are based on API-653 Section 2.



API-2000 Venting calculations.

After all sizing, roof, and seismic computations have been completed, the evaluation for the permitted cycle life according to Appendix M, Section M.4 begins. Following the cycle life calculations, the bolting requirements are checked. This procedure evaluates each of the load cases defined in Section 5.12 and determines, if necessary, the required number of bolts and the bolt size. A second pass is then made to determine the governing condition and to report a single bolt size and quantity, with the corresponding stress for each load case.

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Generate Output Reports Most of the time spent reviewing the results of a TANK analysis is in reviewing tabular reports. These reports are organized by topic. When the analysis phase completes, the Output Processor displays the various reports.

Each entry in the Report List displays a different report. Multiple reports can be selected or removed from the selection by using the CTRL key in combination with a left mouse click. The Output Processor displays the first report selected in the viewing pane to the right. For more information, see Use the Output Processor (on page 102).

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Use the Output Processor Any time you error check and analyze a job any errors or warnings display in the Output Processor. If the job completes without errors, the analysis reports displays in the Output Processor as well. You have several commands available, as shown below. In addition to the Output Processor commands listed below, keep in mind the following notes: 

To change the report page functionality or display options, click the Options tab at the bottom of the left pane. For more information, see Options Tab (on page 114).



To change where a report displays in the Report List, select the report and click Report Down or Report Up. You can also select a report and drag and drop it to a different place in the Report List.



To abort the error check phase and return to the main menu, click File > Exit.

The following commands appear on the Home tab for the Output Processor. File Panel Open - Opens an existing report, which means you are switching the output to a different job. This option opens the standard File Open dialog box that shows only those jobs who have been analyzed and have output files. Save - Saves the selected report. Print - Prints the selected report. Click the down arrow to see the following addition print options: Print to File - Prints the selected report to a text file and saves it where you indicate. Print to File Then Run Word - Prints the selected report to a text file and then opens it in Microsoft Word. When you send reports to Microsoft Word, if a file named header.doc exists in the TANK system folder, the software reads its contents uses them in the page header when TANK exports the report to Word. Therefore, you can set up a header file with the company logo and address details, should you want those to appear on your reports. Word Document - Creates the report using Microsoft Word. Previous - Displays the previous report. Next - Displays the next report.

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Edit Panel Delete - Deletes the selected report from the Report List and the generated output. Select - Selects reports or the text within reports, depending on what you select in drop-down options. Select All Report Text - Selects all the text in the currently active report. Select All Reports - Selects all the reports listed in the Report List in the Output Processor. Path - Sets an alternate path for word processing. Help Panel About - Specifies details about the program, version information, and the copyright. View Panel Highlight - Lets you enter search terms or values for the selected report. Press F3 to move to the next instance of the search term. You must click on each report in the Report List search and highlight text. Toggle Status Bar - Turns the display of the status bar at the bottom of the Output Processor on or off. Toggle Options Pane - Turns the display of the Options tab on the left pane of the Output Processor on or off. Toggle Reports List - Turns the display of the Report List tab on the left pane of the Output Processor on or off. Reset Pane Layout - Resets the layout of the Output Processor to the default display settings. You must exit out of the processor and then open it again, to see the reset layout.

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Report List Tab The Report List tab in the Output Processor displays all available reports and an error log for the current job. The reports that display in the Report List are dependent upon the TANK input you specify prior to analysis. The Examples (on page 125) sections include several example jobs with complete output report listings. Each page of output begins with a header. The header contains the user’s name, page number, job name, date, time, and software version number.

Topics Job Title Page ................................................................................ 104 User Input Data .............................................................................. 105 Error Checker LOG File ................................................................. 106 Solution Module TXT File .............................................................. 106 Wind, Material, Thickness & Weights ............................................ 107 Roof Evaluation/Design & Appendix F .......................................... 108 Seismic Analysis Results ............................................................... 111 Nozzle Flexibility & Load Results .................................................. 111 API-653 Settlement Evaluation ...................................................... 112 API-2000 5th Venting Requirements ............................................. 112 API-650 Bolting Report .................................................................. 113 API-650 Cycle Life Output ............................................................. 113 API-650 App V External Pressure ................................................. 114

Job Title Page The Job Title Page reflects the user-specified description of the tank and its associated data. Include any special notes here. This information is defined using Title Page

104

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User Input Data The User Input Data report contains the input data defined in the input module. This report can vary in length depending on the number of shell courses and nozzles defined, as well as whether or not roof, seismic, and settlement details were defined.

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Error Checker LOG File The Error Checker .LOG File report is generated by the error checker. This report contains a list of every warning message and error generated during the error check of the input data.

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Solution Module TXT File The Solution Module .TXT File report contains the contents of the message file generated by the solution module. The size of this report varies depending on which solution routines were needed and how many iterations were necessary to determine the results. The values reported in the message file are shown in English units (TANK internal system units). All other values in all of the other output reports are shown in the units system that you specified.

Wind, Material, Thickness & Weights The Wind, Material, Thickness & Weights report contains formal output data computed by TANK. It begins with a summary of the wind parameters used during the analysis, consisting of the velocity factor, the area exposed to the wind, and the wind moment. The next section of the report reflects the material properties used, including the wind girder height reduction factor. For each shell course, the material name, design allowable stress, test allowable stress, and Appendix M reduction factor are listed. The next section of the report details the final shell course thicknesses for the design and test cases. The user-defined shell course thickness is also reported here, as well as the minimum allowed metal temperature as obtained from API-650 Figure 2-1. The thickness used in implementing this Figure is the maximum of the design and test cases. For API-653 analysis, the next section of the output contains a table showing the retiring thickness and remaining corrosion allowance for each course. The next section of the report details the allowed fluid heights for the design and test cases, as well as the required fluid height is also shown in the table. The next section includes the annular base plate thickness and width, the weight of the shell, and the center of gravity of the shell. The next section details the results of the "wind overturning stability check", based on API-650 Section 5.11.

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Build a Tank Vessel The next section of this report details the results of the wind girder computations. This includes the required section modulus for both the top and intermediate wind girders, as well as the maximum height of the unstiffened shell. Following this information is a table showing the wind girder requirements as a result of the transformed section method. For each wind girder required, the geometry detail and angle size are also reported. If Detail e is required, the b dimension is also included in the report. The final section of this report presents a weight summary of the various tank components.

Roof Evaluation/Design & Appendix F The Roof Evaluation/Design report details the results of the design or analysis of supported cone roofs, and the results of the computations made according to the rules of API-650 Appendix F. The roof report begins with the required thickness and actual weight of the roof plates, and the design roof load.

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Build a Tank Vessel If a supported cone roof was designed or analyzed, the resulting structural member sizes and loads are reported next. This information begins with the number of girder rings, the radius to each girder ring, and the number and length of the girders in each ring. This report is shown below.

Also shown above are the rafter details. This information includes the number of rafters in each rafter ring, the spacing on the outer girders, the number of rafters resting on the outer girders, the spacing on the inner girders, the number of rafters resting on the inner girders, and the rafter length. Note that at the center of the tank, and at the shell, the number of rafters per girder is reported as zero. The next section of the (supported cone roof) report details the rafter and girder sizing parameters. This information includes the unit load on the member, the selected cross section, the required section modulus, and the actual section modulus. This information is provided for each rafter and girder ring, and is shown below.

The next section of the (supported cone roof) report details the column sizing parameters. This information begins with the column load, height, allowable compressive stress, and required

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Build a Tank Vessel radius of gyration. This is followed by the selected cross section, the actual compressive stress, and the actual radii of gyration. This information is shown below.

Following the column sizing details is the summary of the checks made according to Section 5.10.3. These checks determine the acceptability of the structural elements based on allowable stresses and unbraced lengths.

Following these checks is a weight summary of the supported cone roof components. Following the roof design/analysis report are the results of the Appendix F computations. This information begins with the uplift force due to internal pressure and the resisting force due to tank weight. This information is followed by the maximum design pressure limited by uplift, the maximum pressure at the roof/shell junction, and the compression ring failure pressure. All pressures are reported in the user’s units for pressure and in “inches of water”, an API unit. The last section of the roof report shows the required area of the roof/shell junction as per Section F.5, and either 5.10.5 or 5.10.6.

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Seismic Analysis Results The Seismic Analysis Results report details the results of the computations made according to the rules of API-650 Appendix E. These computations were made for three cases: design fluid, test fluid, and empty.

Nozzle Flexibility & Load Results The Nozzle Flexibility & Load Results report details the results of the computations made according to the rules of API-650 Appendix P. These computations were made for three cases: design shell thickness, test shell thickness, and user input thickness. For each case, the flexibilities, deflection, rotation, and limiting loads on the nozzle are reported. This information is repeated for each nozzle defined in the input.

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API-653 Settlement Evaluation The Settlement Checks report details the results of the computations made according to the rules of API-653 Appendix B. This report provides the maximum allowed out-of-plane deflection and a table showing the out-of-plane settlement at each of the measurement points. This table also includes the settlement measurements, the optimum cosine curve through these measured points, the out-of-plane settlement, and the out-of-plane deflection.

API-2000 5th Venting Requirements The API-2000 5th Venting Requirements report details the results of the computations made according to Section 4.3 of API-2000. This report provides the venting requirements for inbreathing, outbreathing and fire exposure. An example of the venting report is shown below.

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API-650 Bolting Report The bolting report details the results of the computations made for Section 5.12. There are two sections to this report. The first section contains the uplift and load per bolt for the various load cases. The second section shows the required number of bolts, the required bolt diameter, and the resulting bolt stress for each of the various load cases.

API-650 Cycle Life Output The cycle life report details the results of the computations made for Appendix M. The report lists the exclusions and checks made, as well as the number of allowed cycles.

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API-650 App V External Pressure The API-650 App V External Pressure report details the result of the computations made for Appendix V.

Options Tab The Options tab in the Output Processor defines report options, such as page numbers and font settings.

Paging Options Starting Page - Overrides the starting page number for this group of reports. Use this function when you have to combine multiple reports into a single report and need the page numbers to be sequential throughout. Ending Page - Overrides the ending page number for this group of reports. If this value is zero and the Starting Page value is greater than zero, then the software does not display the ending page number. Page Numbers - Select to print page numbers in the report header. Page Headings - Select to print the page heading on each page.

Fonts Page Heading - Defines the text font for the heading text. Major Level - Defines the font for the text in the main report sections. Minor Level - Defines the font for the text in the minor report divisions. Normal Text - Define the text font for the report data.

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View the Graphics Output When the software completes the analysis of a tank, the output options are available. These options include both text based reports and graphics, and graphic viewing through the software interface. You can view the graphics model of an analyzed tank in 2D or 3D views. To change between the two possible views, click the tabs that appear below the graphic model.

The software defaults the view displayed when you open a job to the view you most recently used. The following sections explain the 3D and 2D views and the options available from each view.

3D View Select 3D View at the bottom of the graphics model of an anlalyzed tank to view the actual tank geometry in three dimensions. This section describes the 3D view and context menu options available on this view 

The software displays the 3D model, upon input. However, certain elements do not appear until you analyze the tank.



You can view and save output in 2D view by clicking 2D View at the bottom of the graphics model.

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Build a Tank Vessel You can quickly view basic details about tank elements by pressing CTRL and hovering over the element.

In addition to showing the outer surfaces, you can also view the 3D model in different shading modes, such as flat shaded and Gourard. The software also supports operations, such as panning, zooming, and model rotation. Right-click anywhere on the 3D view to display the context menu. The toolbar for performing some basic operations appears on the right side view. For more information, see 3D Graphics Toolbar. Options - Activates the Plot Properties dialog with which you can customize the colors of elements in the display. Visibility - Select and clear the different options to display and hide that element in the 3D graphics view. For example, you might want to hide the roof to get a better view inside of the tank shell. The elements are not deleted from the model, just hidden. Render Mode - Select how you want the surfaces and edges to display on the model. Choose between Flat Shaded (shows objects with shaded surfaces and outlined edges) or Gouraud Shaded (shows the objects with shaded surfaces and smooth edges). View Orthographic - Displays all objects the same relative size regardless of the distance from the observer.

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Build a Tank Vessel View Perspective - Specifies that the view should display the tank using perspective rendering. Perspective rendering is characterized by:



The size of objects appears smaller as their distance from the observer increases.



The size of object dimensions along the line of sight is smaller relative to the dimensions across the line of sight.

Save 3D Model as HTML - Saves an HTML file of the 3D model in the folder where the original TANK job was located. The software prompts you with the file location. Click OK. Save 3D Model as - Allows you to save the 3D model in the following formats: HTML, TIF, HSF, BMP, and JPEG or JPG. The software defaults to the folder where the original TANK job was located. However, you can browse and save the file to another location.

3D Graphics Toolbar The 3D graphics toolbar controls how your model displays in the 3D View. By default, this toolbar displays vertically on the right side of the graphics window. You can toggle the 3D graphics toolbar off and on using the quick access toolbar customization command (black drop-arrow) in the top left-corner of the main window.

Pre-defined Views - Changes the current view to front, back, top, bottom, left, right view or a standard isometric view. Zoom Extents - Resizes the model so that it fits in the current window. Zoom Window - Use the mouse to draw a window around the portion of the model that you want to zoom in on. This is a rubber band zoom. Alternately, spin the mouse wheel to zoom in and out. Orbit - Rotates the model in any direction using the mouse. Click the right mouse button and move the mouse to rotate the model. Turntable Orbit - Rotates the model about the Y-axis. Pan - Translates the model in the direction the mouse is dragged. Pressing the mouse wheel and holding it down while moving the mouse will also pan the model. Zoom Camera - Zooms in or out. Click this button, then press the left mouse button and move the mouse diagonally across the screen to zoom in or out. Alternately, spin the mouse wheel to zoom in and out. Select by Window - Selects details that are inside a fence that you define.

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Build a Tank Vessel Select By Click - Allows the selection of a detail for further manipulation. Translate Detail - Translates the selected detail in the view. This toolbar option is not available in the TANK product. Insert Cutting Plane - Inserts a cutting plane when you click this button and then click anywhere in the window. You can then rotate the cutting plane after it has been initiated. The rotating plane exposes the various layers of the vessel. The visibility of the cutting plane can then be turned off after the view is set. To restore the model, right- click in the 3D window and choose Delete Cutting Plane. Transparency - The main exterior shells of the model are transparent. Show Nozzle List - Displays list of nozzles in a list box. The list allows a nozzle to be located in the model for editing. This toolbar option is not available in the TANK product. Options - Element and detail colors are supported using the Options selection. After being set, the software recalls them in subsequent sessions. This option is also available when you right-click on the model window and select Properties. The Options dialog box displays as shown below. If any of the colors are changed, click Apply to update the new color selections.

2D View Click Home > 2D Plot and select 2D View at the bottom of the graphics model to view the 2D View of the graphic output. This section describes the 2D view options and the graphics produced for subsequent printing or capturing. The software disables the 2D Plot panel in the following situations: 

You must run the analysis on the job before you can view the graphics output.



You must select 2D View for the graphics output below the model.

Plot Menu The Home > 2D Plot panel provides commands that let you use the graphics processor to model tank sketches, plot shell settlement data, create nozzle interaction diagrams, and plot supported cone roof sketches. For more information on graphics processing, see View the Graphics Output (on page 115).

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Build a Tank Vessel



The 2D Plot panel is inactive until you add TANK data and shell courses to your TANK job and analyze or save the job. Once you save the job, the software activates the 2D Plot panel.



You must add a cone roof to your job or TANK does not plot the information.



You must have the 2D View selected below the model for the 2D Plot panel options.

The commands associated with this panel include: Plot Tank Elevation - Produces the basic tank sketch. For more information, see Plot Tank Elevations (on page 119). Plot Settlement - Plots the shell settlement data. For more information, see Plot Settlements (see "Plot Shell Settlements" on page 120). Plot Nozzle - Plots the first nozzle interaction diagram. For more information, see Nozzle Interaction Diagrams (see "Plot Nozzle Specifications" on page 121) Plot Cone Roof - Plots the supported cone roof sketch. For more information, see Supported Cone Roof Sketches (on page 123).

The available 2D graphic plots are: 

A general tank sketch showing plate layouts and overall dimensions



A pair of nozzle interaction diagrams, used to check the conformance of the nozzle to API-650 Appendix P



A sketch of the results of the supported cone roof design



A plot of the shell settlement and optimum cosine curve results

Each of these graphic plots is discussed in the sections that follow. You can view and save output in 3D view by clicking 3D View at the bottom of the graphics model.

Plot Tank Elevations The Plot > Plot Tank Elevations option in the local graphics environment generates an overall tank sketch with a number of optional details. The tank sketch is useful to get an overall representation of the size of the tank. Click the down arrow on the Plot Tank Elevations icon to access several additional functions. 

Use Plot Tank Elevations > Show Course Labels to show or hide the course height and material thickness values in the plot. These labels appear in the lower right and start with C1, C2, C2, and so forth.

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Build a Tank Vessel 

Use Plot Tank Elevations > Display tank dimensions to show or hide the course height, material thickness, and general tank dimensions that appear at the top of the plot.



Use Plot Tank Elevations > Enter tank dimensions to update specifications on the plate length and offset. The tank elevation plot updates as soon as you click OK in the Tank Dimensions dialog box.

The following shows an example of a tank elevation plot.

Plot Shell Settlements The Plot > Plot Settlement option in the local graphics environment produces XY type plots detailing the shell settlement evaluation according to API-653 Appendix B. Click the down arrow on the Plot Settlement icon to access additional display options for the settlement plot.

120



Use Plot Settlement > Plot measured elevations to show or hide the measured elevations on the plot.



Use Plot Settlement > Plot optimum cosine curve to show or hide the optimum cosine curve on the plot.



Use Plot Settlement > Plot out-of-plan deflection to show or hide the out-of-plane deflection on the plot.

TANK User's Guide

Build a Tank Vessel 

Use Plot Settlement > Display Plot Legend to show or hide the legend on the plot.



Use Plot Settlement > Spline all data for display to spline the plot data. Splining the data smooths the plot points into curves and makes for better presentations.

The settlement plot uses two Y-axes. The far left Y-axis is for the out-of-plane deflection curve. The Y-axis closest to the curves is for the measured and optimum cosine curves. These axes and their associated curves are shown in different colors for better visualization. The settlement plot positions the curves on an X-axis showing the relative angular position around the tank circumference from the point of maximum settlement. The settlement plot also includes a secondary X-axis which shows the location of the actual measurement points.

Plot Nozzle Specifications The Plot > Plot Nozzle option in the local graphics environment constructs the nozzle plot diagrams of API-650 Appendix P, necessary to determine if a nozzle is overloaded. Click the down arrow on the Plot Nozzle icon to access several additional functions. 

Use Plot Nozzle > Select nozzle for display to select which nozzle to plot. The number of nozzles you can select in this option depends upon your TANK input. You can add up to 15 nozzles to the TANK input.



Use Plot Nozzle > Use "design" thickness to display the design thickness on the nozzle plot.



Use Plot Nozzle > Use "test" thickness to display the test thickness on the nozzle plot.



Use Plot Nozzle > Use "user input" thickness to display the user input thickness on the nozzle plot.

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Build a Tank Vessel 

Use Plot Nozzle > Longitudinal to display the nozzle plot from the longitudinal perspective.



Use Plot Nozzle > Circumferential to display the nozzle plot from the circumferential perspective.

The resulting nozzle plot shows the interaction point as an asterisk. The location of this point is determined on the plot using the input values of applied piping loads. If piping loads are not specified, the interaction point plots at the origin. For the nozzle to meet the criteria of API-650 Appendix P, the interaction point must plot inside the diagram. The following examples show nozzle plot diagrams from the longitudinal and the circumferential perspectives.

Longitudinal Nozzle Plot Diagram Example

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Circumferential Nozzle Plot Diagram Example

Supported Cone Roof Sketches The Plot > Plot Cone Roof option in the local graphics environment to display the roof design when a supported cone roof has been designed and entered into TANK input. These roof sketches are not shown to scale and are provided for information purposes only. Click the down arrow on the Plot Cone Roof icon to access several additional functions. 

Use Plot Cone Roof > Show cross section sizes to show or hide the lengths of the cross section structures on the roof.



Use Plot Cone Roof > Show element lengths to show or hide the lengths of the various roof elements.



Use Plot Cone Roof > Show quantities to show or hide the number of elements on the roof.

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Build a Tank Vessel The following shows a plot of a typical cone roof sketch.

. Cone Roof Sketch Example

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Examples

SECTION 4

Examples This section discusses several example jobs that illustrate the proper definition of input data and presents solutions to some of the examples found in the code. The example jobs are delivered to C:\ProgramData\Intergraph CAS\TANK\5.00\Examples.

In This Section Example Problem APP_K .............................................................. 125 Example Problem O_WC............................................................... 125 Example Problem A_WC ............................................................... 125 Example Problem KOCZWARA..................................................... 126 Example Problem B&Y .................................................................. 126 Example Problem SSTEST1 ......................................................... 126 Example Problem TEST1 .............................................................. 126 Example Problem SSC1 ................................................................ 126 Example Problem APP_P .............................................................. 126 Example Problem EXTERN01 ....................................................... 126 Example Problem SEIS01 ............................................................. 126

Example Problem APP_K The example problem illustrating the application of the Variable Point design method for shell thickness computations according to Appendix K is located at \examples\app_k.tki.

Example Problem O_WC The example problem illustrating the shell thickness computations, as defined by the One Foot method, is located at \examples\o_wc.tki.

Example Problem A_WC The example problem illustrating the shell thickness computations, as defined by Appendix A of API-650, is located at \examples\a_wc.tki.

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Examples

Example Problem KOCZWARA The example problem illustrating the application of the Fourier Series solution to the optimum cosine curve in the determination of the API-653 Appendix B out-of-plane settlement computations, (as defined in a paper by Koczwara) is located at \examples\koczwara.tki.

Example Problem B&Y The example problem illustrating the design of supported cone roofs according to the procedures outlined in Brownell & Young is taken from the text Process Equipment Design by Brownell & Young. For more information, see the file \examples\b&y.tki.

Example Problem SSTEST1 The example problem illustrating the implementation of the rules in API-650 Appendix S, for stainless steel tanks, including the necessary modifications for the high temperature sections of Appendix M, is located at \examples\sstest1.tki.

Example Problem TEST1 The example problem illustrating the general computations performed for typical tank is located at \examples\test1.tki.

Example Problem SSC1 The example problem illustrating the computations performed for Appendix E, Seismic Considerations is located at \examples\ssc1.tki.

Example Problem APP_P The example problem illustrating the computations performed for low tank nozzles according to Appendix P is located at \examples\app_p.tki.

Example Problem EXTERN01 This example problem illustrates the external pressure performed according to Appendix V.

Example Problem SEIS01 This example problem illustrates the seismic computations performed according to Appendix E.

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Appendix A - Program File List

APPENDIX A

Appendix A - Program File List This section lists the files distributed with TANK. The lists correspond to the program sets manipulated by the installation program.

In This Appendix Main Set ......................................................................................... 127 Help & Error Processing Set .......................................................... 128 English Text Set ............................................................................. 128 API Data Set .................................................................................. 128 Examples Data Set ........................................................................ 129

Main Set APIOUT.EXE

Output preprocessor

APISOLV.EXE

Solution module

COADEXE.EXE

EXE file scanner

CRCCHK.EXE

CRC check program

MAKEUNIT.EXE

Units generation module

MATEDIT.EXE

Material database editor

OUTPUT.EXE

Output report review processor

TANK.EXE

Main program

TKERCK.EXE

Error check module

OUTWORD.DLL

Support dll

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Appendix A - Program File List

Help & Error Processing Set API01.EXE - Input module help data file API02.EXE - Input module help pointer file TKER01A.EXE - Diagnostic error message data file TKER01B.EXE - Diagnostic error message data file TKER01Z.EXE - Diagnostic error message data file TKER02A.EXE - Diagnostic error message pointer file TKER02B.EXE - Diagnostic error message pointer file TKER02Z.EXE - Diagnostic error message pointer file TKERROR.EXE - Diagnostic error processor TKSET01.EXE - Configuration program help data file TKSET02.EXE - Configuration program help pointer file TANK.CHM - Help file TIPS.TXT - Tip of the day file

English Text Set SCREEN1.TXT - Messages for input processor SCREEN3.TXT - Messages for analysis module SCREEN4.TXT - Messages for output processing TITLE.HED - Title page template file

API Data Set A650_88.MAT - 1988 API-650 material database A650_93.MAT - 1993 API-650 material database A650_94.MAT - 1994 API-650 material database A650_94I.MAT - 1994 API-650 material database plus international materials A650_95.MAT - 1995 API-650 material database A650_95I.MAT - 1995 API-650 material database plus international materials A650_96.MAT - 1996 API-650 material database A650_96I.MAT - 1996 API-650 material database plus international materials A650_97.MAT - 1997 API-650 material database A650_97I.MAT - 1997 API-650 material database plus international materials

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Appendix A - Program File List A650_98.MAT - 1998 API-650 material database A650_98I.MAT - 1998 API-650 material database plus international materials A650_00.MAT - 2000 API-650 material database A650_00I.MAT - 2000 API-650 material database plus international materials A650_03.MAT - 2003 API-650 material database A650_05.MAT - 2005 API-650 material database A650_08.MAT - 2008 API-650 material database A650_09.MAT - 2009 API-650 material database A650_11.MAT - 2011 API-650 material database A650_12.MAT - API-650 12th Edition material database AISC89.DAT - Structural database file API650.DIG - Digitized data from API-650 App P ENGLISH.FIL - ENGLISH units file MM.FIL - Millimeter units file MPH.FIL - ENGLISH units file with MPH wind speed SI.FIL - SI units file T2A.EXE - Data from API-2000 Table 2A T322.EXE - Data from Table 3-22 XX.CRC - CRC check data

Examples Data Set The example files are delivered to C:\ProgramData\Intergraph CAS\Tank\version\Examples. TEST1.TKI - Sample input for variable point method. APP_P.TKI - Example nozzle flexibility calcs from Appendix P. APP_K.TKI - Example thickness calcs from Appendix K. A_WC.TKI - Sample input for Appendix A method. O_WC.TKI - Sample input for One-Foot method. KOCZWARA.TKI - Sample input for API-653 Appendix B shell settlement. B&Y.TKI - Example roof design from Brownell & Young. SSTEST1.TKI - Stainless steel example. SSC1.TKI - Example seismic computations for Appendix E. EXTERN01.TKI - Example computations for Appendix. SEIS01.TKI - Example seismic computations for Appendix E.

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Appendix A - Program File List

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APPENDIX B

Appendix B - Standard Units Systems This appendix discusses the four standard units sets distributed with TANK. You can use the units generator to create additional sets if necessary.

English Units File

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Appendix B - Standard Units Systems MPH (miles per hour) Units File

SI Units File

MM Units File

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APPENDIX C

Appendix C - List of Materials This section discusses the Material Database. When the Material Database is accessed from the input module, the following properties are returned for each material, as applicable: 

Allowable design stress



Allowable test stress



Minimum yield stress



Minimum tensile stress



Maximum thickness



Grade



Group

In This Appendix * ASTM Standards ..........................................................................133 * CSA Standards ............................................................................134 * National Standards .......................................................................134 * ISO 630 ........................................................................................134 * Stainless Steels (Temperature Dependent) .................................135 * Duplex Stainless Steels (Temperature Dependent) ....................135 * Unknown For API-653 ..................................................................135

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Appendix C - List of Materials

* ASTM Standards A-283 A-285 A-131,A A-131,B A-131,CS A-36 A-131,EH36 A-573,58 A-573,65 A-573,70 A-516,55 A-516,60 A-516,65 A-516,70 A-662,B A-662,C A-537,1 A-537,2 A-633,C A-633,D A-678,A A-678,B A-737 A-841,1 A-841,2

* CSA Standards G40.21 G40.21 G40.21 G40.21 G40.21 G40.21

38W 38WT 44W 44WT 50W 50WT

* National Standards NS,235 NS,250 NS,275

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Appendix C - List of Materials

* ISO 630 E-275t,C E-275,C E-275t,D E-275,D E-355,C E-355t,C E-355m,C E-355,D E-355t,D E-355m,D

C C D D C C C D D D

* Stainless Steels (Temperature Dependent) SS-304 SS-304L SS-316 SS-316L SS-317 SS-317L SS-201-1 SS-201LN

* Duplex Stainless Steels (Temperature Dependent) S31803 S32003 S32101 S32202 S32205 S32304 S32550 S32520 S32750 S32760

* Unknown For API-653 UNKNOWN

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Appendix C - List of Materials

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APPENDIX D

Appendix D - Default Configuration Directives Ver. 6.00 ROOF_PROJECTION_IN_WIND_MOMENT= YES 10%_PLUS_5_PSF_IN_WIND_MOMENT= YES SHELL_THICK_CONVERG_TOLERANCE= 4.9999999e-003 GENERATE_MESSAGE_FILE= NO COSINE_CURVE_TOLERANCE= 3.0000001e-001 COSINE_CURVE_ITERATION_LIMIT= 1.0000000e+002 WIND_GIRDER_SHELL_THICKNESS= MAX SHELL_SETTLEMENT_METHOD= FOURIER_SERIES CORRODED_NOZZLES= NO SECT_3.11_WIND_PRESSURE= 1.8000000e+001 653_CORRODED_HYDROTEST_CASE= NO UPLIFT_IN_MIN_ANCHORAGE_E.6= YES THICKNESS_ROUNDUP_TO_NEAREST= 0.0000000e+000 PLATE_MATERIAL_DENSITY= 2.8360000e-001 MODIFY_FLUID_HEIGHT_BY_PRESSURE= NO ROUND_ANCHOR_BOLTS_BY= 4.0000000e+000 WIND_MOMENT_IN_APP_F Sect_5.9.7.1 FULL_SHELL_WEIGHT_IN_APP_F YES USE_P_FROM_F.4.1_ONLY_IN_F.6= NO USE_NON_CORRODED_ROOF_WEIGHT_AS_DLR= NO YIELD_FOR_SEISMIC_IS_DERATED_FOR_TEMPERATURE= NO SAVE_TO_SYSTEM_DIR NO MATERIAL_FILE= A650_12.mat UNITS_FILE= ENGLISH.FIL STRUCTURAL_DATA_BASE= AISC89.BIN BOLT_DATA_BASE= TEMA-Imperial

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1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 61 62 63 64

1 1 1

1 1 1 1 1

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

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Appendix D - Default Configuration Directives

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APPENDIX E

Appendix E - Selected References 

API-650, American Petroleum Institute, Twelfth Edition, March 2013 (Including Errata July 2013).



API-653, American Petroleum Institute, Fourth Edition, April 2009 (Including Addendum 1-3).



API-620, American Petroleum Institute, Sixth Edition, November 2009.



Process Equipment Design, Brownell & Young, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 1959.



Simple Method Calculates Tank Shell Distortion, F. A. Koczwara, Hydrocarbon Processing, August 1980.



Criteria for Settlement of Tanks, Marr, Ramos, and Lambe, Journal of the Geotechnical Engineering Division, Proceedings of the American Society of Civil Engineers, Vol 108, August 1982.



Ovalization of Cylindrical Tanks as a Result of Foundation Settlement, Malik, Morton, and Ruiz, Journal of Strain Analysis, Vol 12, No 4, 1977.



Stiffness Coefficients and Allowable Loads for Nozzles in Flat-Bottom Storage Tanks, Billimoria, and Hagstrom, Journal of Pressure Vessel Technology, November 1978.



Experimental Investigation of Stiffness Coefficients and Allowable Loads for a Nozzle in a Flat Bottom Storage Tank, Billimoria and Tam, American Society of Mechanical Engineers, August 1980.



Improve Storage Tank Inspections, Hendrix & Carucci, Hydrocarbon Processing, January 1995.



Nozzle Stresses Resulting from Piping Loads at Low Type Nozzles in API-650 Storage Tanks, Lengsfeld, Bardia, and Taagepera, PVP Vol 315, ASME 1995.



An Evaluation of Procedures for Determining the Fitness-For-Service of Settled Aboveground Storage Tanks, Osage, Parikh, and Horwege, PVP Vol 315, ASME 1995.



FDA VS API-650 for Low Tank Nozzles, Lengsfeld, Bardia and Taagepera, PVP Vol 336, ASME 1996.



Recent Developments in API Tankage Standards, Smith, PVP Vol 336, ASME 1996.



Frangible Roof Joint Behavior of Cylindrical Oil Storage Tanks Designed to API 650 Rules, Lu, Swenson, and Fenton, Transactions of the ASME, Vol. 118, August 1996.



Revise Storage Tank Inspections, Carucci & Ay, Hydrocarbon Processing, October 1996.



Above Ground Storage Tanks, Philip E. Myers, McGraw-Hill, 1997.



API-2000, America Petroleum Institute, Fifth Edition, April 1998.



Stiffness Coefficients for Nozzles in API-650 Tanks, Lengsfeld, Bardia, Taagepera, Hathaitham, LaBounty, and Lengsfeld, PVP-1279, ASME, 2002.

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Appendix E - Selected References

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APPENDIX F

Appendix F - Revision History This section lists the revision history of TANK.

In This Appendix Version 5.00 Changes (4/13) ......................................................... 141 Version 4.00 Changes (3/12) ......................................................... 142 Version 3.30 Changes (9/10) ......................................................... 142 Version 3.20 Changes (9/09) ......................................................... 142 Version 3.10 Changes (9/08) ......................................................... 142 Version 3.00 Changes (11/07) ....................................................... 143 Version 2.55 Changes (10/05) ....................................................... 143 Version 2.50 Changes (3/04) ......................................................... 143 Version 2.40 Changes (7/02) ......................................................... 143 Version 2.30 Changes (2/02) ......................................................... 144 Version 2.20 Changes (9/00) ......................................................... 144 Version 2.10 Changes (5/00) ......................................................... 144 Version 1.60 / 2.00 Changes (1/99) ............................................... 144 Version 1.51 Changes (9/97) ......................................................... 145 Version 1.50 Changes (5/97) ......................................................... 145 Version 1.40 Changes (9/96) ......................................................... 146 Version 1.31 Changes (2/96) ......................................................... 146 Version 1.30 Changes (8/95) ......................................................... 147 Version 1.20 Changes (11/94) ....................................................... 147 Version 1.10 Changes (6/94) ......................................................... 148

Version 5.00 Changes (4/13) 

Tabbed ribbon interface with a Microsoft Office 2007/2010 look 

Multiple color options (blue, silver, and black) for the window in Options > Themes



Large, medium, or small icon options in the main menu



Simplified analysis options with error notifications in the output



Added formulas and substitutions for many of the calculations (Wind, Seismic, Thickness, etc.)



Enhanced report printing with a "straight-to-PDF" option that you can use from the input, output, or graphics modules



Included more robust Output Processor features, such as:

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Appendix F - Revision History 



Report re-ordering with drag-and-drop functionality 

Text searching (highlighting) in reports



Print-to-PDF capability



Select all text in a report



Select all reports at one time



Color-coded report names, which display warnings and errors



Enhanced new computation control options that tailor how analysis proceeds

Updated documentation guides and help files

Version 4.00 Changes (3/12) 

Implemented API-650 11th Edition Addendum 3 changes. This extensive Addendum changed many formulas. These formula changes will cause the answers to be different from those computed in previous versions (in many but not all cases).



Added user defined wind pressure vs. Elevation Input.



Added calculations for Anchor chairs per AISI.



The user interface has been through a minor update.



The output processor has been updated.

Version 3.30 Changes (9/10) 

Implemented the changes for API-650 11th Edition Addendum 2.

Version 3.20 Changes (9/09) 

Implemented API -650 11th Edition Addendum 1.



Implemented API-653 4th Edition.



Relocated \System & \Examples to %alluserprofile%.

Version 3.10 Changes (9/08)

142



Implemented API -650 11th Edition.



Added additional Bolt Tables TEMA Metric, BS3643, South African Bolt.



Colorized the Output Report text to denote failures and highlights.

TANK User's Guide

Appendix F - Revision History

Version 3.00 Changes (11/07) th



Incorporated changes to address Addendum 4 API - 650 10 Edition.



Incorporated changes to address Addendum 2 API - 653 3 Edition.



Added a Wind Parameter input dialog.



Added several minor changes as requested by users.

rd

Version 2.55 Changes (10/05) 

Added input fields and associated handling for insulation thickness and insulation density.



Added many “text” changes to the output, to provide more information and detail.



Added JIS structural steel shape library.



Upgraded hardware lock to Aladdin’s latest HL key

Version 2.50 Changes (3/04) 

Incorporated the computations for Cycle Life from API-650 Appendix M.



Included an alternate method to determine nozzle stiffnesses, from PVP-1279.



Incorporated API-650 10th Edition, Addendum 3.



Incorporated API-653 3rd Edition, Addendum 1.



Revised the output processor, for easier usage.



Since bolting data is now a required input, this dialog has been moved from the Seismic section to the General Tank Data section.



Incorporated the ability to check for web site updates.



Revised documentation.

Version 2.40 Changes (7/02) 

Updated software to comply with API-650 10th Edition.



Updated software to comply with API-653 3rd Edition.



Added dynamic tank sizing control to the sizing scratch-pad.

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Appendix F - Revision History

Version 2.30 Changes (2/02) 

Added functionality allowing Tank output to be sent to Microsoft Word increasing formatting capabilities



Added [D]efault buttons to the Configuration dialog enabling users to reset the directive to its default value with a single click



Modified the Error Checker module to notify users of fatal errors when run in batch mode



Simplified use of user-defined materials. The user material file no longer needs to be manually merged with the COADE supplied material database. This operation is performed in memory by the input processor when necessary.



Added Animated Tutorials to the Help menu



Added on-line Software registration. This provides better capability to notify users of software updates.

Version 2.20 Changes (9/00) 

Corrosion is now considered in Section E.4.6.



The materials of API-650 Table 3-2 have been modified according to Addendum 1.



The default configuration has been modified to include uplift due to pressure in the computations of Section E.6.1, as a result of Addendum 1.



Re-digitization of the curves in Figures E.2 through E.4

Version 2.10 Changes (5/00) 

Compliance with API-650 10th Edition



Compliance with API-653 2nd Edition, Addendum 3



Incorporated API-2000 venting computations



Modified API-620 sloshing wave height in accordance with latest API-620 revision

Version 1.60 / 2.00 Changes (1/99) 

Conversion to native Windows application



Incorporation of HTML help system



On-line documentation

API-650 Changes:

144



The material database has been updated to reflect the changes to Table 3-2. This involved removing both A442 materials.



Appendix F no longer forces a redesign utilizing Appendix A.

TANK User's Guide

Appendix F - Revision History 

Appendix I changed the equation for the maximum deflection by raising a term in the denominator to the 3rd power.



Section 3.4.2 has been incorporated, which insures that the bottom plate diameter is at least D + 2 inches.



A modification has been made to the implementation of Section 3.5.2, to include the bottom shell course thickness.



Allowances have been made to enable metric jobs to utilize 6 mm plate as the minimum thickness instead of 0.25 inch plate.

API-653 Changes: 

The equations for determining the allowable stress have been modified as per the recent addendum.



Incorporated a recent Code Interpretation stating that the Appendix M reduction factor should be applied to both terms in the allowable stress determination.



Modified the basic thickness equation in accordance with the recent addendum (it no longer subtracts 1 foot from the fluid height).



Incorporated the new computations for the allowed hydrotest height.



Modified the allowed settlement measurement points from 30 ft to 32 ft around the circumference, in accordance with the recent addendum.

Version 1.51 Changes (9/97) 

API-653 Addendum 1 updates (December 1996) incorporated. Note, this addendum changes the equation used in computing the allowable stress for the thickness design of shell courses 1 and 2!



Added Double-I beams to AISC structural database.



Added roof-plate corrosion allowance and center column cap diameter to roof input spreadsheet.



Added multiple structural steel databases (includes five overseas databases).



Allowances for “user specified” time/date stamps on output reports.

Version 1.50 Changes (5/97) 

API-650 Addendum 3 updates (December 1996) incorporated.



Grillage computations per API-650 Appendix I added.



Configuration option for considering corroded shell in Appendix F computations.



Modifications for the “Year 2000” have been incorporated.



Two modifications were made to the shell course duplication logic. First, versions prior to 1.50 did not duplicate material properties on new shell courses added to an existing input file. This ability has been added for Version 1.50.

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Appendix F - Revision History 

The second modification allows the duplication of the corrosion allowance to the upper courses to be stopped by entering a value of zero. Previous versions treated zero as a blank, permitting the duplication of the corrosion from lower courses.



Activating API-650 Appendix A or API-653 for thickness computations, now causes a “warning message” to be generated if the joint efficiency is left as 1.0 on the General Tank Data Spreadsheet.



A change made in the determination of the bottom shell course thickness for use in Section E.5.3 has resulted in an increase in the actual compressive stress and a decrease in the corresponding allowable stress.

Version 1.40 Changes (9/96) 

API-650 9th Edition, Addendum 2 changes incorporated.



Considerations for Stainless Steels according to the new Appendix S (API-650) have been added.



API-653 2nd Edition Updates included.



API-653 Table 2-3 implemented for annular base plates.



Configuration option for consideration of internal pressure in the computation of shell course thicknesses added.



Configuration option for specifying the multiple to be used in selecting the number of anchor bolts added.



Modifications to file management and module communication to allow multiple users in the same working directory.



Plotting of the results of the supported cone roof design added.

Version 1.31 Changes (2/96)

146



Anchor Bolt Corrosion specification has been added.



Bold design procedure for Section 3.11 added.



Shell course thicknesses on input can be left blank, the program defaults to the minimum thicknesses of Table 3.6.1.1.



Additional input data checks incorporated into the Error Check module.



Additional tests in the supported cone roof design module.



New support routines for ESLs (hardware locks) incorporated.



Input cells highlighted for easier visualization.



“Variable Point” location reported.



Consideration of Section 17.3.8 added.



Bolt design references to standard bolt size table.

TANK User's Guide

Appendix F - Revision History

Version 1.30 Changes (8/95) 

API-650 Addendum 1 updates incorporated.



Mouse support has been added to all modules.



Addition of a User specified thickness round-off increment.



A tank sizing/costing scratch-pad is available.



A material database editor is provided.



Structural element checks per API-650 Section 3.10.3 are implemented for the design of Supported Cone roofs.



The maximum area for frangible joints as per API-650 3.10.2.5.3 is reported.



Top angle sizing per API-650 Section 3.1.5.9.e has been added.



Wind girder size selection per API-650 Table 3-22 has been added.



Theoretical height of sloshing wave (for Seismic events) determined as per API-620 L.8.1.



The weight of the bottom and annular base plates is now determined and included in the weight summary. Additionally the weights for operating, test, and empty conditions are reported.



API-653 service/maintenance considerations added by allowing individual shell course joint efficiencies and critical length locations to be specified.



API-653 minimum thickness of bottom plate per 2.4.7.1 added.

Version 1.20 Changes (11/94) 

Roof design/analysis of Supported Cone roofs according to the procedures set forth in Brownell & Young.



Library of structural shapes provided to facilitate roof design. This library includes the standard AISC shapes as well as double channels and pipe cross sections.



Plotting of the nozzle limiting load interaction diagrams for compliance to API-650 Appendix P.



Expanded nozzle input for up to 15 low tank nozzles. Input also allows the specification of the nozzle weight and external piping loads.



Specification and incorporation of anchor bolt offsets for API-650 Section 3.11 and Appendix E computations.



PCX images inverted to facilitate insertion of graphics images into documents and reports.

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Appendix F - Revision History

Version 1.10 Changes (6/94)

148



Computations according to API-650 Section 3.11 for Wind Overturning Stability have been added.



Anchorage design/analysis according to API-650 Appendix E Section E.6 added.



Automatic generation of nozzle material modulus and expansion coefficient according to API-650 Appendix Table P-1 added.



The nozzle flexibility computations for API-650 Appendix P have been enhanced to interpolate between the L/2a=1.0 and L/2a=1.5 curves. Version 1.0 used one or the other set of curves, there was no interpolation between curves.



Nozzle flexibility analysis can optionally consider a reinforcing pad on the tank shell.



For API-653 analysis, an additional output table for “Retiring Thicknesses” and “Remaining Corrosion Allowances” has been added.



For API-653 runs, a configuration directive has been added to allow a “corroded” hydrotest case.



Several “network specific” enhancements have been made to the program. This includes changes to the file manager to recognize discontiguous disk drives, a network hardware lock, and a segregation of program and system files.



A new loader is available to provide diagnostic capabilities from the Main Menu.



The configuration program has been modified to track user changes, which enables the program to warn the user when an ESC is attempted without saving the data file.



A batch stream processor has been added to enable the processing of multiple jobs.



The input and output modules support a “pop-up” calculator for on-screen computations. The calculator supports the basic four math operations, trigonometric functions, squares, and square roots.



Several new configuration directives have been added. These new directives allow the specification of the default wind pressure for Section 3.11, and the setting of the default output report generation parameters.



An additional "English" units file is provided. This units file, MPH.FIL defines the wind speed in units of miles per hour.

TANK User's Guide

Index * * ASTM Standards • 134 * CSA Standards • 134 * Duplex Stainless Steels (Temperature Dependent) • 135 * ISO 630 • 135 * National Standards • 134 * Stainless Steels (Temperature Dependent) • 135 * Unknown For API-653 • 135

2 2D Plot Panel • 66 2D View • 118

3

Bottom Pre 3rd Edition Tab • 40 Build a Tank Vessel • 91 Build Version Checker • 83

C carbon steels • 21 Check the Input for Errors • 95 Complete the Error Check Phase • 96 computation control • 69 Computation Control • 69 configuration • 69 Configuration • 69 configuration file • 69 Copy a Material • 81 cost • 62 CRC Check • 83 current codes • 11 Cycle Life • 57

3D View • 115

D A Access Registry Details through the ESL • 87 Add a New Material • 80 allowable stresses • 99 Analyze Panel • 65 Analyze the Tank • 97 anchor bolt • 33 Anchor Bolt and Gusset Details Tab • 30 API Data Set • 128 API-2000 • 13 API-2000 5th Venting Requirements • 112 API-650 App V External Pressure • 114 API-650 Bolting Report • 113 API-650 Cycle Life Output • 113 API-653 Settlement Evaluation • 112 Appendix A - Program File List • 127 Appendix B - Standard Units Systems • 131 Appendix C - List of Materials • 133 Appendix D - Default Configuration Directives • 137 Appendix E - Selected References • 139 Appendix F - Revision History • 141

B batch stream processor • 67 Bottom Post 3rd Ed. Tab • 39

TANK User's Guide

Database Definitions • 73 Define the Roof Specifications • 94 Define the Shell Courses • 93 Define the Tank Data • 92 Delete a Material • 80 diagnostic message • 98 Diagnostics Menu • 83 Diagnostics Tab • 83 DLL files • 83 DLL Version Checker • 83

E earthquake data • 33 Edit a Material • 80 Edit Panel • 18 English Text Set • 128 Error Checker • 65, 95 Error Checker LOG File • 106 error message • 95 Error Review • 85 Error Review Module • 83 ESL fax update • 85 ESL Menu • 85 ESL phone update • 85 ESL Tab • 85 Example Problem A_WC • 125 Example Problem APP_K • 125

149

Index Example Problem APP_P • 126 Example Problem B&Y • 126 Example Problem EXTERN01 • 126 Example Problem KOCZWARA • 126 Example Problem O_WC • 125 Example Problem SEIS01 • 126 Example Problem SSC1 • 126 Example Problem SSTEST1 • 126 Example Problem TEST1 • 126 Examples • 125 Examples Data Set • 129 External Pressure • 38

F File Panel • 18 File Panel (Material Database Editor) • 78 File Tab • 16 File Tab (Material Database Editor) • 78 fluid heights • 99

G General Roof Specs Tab • 42 General Tank Data • 21 Generate Output Reports • 101 Girder Rings Tab • 53 grillage • 56 Grillage Review • 56

H Help & Error Processing Set • 128 Help Panel (Material Database Editor) • 82 Help Tab • 88 Home Tab • 17 Home Tab (Material Database Editor) • 78 HTML help system • 88

I Input Data • 92 input file • 13 Input Menu • 13 Input Panel • 19 Inspection Data • 39 Introduction • 11

J

Main Set • 127 Make Unit • 75 Manual Shell Course Specification Tab • 41 material data base editor • 67 material database • 21 Material Database Editor • 76 material files • 73 Material Panel (Material Database Editor) • 79 Merge Custom Materials with the TANK Material Database • 81 message file • 67, 98 Miscellaneous • 72 MRU list • 16

N nozzle flexibility • 99 Nozzle Flexibility & Load Results • 111 nozzle interaction diagrams • 121 Nozzle Stiffnesses • 35

O optimum cosine curve • 99 Options Tab • 114 output reports • 101

P Plot Nozzle Specifications • 121 Plot Shell Settlements • 120 Plot Tank Elevations • 119 Program Capabilities • 11 program files • 98, 127 Program Scanner • 84

R registration • 88 Report List Tab • 104 roof • 42 roof data • 42 roof evaluation • 108 Roof Evaluation/Design & Appendix F • 108 roof sketch • 123 Roof Specifications • 42

Job Title Page • 104

S

L

scratchpad • 62 Scratchpad Panel • 61 seismic • 99

local graphics • 118

150

M

TANK User's Guide

Index Seismic Analysis Results • 111 seismic data • 33 Seismic Data Specifications • 33 settlement • 99 settlement dialog • 58 Shell Courses Tab • 27 shell settlement • 120 Shell Settlement • 58 Solution Module TXT File • 107 Solution Overview • 99 stainless steels • 21 Starting TANK • 92 supported cone roof • 42 Supported Cone Roof Data Tab • 46 Supported Cone Roof Sketches • 123

T Tank Data Tab • 22 TANK Input • 13 TANK Interface • 15 tank nozzles • 35 TANK Program Files • 98 Tank Sizing/Costing Scratchpad • 62 Tank Sizing/Costing Scratchpad Dialog Box • 63 tank sketch • 119 technical support • 88 thicknesses • 99 Tip of the Day • 88 Title Page Panel • 19 tool bar • 19 Tools Tab • 67

Version 1.50 Changes (5/97) • 145 Version 1.51 Changes (9/97) • 145 Version 1.60 / 2.00 Changes (1/99) • 144 Version 2.10 Changes (5/00) • 144 Version 2.20 Changes (9/00) • 144 Version 2.30 Changes (2/02) • 144 Version 2.40 Changes (7/02) • 143 Version 2.50 Changes (3/04) • 143 Version 2.55 Changes (10/05) • 143 Version 3.00 Changes (11/07) • 143 Version 3.10 Changes (9/08) • 142 Version 3.20 Changes (9/09) • 142 Version 3.30 Changes (9/10) • 142 Version 4.00 Changes (3/12) • 142 Version 5.00 Changes (4/13) • 141 View the Graphics Output • 115 View the Material Database Status • 82

W warning messages • 95 What's New in TANK 2014 • 9 wind • 99 Wind Details Tab • 29 wind girder • 99 wind pressure • 69 Wind, Material, Thickness & Weights • 107

U units • 21, 101, 131 units files • 67, 73 Units Panel • 65 units system • 75 Use the Output Processor • 102 User Input Data • 105 Utilities menu • 98

V venting calculations • 99 Venting Data • 13, 59 Venting Requirements • 59 Version 1.10 Changes (6/94) • 148 Version 1.20 Changes (11/94) • 147 Version 1.30 Changes (8/95) • 147 Version 1.31 Changes (2/96) • 146 Version 1.40 Changes (9/96) • 146

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